Fix ticket #1115.

[SVN r38288]

build/Jamfile

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-#  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-#  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-#  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-#  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-#
-# Boost.Python library Jamfile
-
-
-# declare the location of this subproject relative to the root
-subproject libs/python/build ;
-
-# bring in the rules for python
-import python ;
-
-if [ check-python-config ]
-{
-    
-  local bpl-linkflags ;
-
-  if $(UNIX) && ( $(OS) = AIX )
-  {
-      bpl-linkflags = <linkflags>"-e initlibboost_python" ;
-  }
-
-  # Enabling intrinsics (/0i) or maximize speed (/02) seem to cause
-  # internal compiler errors with this toolset.
-  local msvc-stlport-workarounds
-    = <optimization>off "<cxxflags>-Ogty -O1 -Gs" ;
-    
-  local sources =
-    numeric.cpp
-    list.cpp
-    long.cpp
-    dict.cpp
-    tuple.cpp
-    str.cpp
-    slice.cpp
-
-    aix_init_module.cpp
-    converter/from_python.cpp
-    converter/registry.cpp
-    converter/type_id.cpp
-    object/enum.cpp
-    object/class.cpp
-    object/function.cpp
-    object/inheritance.cpp
-    object/life_support.cpp
-    object/pickle_support.cpp
-    errors.cpp
-    module.cpp
-    converter/builtin_converters.cpp
-    converter/arg_to_python_base.cpp
-    object/iterator.cpp
-    object/stl_iterator.cpp
-    object_protocol.cpp
-    object_operators.cpp
-    wrapper.cpp
-    exec.cpp
-    import.cpp
-    ;
-  
-  dll boost_python
-    : ../src/$(sources)
-    : $(BOOST_PYTHON_V2_PROPERTIES)
-      <define>BOOST_PYTHON_SOURCE
-      $(bpl-linkflags)
-        <msvc-stlport><release>$(msvc-stlport-workarounds)
-        <darwin><*><linkflags>-bind_at_load
-        <gcc-3_3-darwin><*><linkflags>-bind_at_load
-      ;
-
-  template extension
-    : <dll>boost_python
-    : <sysinclude>../../..
-    ;
-  
-  lib boost_python
-    : # sources
-      ../src/$(sources)
-        
-    : # requirements
-      $(BOOST_PYTHON_V2_PROPERTIES)
-      <define>BOOST_PYTHON_SOURCE
-      <define>BOOST_STATIC_LIB
-      $(bpl-linkflags)
-        <msvc-stlport><release>$(msvc-stlport-workarounds)
-      ;
-
-  stage bin-stage : <dll>boost_python <lib>boost_python
-    : <tag><debug>"_debug"
-      <tag><debug-python>"_pydebug"
-    :
-        debug release
-    ;
-
-  install python lib
-    : <dll>boost_python <lib>boost_python
-    ;
-}

build/Jamfile.v2

@@ -1,28 +1,31 @@
+# Copyright David Abrahams 2001-2006. Distributed under the Boost
+# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
 import os ;
 import modules ;
 
 import python ;
 
-if [ python.configured ] {
+if ! [ python.configured ] && ! ( --without-python in  [ modules.peek : ARGV ] )
+{
+    # Attempt default configuration of python
+    import toolset : using ;
+    using python ;
     
+    if ! [ python.configured ]
+    {
+        ECHO "WARNING: No python installation configured and autoconfiguration" ; 
+        ECHO "         failed.  See http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/building.html" ;
+        ECHO "         for configuration instructions or pass --without-python to" ;
+        ECHO "         suppress this message and silently skip all Boost.Python targets" ;
+    }
+}
+
+if [ python.configured ] {
 
 project boost/python
     : source-location ../src
-        : requirements 
-	#<include>$(PYTHON_PATH)/include
-        #  $(lib_condition)<library-path>$(PYTHON_PATH)/libs
-        #    <link>shared:<library>$(PYTHON_LIB)
-        #    <define>$(defines)
-        #: usage-requirements # requirement that will be propageted to *users* of this library
-        #  <include>$(PYTHON_PATH)/include
-
-# We have a bug which causes us to conclude that conditionalized
-# properties in this section are not free.
-#          $(lib_condition)<library-path>$(PYTHON_PATH)/lib/python2.2/config
-#            <shared>true:<find-library>$(PYTHON_LIB)
-            
-        # <library-path>$(PYTHON_PATH)/lib/python2.2/config
-        #    <library>$(PYTHON_LIB)
     ;
 
 lib boost_python
@@ -35,7 +38,6 @@ lib boost_python
     str.cpp
     slice.cpp
 
-    aix_init_module.cpp
     converter/from_python.cpp
     converter/registry.cpp
     converter/type_id.cpp
@@ -59,12 +61,28 @@ lib boost_python
     :   # requirements
         <link>static:<define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB 
         <define>BOOST_PYTHON_SOURCE
-     	<library>/python//python
+      
+        # On Windows, all code using Python has to link to the Python
+        # import library.
+        #
+        # On *nix we never link libboost_python to libpython.  When
+        # extending Python, all Python symbols are provided by the
+        # Python interpreter executable.  When embedding Python, the
+        # client executable is expected to explicitly link to
+        # /python//python (the target representing libpython) itself.
+        #
+        # python_for_extensions is a target defined by Boost.Build to
+        # provide the Python include paths, and on Windows, the Python
+        # import library, as usage requirements.
+        <library>/python//python_for_extensions
+      
+        <python-debugging>on:<define>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON
+      
     :   # default build
         <link>shared
     :   # usage requirements
-        <link>static:<define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB 
-        <link>shared:<define>BOOST_PYTHON_DYNAMIC_LIB
+        <link>static:<define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB
+        <python-debugging>on:<define>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON
     ;
 }
 else

build/VisualStudio/boost_python.dsp

@@ -95,10 +95,6 @@ LINK32=link.exe
 # PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
 # Begin Source File
 
-SOURCE=..\..\src\aix_init_module.cpp
-# End Source File
-# Begin Source File
-
 SOURCE=..\..\src\converter\arg_to_python_base.cpp
 # End Source File
 # Begin Source File
@@ -214,10 +210,6 @@ SOURCE=..\..\src\exec.cpp
 # PROP Default_Filter ""
 # Begin Source File
 
-SOURCE=..\..\..\..\boost\python\detail\aix_init_module.hpp
-# End Source File
-# Begin Source File
-
 SOURCE=..\..\..\..\boost\python\detail\api_placeholder.hpp
 # End Source File
 # Begin Source File

doc/Jamfile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+import docutils ;
+
+import path ;
+sources = building.rst ;
+bases = $(sources:S=) ;
+  
+# This is a path relative to the html/ subdirectory where the
+# generated output will eventually be moved.
+stylesheet = "--stylesheet=../../../rst.css" ;
+
+for local b in $(bases)
+{
+    html $(b) : $(b).rst : 
+      
+    <docutils-html>"-gdt --source-url="./$(b).rst" --link-stylesheet --traceback --trim-footnote-reference-space --footnote-references=superscript "$(stylesheet)
+  ;
+}
+
+alias htmls : $(bases) ;
+stage . : $(bases) ;

doc/PyConDC_2003/bpl.html

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/PyConDC_2003/bpl.txt

@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
 This file has been moved to http://www.boost-consulting.com/writing/bpl.txt.

doc/PyConDC_2003/bpl_mods.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
 .. This is a comment. Note how any initial comments are moved by
    transforms to after the document title, subtitle, and docinfo.
 

doc/PyConDC_2003/default.css

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 :version: $Revision$
 :copyright: This stylesheet has been placed in the public domain.
 
+boostinspect:nolicense
+
 Default cascading style sheet for the HTML output of Docutils.
 */
 

doc/boost.css

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/* Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+   Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying 
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+*/
 H1
 {
     FONT-SIZE: 200%

doc/building.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+.. http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+==============================================
+ |(logo)|__ Boost.Python Build and Test HOWTO
+==============================================
+
+.. |(logo)| image:: ../../../boost.png
+   :alt: Boost C++ Libraries:
+   :class: boost-logo
+
+__ ../index.htm
+
+
+.. section-numbering::
+   :depth: 2
+
+.. contents:: Contents
+   :depth: 2
+   :class: sidebar small
+
+.. |newer| replace:: *newer*
+
+Requirements
+============
+
+Boost.Python requires `Python 2.2`_ [#2.2]_ *or* |newer|__.  
+
+.. _Python 2.2: http://www.python.org/2.2
+__ http://www.python.org
+
+Background
+==========
+
+There are two basic models for combining C++ and Python:
+
+- extending_, in which the end-user launches the Python interpreter
+  executable and imports Python “extension modules” written in C++.
+  Think of taking a library written in C++ and giving it a Python
+  interface so Python programmers can use it.  From Python, these
+  modules look just like regular Python modules.
+
+- embedding_, in which the end-user launches a program written
+  in C++ that in turn invokes the Python interpreter as a library
+  subroutine.  Think of adding scriptability to an existing
+  application.
+
+.. _extending: http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/intro.html
+.. _embedding: http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/embedding.html
+
+The key distinction between extending and embedding is the location
+of the C++ ``main()`` function: in the Python interpreter executable,
+or in some other program, respectively.  Note that even when
+embedding Python in another program, `extension modules are often
+the best way to make C/C++ functionality accessible to Python
+code`__, so the use of extension modules is really at the heart of
+both models.
+
+__ http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/extending-with-embedding.html
+
+Except in rare cases, extension modules are built as
+dynamically-loaded libraries with a single entry point, which means
+you can change them without rebuilding either the other extension
+modules or the executable containing ``main()``.
+
+.. _quickstart:
+
+No-Install Quickstart
+=====================
+
+There is no need to “install Boost” in order to get started using
+Boost.Python.  These instructions use Boost.Build_ projects,
+which will build those binaries as soon as they're needed.  Your
+first tests may take a little longer while you wait for
+Boost.Python to build, but doing things this way will save you from
+worrying about build intricacies like which library binaries to use
+for a specific compiler configuration and figuring out the right
+compiler options to use yourself.
+
+.. .. raw:: html
+
+   <div style="width:50%">
+
+.. Note:: Of course it's possible to use other build systems to
+   build Boost.Python and its extensions, but they are not
+   officially supported by Boost.  Moreover **99% of all “I can't
+   build Boost.Python” problems come from trying to use another
+   build system** without first following these instructions.
+
+   If you want to use another system anyway, we suggest that you
+   follow these instructions, and then invoke ``bjam`` with the
+
+   .. parsed-literal::
+
+     ``-a -o``\ *filename* 
+
+   options to dump the build commands it executes to a file, so
+   you can see what your alternate build system needs to do.
+
+.. .. raw:: html
+ 
+   </div>
+
+.. _Boost.Build: ../../../tools/build/index.html
+
+Basic Procedure
+---------------
+
+1. Get Boost; see sections 1 and 2 [`Unix/Linux`__, `Windows`__\ ] of the
+   Boost `Getting Started Guide`_.
+
+   __ ../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#get-boost
+   __ ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#get-boost
+
+2. Get the ``bjam`` build driver.  See section 5 [`Unix/Linux`__,
+   `Windows`__\ ] of the Boost `Getting Started Guide`_.
+
+   __ ../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary
+   __ ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary
+
+
+3. cd into the ``libs/python/example/quickstart/`` directory of your
+   Boost installation, which contains a small example project.
+
+4. Invoke ``bjam``.  Replace the “\ ``stage``\ “ argument from the
+   example invocation from section 5 of the `Getting Started
+   Guide`_ with “\ ``test``\ ,“ to build all the test targets.  Also add
+   the argument “\ ``--verbose-test``\ ” to see the output generated by
+   the tests when they are run.
+
+   On Windows, your ``bjam`` invocation might look something like:
+
+   .. parsed-literal::
+
+     C:\\boost_1_34_0\\…\\quickstart> **bjam toolset=msvc --verbose-test test**
+
+   and on Unix variants, perhaps,
+
+   .. parsed-literal::
+
+     ~/boost_1_34_0/…/quickstart$ **bjam toolset=gcc --verbose-test test**
+
+.. Admonition:: Note to Windows Users
+
+   For the sake of concision, the rest of this guide will use
+   unix-style forward slashes in pathnames instead of the
+   backslashes with which you may be more familiar.  The forward
+   slashes should work everywhere except in `Command Prompt`_
+   windows, where you should use backslashes.
+
+   .. _Command Prompt: ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#command-prompt
+
+If you followed this procedure successfully, you will have built an
+extension module called ``extending`` and tested it by running a
+Python script called ``test_extending.py``.  You will also have
+built and run a simple application called ``embedding`` that embeds
+python.
+
+.. _Getting Started Guide: ../../../more/getting_started/index.html
+
+In Case of Trouble
+------------------
+
+If you're seeing lots of compiler and/or linker error messages,
+it's probably because Boost.Build is having trouble finding your
+Python installation.  You might want to pass the
+``--debug-configuration`` option to ``bjam`` the first few times
+you invoke it, to make sure that Boost.Build is correctly locating
+all the parts of your Python installation.  If it isn't, consider
+`Configuring Boost.Build`_ as detailed below.
+
+If you're still having trouble, Someone on one of the following
+mailing lists may be able to help:
+
+* The `Boost.Build mailing list`__ for issues related to Boost.Build
+* The Python `C++ Sig`__ for issues specifically related to Boost.Python
+
+__ ../../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost
+__ ../../../more/mailing_lists.htm#cplussig
+
+In Case Everything Seemed to Work
+---------------------------------
+
+Rejoice!  If you're new to Boost.Python, at this point it might be
+a good idea to ignore build issues for a while and concentrate on
+learning the library by going through the tutorial_ and perhaps
+some of the `reference documentation`_, trying out what you've
+learned about the API by modifying the quickstart project.
+
+.. _reference documentation: v2/reference.html
+.. _tutorial: tutorial/index.html
+
+Modifying the Example Project
+-----------------------------
+
+If you're content to keep your extension module forever in one
+source file called |extending.cpp|_, inside your Boost
+distribution, and import it forever as ``extending``, then you can
+stop here.  However, it's likely that you will want to make a few
+changes.  There are a few things you can do without having to learn
+Boost.Build_ in depth.
+
+The project you just built is specified in two files in the current
+directory: |boost-build.jam|_, which tells ``bjam`` where it can
+find the interpreted code of the Boost build system, and
+|Jamroot|_, which describes the targets you just built.  These
+files are heavily commented, so they should be easy to modify.
+Take care, however, to preserve whitespace.  Punctuation such as
+``;`` will not be recognized as intended by ``bjam`` if it is not
+surrounded by whitespace.
+
+.. |boost-build.jam| replace:: ``boost-build.jam``
+.. _boost-build.jam: ../example/quickstart/boost-build.jam
+
+.. |Jamroot| replace:: ``Jamroot``
+.. _Jamroot: ../example/quickstart/Jamroot
+
+.. |extending.cpp| replace:: ``extending.cpp``
+.. _extending.cpp: ../example/quickstart/extending.cpp
+
+Relocate the Project
+....................
+
+You'll probably want to copy this project elsewhere so you can
+change it without modifying your Boost distribution.  To do that,
+simply
+
+a. copy the entire ``libs/python/example/quickstart/`` directory
+   into a new directory.
+
+b. In the new copies of |boost-build.jam|_ and |Jamroot|_, locate
+   the relative path near the top of the file that is clearly
+   marked by a comment, and edit that path so that it refers to the
+   same directory your Boost distribution as it referred to when
+   the file was in its original location in the
+   ``libs/python/example/quickstart/`` directory.
+
+For example, if you moved the project from
+``/home/dave/boost_1_34_0/libs/python/example/quickstart`` to
+``/home/dave/my-project``, you could change the first path in
+|boost-build.jam|_ from
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  **../../../..**\ /tools/build/v2
+
+to
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  **/home/dave/boost_1_34_0**\ /tools/build/v2
+
+and change the first path in |Jamroot|_ from
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  **../../../..**
+
+to
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  **/home/dave/boost_1_34_0**
+
+Add New or Change Names of Existing Source Files
+................................................
+
+The names of additional source files involved in building your
+extension module or embedding application can be listed in
+|Jamroot|_ right alongside ``extending.cpp`` or ``embedding.cpp``
+respectively.  Just be sure to leave whitespace around each
+filename::
+
+  … file1.cpp file2.cpp file3.cpp …
+
+Naturally, if you want to change the name of a source file you can
+tell Boost.Build about it by editing the name in |Jamroot|_.
+
+Change the Name of your Extension Module
+........................................
+
+The name of the extension module is determined by two things:
+
+1. the name in |Jamroot|_ immediately following ``python-extension``, and 
+2. the name passed to ``BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE`` in |extending.cpp|_.
+
+To change the name of the extension module from ``extending`` to
+``hello``, you'd edit |Jamroot|_, changing
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  python-extension **extending** : extending.cpp ;
+
+to
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  python-extension **hello** : extending.cpp ;
+
+and you'd edit extending.cpp, changing
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(\ **extending**\ )
+
+to
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+  BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(\ **hello**\ )
+
+Installing Boost.Python on your System
+======================================
+
+Since Boost.Python is a separately-compiled (as opposed to
+`header-only`_) library, its user relies on the services of a
+Boost.Python library binary.  
+
+.. _header-only: ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#header-only-libraries
+
+If you need a regular installation of the Boost.Python library
+binaries on your system, the Boost `Getting Started Guide`_ will
+walk you through the steps of creating one.  If building binaries
+from source, you might want to supply the ``--with-python``
+argument to ``bjam`` (or the ``--with-libraries=python`` argument
+to ``configure``), so only the Boost.Python binary will be built,
+rather than all the Boost binaries.
+
+
+Configuring Boost.Build
+=======================
+
+As described in the `Boost.Build reference manual`__, a file called
+``user-config.jam`` in your home directory [#home-dir]_ is used to
+specify the tools and libraries available to the build system. You
+may need to create or edit ``user-config.jam`` to tell Boost.Build
+how to invoke Python, ``#include`` its headers, and link with its
+libraries.
+
+__ http://www.boost.orgdoc/html/bbv2/advanced.html#bbv2.advanced.configuration
+
+.. Admonition:: Users of Unix-Variant OSes
+
+   If you are using a unix-variant OS and you ran Boost's
+   ``configure`` script, it may have generated a
+   ``user-config.jam`` for you. [#overwrite]_ If your ``configure``\
+   /\ ``make`` sequence was successful and Boost.Python binaries
+   were built, your ``user-config.jam`` file is probably already
+   correct.
+
+If you have one fairly “standard” python installation for your
+platform, you might not need to do anything special to describe it.  If
+you haven't configured python in ``user-config.jam`` (and you don't
+specify ``--without-python`` on the Boost.Build command line),
+Boost.Build will automatically execute the equivalent of ::
+
+  import toolset : using ; 
+  using python ;
+
+which automatically looks for Python in the most likely places.
+However, that only happens when using the Boost.Python project file
+(e.g. when referred to by another project as in the quickstart_
+method).  If instead you are linking against separately-compiled
+Boost.Python binaries, you should set up a ``user-config.jam`` file
+with at least the minimal incantation above.
+
+Python Configuration Parameters
+-------------------------------
+
+If you have several versions of Python installed, or Python is
+installed in an unusual way, you may want to supply any or all of
+the following optional parameters to ``using python``.
+
+version
+  the version of Python to use.  Should be in Major.Minor
+  format, for example, ``2.3``.  Do not include the subminor
+  version (i.e. *not* ``2.5.1``).  If you have multiple Python
+  versions installed, the version will usually be the only
+  configuration argument required.
+
+cmd-or-prefix
+  preferably, a command that invokes a Python interpreter.
+  Alternatively, the installation prefix for Python libraries and
+  header files.  Only use the alternative formulation if there is
+  no appropriate Python executable available.
+
+includes
+  the ``#include`` paths for Python headers.  Normally the correct
+  path(s) will be automatically deduced from ``version`` and/or
+  ``cmd-or-prefix``.  
+
+libraries
+  the path to Python library binaries.  On MacOS/Darwin,
+  you can also pass the path of the Python framework.  Normally the
+  correct path(s) will be automatically deduced from ``version``
+  and/or ``cmd-or-prefix``. 
+
+condition
+  if specified, should be a set of Boost.Build
+  properties that are matched against the build configuration when
+  Boost.Build selects a Python configuration to use.  See examples
+  below for details.
+
+extension-suffix
+  A string to append to the name of extension
+  modules before the true filename extension.  You almost certainly
+  don't need to use this.  Usually this suffix is only used when
+  targeting a Windows debug build of Python, and will be set
+  automatically for you based on the value of the
+  |python-debugging|_ feature.  However, at least one Linux
+  distribution (Ubuntu Feisty Fawn) has a specially configured
+  `python-dbg`__ package that claims to use such a suffix.
+
+.. |python-debugging| replace:: ``<python-debugging>``
+
+__ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PyDbgBuilds
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Note that in the examples below, case and *especially whitespace* are
+significant.
+
+- If you have both python 2.5 and python 2.4 installed,
+  ``user-config.jam`` might contain::
+  
+    using python : 2.5 ;  # Make both versions of Python available 
+
+    using python : 2.4 ;  # To build with python 2.4, add python=2.4 
+                          # to your command line.
+
+  The first version configured (2.5) becomes the default.  To build
+  against python 2.4, add ``python=2.4`` to the ``bjam`` command line.
+
+- If you have python installed in an unusual location, you might
+  supply the path to the interpreter in the ``cmd-or-prefix``
+  parameter::
+
+    using python : : /usr/local/python-2.6-beta/bin/python ;
+
+- If you have a separate build of Python for use with a particular
+  toolset, you might supply that toolset in the ``condition``
+  parameter::
+
+    using python ;  # use for most toolsets
+    
+    # Use with Intel C++ toolset
+    using python 
+         : # version
+         : c:\\Devel\\Python-2.5-IntelBuild\\PCBuild\\python # cmd-or-prefix
+         : # includes
+         : # libraries
+         : <toolset>intel # condition
+         ;
+
+
+- If you have downloaded the Python sources and built both the
+  normal and the “\ `python debugging`_\ ” builds from source on
+  Windows, you might see::
+
+    using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python ;
+    using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python_d
+      : # includes
+      : # libs
+      : <python-debugging>on ;
+
+- You can set up your user-config.jam so a bjam built under Windows 
+  can build/test both Windows and Cygwin_ python extensions.  Just pass
+  ``<target-os>cygwin`` in the ``condition`` parameter
+  for the cygwin python installation::
+
+    # windows installation
+    using python ;
+
+    # cygwin installation
+    using python : : c:\\cygwin\\bin\\python2.5 : : : <target-os>cygwin ;
+
+  when you put target-os=cygwin in your build request, it should build
+  with the cygwin version of python: [#flavor]_
+
+    bjam target-os=cygwin toolset=gcc 
+
+  This is supposed to work the other way, too (targeting windows
+  python with a Cygwin_ bjam) but it seems as though the support in
+  Boost.Build's toolsets for building that way is broken at the
+  time of this writing.
+
+- Note that because of `the way Boost.Build currently selects target
+  alternatives`__, you might have be very explicit in your build
+  requests.  For example, given::
+
+    using python : 2.5 ; # a regular windows build
+    using python : 2.4 : : : : <target-os>cygwin ;
+
+  building with ::
+
+    bjam target-os=cygwin
+
+  will yield an error.  Instead, you'll need to write::
+
+    bjam target-os=cygwin/python=2.4
+
+.. _Cygwin: http://cygwin.com
+
+__ http://zigzag.cs.msu.su/boost.build/wiki/AlternativeSelection
+
+Choosing a Boost.Python Library Binary
+======================================
+
+If—instead of letting Boost.Build construct and link with the right
+libraries automatically—you choose to use a pre-built Boost.Python
+library, you'll need to think about which one to link with.  The
+Boost.Python binary comes in both static and dynamic flavors.  Take
+care to choose the right flavor for your application. [#naming]_
+
+The Dynamic Binary
+------------------
+
+The dynamic library is the safest and most-versatile choice:
+
+- A single copy of the library code is used by all extension
+  modules built with a given toolset. [#toolset-specific]_
+
+- The library contains a type conversion registry.  Because one
+  registry is shared among all extension modules, instances of a
+  class exposed to Python in one dynamically-loaded extension
+  module can be passed to functions exposed in another such module.
+
+The Static Binary
+-----------------
+
+It might be appropriate to use the static Boost.Python library in
+any of the following cases:
+
+- You are extending_ python and the types exposed in your
+  dynamically-loaded extension module don't need to be used by any
+  other Boost.Python extension modules, and you don't care if the
+  core library code is duplicated among them.
+
+- You are embedding_ python in your application and either:
+
+  - You are targeting a Unix variant OS other than MacOS or AIX,
+    where the dynamically-loaded extension modules can “see” the
+    Boost.Python library symbols that are part of the executable.
+
+  - Or, you have statically linked some Boost.Python extension
+    modules into your application and you don't care if any
+    dynamically-loaded Boost.Python extension modules are able to
+    use the types exposed by your statically-linked extension
+    modules (and vice-versa).
+
+``#include`` Issues
+===================
+
+1. If you should ever have occasion to ``#include "python.h"``
+   directly in a translation unit of a program using Boost.Python,
+   use ``#include "boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp"`` instead.
+   It handles several issues necessary for use with Boost.Python,
+   one of which is mentioned in the next section.
+
+2. Be sure not to ``#include`` any system headers before
+   ``wrap_python.hpp``.  This restriction is actually imposed by
+   Python, or more properly, by Python's interaction with your
+   operating system.  See
+   http://docs.python.org/ext/simpleExample.html for details.
+
+.. _python-debugging:
+.. _python debugging:
+
+Python Debugging Builds
+=======================
+
+Python can be built in a special “python debugging” configuration
+that adds extra checks and instrumentation that can be very useful
+for developers of extension modules.  The data structures used by
+the debugging configuration contain additional members, so **a
+Python executable built with python debugging enabled cannot be
+used with an extension module or library compiled without it, and
+vice-versa.**
+
+Since pre-built “python debugging” versions of the Python
+executable and libraries are not supplied with most distributions
+of Python, [#get-debug-build]_ and we didn't want to force our users
+to build them, Boost.Build does not automatically enable python
+debugging in its ``debug`` build variant (which is the default).
+Instead there is a special build property called
+``python-debugging`` that, when used as a build property, will
+define the right preprocessor symbols and select the right
+libraries to link with.
+
+On unix-variant platforms, the debugging versions of Python's data
+structures will only be used if the symbol ``Py_DEBUG`` is defined.
+On many windows compilers, when extension modules are built with
+the preprocessor symbol ``_DEBUG``, Python defaults to force
+linking with a special debugging version of the Python DLL.  Since
+that symbol is very commonly used even when Python is not present,
+Boost.Python temporarily undefines _DEBUG when Python.h
+is #included from ``boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp`` - unless
+``BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON`` is defined.  The upshot is that if you want
+“python debugging”and you aren't using Boost.Build, you should make
+sure ``BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON`` is defined, or python debugging will be
+suppressed.
+
+Testing Boost.Python
+====================
+
+To run the full test suite for Boost.Python, invoke ``bjam`` in the
+``libs/python/test`` subdirectory of your Boost distribution.
+
+Notes for MinGW (and Cygwin with -mno-cygwin) GCC Users
+=======================================================
+
+If you are using a version of Python prior to 2.4.1 with a MinGW
+prior to 3.0.0 (with binutils-2.13.90-20030111-1), you will need to
+create a MinGW-compatible version of the Python library; the one
+shipped with Python will only work with a Microsoft-compatible
+linker. Follow the instructions in the “Non-Microsoft” section of
+the “Building Extensions: Tips And Tricks” chapter in `Installing
+Python Modules`__ to create ``libpythonXX.a``, where ``XX``
+corresponds to the major and minor version numbers of your Python
+installation.
+
+__ http://www.python.org/doc/current/inst/index.html
+
+-----------------------------
+
+.. [#2.2] Note that although we tested earlier versions of
+   Boost.Python with Python 2.2, and we don't *think* we've done
+   anything to break compatibility, this release of Boost.Python
+   may not have been tested with versions of Python earlier than
+   2.4, so we're not 100% sure that python 2.2 and 2.3 are
+   supported.
+
+.. [#naming] Information about how to identify the
+   static and dynamic builds of Boost.Python:
+
+   * `on Windows`__
+   * `on Unix variants`__
+
+   __ ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#library-naming
+   __ ../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#library-naming
+
+.. [#toolset-specific] Because of the way most \*nix platforms
+   share symbols among dynamically-loaded objects, I'm not certain
+   that extension modules built with different compiler toolsets
+   will always use different copies of the Boost.Python library
+   when loaded into the same Python instance.  Not using different
+   libraries could be a good thing if the compilers have compatible
+   ABIs, because extension modules built with the two libraries
+   would be interoperable.  Otherwise, it could spell disaster,
+   since an extension module and the Boost.Python library would
+   have different ideas of such things as class layout. I would
+   appreciate someone doing the experiment to find out what
+   happens.
+
+.. [#overwrite] ``configure`` overwrites the existing
+   ``user-config.jam`` in your home directory
+   (if any) after making a backup of the old version.
+
+.. [#flavor] Note that the ``<target-os>cygwin`` feature is
+   different from the ``<flavor>cygwin`` subfeature of the ``gcc``
+   toolset, and you might need handle both explicitly if you also
+   have a MinGW GCC installed.
+
+.. [#home-dir] Windows users, your home directory can be
+   found by typing::
+
+     ECHO %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%
+
+   into a `command prompt`_ window.
+
+.. [#get-debug-build] On Unix and similar platforms, a debugging
+   python and associated libraries are built by adding
+   ``--with-pydebug`` when configuring the Python build. On
+   Windows, the debugging version of Python is generated by
+   the "Win32 Debug" target of the Visual Studio project in the
+   PCBuild subdirectory of a full Python source code distribution.
+   You may also find

doc/index.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=
@@ -144,7 +147,9 @@
 
       <dt><a href="v2/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a></dt>
       
-      <dt><a href="../pyste/index.html">Pyste (Boost.Python code generator)</a></dt>
+      <dt><a href="http://www.language-binding.net/pyplusplus/pyplusplus.html">Py++ Boost.Python code generator</a></dt>
+
+      <dt><a href="../pyste/index.html">Pyste Boost.Python code generator (no longer maintained)</a></dt>
 
       <dt><a href="internals.html">Internals Documentation</a></dt>
 

doc/news.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
   <meta name="generator" content=
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@
 
         <li>Support for converting <code>void*</code> to/from python,
         with <code><a
-        href="v2/opaque_pointer_converter.html">opaque_pointer_converter</a></code>
+        href="v2/opaque.html">opaque_pointer_converter</a></code>
         as the return value policy.  Thanks to Niall Douglas for the
         initial patch.
       </ul>
@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(test)
 
     <dd><a href="mailto:Gottfried.Ganssauge-at-haufe.de">Gottfried
     Gan&szlig;auge</a> has contributed <a href=
-    "v2/opaque_pointer_converter.html">opaque pointer support</a>.<br>
+    "v2/opaque.html">opaque pointer support</a>.<br>
     <a href="mailto:nicodemus-at-globalite.com.br">Bruno da Silva de
     Oliveira</a> has contributed the exciting <a href=
     "../pyste/index.html">Pyste</a> ("Pie-steh") package.</dd>

doc/polymorphism.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+.. http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
 How Runtime Polymorphism is expressed in Boost.Python:
 -----------------------------------------------------
 

doc/projects.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
   <meta name="generator" content=
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@
       <p>The SourceForge cctbx project is organized in modules to facilitate
       use in non-crystallographic applications. The scitbx module implements
       a general purpose array family for scientific applications and pure C++
-      ports of FFTPACK and the LBFGS conjugate gradient minimizer.</p>
+      ports of FFTPACK and the L-BFGS quasi-Newton minimizer.</p>
     </dd>
 
     <dt><a href="http://www.llnl.gov/CASC/emsolve"><b>EMSolve</b></a></dt>

doc/support.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/tutorial/doc/Jamfile.v2

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Copyright Joel de Guzman 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 project boost/libs/python/doc/tutorial/doc ;
 
 import boostbook : boostbook ;

doc/tutorial/doc/html/boostbook.css

@@ -23,23 +23,24 @@
 
     p 
     {
-        text-align: justify;
-        font-size: 11pt; 
-        line-height: 1.2;
+        text-align: left;
+        font-size: 10pt; 
+        line-height: 1.15;
     }
 
 /*=============================================================================
     Program listings
 =============================================================================*/
 
-    tt.computeroutput
+    /* Code on paragraphs */
+    p tt.computeroutput
     {
-        font-size: 10pt;
+        font-size: 9pt;
     }
 
     pre.synopsis
     {
-        font-size: 10pt;
+        font-size: 90%;
         margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
         padding: 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc;
     }
@@ -47,32 +48,36 @@
     .programlisting, 
     .screen
     {
-        font-size: 10pt;
+        font-size: 9pt;
         display: block;
         margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
         padding: 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc;
     }
 
+    /* Program listings in tables don't get borders */
+    td .programlisting, 
+    td .screen
+    {
+        margin: 0pc 0pc 0pc 0pc;
+        padding:  0pc 0pc 0pc 0pc;
+    }
+
 /*=============================================================================
     Headings
 =============================================================================*/
 
-    h1, 
-    h2, 
-    h3, 
-    h4, 
-    h5, 
-    h6 
+    h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 
     { 
         text-align: left; 
-        margin-top: 2pc; 
+        margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        font-weight: bold;
     }
 
-    h1 { font: 170% }
+    h1 { font: 140% }
     h2 { font: bold 140% }
-    h3 { font: bold 120% }
-    h4 { font: bold 100% }
-    h5 { font: italic 100% }
+    h3 { font: bold 130% }
+    h4 { font: bold 120% }
+    h5 { font: italic 110% }
     h6 { font: italic 100% }
 
     /* Top page titles */
@@ -89,12 +94,41 @@
         margin-bottom: 1pc;
     }
 
-    h1.title { font-size: 220% }
-    h2.title { font-size: 220% }
-    h3.title { font-size: 170% }
-    h4.title { font-size: 140% }
-    h5.title { font-size: 120% }
-    h6.title { font-size: 120% }
+    h1.title { font-size: 140% }
+    h2.title { font-size: 140% }
+    h3.title { font-size: 130% }
+    h4.title { font-size: 120% }
+    h5.title { font-size: 110% }
+    h6.title { font-size: 100% }
+
+    .section h1 
+    {
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        font-size: 140%;
+    }
+
+    .section h2 { font-size: 140% }
+    .section h3 { font-size: 130% }
+    .section h4 { font-size: 120% }
+    .section h5 { font-size: 110% }
+    .section h6 { font-size: 100% }
+
+    /* Code on titles */
+    h1 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 140% }
+    h2 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 140% }
+    h3 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 130% }
+    h4 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 120% }
+    h5 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 110% }
+    h6 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 100% }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Author
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    h3.author 
+    { 
+        font-size: 100% 
+    }
 
 /*=============================================================================
     Lists
@@ -102,20 +136,20 @@
 
     li
     {
-        font-size: 11pt;
+        font-size: 10pt;
         line-height: 1.3;
     }
     
     /* Unordered lists */
     ul 
     {
-        text-align: justify;
+        text-align: left;
     }
     
     /* Ordered lists */
     ol 
     {
-        text-align: justify;
+        text-align: left;
     }
 
 /*=============================================================================
@@ -159,9 +193,9 @@
     .toc
     {
        margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
-       padding: 0.5pc;
-       font-size: 11pt; 
-       line-height: 1.3;
+       padding: 0.1pc 1pc 0.1pc 1pc;
+       font-size: 80%; 
+       line-height: 1.15;
     }
     
     .boost-toc
@@ -180,7 +214,6 @@
         margin-left: 4%;
         padding-right: 0.5em; 
         padding-left: 0.5em;
-        font-size: 120%;
     }
     
     .informaltable table, 
@@ -202,8 +235,8 @@
     div.table table tr td
     {
         padding: 0.5em;
-        text-align: justify;
-        font-size: 11pt;
+        text-align: left;
+        font-size: 9pt;
     }
 
     div.informaltable table tr th, 
@@ -211,51 +244,76 @@
     {
         padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em;
         border: 1pt solid white;
+        font-size: 80%;
     }
 
 /*=============================================================================
     Blurbs
 =============================================================================*/
 
-    div.informaltable table tr td.blurb
+    div.note,
+    div.tip,
+    div.important,
+    div.caution,
+    div.warning,
+    p.blurb
     {
-        font-size: 10pt; /* A little bit smaller than the main text */
+        font-size: 9pt; /* A little bit smaller than the main text */
         line-height: 1.2;
+        display: block;
+        margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
+        padding: 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc;
     }
     
-    td.blurb img
+    p.blurb img
     {
         padding: 1pt;
     }
 
 /*=============================================================================
-    Misc
+    Variable Lists
 =============================================================================*/
 
-    /* Tone down the title of Parameter lists */
-    div.variablelist p.title
+    /* Make the terms in definition lists bold */
+    div.variablelist dl dt,
+    span.term
     {
         font-weight: bold;
-        font-size: 100%;
-        text-align: left;
+        font-size: 10pt;
     }
-    
-    /* Tabularize parameter lists */
+
+    div.variablelist table tbody tr td
+    {
+        text-align: left;
+        vertical-align: top;
+        padding: 0em 2em 0em 0em;
+        font-size: 10pt;
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        line-height: 1;
+    }
+
     div.variablelist dl dt
     {
-        float: left;
-        clear: left;
-        display: block;
-        font-style: italic;
+        margin-bottom: 0.2em;
     }
-    
+
     div.variablelist dl dd
     {
-        display: block;
-        clear:   right;
-        padding-left: 8pc;
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 2em;
+        font-size: 10pt;
     }
 
+    div.variablelist table tbody tr td p,
+    div.variablelist dl dd p
+    {
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        line-height: 1;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Misc
+=============================================================================*/
+
     /* Title of books and articles in bibliographies */
     span.title
     {
@@ -294,6 +352,14 @@
         {
             color: #9c5a9c;
         }
+
+        h1 a, h2 a, h3 a, h4 a, h5 a, h6 a,
+        h1 a:hover, h2 a:hover, h3 a:hover, h4 a:hover, h5 a:hover, h6 a:hover,
+        h1 a:visited, h2 a:visited, h3 a:visited, h4 a:visited, h5 a:visited, h6 a:visited
+        {
+            text-decoration: none; /* no underline */
+            color: #000000;
+        }
     
     /* Syntax Highlighting */
         .keyword        { color: #0000AA; }
@@ -322,41 +388,50 @@
     /* Program listing */
         pre.synopsis
         {
-            background-color: #F3F3F3;
-            border: 1pt solid #C0C0C0;
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
         }
     
         .programlisting, 
         .screen
         {
-            background-color: #F3F3F3;
-            border: 1pt solid #C0C0C0;
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+        }
+    
+        td .programlisting, 
+        td .screen
+        {
+            border: 0px solid #DCDCDC;
         }
     
     /* Blurbs */
-        div.informaltable table tr td.blurb
+        div.note,
+        div.tip,
+        div.important,
+        div.caution,
+        div.warning,
+        p.blurb
         {
-            background-color: #FFFFF0;
-            border: 1pt solid #707070;
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
         }
     
     /* Table of contents */
         .toc
         {
-            background-color: #F3F3F3;
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
         }
     
     /* Tables */
         div.informaltable table tr td, 
         div.table table tr td
         {
-            background-color: #F0F0F0;
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
         }
     
         div.informaltable table tr th, 
         div.table table tr th
         {
-            background-color: #E4E4E4;
+            background-color: #F0F0F0;
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
         }
     
     /* Misc */
@@ -396,6 +471,12 @@
             border: 1px solid gray;
         }
     
+        td .programlisting, 
+        td .screen
+        {
+            border: 0px solid #DCDCDC;
+        }
+    
     /* Table of contents */
         .toc
         {

doc/tutorial/doc/html/index.html

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
 <title>Chapter 1. python 1.0</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
-<link rel="next" href="python/hello.html" title=" Building Hello World">
+<link rel="next" href="python/hello.html" title="Building Hello World">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
 <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 <div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2002-2005 Joel
       de Guzman, David Abrahams</p></div>
 <div><div class="legalnotice">
-<a name="id372676"></a><p>
+<a name="id3128483"></a><p>
         Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
         file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">
         http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt </a>)
@@ -93,10 +93,10 @@
       code takes on the look of a kind of declarative interface definition language
       (IDL).
     </p>
-<a name="quickstart.hello_world"></a><h2>
-<a name="id372867"></a>
+<a name="quickstart.hello_world"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3090903"></a>
       Hello World
-    </h2>
+    </h3>
 <p>
       Following C/C++ tradition, let's start with the "hello, world". A
       C++ Function:
@@ -133,13 +133,13 @@
 <p>
     </p>
 <div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
-        <span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><b>Next stop... Building your Hello World module
-        from start to finish...</b></span></em></span>
+        <span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><strong>Next stop... Building your Hello World module
+        from start to finish...</strong></span></em></span>
       </p></blockquote></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
-<td align="left"><small><p>Last revised: February 14, 2006 at 02:23:06 GMT</p></small></td>
+<td align="left"><small><p>Last revised: May 18, 2007 at 15:45:45 GMT</p></small></td>
 <td align="right"><small></small></td>
 </tr></table>
 <hr>

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/embedding.html

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
 <title>Embedding</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
-<link rel="prev" href="object.html" title=" Object Interface">
+<link rel="prev" href="object.html" title="Object Interface">
 <link rel="next" href="iterators.html" title="Iterators">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
@@ -39,30 +39,28 @@
       a lot easier and, in a future version, it may become unnecessary to touch the
       Python/C API at all. So stay tuned... <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/smiley.png" alt="smiley"></span>
     </p>
-<a name="embedding.building_embedded_programs"></a><h2>
-<a name="id458605"></a>
+<a name="embedding.building_embedded_programs"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3150903"></a>
       Building embedded programs
-    </h2>
+    </h3>
 <p>
-      To be able to use embedding in your programs, they have to be linked to both
-      Boost.Python's and Python's static link library.
+      To be able to embed python into your programs, you have to link to both Boost.Python's
+      as well as Python's own runtime library.
     </p>
 <p>
-      Boost.Python's static link library comes in two variants. Both are located
-      in Boost's <tt class="literal">/libs/python/build/bin-stage</tt> subdirectory. On
-      Windows, the variants are called <tt class="literal">boost_python.lib</tt> (for release
-      builds) and <tt class="literal">boost_python_debug.lib</tt> (for debugging). If you
-      can't find the libraries, you probably haven't built Boost.Python yet. See
-      <a href="../../../../building.html" target="_top">Building and Testing</a> on how to
-      do this.
+      Boost.Python's library comes in two variants. Both are located in Boost's
+      <code class="literal">/libs/python/build/bin-stage</code> subdirectory. On Windows, the
+      variants are called <code class="literal">boost_python.lib</code> (for release builds)
+      and <code class="literal">boost_python_debug.lib</code> (for debugging). If you can't
+      find the libraries, you probably haven't built Boost.Python yet. See <a href="../../../../building.html" target="_top">Building and Testing</a> on how to do this.
     </p>
 <p>
-      Python's static link library can be found in the <tt class="literal">/libs</tt> subdirectory
+      Python's library can be found in the <code class="literal">/libs</code> subdirectory
       of your Python directory. On Windows it is called pythonXY.lib where X.Y is
       your major Python version number.
     </p>
 <p>
-      Additionally, Python's <tt class="literal">/include</tt> subdirectory has to be added
+      Additionally, Python's <code class="literal">/include</code> subdirectory has to be added
       to your include path.
     </p>
 <p>
@@ -83,10 +81,10 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
     &lt;library-path&gt;$(PYTHON_LIB_PATH)
     &lt;find-library&gt;$(PYTHON_EMBEDDED_LIBRARY) ;
 </pre>
-<a name="embedding.getting_started"></a><h2>
-<a name="id458703"></a>
+<a name="embedding.getting_started"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3150996"></a>
       Getting started
-    </h2>
+    </h3>
 <p>
       Being able to build is nice, but there is nothing to build yet. Embedding the
       Python interpreter into one of your C++ programs requires these 4 steps:
@@ -95,34 +93,37 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
 <li>
         
 #include
-         <tt class="literal">&lt;boost/python.hpp&gt;</tt><br><br>
+         <code class="literal">&lt;boost/python.hpp&gt;</code><br><br>
 </li>
 <li>
         Call <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-652" target="_top">Py_Initialize</a>()
-        to start the interpreter and create the <tt class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</tt>
+        to start the interpreter and create the <code class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</code>
         module.<br><br>
 </li>
 <li>
         Call other Python C API routines to use the interpreter.<br><br>
 </li>
-<li>
-        Call <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-656" target="_top">Py_Finalize</a>()
-        to stop the interpreter and release its resources.
-      </li>
 </ol></div>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup><col></colgroup>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Note that at this time
+            you must not call <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-656" target="_top">Py_Finalize</a>()
+            to stop the interpreter. This may be fixed in a future version of boost.python.</strong></span>
+            </td></tr></tbody>
+</table></div>
 <p>
       (Of course, there can be other C++ code between all of these steps.)
     </p>
 <div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
-        <span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><b>Now that we can embed the interpreter in
-        our programs, lets see how to put it to use...</b></span></em></span>
+        <span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><strong>Now that we can embed the interpreter in
+        our programs, lets see how to put it to use...</strong></span></em></span>
       </p></blockquote></div>
 <div class="section" lang="en">
 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
 <a name="python.using_the_interpreter"></a>Using the interpreter</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
         As you probably already know, objects in Python are reference-counted. Naturally,
-        the <tt class="literal">PyObject</tt>s of the Python/C API are also reference-counted.
+        the <code class="literal">PyObject</code>s of the Python/C API are also reference-counted.
         There is a difference however. While the reference-counting is fully automatic
         in Python, the Python/C API requires you to do it <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/refcounts.html" target="_top">by
         hand</a>. This is messy and especially hard to get right in the presence
@@ -130,247 +131,106 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
         and <a href="../../../../v2/object.html" target="_top">object</a> class templates to
         automate the process.
       </p>
-<a name="using_the_interpreter.reference_counting_handles_and_objects"></a><h2>
-<a name="id458870"></a>
-        Reference-counting handles and objects
-      </h2>
-<p>
-        There are two ways in which a function in the Python/C API can return a
-        <tt class="literal">PyObject*</tt>: as a <span class="emphasis"><em>borrowed reference</em></span>
-        or as a <span class="emphasis"><em>new reference</em></span>. Which of these a function uses,
-        is listed in that function's documentation. The two require slightely different
-        approaches to reference-counting but both can be 'handled' by Boost.Python.
-      </p>
-<p>
-        For a function returning a <span class="emphasis"><em>borrowed reference</em></span> we'll
-        have to tell the <tt class="literal">handle</tt> that the <tt class="literal">PyObject*</tt>
-        is borrowed with the aptly named <a href="../../../../v2/handle.html#borrowed-spec" target="_top">borrowed</a>
-        function. Two functions returning borrowed references are <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/importing.html#l2h-125" target="_top">PyImport_AddModule</a>
-        and <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/moduleObjects.html#l2h-594" target="_top">PyModule_GetDict</a>.
-        The former returns a reference to an already imported module, the latter
-        retrieves a module's namespace dictionary. Let's use them to retrieve the
-        namespace of the <tt class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</tt>
-        module:
-      </p>
-<pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span><span class="special">((</span>
-    <span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">borrowed</span><span class="special">(</span><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/importing.html#l2h-125" target="_top">PyImport_AddModule</a><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__main__"</span><span class="special">)))));</span>
-
-<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__dict__"</span><span class="special">);</span>
-</pre>
-<p>
-        For a function returning a <span class="emphasis"><em>new reference</em></span> we can just
-        create a <tt class="literal">handle</tt> out of the raw <tt class="literal">PyObject*</tt>
-        without wrapping it in a call to borrowed. One such function that returns
-        a new reference is <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a>
-        which we'll discuss in the next section.
-      </p>
-<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
-<colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><b>Handle is a class
-              <span class="emphasis"><em>template</em></span>, so why haven't we been using any template
-              parameters?</b></span><br> <br> <tt class="literal">handle</tt> has a
-              single template parameter specifying the type of the managed object.
-              This type is <tt class="literal">PyObject</tt> 99% of the time, so the parameter
-              was defaulted to <tt class="literal">PyObject</tt> for convenience. Therefore
-              we can use the shorthand <tt class="literal">handle&lt;&gt;</tt> instead
-              of the longer, but equivalent, <tt class="literal">handle&lt;PyObject&gt;</tt>.
-              </td></tr></tbody>
-</table></div>
-<a name="using_the_interpreter.running_python_code"></a><h2>
-<a name="id459217"></a>
+<a name="using_the_interpreter.running_python_code"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3151190"></a>
         Running Python code
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
-        To run Python code from C++ there is a family of functions in the API starting
-        with the PyRun prefix. You can find the full list of these functions <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html" target="_top">here</a>. They
-        all work similarly so we will look at only one of them, namely:
+        Boost.python provides three related functions to run Python code from C++.
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="identifier">PyObject</span><span class="special">*</span> <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">start</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">PyObject</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">globals</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">PyObject</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">locals</span><span class="special">)</span>
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">eval</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span> <span class="identifier">expression</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">globals</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">object</span><span class="special">(),</span> <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">locals</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">object</span><span class="special">())</span>
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">exec</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span> <span class="identifier">code</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">globals</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">object</span><span class="special">(),</span> <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">locals</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">object</span><span class="special">())</span>
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">exec_file</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span> <span class="identifier">filename</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">globals</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">object</span><span class="special">(),</span> <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">locals</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">object</span><span class="special">())</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a>
-        takes the code to execute as a null-terminated (C-style) string in its <tt class="literal">str</tt>
-        parameter. The function returns a new reference to a Python object. Which
-        object is returned depends on the <tt class="literal">start</tt> paramater.
+        eval evaluates the given expression and returns the resulting value. exec
+        executes the given code (typically a set of statements) returning the result,
+        and exec_file executes the code contained in the given file.
       </p>
 <p>
-        The <tt class="literal">start</tt> parameter is the start symbol from the Python
-        grammar to use for interpreting the code. The possible values are:
-      </p>
-<div class="informaltable">
-<h4>
-<a name="id459396"></a>
-          <span class="table-title">Start symbols</span>
-        </h4>
-<table class="table">
-<colgroup>
-<col>
-<col>
-</colgroup>
-<thead><tr>
-<th><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-58" target="_top">Py_eval_input</a></th>
-<th>for
-              interpreting isolated expressions</th>
-</tr></thead>
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-59" target="_top">Py_file_input</a></td>
-<td>for
-              interpreting sequences of statements</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-60" target="_top">Py_single_input</a></td>
-<td>for
-              interpreting a single statement</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-<p>
-        When using <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-58" target="_top">Py_eval_input</a>,
-        the input string must contain a single expression and its result is returned.
-        When using <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-59" target="_top">Py_file_input</a>,
-        the string can contain an abitrary number of statements and None is returned.
-        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-60" target="_top">Py_single_input</a>
-        works in the same way as <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-59" target="_top">Py_file_input</a>
-        but only accepts a single statement.
-      </p>
-<p>
-        Lastly, the <tt class="literal">globals</tt> and <tt class="literal">locals</tt> parameters
-        are Python dictionaries containing the globals and locals of the context
-        in which to run the code. For most intents and purposes you can use the namespace
-        dictionary of the <tt class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</tt>
+        The <code class="literal">globals</code> and <code class="literal">locals</code> parameters are
+        Python dictionaries containing the globals and locals of the context in which
+        to run the code. For most intents and purposes you can use the namespace
+        dictionary of the <code class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</code>
         module for both parameters.
       </p>
 <p>
-        We have already seen how to get the <tt class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</tt>
-        module's namespace so let's run some Python code in it:
+        Boost.python provides a function to import a module:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span><span class="special">((</span>
-    <span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">borrowed</span><span class="special">(</span><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/importing.html#l2h-125" target="_top">PyImport_AddModule</a><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__main__"</span><span class="special">)))));</span>
-
-<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__dict__"</span><span class="special">);</span>
-
-<span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">ignored</span><span class="special">((</span><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a><span class="special">(</span>
-
-    <span class="string">"hello = file('hello.txt', 'w')\n"</span>
-    <span class="string">"hello.write('Hello world!')\n"</span>
-    <span class="string">"hello.close()"</span>
-
-  <span class="special">,</span> <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-59" target="_top">Py_file_input</a>
-  <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()</span>
-  <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">())</span>
-<span class="special">));</span>
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">import</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">)</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Because the Python/C API doesn't know anything about <tt class="literal">object</tt>s,
-        we used the object's <tt class="literal">ptr</tt> member function to retrieve the
-        <tt class="literal">PyObject*</tt>.
+        import imports a python module (potentially loading it into the running process
+        first), and returns it.
       </p>
+<p>
+        Let's import the <code class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</code>
+        module and run some Python code in its namespace:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">import</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__main__"</span><span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__dict__"</span><span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">ignored</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">exec</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"hello = file('hello.txt', 'w')\n"</span>
+                      <span class="string">"hello.write('Hello world!')\n"</span>
+                      <span class="string">"hello.close()"</span><span class="special">,</span>
+                      <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">);</span>
+</pre>
 <p>
         This should create a file called 'hello.txt' in the current directory containing
         a phrase that is well-known in programming circles.
       </p>
-<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
-<colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><b>Note</b></span> that
-              we wrap the return value of <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a>
-              in a (nameless) <tt class="literal">handle</tt> even though we are not interested
-              in it. If we didn't do this, the the returned object would be kept
-              alive unnecessarily. Unless you want to be a Dr. Frankenstein, always
-              wrap <tt class="literal">PyObject*</tt>s in <tt class="literal">handle</tt>s.
-              </td></tr></tbody>
-</table></div>
-<a name="using_the_interpreter.beyond_handles"></a><h2>
-<a name="id459921"></a>
-        Beyond handles
-      </h2>
+<a name="using_the_interpreter.manipulating_python_objects"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3151717"></a>
+        Manipulating Python objects
+      </h3>
 <p>
-        It's nice that <tt class="literal">handle</tt> manages the reference counting details
-        for us, but other than that it doesn't do much. Often we'd like to have a
-        more useful class to manipulate Python objects. But we have already seen
-        such a class above, and in the <a href="object.html" target="_top">previous section</a>:
-        the aptly named <tt class="literal">object</tt> class and it's derivatives. We've
-        already seen that they can be constructed from a <tt class="literal">handle</tt>.
+        Often we'd like to have a class to manipulate Python objects. But we have
+        already seen such a class above, and in the <a href="object.html" target="_top">previous
+        section</a>: the aptly named <code class="literal">object</code> class and its
+        derivatives. We've already seen that they can be constructed from a <code class="literal">handle</code>.
         The following examples should further illustrate this fact:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span><span class="special">((</span>
-     <span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">borrowed</span><span class="special">(</span><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/importing.html#l2h-125" target="_top">PyImport_AddModule</a><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__main__"</span><span class="special">)))));</span>
-
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">import</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__main__"</span><span class="special">);</span>
 <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">main_module</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__dict__"</span><span class="special">);</span>
-
-<span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">ignored</span><span class="special">((</span><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a><span class="special">(</span>
-
-    <span class="string">"result = 5 ** 2"</span>
-
-    <span class="special">,</span> <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-59" target="_top">Py_file_input</a>
-    <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()</span>
-    <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">())</span>
-<span class="special">));</span>
-
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">ignored</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">exec</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"result = 5 ** 2"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">);</span>
 <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">five_squared</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">extract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="string">"result"</span><span class="special">]);</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Here we create a dictionary object for the <tt class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</tt>
+        Here we create a dictionary object for the <code class="literal"><span class="underline">_main</span>_</code>
         module's namespace. Then we assign 5 squared to the result variable and read
         this variable from the dictionary. Another way to achieve the same result
-        is to let <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a>
-        return the result directly with <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-58" target="_top">Py_eval_input</a>:
+        is to use eval instead, which returns the result directly:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;(</span>
-    <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"5 ** 2"</span>
-        <span class="special">,</span> <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-58" target="_top">Py_eval_input</a>
-        <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()</span>
-        <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()))</span>
-<span class="special">));</span>
-
+<span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">eval</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"5 ** 2"</span><span class="special">);</span>
 <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">five_squared</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">extract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">);</span>
 </pre>
-<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
-<colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><b>Note</b></span> that
-              <tt class="literal">object</tt>'s member function to return the wrapped
-              <tt class="literal">PyObject*</tt> is called <tt class="literal">ptr</tt> instead
-              of <tt class="literal">get</tt>. This makes sense if you take into account
-              the different functions that <tt class="literal">object</tt> and <tt class="literal">handle</tt>
-              perform. </td></tr></tbody>
-</table></div>
-<a name="using_the_interpreter.exception_handling"></a><h2>
-<a name="id460562"></a>
+<a name="using_the_interpreter.exception_handling"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3152050"></a>
         Exception handling
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
-        If an exception occurs in the execution of some Python code, the <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a>
-        function returns a null pointer. Constructing a <tt class="literal">handle</tt>
-        out of this null pointer throws <a href="../../../../v2/errors.html#error_already_set-spec" target="_top">error_already_set</a>,
-        so basically, the Python exception is automatically translated into a C++
-        exception when using <tt class="literal">handle</tt>:
+        If an exception occurs in the evaluation of the python expression, <a href="../../../../v2/errors.html#error_already_set-spec" target="_top">error_already_set</a>
+        is thrown:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">try</span>
 <span class="special">{</span>
-    <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;(</span><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a><span class="special">(</span>
-        <span class="string">"5/0"</span>
-      <span class="special">,</span> <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-58" target="_top">Py_eval_input</a>
-      <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()</span>
-      <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()))</span>
-    <span class="special">));</span>
-
+    <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">result</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">eval</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"5/0"</span><span class="special">);</span>
     <span class="comment">// execution will never get here:
 </span>    <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">five_divided_by_zero</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">extract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">);</span>
 <span class="special">}</span>
-<span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">error_already_set</span><span class="special">)</span>
+<span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">error_already_set</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;)</span>
 <span class="special">{</span>
     <span class="comment">// handle the exception in some way
 </span><span class="special">}</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        The <tt class="literal">error_already_set</tt> exception class doesn't carry any
+        The <code class="literal">error_already_set</code> exception class doesn't carry any
         information in itself. To find out more about the Python exception that occurred,
         you need to use the <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/api/exceptionHandling.html" target="_top">exception
         handling functions</a> of the Python/C API in your catch-statement. This
@@ -380,7 +240,7 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
         exceptions</a>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">error_already_set</span><span class="special">)</span>
+<span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">error_already_set</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;)</span>
 <span class="special">{</span>
     <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">PyErr_ExceptionMatches</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">PyExc_ZeroDivisionError</span><span class="special">))</span>
     <span class="special">{</span>
@@ -397,23 +257,6 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
         (To retrieve even more information from the exception you can use some of
         the other exception handling functions listed <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/api/exceptionHandling.html" target="_top">here</a>.)
       </p>
-<p>
-        If you'd rather not have <tt class="literal">handle</tt> throw a C++ exception
-        when it is constructed, you can use the <a href="../../../../v2/handle.html#allow_null-spec" target="_top">allow_null</a>
-        function in the same way you'd use borrowed:
-      </p>
-<pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="identifier">handle</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">allow_null</span><span class="special">(</span><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55" target="_top">PyRun_String</a><span class="special">(</span>
-    <span class="string">"5/0"</span>
-   <span class="special">,</span> <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-58" target="_top">Py_eval_input</a>
-   <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()</span>
-   <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">main_namespace</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">()))));</span>
-
-<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(!</span><span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">)</span>
-    <span class="comment">// Python exception occurred
-</span><span class="keyword">else</span>
-    <span class="comment">// everything went okay, it's safe to use the result
-</span></pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/exception.html

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
-<title> Exception Translation</title>
+<title>Exception Translation</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="prev" href="iterators.html" title="Iterators">
-<link rel="next" href="techniques.html" title=" General Techniques">
+<link rel="next" href="techniques.html" title="General Techniques">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
 <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/exposing.html

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
-<title> Exposing Classes</title>
+<title>Exposing Classes</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
-<link rel="prev" href="hello.html" title=" Building Hello World">
+<link rel="prev" href="hello.html" title="Building Hello World">
 <link rel="next" href="functions.html" title="Functions">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@
 <span class="special">}</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-      Here, we wrote a C++ class wrapper that exposes the member functions <tt class="literal">greet</tt>
-      and <tt class="literal">set</tt>. Now, after building our module as a shared library,
-      we may use our class <tt class="literal">World</tt> in Python. Here's a sample Python
+      Here, we wrote a C++ class wrapper that exposes the member functions <code class="literal">greet</code>
+      and <code class="literal">set</code>. Now, after building our module as a shared library,
+      we may use our class <code class="literal">World</code> in Python. Here's a sample Python
       session:
     </p>
 <p>
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
 <a name="python.constructors"></a>Constructors</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
-        Our previous example didn't have any explicit constructors. Since <tt class="literal">World</tt>
+        Our previous example didn't have any explicit constructors. Since <code class="literal">World</code>
         is declared as a plain struct, it has an implicit default constructor. Boost.Python
         exposes the default constructor by default, which is why we were able to
         write
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@
 <span class="special">};</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        This time <tt class="literal">World</tt> has no default constructor; our previous
+        This time <code class="literal">World</code> has no default constructor; our previous
         wrapping code would fail to compile when the library tried to expose it.
-        We have to tell <tt class="literal">class_&lt;World&gt;</tt> about the constructor
+        We have to tell <code class="literal">class_&lt;World&gt;</code> about the constructor
         we want to expose instead.
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -124,13 +124,13 @@
 <span class="special">}</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        <tt class="literal">init&lt;std::string&gt;()</tt> exposes the constructor taking
-        in a <tt class="literal">std::string</tt> (in Python, constructors are spelled
-        "<tt class="literal">"<span class="underline">_init</span>_"</tt>").
+        <code class="literal">init&lt;std::string&gt;()</code> exposes the constructor taking
+        in a <code class="literal">std::string</code> (in Python, constructors are spelled
+        "<code class="literal">"<span class="underline">_init</span>_"</code>").
       </p>
 <p>
-        We can expose additional constructors by passing more <tt class="literal">init&lt;...&gt;</tt>s
-        to the <tt class="literal">def()</tt> member function. Say for example we have
+        We can expose additional constructors by passing more <code class="literal">init&lt;...&gt;</code>s
+        to the <code class="literal">def()</code> member function. Say for example we have
         another World constructor taking in two doubles:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@
 </pre>
 <p>
         On the other hand, if we do not wish to expose any constructors at all, we
-        may use <tt class="literal">no_init</tt> instead:
+        may use <code class="literal">no_init</code> instead:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">class_</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Abstract</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="string">"Abstract"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">no_init</span><span class="special">)</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        This actually adds an <tt class="literal"><span class="underline">_init</span>_</tt>
+        This actually adds an <code class="literal"><span class="underline">_init</span>_</code>
         method which always raises a Python RuntimeError exception.
       </p>
 </div>
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@
 <p>
         Data members may also be exposed to Python so that they can be accessed as
         attributes of the corresponding Python class. Each data member that we wish
-        to be exposed may be regarded as <span class="bold"><b>read-only</b></span>
-        or <span class="bold"><b>read-write</b></span>. Consider this class <tt class="literal">Var</tt>:
+        to be exposed may be regarded as <span class="bold"><strong>read-only</strong></span>
+        or <span class="bold"><strong>read-write</strong></span>. Consider this class <code class="literal">Var</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">Var</span>
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
 <span class="special">};</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Our C++ <tt class="literal">Var</tt> class and its data members can be exposed
+        Our C++ <code class="literal">Var</code> class and its data members can be exposed
         to Python:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@
 <span class="identifier">pi</span> <span class="keyword">is</span> <span class="identifier">around</span> <span class="number">3.14</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Note that <tt class="literal">name</tt> is exposed as <span class="bold"><b>read-only</b></span>
-        while <tt class="literal">value</tt> is exposed as <span class="bold"><b>read-write</b></span>.
+        Note that <code class="literal">name</code> is exposed as <span class="bold"><strong>read-only</strong></span>
+        while <code class="literal">value</code> is exposed as <span class="bold"><strong>read-write</strong></span>.
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">name</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="string">'e'</span> <span class="comment"># can't change name
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
 <p>
         However, in Python attribute access is fine; it doesn't neccessarily break
         encapsulation to let users handle attributes directly, because the attributes
-        can just be a different syntax for a method call. Wrapping our <tt class="literal">Num</tt>
+        can just be a different syntax for a method call. Wrapping our <code class="literal">Num</code>
         class using Boost.Python:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -245,8 +245,8 @@
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">rovalue</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">2.17</span> <span class="comment"># error!
 </span></pre>
 <p>
-        Take note that the class property <tt class="literal">rovalue</tt> is exposed as
-        <span class="bold"><b>read-only</b></span> since the <tt class="literal">rovalue</tt>
+        Take note that the class property <code class="literal">rovalue</code> is exposed as
+        <span class="bold"><strong>read-only</strong></span> since the <code class="literal">rovalue</code>
         setter member function is not passed in:
       </p>
 <p>
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
 <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        And a set of C++ functions operating on <tt class="literal">Base</tt> and <tt class="literal">Derived</tt>
+        And a set of C++ functions operating on <code class="literal">Base</code> and <code class="literal">Derived</code>
         object instances:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
 <span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">factory</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        We've seen how we can wrap the base class <tt class="literal">Base</tt>:
+        We've seen how we can wrap the base class <code class="literal">Base</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">class_</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="string">"Base"</span><span class="special">)</span>
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@
     <span class="special">;</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Now we can inform Boost.Python of the inheritance relationship between <tt class="literal">Derived</tt>
-        and its base class <tt class="literal">Base</tt>. Thus:
+        Now we can inform Boost.Python of the inheritance relationship between <code class="literal">Derived</code>
+        and its base class <code class="literal">Base</code>. Thus:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">class_</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">bases</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="string">"Derived"</span><span class="special">)</span>
@@ -307,15 +307,15 @@
           member functions)
         </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>If</b></span> Base is polymorphic, <tt class="literal">Derived</tt>
+<span class="bold"><strong>If</strong></span> Base is polymorphic, <code class="literal">Derived</code>
           objects which have been passed to Python via a pointer or reference to
-          <tt class="literal">Base</tt> can be passed where a pointer or reference to
-          <tt class="literal">Derived</tt> is expected.
+          <code class="literal">Base</code> can be passed where a pointer or reference to
+          <code class="literal">Derived</code> is expected.
         </li>
 </ol></div>
 <p>
-        Now, we shall expose the C++ free functions <tt class="literal">b</tt> and <tt class="literal">d</tt>
-        and <tt class="literal">factory</tt>:
+        Now, we shall expose the C++ free functions <code class="literal">b</code> and <code class="literal">d</code>
+        and <code class="literal">factory</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"b"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">);</span>
@@ -323,11 +323,11 @@
 <span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"factory"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">factory</span><span class="special">);</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Note that free function <tt class="literal">factory</tt> is being used to generate
-        new instances of class <tt class="literal">Derived</tt>. In such cases, we use
-        <tt class="literal">return_value_policy&lt;manage_new_object&gt;</tt> to instruct
-        Python to adopt the pointer to <tt class="literal">Base</tt> and hold the instance
-        in a new Python <tt class="literal">Base</tt> object until the the Python object
+        Note that free function <code class="literal">factory</code> is being used to generate
+        new instances of class <code class="literal">Derived</code>. In such cases, we use
+        <code class="literal">return_value_policy&lt;manage_new_object&gt;</code> to instruct
+        Python to adopt the pointer to <code class="literal">Base</code> and hold the instance
+        in a new Python <code class="literal">Base</code> object until the the Python object
         is destroyed. We shall see more of Boost.Python <a href="functions.html#python.call_policies" title="Call Policies">call
         policies</a> later.
       </p>
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
 <p>
         In this section, we shall learn how to make functions behave polymorphically
         through virtual functions. Continuing our example, let us add a virtual function
-        to our <tt class="literal">Base</tt> class:
+        to our <code class="literal">Base</code> class:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span>
@@ -356,11 +356,11 @@
         One of the goals of Boost.Python is to be minimally intrusive on an existing
         C++ design. In principle, it should be possible to expose the interface for
         a 3rd party library without changing it. It is not ideal to add anything
-        to our class <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></tt>. Yet, when
+        to our class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code>. Yet, when
         you have a virtual function that's going to be overridden in Python and called
-        polymorphically <span class="bold"><b>from C++</b></span>, we'll need to
+        polymorphically <span class="bold"><strong>from C++</strong></span>, we'll need to
         add some scaffoldings to make things work properly. What we'll do is write
-        a class wrapper that derives from <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></tt>
+        a class wrapper that derives from <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code>
         that will unintrusively hook into the virtual functions so that a Python
         override may be called:
       </p>
@@ -374,24 +374,24 @@
 <span class="special">};</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Notice too that in addition to inheriting from <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></tt>,
-        we also multiply- inherited <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wrapper</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></tt> (See <a href="../../../../v2/wrapper.html" target="_top">Wrapper</a>).
-        The <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wrapper</span></tt> template makes
+        Notice too that in addition to inheriting from <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code>,
+        we also multiply- inherited <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wrapper</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> (See <a href="../../../../v2/wrapper.html" target="_top">Wrapper</a>).
+        The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wrapper</span></code> template makes
         the job of wrapping classes that are meant to overridden in Python, easier.
       </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><b>MSVC6/7 Workaround</b></span><br>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>MSVC6/7 Workaround</strong></span><br>
               <br> If you are using Microsoft Visual C++ 6 or 7, you have to write
-              <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></tt> as:<br> <br>
-              <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="keyword">this</span><span class="special">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier">get_override</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"f"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></tt>.</td></tr></tbody>
+              <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> as:<br> <br>
+              <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="keyword">this</span><span class="special">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier">get_override</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"f"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></code>.</td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
 <p>
-        BaseWrap's overridden virtual member function <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></tt>
-        in effect calls the corresponding method of the Python object through <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">get_override</span></tt>.
+        BaseWrap's overridden virtual member function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>
+        in effect calls the corresponding method of the Python object through <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">get_override</span></code>.
       </p>
 <p>
-        Finally, exposing <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></tt>:
+        Finally, exposing <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">class_</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">BaseWrap</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">noncopyable</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="string">"Base"</span><span class="special">)</span>
@@ -399,16 +399,16 @@
     <span class="special">;</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pure_virtual</span></tt> signals Boost.Python
-        that the function <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></tt> is a
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pure_virtual</span></code> signals Boost.Python
+        that the function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> is a
         pure virtual function.
       </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><b>member function and
-              methods</b></span><br> <br> Python, like many object oriented languages
-              uses the term <span class="bold"><b>methods</b></span>. Methods correspond
-              roughly to C++'s <span class="bold"><b>member functions</b></span>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>member function and
+              methods</strong></span><br> <br> Python, like many object oriented languages
+              uses the term <span class="bold"><strong>methods</strong></span>. Methods correspond
+              roughly to C++'s <span class="bold"><strong>member functions</strong></span>
 </td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
 </div>
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
 <p>
         We've seen in the previous section how classes with pure virtual functions
         are wrapped using Boost.Python's <a href="../../../../v2/wrapper.html" target="_top">class
-        wrapper</a> facilities. If we wish to wrap <span class="bold"><b>non</b></span>-pure-virtual
+        wrapper</a> facilities. If we wish to wrap <span class="bold"><strong>non</strong></span>-pure-virtual
         functions instead, the mechanism is a bit different.
       </p>
 <p>
@@ -433,8 +433,8 @@
 <span class="special">};</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        had a pure virtual function <tt class="literal">f</tt>. If, however, its member
-        function <tt class="literal">f</tt> was not declared as pure virtual:
+        had a pure virtual function <code class="literal">f</code>. If, however, its member
+        function <code class="literal">f</code> was not declared as pure virtual:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span>
@@ -460,15 +460,15 @@
 <span class="special">};</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Notice how we implemented <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BaseWrap</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">f</span></tt>. Now,
-        we have to check if there is an override for <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></tt>.
-        If none, then we call <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">()</span></tt>.
+        Notice how we implemented <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BaseWrap</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">f</span></code>. Now,
+        we have to check if there is an override for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>.
+        If none, then we call <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">()</span></code>.
       </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><b>MSVC6/7 Workaround</b></span><br>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>MSVC6/7 Workaround</strong></span><br>
               <br> If you are using Microsoft Visual C++ 6 or 7, you have to rewrite
-              the line with the <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">note</span><span class="special">*</span></tt> as:<br> <br> <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></tt>.</td></tr></tbody>
+              the line with the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">note</span><span class="special">*</span></code> as:<br> <br> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></code>.</td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
 <p>
         Finally, exposing:
@@ -479,10 +479,10 @@
     <span class="special">;</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Take note that we expose both <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">f</span></tt> and <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">BaseWrap</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">default_f</span></tt>. Boost.Python needs to keep track
-        of 1) the dispatch function <tt class="literal">f</tt> and 2) the forwarding function
-        to its default implementation <tt class="literal">default_f</tt>. There's a special
-        <tt class="literal">def</tt> function for this purpose.
+        Take note that we expose both <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">f</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">BaseWrap</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">default_f</span></code>. Boost.Python needs to keep track
+        of 1) the dispatch function <code class="literal">f</code> and 2) the forwarding function
+        to its default implementation <code class="literal">default_f</code>. There's a special
+        <code class="literal">def</code> function for this purpose.
       </p>
 <p>
         In Python, the results would be as expected:
@@ -498,14 +498,14 @@
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">derived</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">()</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Calling <tt class="literal">base.f()</tt>:
+        Calling <code class="literal">base.f()</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">base</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">()</span>
 <span class="number">0</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Calling <tt class="literal">derived.f()</tt>:
+        Calling <code class="literal">derived.f()</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">derived</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">()</span>
@@ -515,17 +515,17 @@
 <div class="section" lang="en">
 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
 <a name="python.class_operators_special_functions"></a>Class Operators/Special Functions</h3></div></div></div>
-<a name="class_operators_special_functions.python_operators"></a><h2>
-<a name="id448928"></a>
+<a name="class_operators_special_functions.python_operators"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3142031"></a>
         Python Operators
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
         C is well known for the abundance of operators. C++ extends this to the extremes
         by allowing operator overloading. Boost.Python takes advantage of this and
         makes it easy to wrap C++ operator-powered classes.
       </p>
 <p>
-        Consider a file position class <tt class="literal">FilePos</tt> and a set of operators
+        Consider a file position class <code class="literal">FilePos</code> and a set of operators
         that take on FilePos instances:
       </p>
 <p>
@@ -558,16 +558,16 @@
 <p>
         The code snippet above is very clear and needs almost no explanation at all.
         It is virtually the same as the operators' signatures. Just take note that
-        <tt class="literal">self</tt> refers to FilePos object. Also, not every class
-        <tt class="literal">T</tt> that you might need to interact with in an operator
-        expression is (cheaply) default-constructible. You can use <tt class="literal">other&lt;T&gt;()</tt>
-        in place of an actual <tt class="literal">T</tt> instance when writing "self
+        <code class="literal">self</code> refers to FilePos object. Also, not every class
+        <code class="literal">T</code> that you might need to interact with in an operator
+        expression is (cheaply) default-constructible. You can use <code class="literal">other&lt;T&gt;()</code>
+        in place of an actual <code class="literal">T</code> instance when writing "self
         expressions".
       </p>
-<a name="class_operators_special_functions.special_methods"></a><h2>
-<a name="id449680"></a>
+<a name="class_operators_special_functions.special_methods"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3142715"></a>
         Special Methods
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
         Python has a few more <span class="emphasis"><em>Special Methods</em></span>. Boost.Python
         supports all of the standard special method names supported by real Python
@@ -595,8 +595,8 @@
       </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> What is the business of <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></tt>? Well, the method <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">str</span></tt> requires the <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></tt> to do its work (i.e. <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></tt>
-              is used by the method defined by <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">self</span><span class="special">))</span></tt>.</td></tr></tbody>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> What is the business of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code>? Well, the method <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">str</span></code> requires the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code> to do its work (i.e. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code>
+              is used by the method defined by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">self</span><span class="special">))</span></code>.</td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
 </div>
 </div>

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/functions.html

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
 <title>Functions</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
-<link rel="prev" href="exposing.html" title=" Exposing Classes">
-<link rel="next" href="object.html" title=" Object Interface">
+<link rel="prev" href="exposing.html" title="Exposing Classes">
+<link rel="next" href="object.html" title="Object Interface">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
 <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
       </p></blockquote></div>
 <p>
       But before you do, you might want to fire up Python 2.2 or later and type
-      <tt class="literal">&gt;&gt;&gt; import this</tt>.
+      <code class="literal">&gt;&gt;&gt; import this</code>.
     </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">&gt;&gt;&gt; import this
 The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
 There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it
 Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
 Now is better than never.
-Although never is often better than <span class="bold"><b>right</b></span> now.
+Although never is often better than <span class="bold"><strong>right</strong></span> now.
 If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
 If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
 Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
@@ -120,19 +120,19 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
       </p>
 <div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
 <li>
-<tt class="literal">f</tt> is called passing in a reference to <tt class="literal">y</tt>
-          and a pointer to <tt class="literal">z</tt>
+<code class="literal">f</code> is called passing in a reference to <code class="literal">y</code>
+          and a pointer to <code class="literal">z</code>
 </li>
 <li>
-          A reference to <tt class="literal">y.x</tt> is returned
+          A reference to <code class="literal">y.x</code> is returned
         </li>
 <li>
-<tt class="literal">y</tt> is deleted. <tt class="literal">x</tt> is a dangling reference
+<code class="literal">y</code> is deleted. <code class="literal">x</code> is a dangling reference
         </li>
 <li>
-<tt class="literal">x.some_method()</tt> is called
+<code class="literal">x.some_method()</code> is called
         </li>
-<li><span class="bold"><b>BOOM!</b></span></li>
+<li><span class="bold"><strong>BOOM!</strong></span></li>
 </ol></div>
 <p>
         We could copy result into a new object:
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
 <span class="special">};</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Notice that the data member <tt class="literal">z</tt> is held by class Y using
+        Notice that the data member <code class="literal">z</code> is held by class Y using
         a raw pointer. Now we have a potential dangling pointer problem inside Y:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">z_value</span><span class="special">()</span> # <span class="identifier">CRASH</span><span class="special">!</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        For reference, here's the implementation of <tt class="literal">f</tt> again:
+        For reference, here's the implementation of <code class="literal">f</code> again:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">X</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Y</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Z</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">)</span>
@@ -185,33 +185,33 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
       </p>
 <div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
 <li>
-<tt class="literal">f</tt> is called passing in a reference to <tt class="literal">y</tt>
-          and a pointer to <tt class="literal">z</tt>
+<code class="literal">f</code> is called passing in a reference to <code class="literal">y</code>
+          and a pointer to <code class="literal">z</code>
 </li>
 <li>
-          A pointer to <tt class="literal">z</tt> is held by <tt class="literal">y</tt>
+          A pointer to <code class="literal">z</code> is held by <code class="literal">y</code>
 </li>
 <li>
-          A reference to <tt class="literal">y.x</tt> is returned
+          A reference to <code class="literal">y.x</code> is returned
         </li>
 <li>
-<tt class="literal">z</tt> is deleted. <tt class="literal">y.z</tt> is a dangling pointer
+<code class="literal">z</code> is deleted. <code class="literal">y.z</code> is a dangling pointer
         </li>
 <li>
-<tt class="literal">y.z_value()</tt> is called
+<code class="literal">y.z_value()</code> is called
         </li>
 <li>
-<tt class="literal">z-&gt;value()</tt> is called
+<code class="literal">z-&gt;value()</code> is called
         </li>
-<li><span class="bold"><b>BOOM!</b></span></li>
+<li><span class="bold"><strong>BOOM!</strong></span></li>
 </ol></div>
-<a name="call_policies.call_policies"></a><h2>
-<a name="id451559"></a>
+<a name="call_policies.call_policies"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3144432"></a>
         Call Policies
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
         Call Policies may be used in situations such as the example detailed above.
-        In our example, <tt class="literal">return_internal_reference</tt> and <tt class="literal">with_custodian_and_ward</tt>
+        In our example, <code class="literal">return_internal_reference</code> and <code class="literal">with_custodian_and_ward</code>
         are our friends:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -220,27 +220,27 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
         <span class="identifier">with_custodian_and_ward</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">&gt;());</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        What are the <tt class="literal">1</tt> and <tt class="literal">2</tt> parameters, you
+        What are the <code class="literal">1</code> and <code class="literal">2</code> parameters, you
         ask?
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">return_internal_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="number">1</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Informs Boost.Python that the first argument, in our case <tt class="literal">Y&amp;
-        y</tt>, is the owner of the returned reference: <tt class="literal">X&amp;</tt>.
-        The "<tt class="literal">1</tt>" simply specifies the first argument.
-        In short: "return an internal reference <tt class="literal">X&amp;</tt> owned
-        by the 1st argument <tt class="literal">Y&amp; y</tt>".
+        Informs Boost.Python that the first argument, in our case <code class="literal">Y&amp;
+        y</code>, is the owner of the returned reference: <code class="literal">X&amp;</code>.
+        The "<code class="literal">1</code>" simply specifies the first argument.
+        In short: "return an internal reference <code class="literal">X&amp;</code> owned
+        by the 1st argument <code class="literal">Y&amp; y</code>".
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">with_custodian_and_ward</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
         Informs Boost.Python that the lifetime of the argument indicated by ward
-        (i.e. the 2nd argument: <tt class="literal">Z* z</tt>) is dependent on the lifetime
-        of the argument indicated by custodian (i.e. the 1st argument: <tt class="literal">Y&amp;
-        y</tt>).
+        (i.e. the 2nd argument: <code class="literal">Z* z</code>) is dependent on the lifetime
+        of the argument indicated by custodian (i.e. the 1st argument: <code class="literal">Y&amp;
+        y</code>).
       </p>
 <p>
         It is also important to note that we have defined two policies above. Two
@@ -257,39 +257,39 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
       </p>
 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>with_custodian_and_ward</b></span><br> Ties lifetimes
+<span class="bold"><strong>with_custodian_and_ward</strong></span><br> Ties lifetimes
           of the arguments
         </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</b></span><br>
+<span class="bold"><strong>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</strong></span><br>
           Ties lifetimes of the arguments and results
         </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>return_internal_reference</b></span><br> Ties lifetime
+<span class="bold"><strong>return_internal_reference</strong></span><br> Ties lifetime
           of one argument to that of result
         </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>return_value_policy&lt;T&gt; with T one of:</b></span><br>
+<span class="bold"><strong>return_value_policy&lt;T&gt; with T one of:</strong></span><br>
 </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>reference_existing_object</b></span><br> naive
+<span class="bold"><strong>reference_existing_object</strong></span><br> naive
           (dangerous) approach
         </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>copy_const_reference</b></span><br> Boost.Python
+<span class="bold"><strong>copy_const_reference</strong></span><br> Boost.Python
           v1 approach
         </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>copy_non_const_reference</b></span><br>
+<span class="bold"><strong>copy_non_const_reference</strong></span><br>
 </li>
 <li>
-<span class="bold"><b>manage_new_object</b></span><br> Adopt a pointer
+<span class="bold"><strong>manage_new_object</strong></span><br> Adopt a pointer
           and hold the instance
         </li>
 </ul></div>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/smiley.png" alt="smiley"></span> <span class="bold"><b>Remember the Zen, Luke:</b></span><br>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/smiley.png" alt="smiley"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Remember the Zen, Luke:</strong></span><br>
               <br> "Explicit is better than implicit"<br> "In
               the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess"<br>
               </td></tr></tbody>
@@ -355,21 +355,21 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
 <a name="python.default_arguments"></a>Default Arguments</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
         Boost.Python wraps (member) function pointers. Unfortunately, C++ function
-        pointers carry no default argument info. Take a function <tt class="literal">f</tt>
+        pointers carry no default argument info. Take a function <code class="literal">f</code>
         with default arguments:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">3.14</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="string">"hello"</span><span class="special">);</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        But the type of a pointer to the function <tt class="literal">f</tt> has no information
+        But the type of a pointer to the function <code class="literal">f</code> has no information
         about its default arguments:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(*</span><span class="identifier">g</span><span class="special">)(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*)</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">;</span>    <span class="comment">// defaults lost!
 </span></pre>
 <p>
-        When we pass this function pointer to the <tt class="literal">def</tt> function,
+        When we pass this function pointer to the <code class="literal">def</code> function,
         there is no way to retrieve the default arguments:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -403,10 +403,10 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
           are overloaded with a common sequence of initial arguments
         </li>
 </ul></div>
-<a name="default_arguments.boost_python_function_overloads"></a><h2>
-<a name="id453611"></a>
+<a name="default_arguments.boost_python_function_overloads"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3146300"></a>
         BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
         Boost.Python now has a way to make it easier. For instance, given a function:
       </p>
@@ -424,19 +424,19 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
 </pre>
 <p>
         will automatically create the thin wrappers for us. This macro will create
-        a class <tt class="literal">foo_overloads</tt> that can be passed on to <tt class="literal">def(...)</tt>.
+        a class <code class="literal">foo_overloads</code> that can be passed on to <code class="literal">def(...)</code>.
         The third and fourth macro argument are the minimum arguments and maximum
-        arguments, respectively. In our <tt class="literal">foo</tt> function the minimum
-        number of arguments is 1 and the maximum number of arguments is 4. The <tt class="literal">def(...)</tt>
+        arguments, respectively. In our <code class="literal">foo</code> function the minimum
+        number of arguments is 1 and the maximum number of arguments is 4. The <code class="literal">def(...)</code>
         function will automatically add all the foo variants for us:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"foo"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">foo_overloads</span><span class="special">());</span>
 </pre>
-<a name="default_arguments.boost_python_member_function_overloads"></a><h2>
-<a name="id453927"></a>
+<a name="default_arguments.boost_python_member_function_overloads"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3146587"></a>
         BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
         Objects here, objects there, objects here there everywhere. More frequently
         than anything else, we need to expose member functions of our classes to
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
         play. Another macro is provided to make this a breeze.
       </p>
 <p>
-        Like <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</tt>, <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</tt>
+        Like <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</code>, <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</code>
         may be used to automatically create the thin wrappers for wrapping member
         functions. Let's have an example:
       </p>
@@ -466,11 +466,11 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
 <span class="identifier">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">george_overloads</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">wack_em</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">)</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        will generate a set of thin wrappers for george's <tt class="literal">wack_em</tt>
+        will generate a set of thin wrappers for george's <code class="literal">wack_em</code>
         member function accepting a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 3 arguments (i.e.
         the third and fourth macro argument). The thin wrappers are all enclosed
-        in a class named <tt class="literal">george_overloads</tt> that can then be used
-        as an argument to <tt class="literal">def(...)</tt>:
+        in a class named <code class="literal">george_overloads</code> that can then be used
+        as an argument to <code class="literal">def(...)</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"wack_em"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">george</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">wack_em</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">george_overloads</span><span class="special">());</span>
@@ -479,13 +479,13 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
         See the <a href="../../../../v2/overloads.html#BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS-spec" target="_top">overloads
         reference</a> for details.
       </p>
-<a name="default_arguments.init_and_optional"></a><h2>
-<a name="id454288"></a>
+<a name="default_arguments.init_and_optional"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3146923"></a>
         init and optional
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
         A similar facility is provided for class constructors, again, with default
-        arguments or a sequence of overloads. Remember <tt class="literal">init&lt;...&gt;</tt>?
+        arguments or a sequence of overloads. Remember <code class="literal">init&lt;...&gt;</code>?
         For example, given a class X with a constructor:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
 <span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">init</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">&gt;())</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Notice the use of <tt class="literal">init&lt;...&gt;</tt> and <tt class="literal">optional&lt;...&gt;</tt>
+        Notice the use of <code class="literal">init&lt;...&gt;</code> and <code class="literal">optional&lt;...&gt;</code>
         to signify the default (optional arguments).
       </p>
 </div>
@@ -510,8 +510,8 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
 <a name="python.auto_overloading"></a>Auto-Overloading</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
-        It was mentioned in passing in the previous section that <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</tt>
-        and <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</tt> can also be
+        It was mentioned in passing in the previous section that <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</code>
+        and <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</code> can also be
         used for overloaded functions and member functions with a common sequence
         of initial arguments. Here is an example:
       </p>
@@ -547,30 +547,30 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
         Then...
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
-<span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"foo"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">foo_overloads</span><span class="special">());</span>
+<span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"foo"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">))</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">foo_overloads</span><span class="special">());</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
         Notice though that we have a situation now where we have a minimum of zero
         (0) arguments and a maximum of 3 arguments.
       </p>
-<a name="auto_overloading.manual_wrapping"></a><h2>
-<a name="id455013"></a>
+<a name="auto_overloading.manual_wrapping"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3147627"></a>
         Manual Wrapping
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
-        It is important to emphasize however that <span class="bold"><b>the overloaded
-        functions must have a common sequence of initial arguments</b></span>. Otherwise,
+        It is important to emphasize however that <span class="bold"><strong>the overloaded
+        functions must have a common sequence of initial arguments</strong></span>. Otherwise,
         our scheme above will not work. If this is not the case, we have to wrap
         our functions <a href="functions.html#python.overloading" title="Overloading">manually</a>.
       </p>
 <p>
         Actually, we can mix and match manual wrapping of overloaded functions and
-        automatic wrapping through <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</tt>
-        and its sister, <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</tt>. Following
+        automatic wrapping through <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</code>
+        and its sister, <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</code>. Following
         up on our example presented in the section <a href="functions.html#python.overloading" title="Overloading">on
         overloading</a>, since the first 4 overload functins have a common sequence
-        of initial arguments, we can use <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</tt>
-        to automatically wrap the first three of the <tt class="literal">def</tt>s and
+        of initial arguments, we can use <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS</code>
+        to automatically wrap the first three of the <code class="literal">def</code>s and
         manually wrap just the last. Here's how we'll do this:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/hello.html

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
-<title> Building Hello World</title>
+<title>Building Hello World</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
-<link rel="next" href="exposing.html" title=" Exposing Classes">
+<link rel="next" href="exposing.html" title="Exposing Classes">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
 <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
@@ -25,22 +25,22 @@
 <div class="section" lang="en">
 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
 <a name="python.hello"></a> Building Hello World</h2></div></div></div>
-<a name="hello.from_start_to_finish"></a><h2>
-<a name="id373240"></a>
+<a name="hello.from_start_to_finish"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3091224"></a>
       From Start To Finish
-    </h2>
+    </h3>
 <p>
       Now the first thing you'd want to do is to build the Hello World module and
       try it for yourself in Python. In this section, we shall outline the steps
       necessary to achieve that. We shall use the build tool that comes bundled with
-      every boost distribution: <span class="bold"><b>bjam</b></span>.
+      every boost distribution: <span class="bold"><strong>bjam</strong></span>.
     </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><b>Building without bjam</b></span><br>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Building without bjam</strong></span><br>
             <br> Besides bjam, there are of course other ways to get your module
             built. What's written here should not be taken as "the one and only
-            way". There are of course other build tools apart from <tt class="literal">bjam</tt>.<br>
+            way". There are of course other build tools apart from <code class="literal">bjam</code>.<br>
             <br> Take note however that the preferred build tool for Boost.Python
             is bjam. There are so many ways to set up the build incorrectly. Experience
             shows that 90% of the "I can't build Boost.Python" problems
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
       if you are on Unix.
     </p>
 <p>
-      The tutorial example can be found in the directory: <tt class="literal">libs/python/example/tutorial</tt>.
+      The tutorial example can be found in the directory: <code class="literal">libs/python/example/tutorial</code>.
       There, you can find:
     </p>
 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
@@ -88,20 +88,20 @@
       </li>
 </ul></div>
 <p>
-      The <tt class="literal">hello.cpp</tt> file is our C++ hello world example. The
-      <tt class="literal">Jamfile</tt> is a minimalist <span class="emphasis"><em>bjam</em></span> script
+      The <code class="literal">hello.cpp</code> file is our C++ hello world example. The
+      <code class="literal">Jamfile</code> is a minimalist <span class="emphasis"><em>bjam</em></span> script
       that builds the DLLs for us.
     </p>
 <p>
       Before anything else, you should have the bjam executable in your boost directory
-      or somewhere in your path such that <tt class="literal">bjam</tt> can be executed
+      or somewhere in your path such that <code class="literal">bjam</code> can be executed
       in the command line. Pre-built Boost.Jam executables are available for most
       platforms. The complete list of Bjam executables can be found <a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586" target="_top">here</a>.
     </p>
-<a name="hello.let_s_jam_"></a><h2>
-<a name="id373448"></a>
+<a name="hello.let_s_jam_"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3091427"></a>
       Let's Jam!
-    </h2>
+    </h3>
 <p>
       <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/jam.png" alt="jam"></span>
     </p>
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ extension hello                     # Declare a Python extension called hello
 </pre>
 <p>
       First, we need to specify our location. You may place your project anywhere.
-      <tt class="literal">project-root</tt> allows you to do that.
+      <code class="literal">project-root</code> allows you to do that.
     </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">project-root ;
 </pre>
 <p>
       By doing so, you'll need a Jamrules file. Simply copy the one in the <a href="../../../../../example/tutorial/Jamrules" target="_top">example/tutorial directory</a>
-      and tweak the <tt class="literal">path-global BOOST_ROOT</tt> to where your boost
+      and tweak the <code class="literal">path-global BOOST_ROOT</code> to where your boost
       root directory is. The file has <a href="../../../../../example/tutorial/Jamrules" target="_top">detailed
       instructions</a> you can follow.
     </p>
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ extension hello                     # Declare a Python extension called hello
 <pre class="programlisting">import python ;
 </pre>
 <p>
-      Finally we declare our <tt class="literal">hello</tt> extension:
+      Finally we declare our <code class="literal">hello</code> extension:
     </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">extension hello                     # Declare a Python extension called hello
 :   hello.cpp                       # source
@@ -149,10 +149,10 @@ extension hello                     # Declare a Python extension called hello
 <p>
       The last part tells BJam that we are depending on the Boost Python Library.
     </p>
-<a name="hello.running_bjam"></a><h2>
-<a name="id373586"></a>
+<a name="hello.running_bjam"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3091556"></a>
       Running bjam
-    </h2>
+    </h3>
 <p>
       <span class="emphasis"><em>bjam</em></span> is run using your operating system's command line
       interpreter.
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ extension hello                     # Declare a Python extension called hello
       </p></blockquote></div>
 <p>
       Make sure that the environment is set so that we can invoke the C++ compiler.
-      With MSVC, that would mean running the <tt class="literal">Vcvars32.bat</tt> batch
+      With MSVC, that would mean running the <code class="literal">Vcvars32.bat</code> batch
       file. For instance:
     </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\Common7\Tools\vsvars32.bat
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ extension hello                     # Declare a Python extension called hello
 set PYTHON_VERSION=2.2
 </pre>
 <p>
-      The above assumes that the Python installation is in <tt class="literal">c:/dev/tools/python</tt>
+      The above assumes that the Python installation is in <code class="literal">c:/dev/tools/python</code>
       and that we are using Python version 2.2. You'll have to tweak these appropriately.
     </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/tip.png" alt="tip"></span> Be sure not to include a third number, e.g. <span class="bold"><b>not</b></span> "2.2.1", even if that's the version
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/tip.png" alt="tip"></span> Be sure not to include a third number, e.g. <span class="bold"><strong>not</strong></span> "2.2.1", even if that's the version
             you have.</td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
 <p>
@@ -189,8 +189,8 @@ set PYTHON_VERSION=2.2
       instructions</a> you can follow.
     </p>
 <p>
-      Now we are ready... Be sure to <tt class="literal">cd</tt> to <tt class="literal">libs/python/example/tutorial</tt>
-      where the tutorial <tt class="literal">"hello.cpp"</tt> and the <tt class="literal">"Jamfile"</tt>
+      Now we are ready... Be sure to <code class="literal">cd</code> to <code class="literal">libs/python/example/tutorial</code>
+      where the tutorial <code class="literal">"hello.cpp"</code> and the <code class="literal">"Jamfile"</code>
       is situated.
     </p>
 <p>
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ b and object bin\tutorial\hello.pyd\vc-7_1\debug\threading-multi\hello.exp
       if you are on Unix.
     </p>
 <p>
-      <tt class="literal">boost_python.dll</tt> and <tt class="literal">hello.pyd</tt> can be
-      found somewhere in your project's <tt class="literal">bin</tt> directory. After a
+      <code class="literal">boost_python.dll</code> and <code class="literal">hello.pyd</code> can be
+      found somewhere in your project's <code class="literal">bin</code> directory. After a
       successful build, you make it possible for the system to find boost_python.dll
       or libboost_python.so (usually done with LD_LIBRARY_PATH, DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH,
       or some other variable on *nix and with PATH on Windows) and for Python to
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ b and object bin\tutorial\hello.pyd\vc-7_1\debug\threading-multi\hello.exp
 <p>
     </p>
 <div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
-        <span class="bold"><b>There you go... Have fun!</b></span>
+        <span class="bold"><strong>There you go... Have fun!</strong></span>
       </p></blockquote></div>
 </div>
 <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/iterators.html

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
 <title>Iterators</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="prev" href="embedding.html" title="Embedding">
-<link rel="next" href="exception.html" title=" Exception Translation">
+<link rel="next" href="exception.html" title="Exception Translation">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
 <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
       iterators, but these are two very different beasts.
     </p>
 <p>
-      <span class="bold"><b>C++ iterators:</b></span>
+      <span class="bold"><strong>C++ iterators:</strong></span>
     </p>
 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
 <li>
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
       </li>
 </ul></div>
 <p>
-      <span class="bold"><b>Python Iterators:</b></span>
+      <span class="bold"><strong>Python Iterators:</strong></span>
     </p>
 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
 <li>
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@
       </li>
 </ul></div>
 <p>
-      The typical Python iteration protocol: <tt class="literal"><span class="bold"><b>for y
-      in x...</b></span></tt> is as follows:
+      The typical Python iteration protocol: <code class="literal"><span class="bold"><strong>for y
+      in x...</strong></span></code> is as follows:
     </p>
 <p>
     </p>
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 </span></pre>
 <p>
       Boost.Python provides some mechanisms to make C++ iterators play along nicely
-      as Python iterators. What we need to do is to produce appropriate <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">__iter__</span></tt> function from C++ iterators that
+      as Python iterators. What we need to do is to produce appropriate <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">__iter__</span></code> function from C++ iterators that
       is compatible with the Python iteration protocol. For example:
     </p>
 <p>
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 <span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__iter__"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">iterator</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">&gt;())</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-      <span class="bold"><b>range</b></span>
+      <span class="bold"><strong>range</strong></span>
     </p>
 <p>
       We can create a Python savvy iterator using the range function:
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@
       </li>
 </ul></div>
 <p>
-      <span class="bold"><b>iterator</b></span>
+      <span class="bold"><strong>iterator</strong></span>
     </p>
 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li>
         iterator&lt;T, Policies&gt;()
       </li></ul></div>
 <p>
-      Given a container <tt class="literal">T</tt>, iterator is a shortcut that simply
-      calls <tt class="literal">range</tt> with &amp;T::begin, &amp;T::end.
+      Given a container <code class="literal">T</code>, iterator is a shortcut that simply
+      calls <code class="literal">range</code> with &amp;T::begin, &amp;T::end.
     </p>
 <p>
       Let's put this into action... Here's an example from some hypothetical bogon
@@ -152,14 +152,14 @@
     <span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">property</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"bogons"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">range</span><span class="special">(&amp;</span><span class="identifier">F</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">b_begin</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">F</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">b_end</span><span class="special">));</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-      <span class="bold"><b>stl_input_iterator</b></span>
+      <span class="bold"><strong>stl_input_iterator</strong></span>
     </p>
 <p>
       So far, we have seen how to expose C++ iterators and ranges to Python. Sometimes
       we wish to go the other way, though: we'd like to pass a Python sequence to
       an STL algorithm or use it to initialize an STL container. We need to make
-      a Python iterator look like an STL iterator. For that, we use <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">stl_input_iterator</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></tt>.
-      Consider how we might implement a function that exposes <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">list</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">assign</span><span class="special">()</span></tt> to Python:
+      a Python iterator look like an STL iterator. For that, we use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">stl_input_iterator</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>.
+      Consider how we might implement a function that exposes <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">list</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">assign</span><span class="special">()</span></code> to Python:
     </p>
 <p>
     </p>
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
 </span>    <span class="special">;</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-      Now in Python, we can assign any integer sequence to <tt class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">list_int</span></tt>
+      Now in Python, we can assign any integer sequence to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">list_int</span></code>
       objects:
     </p>
 <p>

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/object.html

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
-<title> Object Interface</title>
+<title>Object Interface</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="prev" href="functions.html" title="Functions">
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@
       Python is dynamically typed, unlike C++ which is statically typed. Python variables
       may hold an integer, a float, list, dict, tuple, str, long etc., among other
       things. In the viewpoint of Boost.Python and C++, these Pythonic variables
-      are just instances of class <tt class="literal">object</tt>. We shall see in this
+      are just instances of class <code class="literal">object</code>. We shall see in this
       chapter how to deal with Python objects.
     </p>
 <p>
       As mentioned, one of the goals of Boost.Python is to provide a bidirectional
       mapping between C++ and Python while maintaining the Python feel. Boost.Python
-      C++ <tt class="literal">object</tt>s are as close as possible to Python. This should
+      C++ <code class="literal">object</code>s are as close as possible to Python. This should
       minimize the learning curve significantly.
     </p>
 <p>
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@
 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
 <a name="python.basic_interface"></a>Basic Interface</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
-        Class <tt class="literal">object</tt> wraps <tt class="literal">PyObject*</tt>. All the
-        intricacies of dealing with <tt class="literal">PyObject</tt>s such as managing
-        reference counting are handled by the <tt class="literal">object</tt> class. C++
-        object interoperability is seamless. Boost.Python C++ <tt class="literal">object</tt>s
+        Class <code class="literal">object</code> wraps <code class="literal">PyObject*</code>. All the
+        intricacies of dealing with <code class="literal">PyObject</code>s such as managing
+        reference counting are handled by the <code class="literal">object</code> class. C++
+        object interoperability is seamless. Boost.Python C++ <code class="literal">object</code>s
         can in fact be explicitly constructed from any C++ object.
       </p>
 <p>
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
 <a name="python.derived_object_types"></a>Derived Object types</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
-        Boost.Python comes with a set of derived <tt class="literal">object</tt> types
+        Boost.Python comes with a set of derived <code class="literal">object</code> types
         corresponding to that of Python's:
       </p>
 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
@@ -123,32 +123,32 @@
         </li>
 </ul></div>
 <p>
-        These derived <tt class="literal">object</tt> types act like real Python types.
+        These derived <code class="literal">object</code> types act like real Python types.
         For instance:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">==&gt;</span> <span class="string">"1"</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Wherever appropriate, a particular derived <tt class="literal">object</tt> has
-        corresponding Python type's methods. For instance, <tt class="literal">dict</tt>
-        has a <tt class="literal">keys()</tt> method:
+        Wherever appropriate, a particular derived <code class="literal">object</code> has
+        corresponding Python type's methods. For instance, <code class="literal">dict</code>
+        has a <code class="literal">keys()</code> method:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">d</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">keys</span><span class="special">()</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        <tt class="literal">make_tuple</tt> is provided for declaring <span class="emphasis"><em>tuple literals</em></span>.
+        <code class="literal">make_tuple</code> is provided for declaring <span class="emphasis"><em>tuple literals</em></span>.
         Example:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="identifier">make_tuple</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">123</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="char">'D'</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="string">"Hello, World"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="special">);</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        In C++, when Boost.Python <tt class="literal">object</tt>s are used as arguments
+        In C++, when Boost.Python <code class="literal">object</code>s are used as arguments
         to functions, subtype matching is required. For example, when a function
-        <tt class="literal">f</tt>, as declared below, is wrapped, it will only accept
-        instances of Python's <tt class="literal">str</tt> type and subtypes.
+        <code class="literal">f</code>, as declared below, is wrapped, it will only accept
+        instances of Python's <code class="literal">str</code> type and subtypes.
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">)</span>
@@ -172,13 +172,13 @@
 <span class="identifier">object</span> <span class="identifier">msg</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="string">"%s is bigger than %s"</span> <span class="special">%</span> <span class="identifier">make_tuple</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">NAME</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">);</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Demonstrates that you can write the C++ equivalent of <tt class="literal">"format"
-        % x,y,z</tt> in Python, which is useful since there's no easy way to
+        Demonstrates that you can write the C++ equivalent of <code class="literal">"format"
+        % x,y,z</code> in Python, which is useful since there's no easy way to
         do that in std C++.
       </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><b>Beware</b></span> the
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Beware</strong></span> the
               common pitfall of forgetting that the constructors of most of Python's
               mutable types make copies, just as in Python. </td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
@@ -196,12 +196,12 @@
 <span class="identifier">dict</span> <span class="identifier">d</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"__dict__"</span><span class="special">));</span>  <span class="comment">// copies x.__dict__
 </span><span class="identifier">d</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="char">'whatever'</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">;</span>           <span class="comment">// modifies the copy
 </span></pre>
-<a name="derived_object_types.class__lt_t_gt__as_objects"></a><h2>
-<a name="id457004"></a>
+<a name="derived_object_types.class__lt_t_gt__as_objects"></a><h3>
+<a name="id3149441"></a>
         class_&lt;T&gt; as objects
-      </h2>
+      </h3>
 <p>
-        Due to the dynamic nature of Boost.Python objects, any <tt class="literal">class_&lt;T&gt;</tt>
+        Due to the dynamic nature of Boost.Python objects, any <code class="literal">class_&lt;T&gt;</code>
         may also be one of these types! The following code snippet wraps the class
         (type) object.
       </p>
@@ -223,15 +223,15 @@
 <a name="python.extracting_c___objects"></a>Extracting C++ objects</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
         At some point, we will need to get C++ values out of object instances. This
-        can be achieved with the <tt class="literal">extract&lt;T&gt;</tt> function. Consider
+        can be achieved with the <code class="literal">extract&lt;T&gt;</code> function. Consider
         the following:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">o</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"length"</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// compile error
 </span></pre>
 <p>
-        In the code above, we got a compiler error because Boost.Python <tt class="literal">object</tt>
-        can't be implicitly converted to <tt class="literal">double</tt>s. Instead, what
+        In the code above, we got a compiler error because Boost.Python <code class="literal">object</code>
+        can't be implicitly converted to <code class="literal">double</code>s. Instead, what
         we wanted to do above can be achieved by writing:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -241,14 +241,14 @@
 </pre>
 <p>
         The first line attempts to extract the "length" attribute of the
-        Boost.Python <tt class="literal">object</tt>. The second line attempts to <span class="emphasis"><em>extract</em></span>
-        the <tt class="literal">Vec2</tt> object from held by the Boost.Python <tt class="literal">object</tt>.
+        Boost.Python <code class="literal">object</code>. The second line attempts to <span class="emphasis"><em>extract</em></span>
+        the <code class="literal">Vec2</code> object from held by the Boost.Python <code class="literal">object</code>.
       </p>
 <p>
         Take note that we said "attempt to" above. What if the Boost.Python
-        <tt class="literal">object</tt> does not really hold a <tt class="literal">Vec2</tt>
+        <code class="literal">object</code> does not really hold a <code class="literal">Vec2</code>
         type? This is certainly a possibility considering the dynamic nature of Python
-        <tt class="literal">object</tt>s. To be on the safe side, if the C++ type can't
+        <code class="literal">object</code>s. To be on the safe side, if the C++ type can't
         be extracted, an appropriate exception is thrown. To avoid an exception,
         we need to test for extractibility:
       </p>
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
     <span class="identifier">Vec2</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="special">...</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/tip.png" alt="tip"></span> The astute reader might have noticed that the <tt class="literal">extract&lt;T&gt;</tt>
+        <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/tip.png" alt="tip"></span> The astute reader might have noticed that the <code class="literal">extract&lt;T&gt;</code>
         facility in fact solves the mutable copying problem:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@
 <a name="python.enums"></a>Enums</h3></div></div></div>
 <p>
         Boost.Python has a nifty facility to capture and wrap C++ enums. While Python
-        has no <tt class="literal">enum</tt> type, we'll often want to expose our C++ enums
-        to Python as an <tt class="literal">int</tt>. Boost.Python's enum facility makes
+        has no <code class="literal">enum</code> type, we'll often want to expose our C++ enums
+        to Python as an <code class="literal">int</code>. Boost.Python's enum facility makes
         this easy while taking care of the proper conversions from Python's dynamic
         typing to C++'s strong static typing (in C++, ints cannot be implicitly converted
         to enums). To illustrate, given a C++ enum:
@@ -291,13 +291,13 @@
 </pre>
 <p>
         can be used to expose to Python. The new enum type is created in the current
-        <tt class="literal">scope()</tt>, which is usually the current module. The snippet
-        above creates a Python class derived from Python's <tt class="literal">int</tt>
+        <code class="literal">scope()</code>, which is usually the current module. The snippet
+        above creates a Python class derived from Python's <code class="literal">int</code>
         type which is associated with the C++ type passed as its first parameter.
       </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><b>what is a scope?</b></span><br>
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>what is a scope?</strong></span><br>
               <br> The scope is a class that has an associated global Python object
               which controls the Python namespace in which new extension classes
               and wrapped functions will be defined as attributes. Details can be

doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/techniques.html

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
-<title> General Techniques</title>
+<title>General Techniques</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
-<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.66.1">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.72.0">
 <link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
 <link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. python 1.0">
-<link rel="prev" href="exception.html" title=" Exception Translation">
+<link rel="prev" href="exception.html" title="Exception Translation">
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
 <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 <p>
         We have a C++ library that works with sounds: reading and writing various
         formats, applying filters to the sound data, etc. It is named (conveniently)
-        <tt class="literal">sounds</tt>. Our library already has a neat C++ namespace hierarchy,
+        <code class="literal">sounds</code>. Our library already has a neat C++ namespace hierarchy,
         like so:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -93,15 +93,15 @@
 <span class="special">}</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Compiling these files will generate the following Python extensions: <tt class="literal">core.pyd</tt>,
-        <tt class="literal">io.pyd</tt> and <tt class="literal">filters.pyd</tt>.
+        Compiling these files will generate the following Python extensions: <code class="literal">core.pyd</code>,
+        <code class="literal">io.pyd</code> and <code class="literal">filters.pyd</code>.
       </p>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
-<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> The extension <tt class="literal">.pyd</tt> is used
+<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> The extension <code class="literal">.pyd</code> is used
               for python extension modules, which are just shared libraries. Using
-              the default for your system, like <tt class="literal">.so</tt> for Unix and
-              <tt class="literal">.dll</tt> for Windows, works just as well.</td></tr></tbody>
+              the default for your system, like <code class="literal">.so</code> for Unix and
+              <code class="literal">.dll</code> for Windows, works just as well.</td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
 <p>
         Now, we create this directory structure for our Python package:
@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@
     io.pyd
 </pre>
 <p>
-        The file <tt class="literal">__init__.py</tt> is what tells Python that the directory
-        <tt class="literal">sounds/</tt> is actually a Python package. It can be a empty
+        The file <code class="literal">__init__.py</code> is what tells Python that the directory
+        <code class="literal">sounds/</code> is actually a Python package. It can be a empty
         file, but can also perform some magic, that will be shown later.
       </p>
 <p>
-        Now our package is ready. All the user has to do is put <tt class="literal">sounds</tt>
+        Now our package is ready. All the user has to do is put <code class="literal">sounds</code>
         into his <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/tut/node8.html#SECTION008110000000000000000" target="_top">PYTHONPATH</a>
         and fire up the interpreter:
       </p>
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
 </pre>
 <p>
         Note that we added an underscore to the module name. The filename will have
-        to be changed to <tt class="literal">_core.pyd</tt> as well, and we do the same
+        to be changed to <code class="literal">_core.pyd</code> as well, and we do the same
         to the other extension modules. Now, we change our package hierarchy like
         so:
       </p>
@@ -185,11 +185,11 @@
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">sounds</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">core</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">_core</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">(...)</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        which is not what we want. But here enters the <tt class="literal">__init__.py</tt>
-        magic: everything that is brought to the <tt class="literal">__init__.py</tt> namespace
+        which is not what we want. But here enters the <code class="literal">__init__.py</code>
+        magic: everything that is brought to the <code class="literal">__init__.py</code> namespace
         can be accessed directly by the user. So, all we have to do is bring the
-        entire namespace from <tt class="literal">_core.pyd</tt> to <tt class="literal">core/__init__.py</tt>.
-        So add this line of code to <tt class="literal">sounds<span class="emphasis"><em>core</em></span>__init__.py</tt>:
+        entire namespace from <code class="literal">_core.pyd</code> to <code class="literal">core/__init__.py</code>.
+        So add this line of code to <code class="literal">sounds<span class="emphasis"><em>core</em></span>__init__.py</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="identifier">_core</span> <span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="special">*</span>
@@ -206,10 +206,10 @@
         with the additional benefit that we can easily add pure Python functions
         to any module, in a way that the user can't tell the difference between a
         C++ function and a Python function. Let's add a <span class="emphasis"><em>pure</em></span>
-        Python function, <tt class="literal">echo_noise</tt>, to the <tt class="literal">filters</tt>
-        package. This function applies both the <tt class="literal">echo</tt> and <tt class="literal">noise</tt>
-        filters in sequence in the given <tt class="literal">sound</tt> object. We create
-        a file named <tt class="literal">sounds/filters/echo_noise.py</tt> and code our
+        Python function, <code class="literal">echo_noise</code>, to the <code class="literal">filters</code>
+        package. This function applies both the <code class="literal">echo</code> and <code class="literal">noise</code>
+        filters in sequence in the given <code class="literal">sound</code> object. We create
+        a file named <code class="literal">sounds/filters/echo_noise.py</code> and code our
         function:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -220,14 +220,14 @@
     <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Next, we add this line to <tt class="literal">sounds<span class="emphasis"><em>filters</em></span>__init__.py</tt>:
+        Next, we add this line to <code class="literal">sounds<span class="emphasis"><em>filters</em></span>__init__.py</code>:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="identifier">echo_noise</span> <span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="identifier">echo_noise</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
         And that's it. The user now accesses this function like any other function
-        from the <tt class="literal">filters</tt> package:
+        from the <code class="literal">filters</code> package:
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
 <span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="identifier">sounds</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">filters</span>
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
       </p>
 <p>
         We can do the same with classes that were wrapped with Boost.Python. Suppose
-        we have a class <tt class="literal">point</tt> in C++:
+        we have a class <code class="literal">point</code> in C++:
       </p>
 <p>
       </p>
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
 </pre>
 <p>
         If we are using the technique from the previous session, <a href="techniques.html#python.creating_packages" title="Creating Packages">Creating
-        Packages</a>, we can code directly into <tt class="literal">geom/__init__.py</tt>:
+        Packages</a>, we can code directly into <code class="literal">geom/__init__.py</code>:
       </p>
 <p>
       </p>
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@
 </span><span class="identifier">point</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">__str__</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">point_str</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        <span class="bold"><b>All</b></span> point instances created from C++ will
+        <span class="bold"><strong>All</strong></span> point instances created from C++ will
         also have this member function! This technique has several advantages:
       </p>
 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
 <span class="special">}</span>
 </pre>
 <p>
-        Now you create a file <tt class="literal">main.cpp</tt>, which contains the <tt class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE</tt>
+        Now you create a file <code class="literal">main.cpp</code>, which contains the <code class="literal">BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE</code>
         macro, and call the various export functions inside it.
       </p>
 <pre class="programlisting">
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
 <colgroup><col></colgroup>
 <tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> If you're exporting your classes with <a href="../../../../../pyste/index.html" target="_top">Pyste</a>,
-              take a look at the <tt class="literal">--multiple</tt> option, that generates
+              take a look at the <code class="literal">--multiple</code> option, that generates
               the wrappers in various files as demonstrated here.</td></tr></tbody>
 </table></div>
 <div class="informaltable"><table class="table">

doc/tutorial/doc/tutorial.qbk

@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ overloaded functions in one-shot:
 
 Then...
 
-    .def("foo", foo, foo_overloads());
+    .def("foo", (void(*)(bool, int, char))0, foo_overloads());
 
 Notice though that we have a situation now where we have a minimum of zero
 (0) arguments and a maximum of 3 arguments.
@@ -1365,11 +1365,6 @@ create a new scope around a class:
 
 [def Py_Initialize          [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-652  Py_Initialize]]
 [def Py_Finalize            [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-656  Py_Finalize]]
-[def PyRun_String           [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-55         PyRun_String]]
-[def PyRun_File             [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-56         PyRun_File]]
-[def Py_eval_input          [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-58         Py_eval_input]]
-[def Py_file_input          [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-59         Py_file_input]]
-[def Py_single_input        [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html#l2h-60         Py_single_input]]
 [def Py_XINCREF             [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/countingRefs.html#l2h-65     Py_XINCREF]]
 [def Py_XDECREF             [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/countingRefs.html#l2h-67     Py_XDECREF]]
 [def PyImport_AppendInittab [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/importing.html#l2h-137       PyImport_AppendInittab]]
@@ -1396,17 +1391,17 @@ all. So stay tuned... :-)
 
 [h2 Building embedded programs]
 
-To be able to use embedding in your programs, they have to be linked to
-both Boost.Python's and Python's static link library.
+To be able to embed python into your programs, you have to link to
+both Boost.Python's as well as Python's own runtime library.
 
-Boost.Python's static link library comes in two variants. Both are located
+Boost.Python's library comes in two variants. Both are located
 in Boost's [^/libs/python/build/bin-stage] subdirectory. On Windows, the
 variants are called [^boost_python.lib] (for release builds) and
 [^boost_python_debug.lib] (for debugging). If you can't find the libraries,
 you probably haven't built Boost.Python yet. See
 [@../../../building.html Building and Testing] on how to do this.
 
-Python's static link library can be found in the [^/libs] subdirectory of
+Python's library can be found in the [^/libs] subdirectory of
 your Python directory. On Windows it is called pythonXY.lib where X.Y is
 your major Python version number.
 
@@ -1444,7 +1439,11 @@ steps:
 
 # Call other Python C API routines to use the interpreter.\n\n
 
-# Call Py_Finalize() to stop the interpreter and release its resources.
+[/ # Call Py_Finalize() to stop the interpreter and release its resources.]
+
+[blurb __note__ [*Note that at this time you must not call Py_Finalize() to stop the
+interpreter. This may be fixed in a future version of boost.python.]
+]
 
 (Of course, there can be other C++ code between all of these steps.)
 
@@ -1461,171 +1460,76 @@ messy and especially hard to get right in the presence of C++ exceptions.
 Fortunately Boost.Python provides the [@../../../v2/handle.html handle] and
 [@../../../v2/object.html object] class templates to automate the process.
 
-[h2 Reference-counting handles and objects]
-
-There are two ways in which a function in the Python/C API can return a
-[^PyObject*]: as a ['borrowed reference] or as a ['new reference]. Which of
-these a function uses, is listed in that function's documentation. The two
-require slightely different approaches to reference-counting but both can
-be 'handled' by Boost.Python.
-
-For a function returning a ['borrowed reference] we'll have to tell the
-[^handle] that the [^PyObject*] is borrowed with the aptly named
-[@../../../v2/handle.html#borrowed-spec borrowed] function. Two functions
-returning borrowed references are PyImport_AddModule and PyModule_GetDict.
-The former returns a reference to an already imported module, the latter
-retrieves a module's namespace dictionary. Let's use them to retrieve the
-namespace of the [^__main__] module:
-
-    object main_module((
-        handle<>(borrowed(PyImport_AddModule("__main__")))));
-
-    object main_namespace = main_module.attr("__dict__");
-
-For a function returning a ['new reference] we can just create a [^handle]
-out of the raw [^PyObject*] without wrapping it in a call to borrowed. One
-such function that returns a new reference is PyRun_String which we'll
-discuss in the next section.
-
-[blurb __note__ [*Handle is a class ['template], so why haven't we been using any template parameters?]\n
-\n
-[^handle] has a single template parameter specifying the type of the managed object. This type is [^PyObject] 99% of the time, so the parameter was defaulted to [^PyObject] for convenience. Therefore we can use the shorthand [^handle<>] instead of the longer, but equivalent, [^handle<PyObject>].
-]
-
 [h2 Running Python code]
 
-To run Python code from C++ there is a family of functions in the API
-starting with the PyRun prefix. You can find the full list of these
-functions [@http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/veryhigh.html here]. They
-all work similarly so we will look at only one of them, namely:
+Boost.python provides three related functions to run Python code from C++.
 
-    PyObject* PyRun_String(char *str, int start, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
+    object eval(str expression, object globals = object(), object locals = object())
+    object exec(str code, object globals = object(), object locals = object())
+    object exec_file(str filename, object globals = object(), object locals = object())
 
-PyRun_String takes the code to execute as a null-terminated (C-style)
-string in its [^str] parameter. The function returns a new reference to a
-Python object. Which object is returned depends on the [^start] paramater.
+eval evaluates the given expression and returns the resulting value.
+exec executes the given code (typically a set of statements) returning the result,
+and exec_file executes the code contained in the given file.
 
-The [^start] parameter is the start symbol from the Python grammar to use
-for interpreting the code. The possible values are:
-
-[table Start symbols
-
-    [[Py_eval_input]   [for interpreting isolated expressions]]
-    [[Py_file_input]   [for interpreting sequences of statements]]
-    [[Py_single_input] [for interpreting a single statement]]
-]
-
-When using Py_eval_input, the input string must contain a single expression
-and its result is returned. When using Py_file_input, the string can
-contain an abitrary number of statements and None is returned.
-Py_single_input works in the same way as Py_file_input but only accepts a
-single statement.
-
-Lastly, the [^globals] and [^locals] parameters are Python dictionaries
+The [^globals] and [^locals] parameters are Python dictionaries
 containing the globals and locals of the context in which to run the code.
 For most intents and purposes you can use the namespace dictionary of the
 [^__main__] module for both parameters.
 
-We have already seen how to get the [^__main__] module's namespace so let's
-run some Python code in it:
+Boost.python provides a function to import a module:
 
-    object main_module((
-        handle<>(borrowed(PyImport_AddModule("__main__")))));
+    object import(str name)
 
+import imports a python module (potentially loading it into the running process
+first), and returns it.
+
+Let's import the [^__main__] module and run some Python code in its namespace:
+
+    object main_module = import("__main__");
     object main_namespace = main_module.attr("__dict__");
 
-    handle<> ignored((PyRun_String(
-
-        "hello = file('hello.txt', 'w')\n"
-        "hello.write('Hello world!')\n"
-        "hello.close()"
-
-      , Py_file_input
-      , main_namespace.ptr()
-      , main_namespace.ptr())
-    ));
-
-Because the Python/C API doesn't know anything about [^object]s, we used
-the object's [^ptr] member function to retrieve the [^PyObject*].
+    object ignored = exec("hello = file('hello.txt', 'w')\n"
+                          "hello.write('Hello world!')\n"
+                          "hello.close()",
+                          main_namespace);
 
 This should create a file called 'hello.txt' in the current directory
 containing a phrase that is well-known in programming circles.
 
-[blurb
-    __note__ [*Note] that we wrap the return value of PyRun_String in a
-    (nameless) [^handle] even though we are not interested in it. If we didn't
-    do this, the the returned object would be kept alive unnecessarily. Unless
-    you want to be a Dr. Frankenstein, always wrap [^PyObject*]s in [^handle]s.
-]
+[h2 Manipulating Python objects]
 
-[h2 Beyond handles]
-
-It's nice that [^handle] manages the reference counting details for us, but
-other than that it doesn't do much. Often we'd like to have a more useful
-class to manipulate Python objects. But we have already seen such a class
-above, and in the [@python/object.html previous section]: the aptly
-named [^object] class and it's derivatives. We've already seen that they
-can be constructed from a [^handle]. The following examples should further
-illustrate this fact:
-
-    object main_module((
-         handle<>(borrowed(PyImport_AddModule("__main__")))));
+Often we'd like to have a class to manipulate Python objects. 
+But we have already seen such a class above, and in the 
+[@python/object.html previous section]: the aptly named [^object] class 
+and its derivatives. We've already seen that they can be constructed from 
+a [^handle]. The following examples should further illustrate this fact:
 
+    object main_module = import("__main__");
     object main_namespace = main_module.attr("__dict__");
-
-    handle<> ignored((PyRun_String(
-
-        "result = 5 ** 2"
-
-        , Py_file_input
-        , main_namespace.ptr()
-        , main_namespace.ptr())
-    ));
-
+    object ignored = exec("result = 5 ** 2", main_namespace);
     int five_squared = extract<int>(main_namespace["result"]);
 
 Here we create a dictionary object for the [^__main__] module's namespace.
 Then we assign 5 squared to the result variable and read this variable from
-the dictionary. Another way to achieve the same result is to let
-PyRun_String return the result directly with Py_eval_input:
-
-    object result((handle<>(
-        PyRun_String("5 ** 2"
-            , Py_eval_input
-            , main_namespace.ptr()
-            , main_namespace.ptr()))
-    ));
+the dictionary. Another way to achieve the same result is to use eval instead,
+which returns the result directly:
 
+    object result = eval("5 ** 2");
     int five_squared = extract<int>(result);
 
-[blurb
-    __note__ [*Note] that [^object]'s member function to return the wrapped
-    [^PyObject*] is called [^ptr] instead of [^get]. This makes sense if you
-    take into account the different functions that [^object] and [^handle]
-    perform.
-]
-
 [h2 Exception handling]
 
-If an exception occurs in the execution of some Python code, the PyRun_String
-function returns a null pointer. Constructing a [^handle] out of this null
-pointer throws [@../../../v2/errors.html#error_already_set-spec error_already_set],
-so basically, the Python exception is automatically translated into a
-C++ exception when using [^handle]:
+If an exception occurs in the evaluation of the python expression,
+[@../../../v2/errors.html#error_already_set-spec error_already_set] is thrown:
 
     try
     {
-        object result((handle<>(PyRun_String(
-            "5/0"
-          , Py_eval_input
-          , main_namespace.ptr()
-          , main_namespace.ptr()))
-        ));
-
+        object result = eval("5/0");
         // execution will never get here:
         int five_divided_by_zero = extract<int>(result);
     }
-    catch(error_already_set)
+    catch(error_already_set const &)
     {
         // handle the exception in some way
     }
@@ -1639,7 +1543,7 @@ print the exception's traceback to the console, or comparing the type of the
 exception with those of the [@http://www.python.org/doc/api/standardExceptions.html
 standard exceptions]:
 
-    catch(error_already_set)
+    catch(error_already_set const &)
     {
         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ZeroDivisionError))
         {
@@ -1655,21 +1559,6 @@ standard exceptions]:
 (To retrieve even more information from the exception you can use some of the other
 exception handling functions listed [@http://www.python.org/doc/api/exceptionHandling.html here].)
 
-If you'd rather not have [^handle] throw a C++ exception when it is constructed, you
-can use the [@../../../v2/handle.html#allow_null-spec allow_null] function in the same
-way you'd use borrowed:
-
-    handle<> result((allow_null(PyRun_String(
-        "5/0"
-       , Py_eval_input
-       , main_namespace.ptr()
-       , main_namespace.ptr()))));
-
-    if (!result)
-        // Python exception occurred
-    else
-        // everything went okay, it's safe to use the result
-
 [endsect]
 [endsect] [/ Embedding]
 

doc/tutorial/index.html

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=doc/html/index.html">
   </head>
   <body>
     Automatic redirection failed, click this 
-    <a href="doc/html/index.html">link</a>
+    <a href="doc/html/index.html">link</a> &nbsp;<hr>
+    <p>© Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001</p>
+    <p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See 
+    accompanying file <a href="../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
+    LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at
+    <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
   </body>
-</html>
+</html>

doc/v2/Apr2002.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/CallPolicies.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/Dereferenceable.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/Extractor.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/HolderGenerator.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/Jun2002.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/Mar2002.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/May2002.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/ObjectWrapper.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/ResultConverter.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/acknowledgments.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/args.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/call.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/call_method.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/callbacks.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/callbacks.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
+.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
 Here's the plan:
 
 I aim to provide an interface similar to that of Boost.Python v1's

doc/v2/class.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
   <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/configuration.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/copy_const_reference.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/copy_non_const_reference.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/data_members.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/def.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/def_visitor.html

@@ -132,4 +132,6 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(my_ext)
   </p>
 
 
-    <p><i>&copy; Copyright Joel de Guzman 2003. </i>
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright Joel de Guzman 2003. </i> Distributed under the Boost
+   Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) 

doc/v2/default_call_policies.html

@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ struct return_value_policy : Base
   <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
 
 
-    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
-    Abrahams</a> 2002. </i>
+  <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+  Abrahams</a> 2002.</i> Distributed under the Boost Software License,
+  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)</p>
 

doc/v2/definitions.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/dict.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/docstring_options.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
   <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/enum.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/errors.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/exception_translator.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/exec.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@
 
       <dd>
         <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#eval-spec"><code>eval</code></a></dt>
           <dt><a href="#exec-spec"><code>exec</code></a></dt>
           <dt><a href="#exec_file-spec"><code>exec_file</code></a></dt>
         </dl>
@@ -49,6 +53,23 @@
 
     <h2><a name="functions"></a>Functions</h2>
 
+    <h3><a name="eval-spec"></a><code>eval</code></h3>
+    <pre>
+object eval(str expression,
+            object globals = object(),
+            object locals = object());
+    </pre>
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b>
+        Evaluate Python expression from <code>expression</code> in the context 
+        specified by the dictionaries <code>globals</code> and <code>locals</code>.
+      </dt>
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b>
+        An instance of <a href="object.html#object-spec">object</a> 
+        which holds the value of the expression.
+      </dt>
+    </dl>
+
     <h3><a name="exec-spec"></a><code>exec</code></h3>
     <pre>
 object exec(str code,
@@ -106,7 +127,7 @@ void greet()
 
   // Define greet function in Python.
   object result = exec(
-    "def greet(self):               \n"
+    "def greet():                   \n"
     "   return 'Hello from Python!' \n",
     global, global);
 
@@ -123,7 +144,7 @@ void greet()
       we could also store it in an a file...</para>
 
 <pre>
-def greet(self):
+def greet():
    return 'Hello from Python!'
 </pre>
     <para>... and execute that instead.</para>

doc/v2/extract.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/faq.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/feb2002.html

@@ -360,7 +360,8 @@
   <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
 
 
-    <p class="c3">&copy; Copyright <a href= 
-    "../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a>
-    2002. 
+  <p class="c3">&copy; Copyright <a href=
+  "../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 2002. Distributed
+  under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)</p>
 

doc/v2/handle.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/has_back_reference.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/implicit.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/import.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/index.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/indexing.html

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/init.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/instance_holder.html

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">

doc/v2/iterator.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/list.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/long.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/lvalue_from_pytype.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/make_function.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/manage_new_object.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/module.html

@@ -104,5 +104,7 @@ RuntimeError: Unidentifiable C++ Exception
 
 
     <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
-    Abrahams</a> 2002. </i>
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. </i> Distributed
+  under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)</p>
 

doc/v2/numeric.html

@@ -1,102 +1,105 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 
 <html>
-  <head>
-    <meta name="generator" content=
-    "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st August 2002), see www.w3.org">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+<head>
+  <meta name="generator" content=
+  "HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1 September 2005), see www.w3.org">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
 
-    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/numeric.hpp&gt;</title>
-  </head>
+  <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/numeric.hpp&gt;</title>
+</head>
 
-  <body>
-    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
-    "header">
-      <tr>
-        <td valign="top" width="300">
-          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277"
-          alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../boost.png" border="0"></a></h3>
-        </td>
+<body>
+  <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+  "header">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top" width="300">
+        <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+        "C++ Boost" src="../../../../boost.png" border="0"></a></h3>
+      </td>
 
-        <td valign="top">
-          <h1 align="center"><a href="../index.html">Boost.Python</a></h1>
+      <td valign="top">
+        <h1 align="center"><a href="../index.html">Boost.Python</a></h1>
 
-          <h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/numeric.hpp&gt;</h2>
-        </td>
-      </tr>
-    </table>
-    <hr>
+        <h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/numeric.hpp&gt;</h2>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr>
 
-    <h2>Contents</h2>
+  <h2>Contents</h2>
 
-    <dl class="page-index">
-      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dl class="page-index">
+    <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
 
-      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a></dt>
+    <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a></dt>
 
-      <dd>
-        <dl class="page-index">
-          <dt><a href="#array-spec">Class <code>array</code></a></dt>
+    <dd>
+      <dl class="page-index">
+        <dt><a href="#array-spec">Class <code>array</code></a></dt>
 
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="page-index">
-              <dt><a href="#array-spec-synopsis">Class <code>array</code>
-              synopsis</a></dt>
+        <dd>
+          <dl class="page-index">
+            <dt><a href="#array-spec-synopsis">Class <code>array</code>
+            synopsis</a></dt>
 
-              <dt><a href="#array-spec-observers">Class <code>array</code>
-              observer functions</a></dt>
+            <dt><a href="#array-spec-observers">Class <code>array</code>
+            observer functions</a></dt>
 
-              <dt><a href="#array-spec-statics">Class <code>array</code>
-              static functions</a></dt>
-            </dl>
-          </dd>
-        </dl>
-      </dd>
+            <dt><a href="#array-spec-statics">Class <code>array</code> static
+            functions</a></dt>
+          </dl>
+        </dd>
+      </dl>
+    </dd>
 
-      <dt><a href="#examples">Example(s)</a></dt>
-    </dl>
-    <hr>
+    <dt><a href="#examples">Example(s)</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+  <hr>
 
-    <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+  <h2><a name="introduction" id="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
 
-    <p>Exposes a <a href=
-    "ObjectWrapper.html#TypeWrapper-concept">TypeWrapper</a> for the Python
-    <a href=
-    "http://www.python.org/dev/doc/devel/lib/typesmapping.html">array</a>
-    type.</p>
+  <p>Exposes a <a href=
+  "ObjectWrapper.html#TypeWrapper-concept">TypeWrapper</a> for the Python
+  <a href=
+  "http://www.python.org/dev/doc/devel/lib/typesmapping.html">array</a>
+  type.</p>
 
-    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+  <h2><a name="classes" id="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
 
-    <h3><a name="array-spec"></a>Class <code>array</code></h3>
+  <h3><a name="array-spec" id="array-spec"></a>Class <code>array</code></h3>
 
-    <p>Provides access to the array types of <a href=
-    "http://www.pfdubois.com/numpy/">Numerical Python</a>'s <a href=
-    "http://www.pfdubois.com/numpy/#Numeric">Numeric</a> and <a href=
-    "http://stsdas.stsci.edu/numarray/index.html">NumArray</a> modules. With
-    the exception of the functions documented <a href=
-    "#array-spec-observers">below</a>, the semantics of the constructors and
-    member functions defined below can be fully understood by reading the <a
-    href="ObjectWrapper.html#TypeWrapper-concept">TypeWrapper</a> concept
-    definition. Since <code>array</code> is publicly derived from <code><a
-    href="object.html#object-spec">object</a></code>, the public object
-    interface applies to <code>array</code> instances as well.</p>
+  <p>Provides access to the array types of <a href=
+  "http://www.pfdubois.com/numpy/">Numerical Python</a>'s <a href=
+  "http://www.pfdubois.com/numpy/#Numeric">Numeric</a> and <a href=
+  "http://stsdas.stsci.edu/numarray/index.html">NumArray</a> modules. With
+  the exception of the functions documented <a href=
+  "#array-spec-observers">below</a>, the semantics of the constructors and
+  member functions defined below can be fully understood by reading the
+  <a href="ObjectWrapper.html#TypeWrapper-concept">TypeWrapper</a> concept
+  definition. Since <code>array</code> is publicly derived from
+  <code><a href="object.html#object-spec">object</a></code>, the public
+  object interface applies to <code>array</code> instances as well.</p>
 
-    <p><a name="default_search"></a>The default behavior is to use
-    <code>numarray.NDArray</code> as the associated Python type if the
-    <code>numarray</code> module is installed in the default location.
-    Otherwise it falls back to use <code>Numeric.ArrayType</code>. If neither
-    extension module is installed, conversions to arguments of type
-    <code>numeric::array</code> will cause overload resolution to reject the
-    overload, and other attempted uses of <code>numeric::array</code> will <a
-    href="definitions.html#raise">raise</a> an appropriate Python exception.
-    The associated Python type can be set manually using the <code><a href=
-    "#array-spec-statics">set_module_and_type</a>(...)</code> static
-    function.</p>
+  <p><a name="default_search" id="default_search"></a>The default behavior is
+  to use <code>numarray.NDArray</code> as the associated Python type if the
+  <code>numarray</code> module is installed in the default location.
+  Otherwise it falls back to use <code>Numeric.ArrayType</code>. If neither
+  extension module is installed, overloads of wrapped C++ functions with
+  <code>numeric::array</code> parameters will never be matched, and other
+  attempted uses of <code>numeric::array</code> will <a href=
+  "definitions.html#raise">raise</a> an appropriate Python exception. The
+  associated Python type can be set manually using the <code><a href=
+  "#array-spec-statics">set_module_and_type</a>(...)</code> static
+  function.</p>
 
-    <h4><a name="array-spec-synopsis"></a>Class <code>array</code>
-    synopsis</h4>
-<pre>
+  <h4><a name="array-spec-synopsis" id="array-spec-synopsis"></a>Class
+  <code>array</code> synopsis</h4>
+  <pre>
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace numeric
 {
    class array : public object
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace numeric
       object astype(Type const&amp; type_);
 
       template &lt;class Type&gt;
-      object new_(Type const&amp; type_) const;
+      array new_(Type const&amp; type_) const;
 
       template &lt;class Sequence&gt; 
       void resize(Sequence const&amp; x);
@@ -133,14 +136,14 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace numeric
       void tofile(File const&amp; f) const;
 
       object factory();
-      template &lt;class Buffer&gt;
-      object factory(Buffer const&amp;);
-      template &lt;class Buffer, class Type&gt;
-      object factory(Buffer const&amp;, Type const&amp;);
-      template &lt;class Buffer, class Type, class Shape&gt;
-      object factory(Buffer const&amp;, Type const&amp;, Shape const&amp;, bool copy = true, bool savespace = false);
-      template &lt;class Buffer, class Type, class Shape&gt;
-      object factory(Buffer const&amp;, Type const&amp;, Shape const&amp;, bool copy, bool savespace, char typecode);
+      template &lt;class Sequence&gt;
+      object factory(Sequence const&amp;);
+      template &lt;class Sequence, class Typecode&gt;
+      object factory(Sequence const&amp;, Typecode const&amp;, bool copy = true, bool savespace = false);
+      template &lt;class Sequence, class Typecode, class Type&gt;
+      object factory(Sequence const&amp;, Typecode const&amp;, bool copy, bool savespace, Type const&amp;);
+      template &lt;class Sequence, class Typecode, class Type, class Shape&gt;
+      object factory(Sequence const&amp;, Typecode const&amp;, bool copy, bool savespace, Type const&amp;, Shape const&amp;);
 
       template &lt;class T1&gt;
       explicit array(T1 const&amp; x1);
@@ -152,6 +155,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace numeric
 
       static void set_module_and_type();
       static void set_module_and_type(char const* package_path = 0, char const* type_name = 0);
+      static void get_module_name();
 
       object argmax(long axis=-1);
 
@@ -200,54 +204,60 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace numeric
 }}}
 </pre>
 
-    <h4><a name="array-spec-observers"></a>Class <code>array</code> observer
-    functions</h4>
-<pre>
+  <h4><a name="array-spec-observers" id="array-spec-observers"></a>Class
+  <code>array</code> observer functions</h4>
+  <pre>
 object factory();
-template &lt;class Buffer&gt;
-object factory(Buffer const&amp;);
-template &lt;class Buffer, class Type&gt;
-object factory(Buffer const&amp;, Type const&amp;);
-template &lt;class Buffer, class Type, class Shape&gt;
-object factory(Buffer const&amp;, Type const&amp;, Shape const&amp;, bool copy = true, bool savespace = false);
-template &lt;class Buffer, class Type, class Shape&gt;
-object factory(Buffer const&amp;, Type const&amp;, Shape const&amp;, bool copy, bool savespace, char typecode);
-</pre>
-    These functions map to the underlying array type's <code>array()</code>
-    function family. They are not called "<code>array</code>" because of the
-    C++ limitation that you can't define a member function with the same name
-    as its enclosing class. 
-<pre>
+template &lt;class Sequence&gt;
+object factory(Sequence const&amp;);
+template &lt;class Sequence, class Typecode&gt;
+object factory(Sequence const&amp;, Typecode const&amp;, bool copy = true, bool savespace = false);
+template &lt;class Sequence, class Typecode, class Type&gt;
+object factory(Sequence const&amp;, Typecode const&amp;, bool copy, bool savespace, Type const&amp;);
+template &lt;class Sequence, class Typecode, class Type, class Shape&gt;
+object factory(Sequence const&amp;, Typecode const&amp;, bool copy, bool savespace, Type const&amp;, Shape const&amp;);
+</pre>These functions map to the underlying array type's <code>array()</code>
+function family. They are not called "<code>array</code>" because of the C++
+limitation that you can't define a member function with the same name as its
+enclosing class.
+  <pre>
 template &lt;class Type&gt;
-object new_(Type const&amp;) const;
-</pre>
-    This function maps to the underlying array type's <code>new()</code>
-    function. It is not called "<code>new</code>" because that is a keyword
-    in C++. 
+array new_(Type const&amp;) const;
+</pre>This function maps to the underlying array type's <code>new()</code>
+function. It is not called "<code>new</code>" because that is a keyword in
+C++.
 
-    <h4><a name="array-spec-statics"></a>Class <code>array</code> static
-    functions</h4>
-<pre>
+  <h4><a name="array-spec-statics" id="array-spec-statics"></a>Class
+  <code>array</code> static functions</h4>
+  <pre>
 static void set_module_and_type(char const* package_path, char const* type_name);
 static void set_module_and_type();
 </pre>
 
-    <dl class="function-semantics">
-      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>package_path</code> and
-      <code>type_name</code>, if supplied, is an <a href=
-      "definitions.html#ntbs">ntbs</a>.</dt>
+  <dl class="function-semantics">
+    <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>package_path</code> and
+    <code>type_name</code>, if supplied, is an <a href=
+    "definitions.html#ntbs">ntbs</a>.</dt>
 
-      <dt><b>Effects:</b> The first form sets the package path of the module
-      which supplies the type named by <code>type_name</code> to
-      <code>package_path</code>. The second form restores the <a href=
-      "#default_search">default search behavior</a>. The associated Python
-      type will be searched for only the first time it is needed, and
-      thereafter the first time it is needed after an invocation of
-      <code>set_module_and_type</code>.</dt>
-    </dl>
+    <dt><b>Effects:</b> The first form sets the package path of the module
+    that supplies the type named by <code>type_name</code> to
+    <code>package_path</code>. The second form restores the <a href=
+    "#default_search">default search behavior</a>. The associated Python type
+    will be searched for only the first time it is needed, and thereafter the
+    first time it is needed after an invocation of
+    <code>set_module_and_type</code>.</dt>
+  </dl>
+  <pre>
+static std::string get_module_name()
+</pre>
 
-    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2>
-<pre>
+  <dl class="function-semantics">
+    <dt><b>Effects:</b> Returns the name of the module containing the class
+    that will be held by new <code>numeric::array</code> instances.</dt>
+  </dl>
+
+  <h2><a name="examples" id="examples"></a>Example</h2>
+  <pre>
 #include &lt;boost/python/numeric.hpp&gt;
 #include &lt;boost/python/tuple.hpp&gt;
 
@@ -258,10 +268,9 @@ void set_first_element(numeric::array&amp; y, double value)
 }
 </pre>
 
-    <p>Revised 03 October, 2002</p>
+  <p>Revised 07 October, 2006</p>
 
-    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href=
-    "../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 2002.</i></p>
-  </body>
+  <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+  Abrahams</a> 2002-2006.</i></p>
+</body>
 </html>
-

doc/v2/object.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=
@@ -851,12 +854,12 @@ void del(proxy&lt;T&gt; const&amp; x);
     </dl>
 <pre>
 <a name="comparisons-spec"></a>
-template&lt;class L,class R&gt; bool operator&gt;(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
-template&lt;class L,class R&gt; bool operator&gt;=(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
-template&lt;class L,class R&gt; bool operator&lt;(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
-template&lt;class L,class R&gt; bool operator&lt;=(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
-template&lt;class L,class R&gt; bool operator==(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
-template&lt;class L,class R&gt; bool operator!=(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
+template&lt;class L,class R&gt; object operator&gt;(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
+template&lt;class L,class R&gt; object operator&gt;=(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
+template&lt;class L,class R&gt; object operator&lt;(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
+template&lt;class L,class R&gt; object operator&lt;=(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
+template&lt;class L,class R&gt; object operator==(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
+template&lt;class L,class R&gt; object operator!=(L const&amp;l,R const&amp;r);
 </pre>
 
     <dl class="function-semantics">

doc/v2/opaque.html

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+<!-- Copyright 2003..2006 Haufe Mediengruppe. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
+
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/opaque_pointer_converter.hpp&gt;</title>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277"
+          alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../boost.png" border="0"></a></h3>
+        </td>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 align="center"><a href="../index.html">Boost.Python</a></h1>
+
+          <h2 align="center">Header
+          &lt;boost/python/opaque_pointer_converter.hpp&gt;</h2>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a></dt>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#opaque-spec">Class template
+          <code>opaque&lt;Pointee&gt;</code></a></dt>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#opaque-spec-synopsis">Class template
+              <code>opaque</code> synopsis</a></dt>
+            </dl>
+          </dd>
+        </dl>
+      </dd>
+
+      <dt><a href="#macros">Macros</a></dt>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec">Macro
+          <code>BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID</code></a></dt>
+        </dl>
+      </dd>
+
+      <dt><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></dt>
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="opaque-spec"></a>Class template
+    <code>opaque&lt;P&gt;</code></h3>
+
+    <p><code>opaque&lt;&gt;</code> registers itself as a converter from
+      Python objects to pointers to undefined types and vice versa.</p>
+
+    <h4><a name="opaque-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template
+    <code>opaque</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+    template&lt;class Pointee&gt;
+    struct opaque
+    {
+        opaque();
+    };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="opaque-spec-constructor"></a>Class template
+    <code>opaque</code> constructor</h4>
+<pre>
+opaque();
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b>
+    <ul>
+        <li>Registers the instance as a 
+        <a href="lvalue_from_pytype.html#lvalue_from_pytype-spec"> <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code></a>
+        converter from Python objects into opaque pointers.</p>
+        <p>The Python Objects created are named after the type pointed to
+          by the opaque pointer being wrapped.</p></li>
+        <li>Registers the instance as a 
+          <a href="to_python_converter.html#to_python_converter-spec"> <code>to_python_converter</code></a>
+        from opaque pointers to Python objects.</p></li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>If there is already an instance registered by another module, this
+      instance doesn't try to register again in order to avoid warnings
+      about multiple registrations.</p>
+
+    <h4>Note</h4>
+    <p>Normally only a single instance of this class is created for every
+      Pointee.</p>
+    </dt>
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="macros"></a>Macros</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec"></a>
+      Macro BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID(Pointee)</h3>
+    <p>This macro must be used to define specializations of the 
+      <a href="type_id.html#type_id-spec">type_id</a> function
+      which can't be instantiated for incomplete types.</p>
+    <h4>Note</h4>
+    <p>The macro must be invoked in every translation unit which uses the
+      opaque converter.</p>
+
+    <h2><a name="see-also"></a>See Also</h2>
+        <p>
+          <a href="return_opaque_pointer.html">return_opaque_pointer</a>
+        </p>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+  10 September, 2006
+    </p>
+
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright 2003..2006 Haufe Mediengruppe. All Rights
+    Reserved.</i></p>
+  </body>
+</html>
+

doc/v2/opaque_pointer_converter.html

@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-
-<html>
-  <head>
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
-
-    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/opaque_pointer_converter.hpp&gt;</title>
-  </head>
-
-  <body>
-    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
-    "header">
-      <tr>
-        <td valign="top" width="300">
-          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277"
-          alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../boost.png" border="0"></a></h3>
-        </td>
-
-        <td valign="top">
-          <h1 align="center"><a href="../index.html">Boost.Python</a></h1>
-
-          <h2 align="center">Header
-          &lt;boost/python/opaque_pointer_converter.hpp&gt;</h2>
-        </td>
-      </tr>
-    </table>
-    <hr>
-
-    <h2>Contents</h2>
-
-    <dl class="page-index">
-      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a></dt>
-
-      <dd>
-        <dl class="page-index">
-          <dt><a href="#opaque_pointer_converter-spec">Class template
-          <code>opaque_pointer_converter&lt;P&gt;</code></a></dt>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="page-index">
-              <dt><a href="#opaque_pointer_converter-spec-synopsis">Class template
-              <code>opaque_pointer_converter</code> synopsis</a></dt>
-            </dl>
-          </dd>
-        </dl>
-      </dd>
-
-      <dt><a href="#macros">Macros</a></dt>
-      <dd>
-        <dl class="page-index">
-          <dt><a href="#BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec">Macro
-          <code>BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID</code></a></dt>
-        </dl>
-      </dd>
-
-      <dt><a href="#examples">Example</a></dt>
-
-      <dt><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></dt>
-    </dl>
-    <hr>
-
-    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
-
-    <h3><a name="opaque_pointer_converter-spec"></a>Class template
-    <code>opaque_pointer_converter&lt;P&gt;</code></h3>
-
-    <p><code>opaque_pointer_converter&lt;&gt;</code> is derived from 
-          <a href="to_python_converter.html#to_python_converter-spec">
-            <code>to_python_converter</code></a>
-          and registers itself as an
-          <a href="lvalue_from_pytype.html#lvalue_from_pytype-spec">
-            <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code></a> converter from Python objects
-          into pointers to undefined types.
-            Thus it may be used as a converter from opaque pointers into
-          Python objects and vice versa.</p>
-
-    <h4><a name="opaque_pointer_converter-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template
-    <code>opaque_pointer_converter</code> synopsis</h4>
-<pre>
-namespace boost { namespace python
-{
-    template&lt;class Pointer&gt;
-    struct opaque_pointer_converter
-        : to_python_converter&lt;
-          Pointer, opaque_pointer_converter&lt;Pointer&gt; &gt;
-    {
-        explicit opaque_pointer_converter(char const* name);
-    };
-}}
-</pre>
-
-    <h4><a name="opaque_pointer_converter-spec-constructor"></a>Class template
-    <code>opaque_pointer_converter</code> constructor</h4>
-<pre>
-explicit opaque_pointer_converter(char const* name);
-</pre>
-
-    <dl class="function-semantics">
-      <dt><b>Effects:</b>
-            <p>Registers the instance as a 
-            <a href="lvalue_from_pytype.html#lvalue_from_pytype-spec">
-              <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code></a> converter from Python objects
-            into opaque pointers.</p>
-            <p>The name is used for the type of the Python Objects created;
-              it should be printable but needn't be an 
-              <a href="definitions.html#ntbs">ntbs</a> because the object type is
-              not supposed to be user constructible within python scripts.</p>
-          </dt>
-    </dl>
-
-    <h2><a name="macros"></a>Macros</h2>
-
-    <h3><a name="BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec"></a>
-      Macro BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID(Pointee)</h3>
-    <p>This macro must be used to define specializations of the 
-      <a href="type_id.html#type_id-spec">type_id</a> function
-      which can't be instantiated for incomplete types.</p>
-    <h4>Note</h4>
-    <p>In order for this to work in a cross-module environment the macro must
-      be invoked in every translation unit which uses the
-      opaque_pointer_converter.</p>
-
-    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2>
-
-        please see example for <a href="return_opaque_pointer.html#examples">
-          return_opaque_pointer</a>.
-
-    <h2><a name="see-also"></a>See Also</h2>
-        <p>
-          <a href="return_opaque_pointer.html">return_opaque_pointer</a>
-        </p>
-
-    <p>Revised 
-  10 March, 2003
-    </p>
-
-    <p><i>&copy; Copyright 2003 Haufe Mediengruppe. All Rights
-    Reserved.</i></p>
-  </body>
-</html>
-

doc/v2/operators.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/overloads.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/pickle.html

@@ -320,11 +320,9 @@ See also the
 
 <hr>
 
-&copy; Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001-2004. Permission to copy,
-use, modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
-copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as
-is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
-suitability for any purpose.
+&copy; Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001-2004. Distributed under
+  the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
 <p>
 Updated: Feb 2004.

doc/v2/platforms.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/pointee.html

@@ -112,5 +112,8 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(pointee_demo)
 
 
     <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
-    Abrahams</a> 2002. </i>
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. </i>   Distributed
+  under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)</p>
+
 

doc/v2/progress_reports.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/ptr.html

@@ -259,5 +259,7 @@ void pass_as_arg(expensive_to_copy* x, PyObject* f)
 
 
     <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
-    Abrahams</a> 2002. </i>
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. </i> Distributed
+  under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)</p>
 

doc/v2/python.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/raw_function.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/reference.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=
@@ -904,26 +907,26 @@
       </dd>
 
       <dt><a href=
-      "opaque_pointer_converter.html">opaque_pointer_converter.hpp</a></dt>
+      "opaque.html">opaque_pointer_converter.hpp</a></dt>
 
       <dd>
         <dl class="index">
           <dt><a href=
-          "opaque_pointer_converter.html#classes">Classes</a></dt>
+          "opaque.html#classes">Classes</a></dt>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
               <dt><a href=
-              "opaque_pointer_converter.html#opaque_pointer_converter-spec">opaque_pointer_converter</a></dt>
+              "opaque.html#opaque-spec">opaque</a></dt>
             </dl>
           </dd>
 
-          <dt><a href="opaque_pointer_converter.html#macros">Macros</a></dt>
+          <dt><a href="opaque.html#macros">Macros</a></dt>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
               <dt><a href=
-              "opaque_pointer_converter.html#BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec">
+              "opaque.html#BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec">
               BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID</a></dt>
             </dl>
           </dd>
@@ -974,6 +977,7 @@
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="exec.html#eval-spec">eval</a></dt>
               <dt><a href="exec.html#exec-spec">exec</a></dt>
               <dt><a href="exec.html#exec_file-spec">exec_file</a></dt>
             </dl>
@@ -1091,6 +1095,16 @@
           </dd>
         </dl>
       </dd>
+
+      <dt><a href="ssize_t.html">ssize_t.hpp</a></dt>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="ssize_t.html#typedefs">Typedefs</a></dt>
+
+          <dt><a href="ssize_t.html#constants">Constants</a></dt>
+        </dl>
+      </dd>
     </dl>
 
     <h2><a name="topics">Topics</a></h2>

doc/v2/reference_existing_object.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/register_ptr_to_python.html

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

doc/v2/return_arg.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/return_by_value.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/return_internal_reference.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/return_opaque_pointer.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@
           undefined types such that the return value is copied into a
           new Python object.</p>
         <p>In addition to specifying the <code>return_opaque_pointer</code>
-          policy the <a href="opaque_pointer_converter.html#BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec">
+          policy the <a href="opaque.html#BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID-spec">
           <code>BOOST_PYTHON_OPAQUE_SPECIALIZED_TYPE_ID</code></a> macro must be
           used to define specializations for the 
           <a href="type_id.html#type_id-spec">type_id</a> function
@@ -174,8 +177,8 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     <h2><a name="see-also"></a>See Also</h2>
         <p>
-          <a href="opaque_pointer_converter.html">
-            opaque_pointer_converter</a>
+          <a href="opaque.html">
+            opaque</a>
         </p>
 
     <p>Revised 

doc/v2/return_value_policy.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
 <html>
   <head>
     <meta name="generator" content=

doc/v2/scope.html

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
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