Windows2000 mods.

[SVN r10727]

build/bpl_static.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="bpl_static" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Static Library" 0x0104
+
+CFG=bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "bpl_static.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "bpl_static.mak" CFG="bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "bpl_static - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Static Library")
+!MESSAGE "bpl_static - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Static Library")
+!MESSAGE "bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Static Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "bpl_static - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W4 /WX /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /FR /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LIB32=link.exe -lib
+# ADD BASE LIB32 /nologo
+# ADD LIB32 /nologo
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "bpl_static - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W4 /WX /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LIB32=link.exe -lib
+# ADD BASE LIB32 /nologo
+# ADD LIB32 /nologo
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "bpl_static___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "bpl_static___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W4 /WX /Gm /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W4 /WX /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /EHs /c
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LIB32=link.exe -lib
+# ADD BASE LIB32 /nologo
+# ADD LIB32 /nologo
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "bpl_static - Win32 Release"
+# Name "bpl_static - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\classes.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\conversions.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\extension_class.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\functions.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\init_function.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\module_builder.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\objects.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\types.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\base_object.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\callback.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\caller.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
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+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\cast.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\class_builder.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\classes.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\config.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\conversions.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\errors.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\extension_class.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\functions.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\init_function.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\module_builder.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\none.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
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+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
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+# End Source File
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+# End Source File
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+# End Source File
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+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
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+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\wrap_python.hpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/build.dsw

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+Microsoft Developer Studio Workspace File, Format Version 6.00
+# WARNING: DO NOT EDIT OR DELETE THIS WORKSPACE FILE!
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "bpl_static"=.\bpl_static.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "example1"=.\example1\example1.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "getting_started1"=.\getting_started1\getting_started1.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "getting_started2"=.\getting_started2\getting_started2.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+    begin source code control
+    getting_started2
+    .\getting_started2
+    end source code control
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "rwgk1"=.\rwgk1\rwgk1.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "test"=.\test\test.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Global:
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<3>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+

build/como.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Revision History:
+# 17 Apr 01  include cross-module support, compile getting_started1 (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve) UNTESTED!
+# 06 Mar 01  Fixed typo in use of "PYTHON_LIB" (Dave Abrahams)
+# 04 Mar 01  Changed library name to libboost_python.a (David Abrahams)
+
+LIBSRC = \
+    classes.cpp \
+    conversions.cpp \
+    cross_module.cpp \
+    extension_class.cpp \
+    functions.cpp \
+    init_function.cpp \
+    module_builder.cpp \
+    objects.cpp \
+    types.cpp
+        
+LIBOBJ = $(LIBSRC:.cpp=.o)
+OBJ = $(LIBOBJ)
+
+
+ifeq "$(OS)" "Windows_NT"
+PYTHON_LIB=c:/tools/python/libs/python15.lib
+INC = -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include/g++-3 -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include -Ic:/boost -Ic:/tools/python/include
+MODULE_EXTENSION=dll
+else
+INC = -I/usr/local/include/python1.5
+MODULE_EXTENSION=so
+endif
+
+%.o: ../src/%.cpp
+	como --pic $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+%.d: ../src/%.cpp
+	@echo creating $@
+	@set -e; como -M $(INC) -c $< \
+            | sed 's/\($*\)\.o[ :]*/\1.o $@ : /g' > $@; \
+                [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@
+
+getting_started1: getting_started1.o libboost_python.a
+	como-dyn-link -o ../example/getting_started1.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) $(PYTHON_LIB) getting_started1.o -L. -lboost_python
+	ln -s ../test/doctest.py ../example
+	python ../example/test_getting_started1.py
+
+getting_started1.o: ../example/getting_started1.cpp
+	como --pic $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf *.o *.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) *.a *.d *.pyc *.bak a.out
+
+libboost_python.a: $(LIBOBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	ar cq libboost_python.a $(LIBOBJ)
+
+DEP = $(OBJ:.o=.d)
+
+ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
+include $(DEP)
+endif

build/example1/example1.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="example1" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=example1 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "example1.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "example1.mak" CFG="example1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "example1 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "example1 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "example1 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "example1 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386 /out:"Release/hello.dll" /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "example1 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"Debug/hello.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "example1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "example1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "example1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /EHs /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"Debug/hello.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/hello_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "example1 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "example1 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "example1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\example1.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/filemgr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 use os.path, shutil
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+bpl_src = "/libs/python/src"
+bpl_tst = "/libs/python/test"
+bpl_exa = "/libs/python/example"
+files = (
+bpl_src + "/classes.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/conversions.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/extension_class.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/functions.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/init_function.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/module_builder.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/objects.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/types.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/cross_module.cpp",
+bpl_tst + "/comprehensive.cpp",
+bpl_tst + "/comprehensive.hpp",
+bpl_tst + "/comprehensive.py",
+bpl_tst + "/doctest.py",
+bpl_exa + "/abstract.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/getting_started1.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/getting_started2.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/simple_vector.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/do_it_yourself_converters.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/pickle1.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/pickle2.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/pickle3.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/test_abstract.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_getting_started1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_getting_started2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_simple_vector.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_do_it_yourself_converters.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_pickle1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_pickle2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_pickle3.py",
+bpl_exa + "/noncopyable.h",
+bpl_exa + "/noncopyable_export.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/noncopyable_import.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect.h",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect_conversions.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect_defs.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect.h",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect_conversions.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect_defs.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_noncopyable.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_dvect1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_dvect2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_ivect1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_ivect2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_cross_module.py",
+bpl_exa + "/vector_wrapper.h",
+bpl_exa + "/richcmp1.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/richcmp2.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/richcmp3.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/test_richcmp1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_richcmp2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_richcmp3.py",
+)
+
+defs = (
+"boost_python_test",
+"abstract",
+"getting_started1",
+"getting_started2",
+"simple_vector",
+"do_it_yourself_converters",
+"pickle1",
+"pickle2",
+"pickle3",
+"noncopyable_export",
+"noncopyable_import",
+"ivect",
+"dvect",
+"richcmp1",
+"richcmp2",
+"richcmp3",
+)
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+
+  import sys, os, shutil
+
+  path = sys.argv[1]
+  mode = sys.argv[2]
+  if (not mode in ("softlinks", "unlink", "cp", "rm", "copy", "del")):
+    raise RuntimeError, \
+      "usage: python filemgr.py path <softlinks|unlink|cp|rm|copy|del>"
+
+  if (mode in ("cp", "copy")):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      print "Copying: " + f
+      shutil.copy(path + fn, ".")
+
+  elif (mode == "softlinks"):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      if (os.path.exists(f)):
+        print "File exists: " + f
+      else:
+        print "Linking: " + f
+        os.symlink(path + fn, f)
+
+  elif (mode in ("rm", "del")):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      if (os.path.exists(f)):
+        print "Removing: " + f
+        try: os.unlink(f)
+        except: pass
+
+  elif (mode == "unlink"):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      if (os.path.exists(f)):
+        if (os.path.islink(f)):
+          print "Unlinking: " + f
+          try: os.unlink(f)
+          except: pass
+        else:
+          print "Not a softlink: " + f
+
+  if (mode in ("softlinks", "cp", "copy")):
+    for d in defs:
+      fn = d + ".def"
+      print "Creating: " + fn
+      f = open(fn, "w")
+      f.write("EXPORTS\n")
+      f.write("\tinit" + d + "\n")
+      f.close()
+
+  if (mode in ("unlink", "rm", "del")):
+    for d in defs:
+      fn = d + ".def"
+      if (os.path.exists(fn)):
+        print "Removing: " + fn
+        try: os.unlink(fn)
+        except: pass

build/gcc.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#  Revision History
+
+#  17 Apr 01 include cross-module support, compile getting_started1 (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#  17 Apr 01 build shared library (patch provided by Dan Nuffer)
+#  04 Mar 01 Changed library name to libboost_python.a, various cleanups,
+#            attempted Cygwin compatibility. Still needs testing on Linux
+#            (David Abrahams)
+
+
+LIBSRC = \
+    classes.cpp \
+    conversions.cpp \
+    cross_module.cpp \
+    extension_class.cpp \
+    functions.cpp \
+    init_function.cpp \
+    module_builder.cpp \
+    objects.cpp \
+    types.cpp
+
+LIBOBJ = $(LIBSRC:.cpp=.o)
+OBJ = $(LIBOBJ)
+
+LIBNAME = libboost_python
+# libpython2.0.dll
+
+ifeq "$(OS)" "Windows_NT"
+ROOT=c:/cygnus
+INC = -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include/g++-3 -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include -Ic:/boost -I$(PYTHON_INC)
+MODULE_EXTENSION=dll
+PYTHON_LIB=c:/cygnus/usr/local/lib/python2.0/config/libpython2.0.dll.a
+SHARED_LIB = $(LIBNAME).dll
+else
+PYTHON_INC=$(ROOT)/usr/local/Python-2.0/include/python2.0
+BOOST_INC=../../..
+INC = -I$(BOOST_INC) -I$(PYTHON_INC)
+MODULE_EXTENSION=so
+VERSION=1
+SHARED_LIB = $(LIBNAME).so.$(VERSION)
+endif
+
+%.o: ../src/%.cpp
+	g++ -fPIC -Wall -W $(INC) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+%.d: ../src/%.cpp
+	@echo creating $@
+	@set -e; g++ -M $(INC) -c $< \
+            | sed 's/\($*\)\.o[ :]*/\1.o $@ : /g' > $@; \
+                [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@
+
+
+PYTHON = python
+
+all: test $(SHARED_LIB) getting_started1
+
+test: comprehensive.o $(LIBNAME).a $(SHARED_LIB)
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -o ../test/boost_python_test.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) comprehensive.o -L. -lboost_python  $(PYTHON_LIB)
+	$(PYTHON) ../test/comprehensive.py
+
+comprehensive.o: ../test/comprehensive.cpp
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) --template-depth-32 -fPIC -Wall -W $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+
+getting_started1: getting_started1.o $(LIBNAME).a
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -o ../example/getting_started1.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) getting_started1.o -L. -lboost_python  $(PYTHON_LIB)
+	ln -s ../test/doctest.py ../example
+	$(PYTHON) ../example/test_getting_started1.py
+
+getting_started1.o: ../example/getting_started1.cpp
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) --template-depth-32 -fPIC -Wall -W $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf *.o *.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) *.a *.d *.pyc *.bak a.out
+
+$(LIBNAME).a: $(LIBOBJ)
+	rm -f $@
+	ar cqs $@ $(LIBOBJ)
+
+$(SHARED_LIB): $(LIBOBJ)
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -o $@ -Wl,--soname=$(LIBNAME).$(MODULE_EXTENSION)
+
+DEP = $(OBJ:.o=.d)
+
+ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
+include $(DEP)
+endif

build/getting_started1/getting_started1.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="getting_started1" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started1.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started1.mak" CFG="getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "getting_started1 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started1 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=xicl6.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started1 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386 /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started1 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /GR /GX /ZI /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /pdb:"DebugPython/boost_python_test_d.pdb" /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/getting_started1_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+# SUBTRACT LINK32 /pdb:none
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "getting_started1 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "getting_started1 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\getting_started1.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/getting_started2/getting_started2.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="getting_started2" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started2.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started2.mak" CFG="getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "getting_started2 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started2 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName "getting_started2"
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath "."
+CPP=xicl6.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started2 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386 /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started2 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/getting_started2_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\pcbuild"
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "getting_started2 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "getting_started2 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\getting_started2.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/irix_CC.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   Create a new empty directory anywhere (preferably not in the boost tree).
+#   Copy this Makefile to that new directory and rename it to "Makefile"
+#   Adjust the pathnames below.
+#
+#   make softlinks     Create softlinks to source code and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make unlink        Remove softlinks
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=$(HOME)
+BOOST=$(ROOT)/boost
+
+PYEXE=/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/bin/python
+PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=/usr/local/Python-2.1/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-2.1/include/python2.1
+STLPORTINC=-I$(BOOST)/boost/compatibility/cpp_c_headers
+
+STDOPTS=
+WARNOPTS=-woff 1001,1234,1682
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=CC -LANG:std -n32 -mips4
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+MAKEDEP=-M
+
+LD=CC -LANG:std -n32 -mips4
+LDOPTS=-shared
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+DEPOBJ=$(OBJ) \
+       comprehensive.o \
+       abstract.o \
+       getting_started1.o getting_started2.o \
+       simple_vector.o \
+       do_it_yourself_converters.o \
+       pickle1.o pickle2.o pickle3.o \
+       noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_import.o \
+       ivect.o dvect.o \
+       richcmp1.o richcmp2.o richcmp3.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     boost_python_test.so \
+     abstract.so \
+     getting_started1.so getting_started2.so \
+     simple_vector.so \
+     do_it_yourself_converters.so \
+     pickle1.so pickle2.so pickle3.so \
+     noncopyable_export.so noncopyable_import.so \
+     ivect.so dvect.so \
+     richcmp1.so richcmp2.so richcmp3.so
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	$(CPP) -ar -o libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.so: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.o -o boost_python_test.so -lm
+
+abstract.so: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.o -o abstract.so
+
+getting_started1.so: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.o -o getting_started1.so
+
+getting_started2.so: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.o -o getting_started2.so
+
+simple_vector.so: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.o -o simple_vector.so
+
+do_it_yourself_converters.so: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o -o do_it_yourself_converters.so
+
+pickle1.so: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.o -o pickle1.so
+
+pickle2.so: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.o -o pickle2.so
+
+pickle3.so: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.o -o pickle3.so
+
+noncopyable_export.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_export.o -o noncopyable_export.so
+
+noncopyable_import.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_import.o -o noncopyable_import.so
+
+ivect.so: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) ivect.o -o ivect.so
+
+dvect.so: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) dvect.o -o dvect.so
+
+richcmp1.so: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.o -o richcmp1.so
+
+richcmp2.so: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.o -o richcmp2.so
+
+richcmp3.so: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.o -o richcmp3.so
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_converters.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJ) libboost_python.a libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f comprehensive.o boost_python_test.so
+	rm -f abstract.o abstract.so
+	rm -f getting_started1.o getting_started1.so
+	rm -f getting_started2.o getting_started2.so
+	rm -f simple_vector.o simple_vector.so
+	rm -f do_it_yourself_converters.o do_it_yourself_converters.so
+	rm -f pickle1.o pickle1.so
+	rm -f pickle2.o pickle2.so
+	rm -f pickle3.o pickle3.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_export.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_import.o noncopyable_import.so
+	rm -f ivect.o ivect.so
+	rm -f dvect.o dvect.so
+	rm -f richcmp1.o richcmp1.so
+	rm -f richcmp2.o richcmp2.so
+	rm -f richcmp3.o richcmp3.so
+	rm -f so_locations *.pyc
+	rm -rf ii_files
+
+softlinks:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) unlink
+
+cp:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) cp
+
+rm:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) rm
+
+depend:
+	@ cat Makefile.nodepend; \
+          for obj in $(DEPOBJ); \
+          do \
+            bn=`echo "$$obj" | cut -d. -f1`; \
+            $(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) $(MAKEDEP) "$$bn".cpp; \
+          done
+

build/linux_gcc.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   Create a new empty directory anywhere (preferably not in the boost tree).
+#   Copy this Makefile to that new directory and rename it to "Makefile"
+#   Adjust the pathnames below.
+#
+#   make softlinks     Create softlinks to source code and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make unlink        Remove softlinks
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=$(HOME)
+BOOST=$(ROOT)/boost
+
+PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/bin/python
+PYINC=-I/usr/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=/usr/local/Python-2.1/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-2.1/include/python2.1
+
+STDOPTS=-fPIC -ftemplate-depth-21
+WARNOPTS=
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=g++
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+MAKEDEP=-M
+
+LD=$(CPP)
+LDOPTS=-shared
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+DEPOBJ=$(OBJ) \
+       comprehensive.o \
+       abstract.o \
+       getting_started1.o getting_started2.o \
+       simple_vector.o \
+       do_it_yourself_converters.o \
+       pickle1.o pickle2.o pickle3.o \
+       noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_import.o \
+       ivect.o dvect.o \
+       richcmp1.o richcmp2.o richcmp3.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     boost_python_test.so \
+     abstract.so \
+     getting_started1.so getting_started2.so \
+     simple_vector.so \
+     do_it_yourself_converters.so \
+     pickle1.so pickle2.so pickle3.so \
+     noncopyable_export.so noncopyable_import.so \
+     ivect.so dvect.so \
+     richcmp1.so richcmp2.so richcmp3.so
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	ar r libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.so: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.o -o boost_python_test.so -lm
+
+abstract.so: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.o -o abstract.so
+
+getting_started1.so: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.o -o getting_started1.so
+
+getting_started2.so: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.o -o getting_started2.so
+
+simple_vector.so: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.o -o simple_vector.so
+
+do_it_yourself_converters.so: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o -o do_it_yourself_converters.so
+
+pickle1.so: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.o -o pickle1.so
+
+pickle2.so: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.o -o pickle2.so
+
+pickle3.so: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.o -o pickle3.so
+
+noncopyable_export.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_export.o -o noncopyable_export.so
+
+noncopyable_import.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_import.o -o noncopyable_import.so
+
+ivect.so: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) ivect.o -o ivect.so
+
+dvect.so: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) dvect.o -o dvect.so
+
+richcmp1.so: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.o -o richcmp1.so
+
+richcmp2.so: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.o -o richcmp2.so
+
+richcmp3.so: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.o -o richcmp3.so
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_converters.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJ) libboost_python.a libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f comprehensive.o boost_python_test.so
+	rm -f abstract.o abstract.so
+	rm -f getting_started1.o getting_started1.so
+	rm -f getting_started2.o getting_started2.so
+	rm -f simple_vector.o simple_vector.so
+	rm -f do_it_yourself_converters.o do_it_yourself_converters.so
+	rm -f pickle1.o pickle1.so
+	rm -f pickle2.o pickle2.so
+	rm -f pickle3.o pickle3.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_export.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_import.o noncopyable_import.so
+	rm -f ivect.o ivect.so
+	rm -f dvect.o dvect.so
+	rm -f richcmp1.o richcmp1.so
+	rm -f richcmp2.o richcmp2.so
+	rm -f richcmp3.o richcmp3.so
+	rm -f so_locations *.pyc
+
+softlinks:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) unlink
+
+cp:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) cp
+
+rm:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) rm
+
+depend:
+	@ cat Makefile.nodepend; \
+          for obj in $(DEPOBJ); \
+          do \
+            bn=`echo "$$obj" | cut -d. -f1`; \
+            $(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) $(MAKEDEP) "$$bn".cpp; \
+          done
+

build/mingw32.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   make copy          Copy the sources and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make del           Remove the sources and tests
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+# To install mingw32, follow instructions at:
+#   http://starship.python.net/crew/kernr/mingw32/Notes.html
+# In particular, install:
+#   ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/gcc-2.95.2/gcc-2.95.2-msvcrt.exe
+#   ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/gcc-2.95.2/fixes/quote-fix-msvcrt.exe
+#   http://starship.python.net/crew/kernr/mingw32/Python-1.5.2-mingw32.zip
+# Unpack the first two archives in the default locations and update your PATH.
+# Unpack the third archive in \usr.
+
+# Note: comprehensive.cpp generates compiler errors and later crashes.
+#   L:\boost\boost\python\detail\extension_class.hpp:643: warning:
+#   alignment of `vtable for class
+#   boost::python::detail::held_instance<bpl_test::Derived1>'
+#   is greater than maximum object file alignment. Using 16.
+# Could this be fixed with compiler options?
+# -fhuge-objects looks interesting, but requires recompiling the C++ library.
+#                (what exactly does that mean?)
+# -fvtable-thunks eliminates the compiler warning, but
+#                 "import boost_python_test" still causes a crash.
+
+ROOT=L:
+BOOST_WIN="$(ROOT)\boost"
+BOOST_UNIX=$(HOME)/boost
+
+PYEXE="C:\Program files\Python\python.exe"
+PYINC=-I"C:\usr\include\python1.5"
+PYLIB="C:\usr\lib\libpython15.a"
+
+STDOPTS=-ftemplate-depth-21
+WARNOPTS=
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=g++
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST_WIN) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+
+LD=g++
+LDOPTS=-shared
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     abstract.pyd \
+     getting_started1.pyd getting_started2.pyd \
+     simple_vector.pyd \
+     do_it_yourself_converters.pyd \
+     pickle1.pyd pickle2.pyd pickle3.pyd \
+     noncopyable_export.pyd noncopyable_import.pyd \
+     ivect.pyd dvect.pyd \
+     richcmp1.pyd richcmp2.pyd richcmp3.pyd
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	-del libboost_python.a
+	ar r libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+DLLWRAPOPTS=-s --driver-name g++ -s \
+            --entry _DllMainCRTStartup@12 --target=i386-mingw32
+
+boost_python_test.pyd: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname boost_python_test.pyd \
+          --def boost_python_test.def \
+          $(OBJ) comprehensive.o $(PYLIB)
+
+abstract.pyd: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname abstract.pyd \
+          --def abstract.def \
+          $(OBJ) abstract.o $(PYLIB)
+
+getting_started1.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname getting_started1.pyd \
+          --def getting_started1.def \
+          $(OBJ) getting_started1.o $(PYLIB)
+
+getting_started2.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname getting_started2.pyd \
+          --def getting_started2.def \
+          $(OBJ) getting_started2.o $(PYLIB)
+
+simple_vector.pyd: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname simple_vector.pyd \
+          --def simple_vector.def \
+          $(OBJ) simple_vector.o $(PYLIB)
+
+do_it_yourself_converters.pyd: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname do_it_yourself_converters.pyd \
+          --def do_it_yourself_converters.def \
+          $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o $(PYLIB)
+
+pickle1.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname pickle1.pyd \
+          --def pickle1.def \
+          $(OBJ) pickle1.o $(PYLIB)
+
+pickle2.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname pickle2.pyd \
+          --def pickle2.def \
+          $(OBJ) pickle2.o $(PYLIB)
+
+pickle3.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname pickle3.pyd \
+          --def pickle3.def \
+          $(OBJ) pickle3.o $(PYLIB)
+
+noncopyable_export.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname noncopyable_export.pyd \
+          --def noncopyable_export.def \
+          $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o $(PYLIB)
+
+noncopyable_import.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname noncopyable_import.pyd \
+          --def noncopyable_import.def \
+          $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o $(PYLIB)
+
+ivect.pyd: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname ivect.pyd \
+          --def ivect.def \
+          $(OBJ) ivect.o $(PYLIB)
+
+dvect.pyd: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname dvect.pyd \
+          --def dvect.def \
+          $(OBJ) dvect.o $(PYLIB)
+
+richcmp1.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname richcmp1.pyd \
+          --def richcmp1.def \
+          $(OBJ) richcmp1.o $(PYLIB)
+
+richcmp2.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname richcmp2.pyd \
+          --def richcmp2.def \
+          $(OBJ) richcmp2.o $(PYLIB)
+
+richcmp3.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname richcmp3.pyd \
+          --def richcmp3.def \
+          $(OBJ) richcmp3.o $(PYLIB)
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+#	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_converters.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	-del *.o
+	-del *.a
+	-del *.pyd
+	-del *.pyc
+
+softlinks:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) unlink
+
+cp:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) cp
+
+rm:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) rm
+
+copy:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) copy
+
+del:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) del

build/rwgk1/rwgk1.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="rwgk1" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "rwgk1.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "rwgk1.mak" CFG="rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "rwgk1 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "rwgk1 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "rwgk1 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386 /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "rwgk1 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "rwgk1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "rwgk1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/rwgk1_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"C:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "rwgk1 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "rwgk1 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\rwgk1.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/test/test.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="test" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=test - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "test.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "test.mak" CFG="test - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "test - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "test - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "test - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "test - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /Zm200 /c
+# SUBTRACT CPP /Fr
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386 /out:"Release/boost_python_test.dll" /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "test - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /Zm200 /c
+# SUBTRACT CPP /Fr
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"Debug/boost_python_test.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# SUBTRACT LINK32 /pdb:none
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "test - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "test___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "test___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /Zm200 /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /Zm200 /EHs /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# SUBTRACT BASE LINK32 /pdb:none
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/boost_python_test_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+# SUBTRACT LINK32 /pdb:none
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "test - Win32 Release"
+# Name "test - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "test - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\test\comprehensive.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\test\comprehensive.hpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/tru64_cxx.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   Create a new empty directory anywhere (preferably not in the boost tree).
+#   Copy this Makefile to that new directory and rename it to "Makefile"
+#   Adjust the pathnames below.
+#
+#   make softlinks     Create softlinks to source code and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make unlink        Remove softlinks
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=$(HOME)
+BOOST=$(ROOT)/boost
+
+PYEXE=/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/bin/python
+PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=/usr/local/Python-2.1/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-2.1/include/python2.1
+#STLPORTINC=-I/usr/local/STLport-4.1b3/stlport
+#STLPORTINC=-I/usr/local/STLport-4.1b4/stlport
+#STLPORTOPTS= \
+# -D__USE_STD_IOSTREAM \
+# -D__STL_NO_SGI_IOSTREAMS \
+# -D__STL_USE_NATIVE_STRING \
+# -D__STL_NO_NEW_C_HEADERS \
+# -D_RWSTD_COMPILE_INSTANTIATE=1
+STLPORTINC=-I$(BOOST)/boost/compatibility/cpp_c_headers
+
+STDOPTS=-std strict_ansi
+# use -msg_display_number to obtain integer tags for -msg_disable
+WARNOPTS=-msg_disable 186,450,1115
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=cxx
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+MAKEDEP=-Em
+
+LD=cxx
+LDOPTS=-shared -expect_unresolved 'Py*' -expect_unresolved '_Py*'
+
+#HIDDEN=-hidden
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+DEPOBJ=$(OBJ) \
+       comprehensive.o \
+       abstract.o \
+       getting_started1.o getting_started2.o \
+       simple_vector.o \
+       do_it_yourself_converters.o \
+       pickle1.o pickle2.o pickle3.o \
+       noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_import.o \
+       ivect.o dvect.o \
+       richcmp1.o richcmp2.o richcmp3.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     boost_python_test.so \
+     abstract.so \
+     getting_started1.so getting_started2.so \
+     simple_vector.so \
+     do_it_yourself_converters.so \
+     pickle1.so pickle2.so pickle3.so \
+     noncopyable_export.so noncopyable_import.so \
+     ivect.so dvect.so \
+     richcmp1.so richcmp2.so richcmp3.so
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	cd cxx_repository; \
+          ls -1 > ../libboost_python.a.input; \
+          ar r ../libboost_python.a -input ../libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f libboost_python.a.input
+	ar r libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.so: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.o -o boost_python_test.so -lm
+
+abstract.so: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.o -o abstract.so
+
+getting_started1.so: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.o -o getting_started1.so
+
+getting_started2.so: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.o -o getting_started2.so
+
+simple_vector.so: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.o -o simple_vector.so
+
+do_it_yourself_converters.so: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.o -o do_it_yourself_converters.so
+
+pickle1.so: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.o -o pickle1.so
+
+pickle2.so: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.o -o pickle2.so
+
+pickle3.so: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.o -o pickle3.so
+
+noncopyable_export.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_export.o -o noncopyable_export.so
+
+noncopyable_import.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_import.o -o noncopyable_import.so
+
+ivect.so: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) ivect.o -o ivect.so
+
+dvect.so: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) dvect.o -o dvect.so
+
+richcmp1.so: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.o -o richcmp1.so
+
+richcmp2.so: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.o -o richcmp2.so
+
+richcmp3.so: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.o -o richcmp3.so
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_converters.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJ) libboost_python.a libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f comprehensive.o boost_python_test.so
+	rm -f abstract.o abstract.so
+	rm -f getting_started1.o getting_started1.so
+	rm -f getting_started2.o getting_started2.so
+	rm -f simple_vector.o simple_vector.so
+	rm -f do_it_yourself_converters.o do_it_yourself_converters.so
+	rm -f pickle1.o pickle1.so
+	rm -f pickle2.o pickle2.so
+	rm -f pickle3.o pickle3.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_export.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_import.o noncopyable_import.so
+	rm -f ivect.o ivect.so
+	rm -f dvect.o dvect.so
+	rm -f richcmp1.o richcmp1.so
+	rm -f richcmp2.o richcmp2.so
+	rm -f richcmp3.o richcmp3.so
+	rm -f so_locations *.pyc
+	rm -rf cxx_repository
+
+softlinks:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) unlink
+
+cp:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) cp
+
+rm:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) rm
+
+depend:
+	@ cat Makefile.nodepend; \
+          for obj in $(DEPOBJ); \
+          do \
+            bn=`echo "$$obj" | cut -d. -f1`; \
+            $(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) $(MAKEDEP) "$$bn".cpp; \
+          done
+

build/vc60.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   make copy          Copy the sources and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make del           Remove the sources and tests
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=L:
+BOOST_WIN="$(ROOT)\boost"
+BOOST_UNIX=$(HOME)/boost
+
+PYEXE="C:\Program files\Python\python.exe"
+PYINC=/I"C:\Program files\Python\include"
+PYLIB="C:\Program files\Python\libs\python15.lib"
+#PYEXE="C:\Python21\python.exe"
+#PYINC=/I"C:\Python21\include"
+#PYLIB="C:\Python21\libs\python21.lib"
+
+STDOPTS=/nologo /MD /GR /GX /Zm200
+WARNOPTS=
+OPTOPTS=
+
+CPP=cl.exe
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) /I$(BOOST_WIN) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+
+LD=link.exe
+LDOPTS=/nologo /dll /incremental:no
+
+OBJ=classes.obj conversions.obj extension_class.obj functions.obj \
+    init_function.obj module_builder.obj \
+    objects.obj types.obj cross_module.obj
+
+.SUFFIXES: .obj .cpp
+
+all: boost_python.lib \
+     boost_python_test.pyd \
+     abstract.pyd \
+     getting_started1.pyd getting_started2.pyd \
+     simple_vector.pyd \
+     do_it_yourself_converters.pyd \
+     pickle1.pyd pickle2.pyd pickle3.pyd \
+     noncopyable_export.pyd noncopyable_import.pyd \
+     ivect.pyd dvect.pyd \
+     richcmp1.pyd richcmp2.pyd richcmp3.pyd
+
+boost_python.lib: $(OBJ)
+	$(LD) -lib /nologo /out:boost_python.lib $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.pyd: $(OBJ) comprehensive.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initboost_python_test /out:"boost_python_test.pyd"
+
+abstract.pyd: $(OBJ) abstract.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initabstract /out:"abstract.pyd"
+
+getting_started1.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started1.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initgetting_started1 /out:"getting_started1.pyd"
+
+getting_started2.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started2.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initgetting_started2 /out:"getting_started2.pyd"
+
+simple_vector.pyd: $(OBJ) simple_vector.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initsimple_vector /out:"simple_vector.pyd"
+
+do_it_yourself_converters.pyd: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_converters.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initdo_it_yourself_converters /out:"do_it_yourself_converters.pyd"
+
+pickle1.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle1.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initpickle1 /out:"pickle1.pyd"
+
+pickle2.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle2.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initpickle2 /out:"pickle2.pyd"
+
+pickle3.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle3.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initpickle3 /out:"pickle3.pyd"
+
+noncopyable_export.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initnoncopyable_export /out:"noncopyable_export.pyd"
+
+noncopyable_import.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initnoncopyable_import /out:"noncopyable_import.pyd"
+
+ivect.pyd: $(OBJ) ivect.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) ivect.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initivect /out:"ivect.pyd"
+
+dvect.pyd: $(OBJ) dvect.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) dvect.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initdvect /out:"dvect.pyd"
+
+richcmp1.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp1.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initrichcmp1 /out:"richcmp1.pyd"
+
+richcmp2.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp2.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initrichcmp2 /out:"richcmp2.pyd"
+
+richcmp3.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp3.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initrichcmp3 /out:"richcmp3.pyd"
+
+.cpp.obj:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) /c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py --broken-auto-ptr 
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_converters.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py --broken-auto-ptr
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	-del *.obj
+	-del *.lib
+	-del *.exp
+	-del *.idb
+	-del *.pyd
+	-del *.pyc
+
+softlinks:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) unlink
+
+cp:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) cp
+
+rm:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) rm
+
+copy:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) copy
+
+del:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) del

doc/#index.html#

@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
-    <title>
-      py_cpp Python/C++ binding documentation
-    </title>
-    <h1>
-       <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" width="277"
-      align="center" height="86"> py_cpp<a href="#naming_contest">*</a>
-    </h1>
-
-    <p>
-       The source code for py_cpp, including a MSVC demo project is available <a
-      href="py_cpp_20001106.zip">here</a>. 
-
-<h2>Synopsis</h2>
-    <p>
-       py_cpp is a system for quickly and easily interfacing C++ code with <a
-      href="http:www.python.org">Python</a> such that the Python interface is
-      very similar to the C++ interface. It is designed to be minimally
-      intrusive on your C++ design. In most cases, you should not have to alter
-      your C++ classes in any way in order to use them with py_cpp. The system
-      <em>should</em> simply &ldquo;reflect&rdquo; your C++ classes and functions into
-      Python. The major features of py_cpp include support for:
-<ul>
-<li><a href="inheritance.hml">Subclassing extension types in Python</a>
-<li><a href="overriding.html">Overriding virtual functions in Python</a>
-<li><a href="overloading.html">[Member] function Overloading</a>
-<li><a href="special.html#numeric_auto">Automatic wrapping of numeric operators</a>
-</ul>
-among others.
-
-
-<h2>Supported Platforms</h2>
-<p>py_cpp has been tested in the following configurations:
-
-<ul>
-<li>Against Python 1.5.2 using the following compiler/library: 
-
-  <ul>
-  <li><a
-  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a> 
-
-  <li><a
-  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a>/<a
-  href="http://www.stlport.org">STLport 4.0</a> 
-
-  <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">GCC 2.95.2</a> [by <a href="mailto:koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de">Ullrich
-  Koethe</a>]
-
-  <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">GCC 2.95.2</a>/<a href="http://www.stlport.org">STLport 4.0</a>
-
-  <li>Compaq C++ V6.2-024 for Digital UNIX V5.0 Rev. 910 (an <a
-  href="http://www.edg.com/">EDG</a>-based compiler) with <a
-  href="http://www.stlport.org/beta.html">STLport-4.1b3</a> [by <a
-  href="mailto:rwgk@cci.lbl.gov">Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve</a>] 
-
-  <li>An upcoming release of <a href="http://www.metrowerks.com/products/windows/">Metrowerks CodeWarrior
-        Pro6 for Windows</a> (the first release has a bug that's fatal to py_cpp)
-  </ul>
-<br>
-<li>Against Python 2.0 using the following compiler/library combinations:
-<ul>
-  <li><a
-  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a> [by
-  <a href="mailto:aleaxit@yahoo.com">Alex Martelli</a>]
-</ul>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Py_cpp requires the <a href="http://www.boost.org">boost</a> libraries, and is
-      has been accepted for inclusion into the boost libraries pending &ldquo;boostification&ldquo;
-      (completion of the documentation, change in some naming conventions and
-      resolution of some namespace issues).
-
-<h2>Credits</h2>
-<ul>
-      <li><a href="mailto:abrahams@mediaone.net">David Abrahams</a> originated
-      and wrote py_cpp.
-
-      <li><a href="mailto:koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de">Ullrich Koethe</a>
-      had independently developed a similar system. When he discovered py_cpp,
-      he generously contributed countless hours of coding and much insight into
-      improving it. He is responsible for an early version of the support for <a
-      href="overloading.html">function overloading</a> and wrote the support for
-      <a href="inheritance.html#implicit_conversion">reflecting C++ inheritance
-      relationships</a>. He has helped to improve error-reporting from both
-      Python and C++, and has designed an extremely easy-to-use way of 
-      exposing <a href="special.html#numeric">numeric operators</a>, including
-      a way to avoid explicit coercion by means of overloading.
-
-      <li>The members of the boost mailing list and the Python community supplied
-      invaluable early feedback. In particular, Ron Clarke, Mark Evans, Anton
-      Gluck, Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve, Prabhu Ramachandran, and Barry Scott took
-      the brave step of trying to use py_cpp while it was still in early stages
-      of development.
-
-      <li>The development of py_cpp wouldn't have been
-      possible without the generous support of <a href="http://www.dragonsys.com/">Dragon Systems/Lernout and
-      Hauspie, Inc</a> who supported its development as an open-source project.
-</ul>
-
-    <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
-
-    <ol>
-      <li><a href="extending.html">A Brief Introduction to writing Python
-        extension modules</a>
-
-      <li><a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons between py_cpp and other
-        systems for extending Python</a>
-
-      <li><a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using py_cpp</a>
-
-      <li><a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
-
-      <li><a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
-
-      <li><a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a>
-
-      <li><a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
-
-      <li><a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
-
-      <li><a href="building.html">Building a Module with Py_cpp</a>
-
-      <li>Advanced Topics
-
-        <ol>
-          <li>class_builder&lt;&gt;
-
-          <li><a href="enums.html">enums</a>
-
-          <li>References
-
-          <li><a href="pointers.html">Pointers and Smart Pointers</a>
-
-          <li>Built-in Python Types
-
-          <li>Other Extension Types
-
-          <li>Templates
-        </ol>
-          
-</ol>  
- 
-    <p>
-       More sophisticated examples are given in
-      <code>extclass_demo.cpp</code>, <code> extclass_demo.h</code>, and <code>
-      test_extclass.py</code> in the <a href="py_cpp.tgz">source code
-      archive</a>. There's much more here, and much more documentation to
-      come...
-    <p>
-       Questions should be directed to <a href= 
-      "http://www.egroups.com/list/boost">the boost mailing list</a>.
-
-    <h2>Naming Contest</h2>
-
-    <p>
-       Yes, I know py_cpp is a lousy name. Problem is, the best names my puny
-      imagination can muster (IDLE and GRAIL) are taken, so I'm holding a
-      naming contest. First prize? You get to pick the name&lt;0.2wink&gt; and
-      you will be credited in the documentation. Names that have been suggested
-      so far include:
-    <ul>
-      <li>
-        Py++
-      <li>
-        Python++
-      <li>
-        Coil
-      <li>
-        SnakeSkin
-      <li>
-        CCCP - <b>C</b>onvert <b>C</b>++ <b>
-        C</b>lasses to <b>P</b>ython
-      <li>
-        C<sup>3</sup>PO - <b>C</b>onvert <b>C</b>++
-        <b>C</b>lasses to <b>P</b>ython <b>
-        O</b>bjects
-      <li>
-        PALIN - <b>P</b>ython <b>
-        A</b>ugmented-<b>L</b>anguage <b>
-        IN</b>tegration
-      <li>
-        CLEESE - <b>C</b>++ <b>L</b>anguage <b>E</b>xtension <b>E</b>nvironment
-        <b>S</b>upremely <b>E</b>asy
-      <li>
-        JONES - <b>J</b>ust <b>O</b>bscenely <b>N</b>eat <b>E</b>xtension
-        <b>S</b>ystem
-      <li>
-        C-thru
-      <li>
-        SeamlessC
-      <li>
-        BorderCrossing
-      <li>
-        Perseus (because he solved a hairy problem involving snakes by using
-        reflection and was invisible most of the time).
-    </ul>
-    Please <a href="http://www.egroups.com/list/boost">post</a> or send <a
-    href="http:mailto:abrahams@mediaone.net">me</a> your suggestions!<br>
-     <br>
-     
-    <p>
-       &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &ldquo;as is&rdquo; without
-      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-      any purpose.
-    <p>
-       Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-
-

doc/building.html

@@ -1,43 +1,180 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      Building a Module with Py_cpp
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Building a Module with Py_cpp
-      </h1>
-      <p>
-         Right now, the only supported configuration is one in which the py_cpp
-         source files are statically linked with the source for your extension
-         module. You may first build them into a library and link it with your
-         extension module source, but the effect is the same as compiling all
-         the source files together. Some users have successfully built the
-         py_cpp sources into a shared library, and support for a shared library
-         build is planned, but not yet implemented. The py_cpp source files are:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/extension_class.cpp">extclass.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/functions.cpp">functions.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/init_function.cpp">init_function.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/module_builder.cpp">module.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/types.cpp">newtypes.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/objects.cpp">objects.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/conversions.cpp">py.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/classes.cpp">subclass.cpp</a>
-         </pre>
-         </blockquote>
-               <p>
-         Previous: <a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &ldquo;as
-        is&rdquo; without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
-        its suitability for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+
+    <title>Building an Extension Module</title>
+
+    <div>
+      <h1><img width="277" height="86" align="center" src=
+      "../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Building an
+      Extension Module</h1>
+
+      <p>The build process for Boost is currently undergoing some evolution,
+      and, it is to be hoped, improvement. The following facts may help:
+
+      <hr>
+      Makefiles for various platforms and a Visual Studio project
+      reside in the Boost subdirectory <tt>libs/python/build</tt>.
+      Build targets include:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>The <tt>boost_python</tt> library for static linking with your
+        extension module. On the various Unices, this library will be
+        called <tt>libboost_python.a</tt>. When using Visual C++, the
+        library will be called <tt>boost_python.lib</tt>.
+
+        <p>
+        <li>A comprehensive test of Boost.Python features. This test builds
+        a Boost.Python extension module, then runs Python to import the
+        module, and runs a series of tests on it using <tt><a href=
+        "../test/doctest.py">doctest</a></tt>. Source code for the module
+        and tests is available in the Boost subdirectory
+        <tt>libs/python/test</tt>.
+
+        <p>
+        <li>Various examples from the Boost subdirectory
+        <tt>libs/python/example</tt>.
+        All these examples include a doctest modeled
+        on the comprehensive test above.
+
+      </ul>
+
+      <hr>
+      There is a group of makefiles with support for simultaneous
+      compilation on multiple platforms and a consistent set of
+      features that build the <tt>boost_python</tt> library for static
+      linking, the comprehensive test, and all examples in
+      <tt>libs/python/example</tt>:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="../build/vc60.mak">vc60.mak</a>:
+        Visual C++ 6.0 Service Pack 4
+
+        <li><a href="../build/mingw32.mak">mingw32.mak</a>:
+        mingw32 (Win32-targeted) gcc 2.95.2
+
+        <li><a href="../build/linux_gcc.mak">linux_gcc.mak</a>:
+        gcc 2.95.2 on Linux/Unix
+
+        <li><a href="../build/tru64_cxx.mak">tru64_cxx.mak</a>:
+        Compaq Alpha using the Compaq cxx compiler
+
+        <li><a href="../build/irix_CC.mak">irix_CC.mak</a>:
+        Silicon Graphics IRIX 6.5 CC compiler
+
+      </ul>
+      <a href="http://cctbx.sourceforge.net/page_installation_adv.html#installation_boost_python"
+      >Usage of these makefiles is described here.</a>
+
+      <hr>
+      There is another group of makefiles for GNU make.
+      These makefiles are less redundant than the makefiles
+      in the group above,
+      but the list of compilation targets is not as complete
+      and there is no support for simultaneous compilation
+      on multiple platforms.
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="../build/como.mak">como.mak</a>:
+        Comeau C++ on Linux
+
+        <li><a href="../build/gcc.mak">gcc.mak</a>:
+        GCC on Linux/Unix.
+
+      </ul>
+
+      <hr>
+      A project workspace for Microsoft Visual Studio is provided at <tt><a
+      href="../build/build.dsw">libs/python/build/build.dsw</a></tt>. The
+      include paths for this project may need to be changed for your
+      installation. They currently assume that python has been installed at
+      <tt>c:\tools\python</tt>. Three configurations of all targets are
+      supported:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>Release (optimization, <tt>-DNDEBUG</tt>)
+
+        <li>Debug (no optimization <tt>-D_DEBUG</tt>)
+
+        <li>DebugPython (no optimization, <tt>-D_DEBUG
+        -DBOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt>)
+      </ul>
+
+      <p>When extension modules are built with Visual C++ using
+      <tt>-D_DEBUG</tt>, Python defaults to <i>force</i> linking with a
+      special debugging version of the Python DLL. Since this debug DLL
+      isn't supplied with the default Python installation for Windows,
+      Boost.Python uses <tt><a href=
+      "../../../boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp">boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp</a></tt>
+      to temporarily undefine <tt>_DEBUG</tt> when <tt>Python.h</tt> is
+      <tt>#include</tt>d.
+
+      <p>If you want the extra runtime checks available with the debugging
+      version of the library, <tt>#define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt> to
+      re-enable library forcing, and link with the DebugPython version of
+      <tt>boost_python.lib</tt>. You'll need to get the debugging version
+      of the Python executable (<tt>python_d.exe</tt>) and DLL
+      (<tt>python20_d.dll</tt> or <tt>python15_d.dll</tt>). The Python
+      sources include project files for building these. If you <a href=
+      "http://www.python.org">download</a> them, change the name of the
+      top-level directory to <tt>src</tt>, and install it under
+      <tt>c:\tools\python</tt>, the workspace supplied by Boost.Python will
+      be able to use it without modification. Just open
+      <tt>c:\tools\python\src\pcbuild\pcbuild.dsw</tt> and invoke "build
+      all" to generate all the debugging targets.
+
+      <p>If you do not <tt>#define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt>, be sure that
+      any source files <tt>#include &lt;<a href=
+          "../../../boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp">boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp</a>&gt;</tt>
+      instead of the usual <tt>Python.h</tt>, or you will have link
+      incompatibilities.<br>
+
+      <hr>
+      If your platform isn't directly supported, you can build a static
+      library from the following source files (in the Boost subdirectory
+      <tt>libs/python/src</tt>), or compile them directly and link the
+      resulting objects into your extension module:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/classes.cpp">classes.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/conversions.cpp">conversions.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/cross_module.cpp">cross_module.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/extension_class.cpp">extension_class.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/functions.cpp">functions.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/init_function.cpp">init_function.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/module_builder.cpp">module_builder.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/objects.cpp">objects.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/types.cpp">types.cpp</a>
+      </ul>
+
+      <hr>
+      Next: <a href="enums.html">Wrapping Enums</a> Previous: <a href=
+      "under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a> Up: <a href=
+      "index.html">Top</a>
+
+      <hr>
+      <p>&copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
+      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+      any purpose.
+
+      <p>Updated: Apr 17, 2001 (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+    </div>

doc/comparisons.html

@@ -6,20 +6,23 @@
     <div>
       <h1>
          <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Comparisons with
+        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"><br>
+        Comparisons with
         Other Systems
       </h1>
       
       <h2>CXX</h2>
       <p>
-        Like py_cpp, <a href="http://cxx.sourceforge.net/">CXX</a> attempts to
-        provide a C++-oriented interface to Python. In most cases, like py_cpp,
-        it relieves the user from worrying about reference-counts. As far as I
-        can tell, there is no support for subclassing C++ extension types in
-        Python. An even more-significant difference is that a user's C++ code is
-        still basically &ldquo;dealing with Python objects&rdquo;, though they are wrapped
-        in C++ classes. This means such jobs as argument parsing and conversion
-        are still left to be done explicitly by the user. 
+        Like Boost.Python, <a href="http://cxx.sourceforge.net/">CXX</a> attempts to
+        provide a C++-oriented interface to Python. In most cases, as with the
+        boost library, it relieves the user from worrying about
+        reference-counts. Both libraries automatically convert thrown C++
+        exceptions into Python exceptions. As far as I can tell, CXX has no
+        support for subclassing C++ extension types in Python. An even
+        more significant difference is that a user's C++ code is still basically
+        ``dealing with Python objects'', though they are wrapped in
+        C++ classes. This means such jobs as argument parsing and conversion are
+        still left to be done explicitly by the user.
 
      <p>
         CXX claims to interoperate well with the C++ Standard Library
@@ -38,11 +41,15 @@
       <p>
         As far as I can tell, CXX enables one to write what is essentially
         idiomatic Python code in C++, manipulating Python objects through the
-        same fully-generic interfaces we use in Python. I think it would be fair
-        to say that while you're not programming directly to the &ldquo;bare
-        metal&rdquo; with CXX, in comparison to py_cpp, it presents a low-level
-        interface to Python. That use is also supported by the py_cpp object
-        wrappers.
+        same fully-generic interfaces we use in Python. While you're hardly
+        programming directly to the ``bare metal'' with CXX, it basically
+        presents a ``C++-ized'' version of the Python 'C' API. Some fraction of
+        that capability is available in Boost.Python through <tt><a
+        href="../../../boost/python/objects.hpp">boost/python/objects.hpp</a></tt>,
+        which provides C++ objects corresponding to Python lists, tuples,
+        strings, and dictionaries, and through <tt><a
+        href="../../../boost/python/callback.hpp">boost/python/callback.hpp</a></tt>,
+        which allows you to call back into python with C++ arguments.
 
       <p>
         <a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul F. Dubois</a>, the original
@@ -51,11 +58,11 @@
         fill in the other half. Here is his response to the commentary above:
 
 <blockquote>
-&ldquo;My intention with CXX was not to do what you are doing. It was to enable a
+``My intention with CXX was not to do what you are doing. It was to enable a
 person to write an extension directly in C++ rather than C. I figured others had
 the wrapping business covered. I thought maybe CXX would provide an easier
 target language for those making wrappers, but I never explored
-that.&rdquo;<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
+that.''<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
 </blockquote>
 
       <h2>SWIG</h2>
@@ -65,28 +72,28 @@ that.&rdquo;<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
         languages. Swig relies on a parser to read your source code and produce
         additional source code files which can be compiled into a Python (or
         Perl or Tcl) extension module. It has been successfully used to create
-        many Python extension modules. Like py_cpp, SWIG is trying to allow an
+        many Python extension modules. Like Boost.Python, SWIG is trying to allow an
         existing interface to be wrapped with little or no change to the
-        existing code. The documentation says &ldquo;SWIG parses a form of ANSI C
+        existing code. The documentation says ``SWIG parses a form of ANSI C
         syntax that has been extended with a number of special directives. As a
         result, interfaces are usually built by grabbing a header file and
-        tweaking it a little bit.&rdquo; For C++ interfaces, the tweaking has often
+        tweaking it a little bit.'' For C++ interfaces, the tweaking has often
         proven to amount to more than just a little bit. One user
         writes:
 
-        <blockquote> &ldquo;The problem with swig (when I used it) is that it
+        <blockquote> ``The problem with swig (when I used it) is that it
         couldnt handle templates, didnt do func overloading properly etc.  For
         ANSI C libraries this was fine.  But for usual C++ code this was a
         problem.  Simple things work.  But for anything very complicated (or
-        realistic), one had to write code by hand.  I believe py_cpp doesn't have
+        realistic), one had to write code by hand.  I believe Boost.Python doesn't have
         this problem[<a href="#sic">sic</a>]...  IMHO overloaded functions are very important to
-        wrap correctly.&rdquo;<br><i>-Prabhu Ramachandran</i>
+        wrap correctly.''<br><i>-Prabhu Ramachandran</i>
         </blockquote>
         
       <p>
-        By contrast, py_cpp doesn't attempt to parse C++ - the problem is simply
+        By contrast, Boost.Python doesn't attempt to parse C++ - the problem is simply
         too complex to do correctly. <a name="sic">Technically</a>, one does
-        write code by hand to use py_cpp. The goal, however, has been to make
+        write code by hand to use Boost.Python. The goal, however, has been to make
         that code nearly as simple as listing the names of the classes and
         member functions you want to expose in Python.
 
@@ -95,7 +102,7 @@ that.&rdquo;<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
         <a
         href="http://www.thekompany.com/projects/pykde/background.php3?dhtml_ok=1">SIP</a>
         is a system similar to SWIG, though seemingly more
-        C++-oriented. The author says that like py_cpp, SIP supports overriding
+        C++-oriented. The author says that like Boost.Python, SIP supports overriding
         extension class member functions in Python subclasses. It appears to
         have been designed specifically to directly support some features of
         PyQt/PyKDE, which is its primary client. Documentation is almost
@@ -105,15 +112,15 @@ that.&rdquo;<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
       <h2>ILU</h2>
       <p>
         <a
-        href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/Rainbow/projects/origami/ilu-1.8-manual">ILU</a>
+        href="ftp://ftp.parc.xerox.com/pub/ilu/ilu.html">ILU</a>
         is a very ambitious project which tries to describe a module's interface
         (types and functions) in terms of an <a
-        href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/Rainbow/projects/origami/ilu-1.8-manual/manual_2.html">Interface
+        href="ftp://ftp.parc.xerox.com/pub/ilu/2.0b1/manual-html/manual_2.html">Interface
         Specification Language</a> (ISL) so that it can be uniformly interfaced
         to a wide range of computer languages, including Common Lisp, C++, C,
         Modula-3, and Python. ILU can parse the ISL to generate a C++ language
         header file describing the interface, of which the user is expected to
-        provide an implementation. Unlike py_cpp, this means that the system
+        provide an implementation. Unlike Boost.Python, this means that the system
         imposes implementation details on your C++ code at the deepest level. It
         is worth noting that some of the C++ names generated by ILU are supposed
         to be reserved to the C++ implementation. It is unclear from the
@@ -124,7 +131,7 @@ that.&rdquo;<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
       <a
       href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1996-11/papers/GRAD/html/GRADcover.html">GRAD</a>
       is another very ambitious project aimed at generating Python wrappers for
-      interfaces written in &ldquo;legacy languages&rdquo;, among which C++ is the first one
+      interfaces written in ``legacy languages'', among which C++ is the first one
       implemented. Like SWIG, it aims to parse source code and automatically
       generate wrappers, though it appears to take a more sophisticated approach
       to parsing in general and C++ in particular, so it should do a much better
@@ -148,73 +155,77 @@ an inheritance relationship?
       <h2>Zope ExtensionClasses</h2>
       <p>
          <a href="http:http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass">
-        ExtensionClasses in Zope</a> use the same underlying mechanism as py_cpp
+        ExtensionClasses in Zope</a> use the same underlying mechanism as Boost.Python
         to support subclassing of extension types in Python, including
         multiple-inheritance. Both systems support pickling/unpickling of
         extension class instances in very similar ways. Both systems rely on the
-        same &ldquo;<a
+        same ``<a
         href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1994-11/BuiltInClasses/Welcome.html">Don
-        Beaudry Hack</a>&rdquo; that also inspired Don's MESS System.
+        Beaudry Hack</a>'' that also inspired Don's MESS System.
       <p>
         The major differences are:
       <ul>
+        <li>Zope is entirely 'C' language-based. It doesn't require a C++
+        compiler, so it's much more portable than Boost.Python, which stresses
+        the limits of even some modern C++ implementations.
+
         <li>
-          py_cpp lifts the burden on the user to parse and convert function
+          Boost.Python lifts the burden on the user to parse and convert function
           argument types. Zope provides no such facility.
         <li>
-          py_cpp lifts the burden on the user to maintain Python
+          Boost.Python lifts the burden on the user to maintain Python
           reference-counts.
         <li>
-          py_cpp supports function overloading; Zope does not.
+          Boost.Python supports function overloading; Zope does not.
         <li>
-          py_cpp supplies a simple mechanism for exposing read-only and
+          Boost.Python supplies a simple mechanism for exposing read-only and
           read/write access to data members of the wrapped C++ type as Python
           attributes.
         <li>
           Writing a Zope ExtensionClass is significantly more complex than
-          exposing a C++ class to python using py_cpp (mostly a summary of the
+          exposing a C++ class to python using Boost.Python (mostly a summary of the
           previous 4 items). <a href= 
           "http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass/MultiMapping.html">A
           Zope Example</a> illustrates the differences.
         <li>
-          Zope's ExtensionClasses are specifically motivated by &ldquo;the need for a
-          C-based persistence mechanism&rdquo;. Py_cpp's are motivated by the desire
+          Zope's ExtensionClasses are specifically motivated by ``the need for a
+          C-based persistence mechanism''. Boost.Python's are motivated by the desire
           to simply reflect a C++ API into Python with as little modification as
           possible.
         <li>
-          The following Zope restriction does not apply to py_cpp: &ldquo;At most one
+          The following Zope restriction does not apply to Boost.Python: ``At most one
           base extension direct or indirect super class may define C data
           members. If an extension subclass inherits from multiple base
           extension classes, then all but one must be mix-in classes that
-          provide extension methods but no data.&rdquo;
+          provide extension methods but no data.''
         <li>
           Zope requires use of the somewhat funky inheritedAttribute (search for
-          &ldquo;inheritedAttribute&rdquo; on <a
+          ``inheritedAttribute'' on <a
           href="http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass">this page</a>)
-          method to access base class methods. In py_cpp, base class methods can
+          method to access base class methods. In Boost.Python, base class methods can
           be accessed in the usual way by writing
-          &ldquo;<code>BaseClass.method</code>&rdquo;.
+          ``<code>BaseClass.method</code>''.
         <li>
           Zope supplies some creative but esoteric idioms such as <a href= 
           "http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass/Acquisition.html">
-          Acquisition</a>. No specific support for this is built into py_cpp.
+          Acquisition</a>. No specific support for this is built into Boost.Python.
         <li>
           Zope's ComputedAttribute support is designed to be used from Python.
           <a href="special.html#getter_setter">The analogous feature of
-          py_cpp</a> can be used from C++ or Python. The feature is arguably
-          easier to use in py_cpp.
+          Boost.Python</a> can be used from C++ or Python. The feature is arguably
+          easier to use in Boost.Python.
       </ul>
       <p>
+        Next: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using Boost.Python</a>
         Previous: <a href="extending.html">A Brief Introduction to writing Python Extension Modules</a>
-        Next: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using py_cpp</a>
         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
       <p>
          &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
         sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &ldquo;as is&rdquo; without
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
         express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
         for any purpose.
       <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
     </div>
 

doc/cross_module.html

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+
+<title>Cross-extension-module dependencies</title>
+
+<div>
+
+<img src="../../../c++boost.gif"
+     alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+     align="center"
+     width="277" height="86">
+
+<hr>
+<h1>Cross-extension-module dependencies</h1>
+
+It is good programming practice to organize large projects as modules
+that interact with each other via well defined interfaces. With
+Boost.Python it is possible to reflect this organization at the C++
+level at the Python level. This is, each logical C++ module can be
+organized as a separate Python extension module.
+
+<p>
+At first sight this might seem natural and straightforward. However, it
+is a fairly complex problem to establish cross-extension-module
+dependencies while maintaining the same ease of use Boost.Python
+provides for classes that are wrapped in the same extension module. To
+a large extent this complexity can be hidden from the author of a
+Boost.Python extension module, but not entirely.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>The recipe</h2>
+
+Suppose there is an extension module that exposes certain instances of
+the C++ <tt>std::vector</tt> template library such that it can be used
+from Python in the following manner:
+
+<pre>
+import std_vector
+v = std_vector.double([1, 2, 3, 4])
+v.push_back(5)
+v.size()
+</pre>
+
+Suppose the <tt>std_vector</tt> module is done well and reflects all
+C++ functions that are useful at the Python level, for all C++ built-in
+data types (<tt>std_vector.int</tt>, <tt>std_vector.long</tt>, etc.).
+
+<p>
+Suppose further that there is statistic module with a C++ class that
+has constructors or member functions that use or return a
+<tt>std::vector</tt>.  For example:
+
+<pre>
+class xy {
+  public:
+    xy(const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; x, const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; y) : m_x(x), m_y(y) {}
+    const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; x() const { return m_x; }
+    const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; y() const { return m_y; }
+    double correlation();
+  private:
+    std::vector&lt;double&gt; m_x;
+    std::vector&lt;double&gt; m_y;
+}
+</pre>
+
+What is more natural than reusing the <tt>std_vector</tt> extension
+module to expose these constructors or functions to Python?
+
+<p>
+Unfortunately, what seems natural needs a little work in both the
+<tt>std_vector</tt> and the <tt>statistics</tt> module.
+
+<p>
+In the <tt>std_vector</tt> extension module,
+<tt>std::vector&lt;double&gt;</tt> is exposed to Python in the usual
+way with the <tt>class_builder&lt;&gt;</tt> template.  To also enable the
+automatic conversion of <tt>std::vector&lt;double&gt;</tt> function
+arguments or return values in other Boost.Python C++ modules, the
+converters that convert a <tt>std::vector&lt;double&gt;</tt> C++ object
+to a Python object and vice versa (i.e. the <tt>to_python()</tt> and
+<tt>from_python()</tt> template functions) have to be exported. For
+example:
+
+<pre>
+  #include &lt;boost/python/cross_module.hpp&gt;
+  //...
+  class_builder&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; v_double(std_vector_module, &quot;double&quot;);
+  export_converters(v_double);
+</pre>
+
+In the extension module that wraps <tt>class xy</tt> we can now import
+these converters with the <tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> template.
+For example:
+
+<pre>
+  #include &lt;boost/python/cross_module.hpp&gt;
+  //...
+  import_converters&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; v_double_converters(&quot;std_vector&quot;, &quot;double&quot;);
+</pre>
+
+That is all. All the attributes that are defined for
+<tt>std_vector.double</tt> in the <tt>std_vector</tt> Boost.Python
+module will be available for the returned objects of <tt>xy.x()</tt>
+and <tt>xy.y()</tt>.  Similarly, the constructor for <tt>xy</tt> will
+accept objects that were created by the <tt>std_vector</tt>module.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Placement of <tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> template instantiations</h2>
+
+<tt>import_converts&lt;&gt;</tt> can be viewed as a drop-in replacement
+for <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt>, and the recommendations for the
+placement of <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt> template instantiations
+also apply to to <tt>import_converts&lt;&gt;</tt>. In particular, it is
+important that an instantiation of <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt> is
+visible to any code which wraps a C++ function with a <tt>T</tt>,
+<tt>T*</tt>, const <tt>T&amp;</tt>, etc. parameter or return value.
+Therefore you may want to group all <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt> and
+<tt>import_converts&lt;&gt;</tt> instantiations at the top of your
+module's init function, then <tt>def()</tt> the member functions later
+to avoid problems with inter-class dependencies.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Non-copyable types</h2>
+
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> instantiates C++ template functions that
+invoke the copy constructor of the wrapped type. For a type that is
+non-copyable this will result in compile-time error messages. In such a
+case, <tt>export_converters_noncopyable()</tt> can be used to export
+the converters that do not involve the copy constructor of the wrapped
+type.  For example:
+
+<pre>
+class_builder&lt;store&gt; py_store(your_module, &quot;store&quot;);
+export_converters_noncopyable(py_store);
+</pre>
+
+The corresponding <tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> statement does not
+need any special attention:
+
+<pre>
+import_converters&lt;store&gt; py_store(&quot;noncopyable_export&quot;, &quot;store&quot;);
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Python module search path</h2>
+
+The <tt>std_vector</tt> and <tt>statistics</tt> modules can now be used
+in the following way:
+
+<pre>
+import std_vector
+import statistics
+x = std_vector.double([1, 2, 3, 4])
+y = std_vector.double([2, 4, 6, 8])
+xy = statistics.xy(x, y)
+xy.correlation()
+</pre>
+
+In this example it is clear that Python has to be able to find both the
+<tt>std_vector</tt> and the <tt>statistics</tt> extension module. In
+other words, both extension modules need to be in the Python module
+search path (<tt>sys.path</tt>).
+
+<p>
+The situation is not always this obvious. Suppose the
+<tt>statistics</tt> module has a <tt>random()</tt> function that
+returns a vector of random numbers with a given length:
+
+<pre>
+import statistics
+x = statistics.random(5)
+y = statistics.random(5)
+xy = statistics.xy(x, y)
+xy.correlation()
+</pre>
+
+A naive user will not easily anticipate that the <tt>std_vector</tt>
+module is used to pass the <tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt> vectors around. If
+the <tt>std_vector</tt> module is in the Python module search path,
+this form of ignorance is of no harm.  On the contrary, we are glad
+that we do not have to bother the user with details like this.
+
+<p>
+If the <tt>std_vector</tt> module is not in the Python module search
+path, a Python exception will be raised:
+
+<pre>
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File &quot;foo.py&quot;, line 2, in ?
+    x = statistics.random(5)
+ImportError: No module named std_vector
+</pre>
+
+As is the case with any system of a non-trivial complexity, it is
+important that the setup is consistent and complete.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Two-way module dependencies</h2>
+
+Boost.Python supports two-way module dependencies. This is best
+illustrated by a simple example.
+
+<p>
+Suppose there is a module <tt>ivect</tt> that implements vectors of
+integers, and a similar module <tt>dvect</tt> that implements vectors
+of doubles. We want to be able do convert an integer vector to a double
+vector and vice versa. For example:
+
+<pre>
+import ivect
+iv = ivect.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+dv = iv.as_dvect()
+</pre>
+
+The last expression will implicitly import the <tt>dvect</tt> module in
+order to enable the conversion of the C++ representation of
+<tt>dvect</tt> to a Python object. The analogous is possible for a
+<tt>dvect</tt>:
+
+<pre>
+import dvect
+dv = dvect.dvect((1,2,3,4,5))
+iv = dv.as_ivect()
+</pre>
+
+Now the <tt>ivect</tt> module is imported implicitly.
+
+<p>
+Note that the two-way dependencies are possible because the
+dependencies are resolved only when needed. This is, the initialization
+of the <tt>ivect</tt> module does not rely on the <tt>dvect</tt>
+module, and vice versa.  Only if <tt>as_dvect()</tt> or
+<tt>as_ivect()</tt> is actually invoked will the corresponding module
+be implicitly imported. This also means that, for example, the
+<tt>dvect</tt> module does not have to be available at all if
+<tt>as_dvect()</tt> is never used.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Clarification of compile-time and link-time dependencies</h2>
+
+Boost.Python's support for resolving cross-module dependencies at
+runtime does not imply that compile-time dependencies are eliminated.
+For example, the statistics extension module in the example above will
+need to <tt>#include &lt;vector&gt;</tt>. This is immediately obvious
+from the definition of <tt>class xy</tt>.
+
+<p>
+If a library is wrapped that consists of both header files and compiled
+components (e.g. <tt>libdvect.a</tt>, <tt>dvect.lib</tt>, etc.), both
+the Boost.Python extension module with the
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> statement and the module with the
+<tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> statement need to be linked against
+the object library.  Ideally one would build a shared library (e.g.
+<tt>libdvect.so</tt>, <tt>dvect.dll</tt>, etc.). However, this
+introduces the issue of having to configure the search path for the
+dynamic loading correctly. For small libraries it is therefore often
+more convenient to ignore the fact that the object files are loaded
+into memory more than once.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Summary of motivation for cross-module support</h2>
+
+The main purpose of Boost.Python's cross-module support is to allow for
+a modular system layout. With this support it is straightforward to
+reflect C++ code organization at the Python level. Without the
+cross-module support, a multi-purpose module like <tt>std_vector</tt>
+would be impractical because the entire wrapper code would somehow have
+to be duplicated in all extension modules that use it, making them
+harder to maintain and harder to build.
+
+<p>
+Another motivation for the cross-module support is that two extension
+modules that wrap the same class cannot both be imported into Python.
+For example, if there are two modules <tt>A</tt> and <tt>B</tt> that
+both wrap a given <tt>class X</tt>, this will work:
+
+<pre>
+import A
+x = A.X()
+</pre>
+
+This will also work:
+
+<pre>
+import B
+x = B.X()
+</pre>
+
+However, this will fail:
+
+<pre>
+import A
+import B
+python: /net/cci/rwgk/boost/boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp:866:
+static void boost::python::detail::class_registry&lt;X&gt;::register_class(boost::python::detail::extension_class_base *):
+Assertion `static_class_object == 0' failed.
+Abort
+</pre>
+
+A good solution is to wrap <tt>class X</tt> only once. Depending on the
+situation, this could be done by module <tt>A</tt> or <tt>B</tt>, or an
+additional small extension module that only wraps and exports
+<tt>class X</tt>.
+
+<p>
+Finally, there can be important psychological or political reasons for
+using the cross-module support. If a group of classes is lumped
+together with many others in a huge module, the authors will have
+difficulties in being identified with their work. The situation is
+much more transparent if the work is represented by a module with a
+recognizable name. This is not just a question of strong egos, but also
+of getting credit and funding.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Why not use <tt>export_converters()</tt> universally?</h2>
+
+There is some overhead associated with the Boost.Python cross-module
+support. Depending on the platform, the size of the code generated by
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> is roughly 10%-20% of that generated
+by <tt>class_builder&lt;&gt;</tt>. For a large extension module with
+many wrapped classes, this could mean a significant difference.
+Therefore the general recommendation is to use
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> only for classes that are likely to
+be used as function arguments or return values in other modules.
+
+<hr>
+&copy; Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001. Permission to copy,
+use, modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as
+is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
+suitability for any purpose.
+
+<p>
+Updated: April 2001
+
+</div>

doc/data_structures.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+Given a real Python class 'A', a wrapped C++ class 'B', and this definition:
+
+    class C(A, B):
+        def __init__(self):
+            B.__init__(self)
+            self.x = 1
+        ...
+
+    c = C()
+
+this diagram describes the internal structure of an instance of 'C', including
+its inheritance relationships. Note that ExtensionClass<B> is derived from
+Class<ExtensionInstance>, and is in fact identical for all intents and purposes.
+
+                                           MetaClass<ExtensionInstance>
+                 +---------+              +---------+                  
+types.ClassType: |         |              |         |                  
+                 |         |              |         |                  
+                 |         |              |         |                  
+                 +---------+              +---------+                    
+                   ^                         ^   ^
+     PyClassObject |       ExtensionClass<B> |   |
+ A: +------------+ |   B: +------------+     |   |
+    |  ob_type  -+-+      |   ob_type -+-----+   |
+    |            |   ()<--+- __bases__ |         |
+    |            |        |  __dict__ -+->{...}  |
+    |            |   'B'<-+- __name__  |         |
+    +------------+        +------------+         |
+         ^                      ^                |
+         |                      |                |
+         +-----+  +-------------+                |
+               |  |                              |
+               |  |     Class<ExtensionInstance> |
+               |  | C: +------------+            |
+               |  |    |   ob_type -+------------+
+        tuple:(*, *)<--+- __bases__ |           
+                       |  __dict__ -+->{__module__, <methods, etc.>}
+                 'C' <-+- __name__  |
+                       +------------+        
+                             ^           (in case of inheritance from more than one   
+                             |            extension class, this vector would contain  
+             +---------------+            a pointer to an instance holder for the data
+             |                            of each corresponding C++ class)            
+             |     ExtensionInstance                
+             | c: +---------------------+   std::vector<InstanceHolderBase> 
+             +----+- __class__          |  +---+--  
+                  |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| * | ...
+        {'x': 1}<-+- __dict__           |  +-|-+--   
+                  +---------------------+    |    InstanceValueHolder<B>                  
+                                             |   +--------------------------------+
+                                             +-->| (contains a C++ instance of B) |
+                                                 +--------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In our inheritance test cases in extclass_demo.cpp/test_extclass.py, we have the
+following C++ inheritance hierarchy:
+
+               +-----+          +----+
+               |  A1 |          | A2 |
+               +-----+          +----+
+                ^ ^ ^            ^  ^  
+                | | |            |  |
+          +-----+ | +---------+-----+
+          |       |           |  |
+          |       +---+----------+
+   .......!......     |       |
+   : A_callback :   +-+--+  +-+--+
+   :............:   | B1 |  | B2 |
+                    +----+  +----+
+                      ^
+                      |
+              +-------+---------+
+              |                 |
+            +-+-+         ......!.......
+            | C |         : B_callback :
+            +---+         :............:
+
+
+A_callback and B_callback are used as part of the wrapping mechanism but not
+represented in Python. C is also not represented in Python but is delivered
+there polymorphically through a smart pointer.
+
+This is the data structure in Python.
+
+       ExtensionClass<A1>
+  A1: +------------+                
+ ()<--+- __bases__ |                                                
+      |  __dict__ -+->{...}                                         
+      +------------+                                                
+        ^                 
+        |          ExtensionInstance                                              
+        |     a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A1,A_callback> 
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---------------------+ 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A_callback | 
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---------------------+              
+        |   
+        |          ExtensionInstance                                              
+        | pa1_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+ 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   A1    
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+
+        |                                                +->|   |
+        |          ExtensionInstance                        +---+ 
+        | pb1_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1           
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+        
+        |                                                +->|   |                            
+        |          ExtensionInstance                        +---+                       
+        | pb2_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B2                   
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+        
+        |                                                +->|   | 
+        |                                                   +---+                       
+        |       ExtensionClass<A1>                                                          
+        |  A2: +------------+                                                               
+        | ()<--+- __bases__ |                                                               
+        |      |  __dict__ -+->{...}                                                        
+        |      +------------+                                                               
+        |           ^                                                                       
+        |           |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
+        |       a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A2>             
+        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +-------------+                      
+        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A2 |                      
+        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +-------------+                      
+        |           |                                                                       
+        |           |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
+        |   pa2_a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A2>,A2>  
+        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                
+        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   A2                         
+        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                       
+        |           |                                        +->|   |                       
+        |           |  ExtensionInstance                        +---+                       
+        |   pb1_a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A2>,A2>  
+        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                
+        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1                         
+        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                       
+        |           |                                        +->|   |                       
+        |           |                                           +---+                       
+        |           |                                                                       
+        |           +---------------+------------------------------+                             
+        |                           |                              |                             
+ +------+-------------------------+-|----------------------------+ |                             
+ |                                | |                            | |                             
+ |       Class<ExtensionInstance> | |      ExtensionClass<B1>    | |      ExtensionClass<B1>     
+ | DA1: +------------+            | | B1: +------------+         | | B2: +------------+          
+(*,)<---+- __bases__ |           (*,*)<---+- __bases__ |        (*,*)<---+- __bases__ |          
+        |  __dict__ -+->{...}             |  __dict__ -+->{...}          |  __dict__ -+->{...}   
+        +------------+                    +------------+                 +------------+          
+              ^                                ^                                    ^ 
+              |        ExtensionInstance       |                                    |       
+              |  da1: +---------------------+  |    vec     InstanceValueHolder<A1,A_callback>  
+              +-------+- __class__          |  |   +---+   +---------------------+  |          
+                      |  m_wrapped_objects -+--|-->| *-+-->| contains A_callback |  |          
+                      +---------------------+  |   +---+   +---------------------+  |          
+        +--------------------------------------+                                    |
+        |  ExtensionInstance                                                        |
+    b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<B1,B_callback>      |
+        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---------------------+                  |
+        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains B_callback |                  |
+        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---------------------+                  |
+        |                                                                           |
+        |  ExtensionInstance                                                        |
+pb1_b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<B1>,B1>      |
+        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                    |
+        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1                             |
+        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                           |
+        |                                        +->|   |                           |
+        |  ExtensionInstance                        +---+                           |
+ pc_b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<B1>,B1>      |
+        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                    |
+        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   C                              |
+        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                           |
+        |                                        +->|   |                           |
+        |                                           +---+                           |
+        |                                                                           |
+        |       Class<ExtensionInstance>    +---------------------------------------+
+        | DB1: +------------+               |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
+       (*,)<---+- __bases__ |           a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A2> 
+               |  __dict__ -+->{...}        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +-------------+                      
+               +------------+                 |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A2 |                      
+                     ^                        +---------------------+  +---+   +-------------+                      
+                     |  ExtensionInstance      
+                db1: | +---------------------+    vec     InstanceValueHolder<B1,B_callback>  
+                     +-+- __class__          |   +---+   +----------------------+ 
+                       |  m_wrapped_objects -+-->| *-+-->| contains B1_callback |              
+                       +---------------------+   +---+   +----------------------+              

doc/enums.html

@@ -6,33 +6,54 @@
     <div>
       <h1>
          <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Wrapping enums
+        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"><br>
+        Wrapping enums
       </h1>
+
 <p>Because there is in general no way to deduce that a value of arbitrary type T
-is an enumeration constant, py_cpp cannot automatically convert enum values to
-and from Python. To handle this case, you need to decide how you want the enum
-to show up in Python (since Python doesn't have enums). Once you have done that,
-you can write some simple <code>from_python()</code> and
-<code>to_python()</code> functions.
+is an enumeration constant, the Boost Python Library cannot automatically
+convert enum values to and from Python. To handle this case, you need to decide
+how you want the enum to show up in Python (since Python doesn't have
+enums). Once you have done that, you can write some simple
+<code>from_python()</code> and <code>to_python()</code> functions.
 
 <p>If you are satisfied with a Python int as a way to represent your enum
-values, py_cpp provides a shorthand for these functions. You just need to
-instantiate <code>boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;EnumType&gt;</code> where
+values, we provide a shorthand for these functions. You just need to cause
+<code>boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;EnumType&gt;</code> to be
+instantiated, where
 <code>EnumType</code> is your enumerated type. There are two convenient ways to do this:
 
 <ol>
-<li><blockquote>
+<li>Explicit instantiation:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+  template class boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;my_enum&gt;;
+</blockquote></pre>
+
+Some buggy C++ implementations require a class to be instantiated in the same
+namespace in which it is defined. In that case, the simple incantation above becomes:
+
+<blockquote>
 <pre>
+   ...
+} // close my_namespace
+
 // drop into namespace python and explicitly instantiate
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
-  template class enum_as_int_converters<extclass_demo::EnumOwner::enum_type>;
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+  template class enum_as_int_converters&lt;my_enum_type&gt;;
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+namespace my_namespace { // re-open my_namespace
+   ...
 </pre>
 </blockquote>
-<li><blockquote><pre>
+
+
+<li>If you have such an implementation, you may find this technique more convenient 
+<blockquote><pre>
 // instantiate as base class in any namespace
 struct EnumTypeConverters
-    : boost::python::py_enum_as_int_converters<EnumType>
+    : boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;EnumType&gt;
 {
 };
 </blockquote></pre>
@@ -66,11 +87,12 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
  <code>long</code> type.
 
 You may also want to add a bunch of lines like this to your module
-initialization:
+initialization. These bind the corresponding enum values to the appropriate
+names so they can be used from Python:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
-mymodule.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
-mymodule.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
+mymodule.add(boost::python::make_ref(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
+mymodule.add(boost::python::make_ref(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
 ...
 </pre></blockquote>
 
@@ -78,17 +100,21 @@ You can also add these to an extension class definition, if your enum happens to
 be local to a class and you want the analogous interface in Python:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
-my_class.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
-my_class.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
+my_class_builder.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
+my_class_builder.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
 ...
 </pre></blockquote>
+               <p>
+         Next: <a href="pointers.html">Pointers and Smart Pointers</a>
+         Previous: <a href="building.html">Building an Extension Module</a>
+         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
       <p>
          &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
         sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &ldquo;as
-        is&rdquo; without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as
+        is'' without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
         its suitability for any purpose.
       <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
     </div>
 

doc/example1.html

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
 "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
     <title>
-      A Simple Example Using py_cpp
+      A Simple Example
     </title>
     <div>
       <h1>
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
         "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">
       </h1>
       <h1>
-         A Simple Example Using py_cpp
+         A Simple Example
       </h1>
       <p>
          Suppose we have the following C++ API which we want to expose in
@@ -18,104 +18,57 @@
 <pre>
 #include &lt;string&gt;
 
-namespace hello {
-  class world
-  {
-   public:
-      world(int);
-      ~world();
-      std::string get() const { return "hi, world"; }
-    ...
-  };
-  std::size_t length(const world&amp; x) { return std::strlen(x.get()); }
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
+  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
+  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
 }
 
 </pre>
       </blockquote>
       <p>
-         Here is the C++ code for a python module called <code>hello</code>
-        which exposes the API using py_cpp:
+        Here is the C++ code for a python module called <tt>getting_started1</tt>
+        which exposes the API.
       <blockquote>
 <pre>
-#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
-// Python requires an exported function called init&lt;module-name&gt; in every
-// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-void inithello()
+#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started1)
 {
-    try
-    {
-       // create an object representing this extension module
-       boost::python::module_builder hello("hello");
-       // Create the Python type object for our extension class
-       boost::python::class_builder&lt;hello::world&gt; world_class(hello, "world");
-       // Add the __init__ function
-       world_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int&gt;());
-       // Add a regular member function
-       world_class.def(&amp;hello::world::get, "get");
-       // Add a regular function to the module
-       hello.def(hello::length, "length");
-    }
-    catch(...)
-    {
-       boost::python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
-    }
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started1");
+
+    // Add regular functions to the module.
+    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
+    this_module.def(square, "square");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
 }
-// Win32 DLL boilerplate
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include &lt;windows.h&gt;
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID)
-{
-    return 1;
-}
-#endif // _WIN32
 </pre>
       </blockquote>
       <p>
          That's it! If we build this shared library and put it on our <code>
-        PYTHONPATH</code> we can now access our C++ class and function from
+        PYTHONPATH</code> we can now access our C++ functions from
         Python.
       <blockquote>
 <pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; import hello
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hi_world = hello.world(3)
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hi_world.get()
-'hi, world'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hello.length(hi_world)
-9
+&gt;&gt;&gt; import getting_started1
+&gt;&gt;&gt; print getting_started1.greet()
+hello, world
+&gt;&gt;&gt; number = 11
+&gt;&gt;&gt; print number, '*', number, '=', getting_started1.square(number)
+11 * 11 = 121
 </pre>
-      </blockquote>
       <p>
-         We can even make a subclass of <code>hello.world</code>:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class my_subclass(hello.world):
-...     def get(self):
-...         return 'hello, world'
-...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; y = my_subclass(4)
-&gt;&gt;&gt; y.get()
-'hello, world'
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         Pretty cool! You can't do that with an ordinary Python extension type!
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hello.length(y)
-9
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         Of course, you may now have a slightly empty feeling in the pit of
-        your little pythonic stomach. Perhaps you feel your subclass deserves
-        to have a <code>length()</code> of <code>12</code>? If so, <a href= 
-        "overriding.html">read on</a>...
-      <p>
-         Previous: <a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons with other systems</a> Next: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable virtual functions</a> Up:
+        Next: <a href="exporting_classes.html">Exporting Classes</a>
+         Previous: <a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons with other systems</a>  Up:
         <a href="index.html">Top</a>
       <p>
          &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
@@ -124,6 +77,6 @@ extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID)
         express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
         for any purpose.
       <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2000
     </div>
 

doc/exporting_classes.html

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      Exporting Classes
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt=
+        "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">
+      </h1>
+      <h1>
+         Exporting Classes
+      </h1>
+      <p>
+         Now let's expose a C++ class to Python:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;string&gt;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class hello
+  {
+    public:
+      hello(const std::string&amp; country) { this-&gt;country = country; }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+  };
+
+  // A function taking a hello object as an argument.
+  std::string invite(const hello&amp; w) {
+    return w.greet() + "! Please come soon!";
+  }
+}
+
+</blockquote></pre>      <p>
+      To expose the class, we use a <tt>class_builder</tt> in addition to the
+      <tt>module_builder</tt> from the previous example. Class member functions
+      are exposed by using the <tt>def()</tt> member function on the
+      <tt>class_builder</tt>:
+<blockquote><pre>
+#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started2)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started2");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder&lt;hello&gt; hello_class(this_module, "hello");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    hello_class.def(python::constructor&lt;std::string&gt;());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    hello_class.def(&amp;hello::greet, "greet");
+
+    // Add invite() as a regular function to the module.
+    this_module.def(invite, "invite");
+
+    // Even better, invite() can also be made a member of hello_class!!!
+    hello_class.def(invite, "invite");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}
+</blockquote></pre>
+      <p>
+Now we can use the class normally from Python:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; from getting_started2 import *
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi = hello('California')
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi.greet()
+'Hello from California'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; invite(hi)
+'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi.invite()
+'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+</blockquote></pre>
+
+Notes:<ul>
+<li> We expose the class' constructor by calling <tt>def()</tt> on the
+      <tt>class_builder</tt> with an argument whose type is
+      <tt>constructor&lt;</tt><i>params</i><tt>&gt;</tt>, where <i>params</i>
+      matches the list of constructor argument types:
+
+
+<li>Regular member functions are defined by calling <tt>def()</tt> with a
+      member function pointer and its Python name:
+
+<li>Any function added to a class whose initial argument matches the class (or
+any base) will act like a member function in Python.
+</ul>
+      <p>
+         We can even make a subclass of <code>hello.world</code>:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class wordy(hello):
+...     def greet(self):
+...         return hello.greet(self) + ', where the weather is fine'
+...
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2 = wordy('Florida')
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2.greet()
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; invite(hi2)
+'Hello from Florida! Please come soon!'
+</blockquote></pre>
+      <p>
+         Pretty cool! You can't do that with an ordinary Python extension type!
+
+         Of course, you may now have a slightly empty feeling in the pit of
+        your little pythonic stomach. Perhaps you wanted to see the following
+        <tt>wordy</tt> invitation:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine! Please come soon!'
+</blockquote></pre>
+
+        After all, <tt>invite</tt> calls <tt>hello::greet()</tt>, and you
+        reimplemented that in your Python subclass, <tt>wordy</tt>. If so, <a
+        href= "overriding.html">read on</a>...
+
+      <p>
+        Next: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable virtual functions</a>
+         Previous: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example</a>  Up:
+        <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
+        for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
+    </div>
+

doc/extending.html

@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
     </ul>
     This last item typically occupies a great deal of code in an extension
     module. Remember that Python is a completely dynamic language. A callable
-    object receives its arguments in a tuple; it is up to that object to
-    extract those arguments from the tuple, check their types, and raise
-    appropriate exceptions. There are numerous other tedious details that need
-    to be managed; too many to mention here. Py_cpp is designed to lift most of
-    that burden.<br>
+    object receives its arguments in a tuple; it is up to that object to extract
+    those arguments from the tuple, check their types, and raise appropriate
+    exceptions. There are numerous other tedious details that need to be
+    managed; too many to mention here. The Boost Python Library is designed to
+    lift most of that burden.<br>
     <br>
      
     <p>
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@
       sublcassing the extension type. Aside from being tedious, it's not really
       the same as having a true class, because there's no way for the user to
       override a method of the extension type which is called from the
-      extension module. Py_cpp solves this problem by taking advantage of <a
+      extension module. Boost.Python solves this problem by taking advantage of <a
       href="http://www.python.org/doc/essays/metaclasses/">Python's metaclass
       feature</a> to provide objects which look, walk, and hiss almost exactly
-      like regular Python classes. Py_cpp classes are actually cleaner than
+      like regular Python classes. Boost.Python classes are actually cleaner than
       Python classes in some subtle ways; a more detailed discussion will
       follow (someday).</p>
     <p>Next: <a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons with Other Systems</a> Up: <a

doc/index.html

@@ -1,29 +1,24 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
 "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
     <title>
-      py_cpp Python/C++ binding documentation
+      The Boost Python Library (Boost.Python)
     </title>
     <h1>
        <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" width="277"
-      align="center" height="86"> py_cpp<a href="#naming_contest">*</a>
+      align="center" height="86"><br>The Boost Python Library (Boost.Python)
     </h1>
 
-    <p>
-       The source code for py_cpp, including a MSVC demo project is available <a
-      href="py_cpp_20001106.zip">here</a>. 
-
 <h2>Synopsis</h2>
     <p>
-       py_cpp is a system for quickly and easily interfacing C++ code with <a
-      href="http:www.python.org">Python</a> such that the Python interface is
+      Use the Boost Python Library to quickly and easily export a C++ library to <a
+      href="http://www.python.org">Python</a> such that the Python interface is
       very similar to the C++ interface. It is designed to be minimally
       intrusive on your C++ design. In most cases, you should not have to alter
-      your C++ classes in any way in order to use them with py_cpp. The system
-      <em>should</em> simply &ldquo;reflect&rdquo; your C++ classes and functions into
-      Python. The major features of py_cpp include support for:
+      your C++ classes in any way in order to use them with Boost.Python. The system
+      <em>should</em> simply ``reflect'' your C++ classes and functions into
+      Python. The major features of Boost.Python include support for:
 <ul>
-<li><a href="inheritance.hml">Subclassing extension types in Python</a>
+<li><a href="inheritance.html">Subclassing extension types in Python</a>
 <li><a href="overriding.html">Overriding virtual functions in Python</a>
 <li><a href="overloading.html">[Member] function Overloading</a>
 <li><a href="special.html#numeric_auto">Automatic wrapping of numeric operators</a>
@@ -32,9 +27,27 @@ among others.
 
 
 <h2>Supported Platforms</h2>
-<p>py_cpp has been tested in the following configurations:
+<p>Boost.Python is known to have been tested in the following configurations:
 
 <ul>
+<li>Against Python 2.0 using the following compiler/library combinations:
+<ul>
+  <li><a
+  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a>
+  with the native library.
+
+  <li>An upcoming release of <a
+        href="http://www.metrowerks.com/products/windows/">Metrowerks
+        CodeWarrior Pro6 for Windows</a> with the native library (the first
+        release has a bug that's fatal to Boost.Python)
+
+        <li><a
+        href="http://developer.intel.com/software/products/compilers/c50/">Intel
+        C++ 5.0</a>. Compilation succeeds, but tests <font
+        color="#FF0000"><b>FAILED at runtime</b></font> due to a bug in its
+        exception-handling implementation.
+</ul>
+
 <li>Against Python 1.5.2 using the following compiler/library: 
 
   <ul>
@@ -56,29 +69,17 @@ among others.
   href="mailto:rwgk@cci.lbl.gov">Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve</a>] 
 
   <li>An upcoming release of <a href="http://www.metrowerks.com/products/windows/">Metrowerks CodeWarrior
-        Pro6 for Windows</a> (the first release has a bug that's fatal to py_cpp)
+        Pro6 for Windows</a> (the first release has a bug that's fatal to Boost.Python)
   </ul>
-<br>
-<li>Against Python 2.0 using the following compiler/library combinations:
-<ul>
-  <li><a
-  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a> [by
-  <a href="mailto:aleaxit@yahoo.com">Alex Martelli</a>]
 </ul>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Py_cpp requires the <a href="http://www.boost.org">boost</a> libraries, and is
-      has been accepted for inclusion into the boost libraries pending &ldquo;boostification&ldquo;
-      (completion of the documentation, change in some naming conventions and
-      resolution of some namespace issues).
 
 <h2>Credits</h2>
 <ul>
-      <li><a href="mailto:abrahams@mediaone.net">David Abrahams</a> originated
-      and wrote py_cpp.
+      <li><a href="../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">David Abrahams</a> originated
+      and wrote most of the library, and continues to coordinate development.
 
       <li><a href="mailto:koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de">Ullrich Koethe</a>
-      had independently developed a similar system. When he discovered py_cpp,
+      had independently developed a similar system. When he discovered Boost.Python,
       he generously contributed countless hours of coding and much insight into
       improving it. He is responsible for an early version of the support for <a
       href="overloading.html">function overloading</a> and wrote the support for
@@ -87,16 +88,22 @@ among others.
       Python and C++, and has designed an extremely easy-to-use way of 
       exposing <a href="special.html#numeric">numeric operators</a>, including
       a way to avoid explicit coercion by means of overloading.
+      
+      <li><a href="http://cci.lbl.gov/staff/ralf_grosse-kunstleve.html">Ralf W.
+      Grosse-Kunstleve</a> contributed <a href="pickle.html">pickle support</a>
+      and numerous other small improvements. He's working on a way to allow
+      types exported by multiple modules to interact.
 
-      <li>The members of the boost mailing list and the Python community supplied
-      invaluable early feedback. In particular, Ron Clarke, Mark Evans, Anton
-      Gluck, Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve, Prabhu Ramachandran, and Barry Scott took
-      the brave step of trying to use py_cpp while it was still in early stages
-      of development.
+      <li>The members of the boost mailing list and the Python community
+      supplied invaluable early feedback. In particular, Ron Clarke, Mark Evans,
+      Anton Gluck, Chuck Ingold, Prabhu Ramachandran, and Barry Scott took the
+      brave step of trying to use Boost.Python while it was still in early
+      stages of development.
 
-      <li>The development of py_cpp wouldn't have been
-      possible without the generous support of <a href="http://www.dragonsys.com/">Dragon Systems/Lernout and
-      Hauspie, Inc</a> who supported its development as an open-source project.
+      <li>The development of Boost.Python wouldn't have been possible without
+      the generous support of <a href="http://www.dragonsys.com/">Dragon
+      Systems/Lernout and Hauspie, Inc</a> who supported its development as an
+      open-source project.
 </ul>
 
     <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
@@ -105,10 +112,12 @@ among others.
       <li><a href="extending.html">A Brief Introduction to writing Python
         extension modules</a>
 
-      <li><a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons between py_cpp and other
+      <li><a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons between Boost.Python and other
         systems for extending Python</a>
 
-      <li><a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using py_cpp</a>
+      <li><a href="example1.html">A Simple Example</a>
+
+      <li><a href="exporting_classes.html">Exporting Classes</a>
 
       <li><a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
 
@@ -120,92 +129,38 @@ among others.
 
       <li><a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
 
-      <li><a href="building.html">Building a Module with Py_cpp</a>
+      <li><a href="building.html">Building an Extension Module</a>
 
-      <li>Advanced Topics
+      <li><a href="pickle.html">Pickle Support</a>
 
-        <ol>
-          <li>class_builder&lt;&gt;
+      <li><a href="cross_module.html">Cross-Extension-Module Dependencies</a>
 
-          <li><a href="enums.html">enums</a>
+      <li><a href="enums.html">Wrapping Enums</a>
 
-          <li>References
+      <li><a href="pointers.html">Pointers and Smart Pointers</a>
 
-          <li><a href="pointers.html">Pointers and Smart Pointers</a>
-
-          <li>Built-in Python Types
-
-          <li>Other Extension Types
-
-          <li>Templates
-        </ol>
+      <li><a href="data_structures.txt">Internal Data Structures</a>
           
 </ol>  
  
     <p>
-       More sophisticated examples are given in
-      <code>extclass_demo.cpp</code>, <code> extclass_demo.h</code>, and <code>
-      test_extclass.py</code> in the <a href="py_cpp.tgz">source code
-      archive</a>. There's much more here, and much more documentation to
-      come...
+      Documentation is a major ongoing project; assistance is greatly
+      appreciated! In the meantime, useful examples of every Boost.Python feature should
+      be evident in the regression test files <code>test/comprehensive.[<a
+      href="../test/comprehensive.py">py</a>/<a
+      href="../test/comprehensive.hpp">hpp</a>/<a
+      href="../test/comprehensive.cpp">cpp</a>]</code>
+
     <p>
        Questions should be directed to <a href= 
-      "http://www.egroups.com/list/boost">the boost mailing list</a>.
-
-    <h2>Naming Contest</h2>
+      "http://www.yahoogroups.com/list/boost">the boost mailing list</a>.
 
     <p>
-       Yes, I know py_cpp is a lousy name. Problem is, the best names my puny
-      imagination can muster (IDLE and GRAIL) are taken, so I'm holding a
-      naming contest. First prize? You get to pick the name&lt;0.2wink&gt; and
-      you will be credited in the documentation. Names that have been suggested
-      so far include:
-    <ul>
-      <li>
-        Py++
-      <li>
-        Python++
-      <li>
-        Coil
-      <li>
-        SnakeSkin
-      <li>
-        CCCP - <b>C</b>onvert <b>C</b>++ <b>
-        C</b>lasses to <b>P</b>ython
-      <li>
-        C<sup>3</sup>PO - <b>C</b>onvert <b>C</b>++
-        <b>C</b>lasses to <b>P</b>ython <b>
-        O</b>bjects
-      <li>
-        PALIN - <b>P</b>ython <b>
-        A</b>ugmented-<b>L</b>anguage <b>
-        IN</b>tegration
-      <li>
-        CLEESE - <b>C</b>++ <b>L</b>anguage <b>E</b>xtension <b>E</b>nvironment
-        <b>S</b>upremely <b>E</b>asy
-      <li>
-        JONES - <b>J</b>ust <b>O</b>bscenely <b>N</b>eat <b>E</b>xtension
-        <b>S</b>ystem
-      <li>
-        C-thru
-      <li>
-        SeamlessC
-      <li>
-        BorderCrossing
-      <li>
-        Perseus (because he solved a hairy problem involving snakes by using
-        reflection and was invisible most of the time).
-    </ul>
-    Please <a href="http://www.egroups.com/list/boost">post</a> or send <a
-    href="http:mailto:abrahams@mediaone.net">me</a> your suggestions!<br>
-     <br>
-     
-    <p>
-       &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+       &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
       sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &ldquo;as is&rdquo; without
+      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
       express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
       any purpose.
     <p>
-       Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+       Updated: Mar 6, 2001
 

doc/inheritance.html

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@
 <h2>Inheritance in Python</h2>
 
       <p>
-         Py_cpp extension classes support single and multiple-inheritance in
-         Python, just like regular Python classes. You can mix built-in Python
-         classes with py_cpp extension classes in a derived class' tuple of
-         bases. Whenever a py_cpp extension class is among the bases for a new
-         class in Python, the result is an extension class:
+         Boost.Python extension classes support single and multiple-inheritance in
+         Python, just like regular Python classes. You can arbitrarily mix
+         built-in Python classes with extension classes in a derived class'
+         tuple of bases. Whenever a Boost.Python extension class is among the bases for a
+         new class in Python, the result is an extension class:
 <blockquote>
 <pre>
 &gt;&gt;&gt; class MyPythonClass:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 <h2><a name="implicit_conversion">Reflecting C++ Inheritance Relationships</a></h2>
       <p>
-        Py_cpp also allows us to represent C++ inheritance relationships so that
+        Boost.Python also allows us to represent C++ inheritance relationships so that
         wrapped derived classes may be passed where values, pointers, or
         references to a base class are expected as arguments. The
         <code>declare_base</code> member function of
@@ -71,22 +71,22 @@ int get_derived_x(const Derived& d) {
     return d.x;
 }
     <hr>
-#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-void initmy_module()
+#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
+
+// namespace alias for code brevity
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(my_module)
 {
     try
     {
-       boost::python::module_builder my_module("my_module");
+       python::module_builder my_module("my_module");
 
-       boost::python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base_class(my_module, "Base");
-       base_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+       python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base_class(my_module, "Base");
+       base_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
 
-       boost::python::class_builder&lt;Derived&gt; derived_class(my_module, "Derived");
-       derived_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+       python::class_builder&lt;Derived&gt; derived_class(my_module, "Derived");
+       derived_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
        <b>// Establish the inheritance relationship between Base and Derived
        derived_class.declare_base(base_class);</b>
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void initmy_module()
     }
     catch(...)
     {
-       boost::python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
+       python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
     }
 }
 </pre>
@@ -111,11 +111,19 @@ void initmy_module()
 &gt;&gt;&gt; derived = Derived()
 &gt;&gt;&gt; get_name(base)
 'Base'
-</pre><i>objects of wrapped class Derived may be passed where Base is expected</i><pre>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<i>objects of wrapped class Derived may be passed where Base is expected</i>
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
 &gt;&gt;&gt; get_name(derived) 
 'Derived'
-</pre><i>objects of wrapped class Derived can be passed where Derived is 
-expected but where type information has been lost.</i><pre>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<i>objects of wrapped class Derived can be passed where Derived is 
+expected but where type information has been lost.</i>
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
 &gt;&gt;&gt; get_derived_x(derived_as_base()) 
 -1
 </pre>
@@ -135,12 +143,12 @@ struct Base2 {};
 struct Derived2 { int f(); };
 <hr>
    ...
-   boost::python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base2_class(my_module, "Base2");
-   base2_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+   python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base2_class(my_module, "Base2");
+   base2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
 
-   boost::python::class_builder&lt;Derived2&gt; derived2_class(my_module, "Derived2");
-   derived2_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
-   derived_class.declare_base(base_class, <b>boost::python::without_downcast</b>);
+   python::class_builder&lt;Derived2&gt; derived2_class(my_module, "Derived2");
+   derived2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+   derived_class.declare_base(base_class, <b>python::without_downcast</b>);
 </pre>
 </blockquote>
 
@@ -150,8 +158,8 @@ struct Derived2 { int f(); };
  references, or values.
 
       <p>
+         Next: <a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
          Previous: <a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
-         Next: <a href="special.html">Special Method Names</a>
          Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
       <p>
          &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,

doc/overloading.html

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ private:
 };
   ...
 
-void initoverload_demo()
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(overload_demo)
 {
     try
     {
@@ -113,18 +113,17 @@ namespace scope as Python member functions.
 
 <h2>Overload Resolution</h2>
       <p>
-        The function overload resolution mechanism in py_cpp works as
-        follows:
+        The function overload resolution mechanism  works as follows:
 
         <ul>
 
         <li>Attribute lookup for extension classes proceeds in <a
-        href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/tut/node11.html#SECTION0011510000000000000000">the
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/tut/node11.html#SECTION0011510000000000000000">the
         usual Python way</a> using a depth-first, left-to-right search. When a
         class is found which has a matching attribute, only functions overloaded
         in the context of that class are candidates for overload resolution. In
         this sense, overload resolution mirrors the C++ mechanism, where a name
-        in a derived class &ldquo;hides&rdquo; all functions with the same name from a base
+        in a derived class ``hides'' all functions with the same name from a base
         class.
         <p>
 
@@ -133,24 +132,24 @@ namespace scope as Python member functions.
         <code>def()</code>ed. The first function whose signature can be made to
         match each argument passed is the one which is ultimately called. 
         This means in particular that you cannot overload the same function on 
-        both &ldquo;<code>int</code>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<code>float</code>&rdquo; because Python 
+        both ``<code>int</code>'' and ``<code>float</code>'' because Python 
         automatically converts either of the two types into the other one. 
-        If the &ldquo;<code>float</code>&rdquo; overload is found first, it is used 
-        also used for arguments of type &ldquo;<code>int</code>&rdquo; as well, and the 
-        &ldquo;<code>int</code>&rdquo; version of the function is never invoked.
+        If the ``<code>float</code>'' overload is found first, it is used 
+        also used for arguments of type ``<code>int</code>'' as well, and the 
+        ``<code>int</code>'' version of the function is never invoked.
         </ul>
 
       <p>
-         Prev: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
-         Next: <a href="inheritance.html">Special Method Names</a>
+         Next: <a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a>
+         Previous: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
          Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
       <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
         sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &ldquo;as
-        is&rdquo; without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as
+        is'' without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
         its suitability for any purpose.
       <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
     </div>
 

doc/overriding.html

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     <h1>Overridable Virtual Functions</h1>
 
 <p> 
-  In the <a href="example1.html">previous example</a> we exposed a simple
+  In the <a href="exporting_classes.html">previous example</a> we exposed a simple
   C++ class in Python and showed that we could write a subclass. We even
   redefined one of the functions in our derived class. Now we will learn
   how to make the function behave virtually <em>when called from C++</em>. 
@@ -17,16 +17,17 @@
 
 <h2><a name="overriding_example">Example</a></h2>
 
-<p>In this example, it is assumed that <code>world::get()</code> is a virtual
+<p>In this example, it is assumed that <code>hello::greet()</code> is a virtual
 member function:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
-class world
+class hello
 {
  public:
-    world(int);
-    virtual ~world();
-    <b>virtual</b> std::string get() const { return "hi, world"; }
+    hello(const std::string&amp; country) { this-&gt;country = country; }
+    <b>virtual</b> std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country; }
+    virtual ~hello(); // Good practice 
+    ...
 };
 </pre></blockquote>
 
@@ -37,21 +38,28 @@ class world
 
 <ol>
 
-  <li><a name="derived_1">A</a> <code>PyObject*</code> data member that holds a
-  reference to the corresponding Python object.
+  <li><a name="derived_1">A</a> <code>PyObject*</code> data member (usually
+  called <tt>self</tt>) that holds a pointer to the Python object corresponding
+  to our C++ <tt>hello</tt> instance.
 
-  <li><a name="derived_2">A</a> constructor for each exposed constructor of the
-  base class which stores an additional initial <code>PyObject*</code> argument
-  in the data member described above.
+  <li><a name="derived_2">For</a>  each exposed constructor of the
+  base class <tt>T</tt>, a constructor which takes the same parameters preceded by an initial
+  <code>PyObject*</code> argument. The initial argument should be stored in the <tt>self</tt> data
+  member described above. 
 
-  <li><a name="derived_3">An</a> implementation of each virtual function you may
+  <li><a name="derived_3">If</a> the class being wrapped is ever returned <i>by
+  value</i> from a wrapped function, be sure you do the same for the
+  <tt>T</tt>'s copy constructor: you'll need a constructor taking arguments
+  <tt>(PyObject*,&nbsp;const&nbsp;T&amp;)</tt>.
+
+  <li><a name="derived_4">An</a> implementation of each virtual function you may
   wish to override in Python which uses
-  <code>boost::python::callback&lt<i>return-type</i>&gt;::call_method()</code> to call
+  <tt>callback&lt</tt><i>return-type</i><tt>&gt;::call_method(self,&nbsp;&quot;</tt><i>name</i><tt>&quot;,&nbsp;</tt><i>args...</i><tt>)</tt> to call
   the Python override.
 
-  <li><a name="derived_4">For</a> each non-pure virtual function meant to be
+  <li><a name="derived_5">For</a> each non-pure virtual function meant to be
   overridable from Python, a static member function (or a free function) taking
-  a reference or pointer to the base type as the first parameter and which
+  a reference or pointer to the <tt>T</tt> as the first parameter and which
   forwards any additional parameters neccessary to the <i>default</i>
   implementation of the virtual function. See also <a href="#private">this
   note</a> if the base class virtual function is private.
@@ -59,52 +67,60 @@ class world
 </ol>
 
 <blockquote><pre>
-struct world_callback : world
+struct hello_callback : hello
 {
-    world_callback(PyObject* self, int x) // <a href="#derived_2">2</a>
-        : world(x),
-          m_self(self) {}
+    // hello constructor storing initial self_ parameter
+    hello_callback(PyObject* self_, const std::string&amp; x) // <a href="#derived_2">2</a>
+        : hello(x), self(self_) {}
 
-    std::string get() const // <a href="#derived_3">3</a>
-        { return boost::python::callback&lt;std::string&gt;::call_method(m_self, "get"); }
+    // In case hello is returned by-value from a wrapped function
+    hello_callback(PyObject* self_, const hello&amp; x) // <a href="#derived_3">3</a>
+        : hello(x), self(self_) {}
 
-    static std::string <a name= "default_implementation">default_get</a>(const hello::world& self) const // <a href="#derived_4">4</a>
-        { return self.world::get(); }
+    // Override greet to call back into Python
+    std::string greet() const // <a href="#derived_4">4</a>
+        { return boost::python::callback&lt;std::string&gt;::call_method(self, "greet"); }
+
+    // Supplies the default implementation of greet
+    static std::string <a name= "default_implementation">default_greet</a>(const hello& self_) const // <a href="#derived_5">5</a>
+        { return self_.hello::greet(); }
  private:
-    PyObject* m_self; // <a href="#derived_1">1</a>
+    PyObject* self; // <a href="#derived_1">1</a>
 };
 </pre></blockquote>
 
 <p>
-  Finally, we add <code>world_callback</code> to the <code>
-  class_builder&lt;&gt;</code> declaration in our module initialization
-  function, and when we define the function, we must tell py_cpp about the default
+  Finally, we add <tt>hello_callback</tt> to the <tt>
+  class_builder&lt;&gt;</tt> declaration in our module initialization
+  function, and when we define the function, we must tell Boost.Python about the default
   implementation:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
 // Create the <a name=
-"world_class">Python type object</a> for our extension class
-boost::python::class_builder&lt;hello::world<strong>,world_callback&gt;</strong> world_class(hello, "world");
+"hello_class">Python type object</a> for our extension class
+boost::python::class_builder&lt;hello<strong>,hello_callback&gt;</strong> hello_class(hello, "hello");
 // Add a virtual member function
-world_class.def(&amp;world::get, "get", &amp;<b>world_callback::default_get</b>);
+hello_class.def(&amp;hello::greet, "greet", &amp;<b>hello_callback::default_greet</b>);
 </pre></blockquote>
 
 <p>
- Now our subclass of <code>hello.world</code> behaves as expected:
+ Now our Python subclass of <tt>hello</tt> behaves as expected:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class my_subclass(hello.world):
-...     def get(self):
-...         return 'hello, world'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class wordy(hello):
+...     def greet(self):
+...         return hello.greet(self) + ', where the weather is fine'
 ...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hello.length(my_subclass())
-12
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2 = wordy('Florida')
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2.greet()
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; invite(hi2)
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine! Please come soon!'
 </pre></blockquote>
-
     <p>
       <a name="why_derived">*</a>You may ask, "Why do we need this derived
       class? This could have been designed so that everything gets done right
-      inside of <code>hello::world</code>." One of the goals of py_cpp is to be
+      inside of <tt>hello</tt>." One of the goals of Boost.Python is to be
       minimally intrusive on an existing C++ design. In principle, it should be
       possible to expose the interface for a 3rd party library without changing
       it. To unintrusively hook into the virtual functions so that a Python
@@ -117,32 +133,29 @@ world_class.def(&amp;world::get, "get", &amp;<b>world_callback::default_get</b>)
       deal with than a virtual function with a default implementation. First of
       all, you obviously don't need to <a href="#default_implementation"> supply
       a default implementation</a>. Secondly, you don't need to call
-      <code>def()</code> on the <code>extension_class&lt;&gt;</code> instance
+      <tt>def()</tt> on the <tt>extension_class&lt;&gt;</tt> instance
       for the virtual function. In fact, you wouldn't <em>want</em> to: if the
       corresponding attribute on the Python class stays undefined, you'll get an
-      <code>AttributeError</code> in Python when you try to call the function,
+      <tt>AttributeError</tt> in Python when you try to call the function,
       indicating that it should have been implemented. For example:
     <blockquote>
 <pre>
 struct baz {
     <strong>virtual</strong> int pure(int) = 0;
+    int calls_pure(int x) { return pure(x) + 1000; }
 };
 
 struct baz_callback {
     int pure(int x) { boost::python::callback&lt;int&gt;::call_method(m_self, "pure", x); }
 };
 
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-initfoobar()
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(foobar)
 {
     try
     {
        boost::python::module_builder foobar("foobar");
        boost::python::class_builder&lt;baz,baz_callback&gt; baz_class("baz");
-       baz_class.def(&amp;baz::pure, "pure");
+       baz_class.def(&amp;baz::calls_pure, "calls_pure");
     }
     catch(...)
     {
@@ -161,12 +174,18 @@ initfoobar()
 Traceback (innermost last):
   File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
 AttributeError: pure
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.calls_pure(1)
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
+AttributeError: pure
 &gt;&gt;&gt; class mumble(baz):
 ...    def pure(self, x): return x + 1
 ...
 &gt;&gt;&gt; y = mumble()
 &gt;&gt;&gt; y.pure(99)
 100
+&gt;&gt;&gt; y.calls_pure(99)
+1100
 </pre></blockquote>
 
 <a name="private"><h2>Private Non-Pure Virtual Functions</h2></a>
@@ -180,16 +199,17 @@ this limited way without breaking binary compatibility (though it will certainly
 break the <a
 href="http://cs.calvin.edu/c++/C++Standard-Nov97/basic.html#basic.def.odr">ODR</a>).
 
+<hr>
     <p>
-      Prev: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using py_cpp</a> Next: <a
-      href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a> Up: <a href= 
-      "index.html">Top</a>
+      Next: <a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
+      Previous: <a href="exporting_classes.html">Exporting Classes</a>
+      Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
     <p>
-      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
       sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
       notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
       express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
       any purpose.
     <p>
-      Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+      Updated: Mar 21, 2001
 

doc/pickle.html

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+
+<title>Boost.Python Pickle Support</title>
+
+<div>
+
+<img src="../../../c++boost.gif"
+     alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+     align="center"
+     width="277" height="86">
+
+<hr>
+<h1>Boost.Python Pickle Support</h1>
+
+Pickle is a Python module for object serialization, also known
+as persistence, marshalling, or flattening.
+
+<p>
+It is often necessary to save and restore the contents of an object to
+a file. One approach to this problem is to write a pair of functions
+that read and write data from a file in a special format. A powerful
+alternative approach is to use Python's pickle module. Exploiting
+Python's ability for introspection, the pickle module recursively
+converts nearly arbitrary Python objects into a stream of bytes that
+can be written to a file.
+
+<p>
+The Boost Python Library supports the pickle module by emulating the
+interface implemented by Jim Fulton's ExtensionClass module that is
+included in the
+<a href="http://www.zope.org/"
+>ZOPE</a>
+distribution.
+This interface is similar to that for regular Python classes as
+described in detail in the
+<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-pickle.html"
+>Python Library Reference for pickle.</a>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>The Boost.Python Pickle Interface</h2>
+
+At the user level, the Boost.Python pickle interface involves three special
+methods:
+
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<strong><tt>__getinitargs__</tt></strong>
+<dd>
+  When an instance of a Boost.Python extension class is pickled, the
+  pickler tests if the instance has a <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> method.
+  This method must return a Python tuple (it is most convenient to use
+  a boost::python::tuple). When the instance is restored by the
+  unpickler, the contents of this tuple are used as the arguments for
+  the class constructor.
+
+  <p>
+  If <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> is not defined, the class constructor
+  will be called without arguments.
+
+<p>
+<dt>
+<strong><tt>__getstate__</tt></strong>
+
+<dd>
+  When an instance of a Boost.Python extension class is pickled, the
+  pickler tests if the instance has a <tt>__getstate__</tt> method.
+  This method should return a Python object representing the state of
+  the instance.
+
+  <p>
+  If <tt>__getstate__</tt> is not defined, the instance's
+  <tt>__dict__</tt> is pickled (if it is not empty).
+
+<p>
+<dt>
+<strong><tt>__setstate__</tt></strong>
+
+<dd>
+  When an instance of a Boost.Python extension class is restored by the
+  unpickler, it is first constructed using the result of
+  <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> as arguments (see above). Subsequently the
+  unpickler tests if the new instance has a <tt>__setstate__</tt>
+  method. If so, this method is called with the result of
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> (a Python object) as the argument.
+
+  <p>
+  If <tt>__setstate__</tt> is not defined, the result of
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> must be a Python dictionary. The items of this
+  dictionary are added to the instance's <tt>__dict__</tt>.
+
+</dl>
+
+If both <tt>__getstate__</tt> and <tt>__setstate__</tt> are defined,
+the Python object returned by <tt>__getstate__</tt> need not be a
+dictionary. The <tt>__getstate__</tt> and <tt>__setstate__</tt> methods
+can do what they want.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Pitfalls and Safety Guards</h2>
+
+In Boost.Python extension modules with many extension classes,
+providing complete pickle support for all classes would be a
+significant overhead. In general complete pickle support should only be
+implemented for extension classes that will eventually be pickled.
+However, the author of a Boost.Python extension module might not
+anticipate correctly which classes need support for pickle.
+Unfortunately, the pickle protocol described above has two important
+pitfalls that the end user of a Boost.Python extension module might not
+be aware of:
+
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<strong>Pitfall 1:</strong>
+Both <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> and <tt>__getstate__</tt> are not defined.
+
+<dd>
+  In this situation the unpickler calls the class constructor without
+  arguments and then adds the <tt>__dict__</tt> that was pickled by
+  default to that of the new instance.
+
+  <p>
+  However, most C++ classes wrapped with Boost.Python will have member
+  data that are not restored correctly by this procedure. To alert the
+  user to this problem, a safety guard is provided. If both
+  <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> and <tt>__getstate__</tt> are not defined,
+  Boost.Python tests if the class has an attribute
+  <tt>__dict_defines_state__</tt>. An exception is raised if this
+  attribute is not defined:
+
+<pre>
+    RuntimeError: Incomplete pickle support (__dict_defines_state__ not set)
+</pre>
+
+  In the rare cases where this is not the desired behavior, the safety
+  guard can deliberately be disabled. The corresponding C++ code for
+  this is, e.g.:
+
+<pre>
+    class_builder&lt;your_class&gt; py_your_class(your_module, "your_class");
+    py_your_class.dict_defines_state();
+</pre>
+
+  It is also possible to override the safety guard at the Python level.
+  E.g.:
+
+<pre>
+    import your_bpl_module
+    class your_class(your_bpl_module.your_class):
+      __dict_defines_state__ = 1
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<dt>
+<strong>Pitfall 2:</strong>
+<tt>__getstate__</tt> is defined and the instance's <tt>__dict__</tt> is not empty.
+
+<dd>
+  The author of a Boost.Python extension class might provide a
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> method without considering the possibilities
+  that:
+
+  <p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>
+    his class is used in Python as a base class. Most likely the
+    <tt>__dict__</tt> of instances of the derived class needs to be
+    pickled in order to restore the instances correctly.
+
+  <p>
+  <li>
+    the user adds items to the instance's <tt>__dict__</tt> directly.
+    Again, the <tt>__dict__</tt> of the instance then needs to be
+    pickled.
+
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+
+  To alert the user to this highly unobvious problem, a safety guard is
+  provided. If <tt>__getstate__</tt> is defined and the instance's
+  <tt>__dict__</tt> is not empty, Boost.Python tests if the class has
+  an attribute <tt>__getstate_manages_dict__</tt>. An exception is
+  raised if this attribute is not defined:
+
+<pre>
+    RuntimeError: Incomplete pickle support (__getstate_manages_dict__ not set)
+</pre>
+
+  To resolve this problem, it should first be established that the
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> and <tt>__setstate__</tt> methods manage the
+  instances's <tt>__dict__</tt> correctly. Note that this can be done
+  both at the C++ and the Python level. Finally, the safety guard
+  should intentionally be overridden.  E.g. in C++:
+
+<pre>
+    class_builder&lt;your_class&gt; py_your_class(your_module, "your_class");
+    py_your_class.getstate_manages_dict();
+</pre>
+
+  In Python:
+
+<pre>
+    import your_bpl_module
+    class your_class(your_bpl_module.your_class):
+      __getstate_manages_dict__ = 1
+      def __getstate__(self):
+        # your code here
+      def __setstate__(self, state):
+        # your code here
+</pre>
+</dl>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Practical Advice</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+  Avoid using <tt>__getstate__</tt> if the instance can also be
+  reconstructed by way of <tt>__getinitargs__</tt>. This automatically
+  avoids Pitfall 2.
+
+<p>
+<li>
+  If <tt>__getstate__</tt> is required, include the instance's
+  <tt>__dict__</tt> in the Python object that is returned.
+
+</ul>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Examples</h2>
+
+There are three files in <tt>boost/libs/python/example</tt> that
+show how so provide pickle support.
+
+<h3><a href="../example/pickle1.cpp"><tt>pickle1.cpp</tt></a></h3>
+
+    The C++ class in this example can be fully restored by passing the
+    appropriate argument to the constructor. Therefore it is sufficient
+    to define the pickle interface method <tt>__getinitargs__</tt>.
+
+<h3><a href="../example/pickle2.cpp"><tt>pickle2.cpp</tt></a></h3>
+
+    The C++ class in this example contains member data that cannot be
+    restored by any of the constructors. Therefore it is necessary to
+    provide the <tt>__getstate__</tt>/<tt>__setstate__</tt> pair of
+    pickle interface methods.
+
+    <p>
+    For simplicity, the <tt>__dict__</tt> is not included in the result
+    of <tt>__getstate__</tt>. This is not generally recommended, but a
+    valid approach if it is anticipated that the object's
+    <tt>__dict__</tt> will always be empty. Note that the safety guards
+    will catch the cases where this assumption is violated.
+
+<h3><a href="../example/pickle3.cpp"><tt>pickle3.cpp</tt></a></h3>
+
+    This example is similar to <a
+    href="../example/pickle2.cpp"><tt>pickle2.cpp</tt></a>. However, the
+    object's <tt>__dict__</tt> is included in the result of
+    <tt>__getstate__</tt>.  This requires more code but is unavoidable
+    if the object's <tt>__dict__</tt> is not always empty.
+
+<hr>
+&copy; Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001. Permission to copy,
+use, modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as
+is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
+suitability for any purpose.
+
+<p>
+Updated: March 21, 2001
+</div>

doc/pointers.html

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
       <p>
 In general, raw pointers passed to or returned from functions are problematic
-for py_cpp because pointers have too many potential meanings. Is it an iterator?
+for Boost.Python because pointers have too many potential meanings. Is it an iterator?
 A pointer to a single element? An array? When used as a return value, is the
 caller expected to manage (delete) the pointed-to object or is the pointer
 really just a reference? If the latter, what happens to Python references to the
@@ -34,12 +34,10 @@ converted from/to Python strings.
 <h3>Can you avoid the problem?</h3>
 
 <p>My first piece of advice to anyone with a case not covered above is
-&ldquo;find a way to avoid the problem.&rdquo; For example, if you have just one
-or two functions returning a pointer to a single (not an array of) <code>const
-T*</code> for some wrapped <code>T</code>, you may be able to write a &ldquo;thin
-converting wrapper&rdquo; over those two functions as follows (Since py_cpp
-converts <code>const T&</code> values <code>to_python</code> by copying the T
-into a new extension instance, Foo must have a public copy constructor):
+``find a way to avoid the problem.'' For example, if you have just one
+or two functions that return a pointer to an individual <code>const
+T</code>, and <code>T</code> is a wrapped class, you may be able to write a ``thin
+converting wrapper'' over those two functions as follows:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
 const Foo* f(); // original function
@@ -47,6 +45,10 @@ const Foo& f_wrapper() { return *f(); }
   ...
 my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
 </pre></blockquote>
+<p>
+Foo must have a public copy constructor for this technique to work, since Boost.Python
+converts <code>const T&</code> values <code>to_python</code> by copying the <code>T</code>
+value into a new extension instance.
 
 <h2>Dealing with the problem</h2>
 
@@ -83,12 +85,12 @@ code before the last Python reference to it disappears:
 BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
   PyObject* to_python(Foo* p)
   {
-      return boost::python::PyExtensionClassConverters<Foo>::ptr_to_python(p);
+      return boost::python::python_extension_class_converters&lt;Foo&gt;::smart_ptr_to_python(p);
   }
 
   PyObject* to_python(const Foo* p)
   {
-      return to_python(const_cast<Foo*>(p));
+      return to_python(const_cast&lt;Foo*&gt;(p));
   }
 BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
 </pre></blockquote>
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ return value. You can handle this case by returning a Python tuple:
 typedef unsigned ErrorCode;
 const char* f(int* in_out_x); // original function
  ...
-#include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
+#include &lt;boost/python/objects.hpp&gt;
 const boost::python::tuple f_wrapper(int in_x) { 
   const char* s = f(in_x); 
   return boost::python::tuple(s, in_x);
@@ -131,8 +133,9 @@ my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
 &gt;&gt;&gt; str,out_x = f(3)
 </pre></blockquote>
 
-
-
+<p>
+         Previous: <a href="enums.html">Enums</a>
+         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
       <p>
          &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
         sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright

doc/richcmp.html

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+
+<title>Rich Comparisons</title>
+
+<div>
+
+<img src="../../../c++boost.gif"
+     alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+     align="center"
+     width="277" height="86">
+
+<hr>
+<h1>Rich Comparisons</h1>
+
+<hr>
+In Python versions up to and including Python 2.0, support for
+implementing comparisons on user-defined classes and extension types
+was quite simple. Classes could implement a <tt>__cmp__</tt> method
+that was given two instances of a class as arguments, and could only
+return <tt>0</tt> if they were equal or <tt>+1</tt> or <tt>-1</tt> if
+they were not. The method could not raise an exception or return
+anything other than an integer value.
+In Python 2.1, <b>Rich Comparisons</b> were added (see
+<a href="http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/pep-0207.html">PEP 207</a>).
+Python classes can now individually overload each of the &lt;, &lt;=,
+&gt;, &gt;=, ==, and != operations.
+
+<p>
+For more detailed information, search for "rich comparison"
+<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/customization.html"
+>here</a>.
+
+<p>
+Boost.Python supports both automatic overloading and manual overloading
+of the Rich Comparison operators. The <b>compile-time</b> support is
+independent of the Python version that is used when compiling
+Boost.Python extension modules. That is, <tt>op_lt</tt> for example can
+always be used, and the C++ <tt>operator&lt;</tt> will always be bound
+to the Python method <tt>__lt__</tt>. However, the <b>run-time</b>
+behavior will depend on the Python version.
+
+<p>
+With Python versions before 2.1, the Rich Comparison operators will not
+be called by Python when any of the six comparison operators
+(<tt>&lt;</tt>, <tt>&lt;=</tt>, <tt>==</tt>, <tt>!=</tt>,
+<tt>&gt;</tt>, <tt>&gt;=</tt>) is used in an expression. The only way
+to access the corresponding methods is to call them explicitly, e.g.
+<tt>a.__lt__(b)</tt>. Only with Python versions 2.1 or higher will
+expressions like <tt>a &lt; b</tt> work as expected.
+
+<p>
+To support Rich Comparisions, the Python C API was modified between
+Python versions 2.0 and 2.1. A new slot was introduced in the
+<tt>PyTypeObject</tt> structure: <tt>tp_richcompare</tt>. For backwards
+compatibility, a flag (<tt>Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE</tt>) has to be
+set to signal to the Python interpreter that Rich Comparisions are
+supported by a particular type.
+There is only one flag for all the six comparison operators.
+When any of the six operators is wrapped automatically or
+manually, Boost.Python will set this flag. Attempts to use comparison
+operators at the Python level that are not defined at the C++ level
+will then lead to an <tt>AttributeError</tt> when the Python 2.1
+(or higher) interpreter tries, e.g., <tt>a.__lt__(b)</tt>. That
+is, in general all six operators should be supplied. Automatically
+wrapped operators and manually wrapped operators can be mixed. For
+example:<pre>
+    boost::python::class_builder&lt;code&gt; py_code(this_module, "code");
+
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int&gt;());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(  boost::python::op_eq
+                                          | boost::python::op_ne)&gt;());
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__lt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__le__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__gt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__ge__");
+</pre>
+
+<tt>NotImplemented</tt> is a simple free function that (currently) has
+to be provided by the user. For example:<pre>
+  boost::python::ref
+  NotImplemented(const code&amp;, const code&amp;) {
+    return
+    boost::python::ref(Py_NotImplemented, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+  }
+</pre>
+
+See also:
+<ul>
+<li><a href="../example/richcmp1.cpp"><tt>../example/richcmp1.cpp</tt></a>
+<li><a href="../example/richcmp2.cpp"><tt>../example/richcmp2.cpp</tt></a>
+<li><a href="../example/richcmp3.cpp"><tt>../example/richcmp3.cpp</tt></a>
+</ul>
+
+<hr>
+&copy; Copyright Nicholas K. Sauter &amp; Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001.
+Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document is
+granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies. This
+document is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty, and
+with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+<p>
+Updated: July 2001
+
+</div>

doc/special.html

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
     <title>
       Special Method and Operator Support
     </title>
     <div>
       <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center" src= 
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="middle" src= 
         "../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Special Method and
         Operator Support
       </h1>
@@ -13,8 +12,8 @@
          Overview
       </h2>
       <p>
-         Py_cpp supports all of the standard <a href=
-        "http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
+         Boost.Python supports all of the standard <a href=
+        "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
         special method names</a> supported by real Python class instances <em>
         except</em> <code>__complex__</code> (more on the reasons <a href=
         "#reasons">below</a>). In addition, it can quickly and easily expose
@@ -34,19 +33,24 @@
       Python provides a number of special operators for basic customization of a
       class. Only a brief description is provided below; more complete
       documentation can be found <a
-      href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/customization.html">here</a>.
+      href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/customization.html">here</a>.
 
       <dl>
         <dt>
           <b><tt class='method'>__init__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
         <dd>
           Initialize the class instance. For extension classes not subclassed in
-          Python, this is provided by the
-          <code>boost::python::constructor<...>()</code> construct and should <i>not</i> be explicitly <code>def</code>ed.
+          Python, <code> __init__</code> is defined by 
+          
+          <pre>    my_class.def(boost::python::constructor<...>())</pre> 
+          
+          (see section <a href="example1.html">"A Simple Example Using Boost.Python"</a>).<p>
         <dt>
           <b><tt class='method'>__del__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
         <dd>
-          Called when the extension instance is about to be destroyed.
+          Called when the extension instance is about to be destroyed. For extension classes 
+          not subclassed in Python, <code> __del__</code> is always defined automatically by 
+          means of the class' destructor.
         <dt>
           <b><tt class='method'>__repr__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
         <dd>
@@ -56,13 +60,27 @@
           <b><tt class='method'>__str__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
         <dd>
           Create a string representation which is suitable for printing.
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__lt__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__le__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__eq__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__ne__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__gt__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__ge__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dd>
+	  Rich Comparison methods.
+          New in Python 2.1.
+          See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>.
         <dt>
           <b><tt class='method'>__cmp__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
         <dd>
-          Three-way compare function, used to implement comparison operators
-          (&lt; etc.) Should return a negative integer if <code> self < other
-          </code> , zero if <code> self == other </code> , a positive integer if
-          <code> self > other </code>.
+	  Three-way compare function.
+          See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>.
         <dt>
           <b><tt class='method'>__hash__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
         <dd>
@@ -78,7 +96,7 @@
         <dt>
         <b><tt class='method'>__call__</tt></b> (<var>self</var><big>[</big><var>, args...</var><big>]</big>)
 <dd>
-Called when the instance is &ldquo;called&rdquo; as a function; if this method
+Called when the instance is ``called'' as a function; if this method
 is defined, <code><var>x</var>(arg1, arg2, ...)</code> is a shorthand for
 <code><var>x</var>.__call__(arg1, arg2, ...)</code>.
       </dl>
@@ -100,7 +118,7 @@ std::string to_string(Foo const&amp; f)
 boost::python::class_builder&lt;Foo&gt; foo_class(my_module, "Foo");
 foo_class.def(&amp;to_string, "__str__");
 </pre></blockquote>
-      Note that py_cpp also supports <em>automatic wrapping</em> of
+      Note that Boost.Python also supports <em>automatic wrapping</em> of
       <code>__str__</code> and <code>__cmp__</code>. This is explained in the <a
       href="#numeric">next section</a> and the <a href="#numeric_table">Table of
       Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>.
@@ -110,10 +128,10 @@ foo_class.def(&amp;to_string, "__str__");
 <p>
       Numeric operators can be exposed manually, by <code>def</code>ing C++
       [member] functions that support the standard Python <a
-      href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/numeric-types.html">numeric
-      protocols</a>. This is the basic same technique used to expose
+      href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/numeric-types.html">numeric
+      protocols</a>. This is the same basic technique used to expose
       <code>to_string()</code> as <code>__str__()</code> above, and is <a
-      href="#numeric_manual">covered in detail below</a>.  Py_cpp also supports
+      href="#numeric_manual">covered in detail below</a>.  Boost.Python also supports
       <i>automatic wrapping</i> of numeric operators whenever they have already
       been defined in C++.
 
@@ -121,7 +139,7 @@ foo_class.def(&amp;to_string, "__str__");
 
 <p>
 Supose we wanted to expose a C++ class
-      <code>BigNum</code> which supports addition, so that we can write (in C++):
+      <code>BigNum</code> which supports addition. That is, in C++ we can write:
 <blockquote><pre>
 BigNum a, b, c;
 ...
@@ -143,7 +161,7 @@ bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;());
 
       Since BigNum also supports subtraction, multiplication, and division, we
       want to export those also. This can be done in a single command by
-      &ldquo;or&rdquo;ing the operator identifiers together (a complete list of these
+      ``or''ing the operator identifiers together (a complete list of these
       identifiers and the corresponding operators can be found in the <a href= 
       "#numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>):
 <blockquote><pre>
@@ -170,7 +188,7 @@ a = i + b;
 bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;(), boost::python::right_operand&lt;int&gt;());
 bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;(), boost::python::left_operand&lt;int&gt;());
 </pre></blockquote>
-      Py_cpp uses overloading to register several variants of the same
+      Boost.Python uses overloading to register several variants of the same
       operation (more on this in the context of <a href="#coercion">
       coercion</a>). Again, several operators can be exported at once: 
 <blockquote><pre>
@@ -181,7 +199,7 @@ bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(boost::python::op_sub | boost::pyt
 </pre></blockquote>
       The type of the operand not mentioned is taken from the class being wrapped. In
       our example, the class object is <code>bignum_class</code>, and thus the
-      other operand's type is &ldquo;<code>BigNum const&amp;</code>&rdquo;. You can override
+      other operand's type is ``<code>BigNum const&amp;</code>''. You can override
       this default by explicitly specifying a type in the <code>
       operators</code> template: 
 <blockquote><pre>
@@ -189,15 +207,18 @@ bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add, BigNum&gt;()
 </pre></blockquote>
       <p>
         Note that automatic wrapping uses the <em>expression</em>
-        &ldquo;<code>left + right</code>&rdquo; and can be used uniformly
+        ``<code>left + right</code>'' and can be used uniformly
         regardless of whether the C++ operators are supplied as free functions
-        <blockquote><pre>
+
+ <blockquote><pre>
 BigNum operator+(BigNum, BigNum)
 </pre></blockquote>
-        or as member
-        functions <blockquote><pre>
+
+        or as member functions
+
+<blockquote><pre>
 BigNum::operator+(BigNum).
-</blockquote></pre>
+</pre></blockquote>
 
       <p>
         For the Python built-in functions <code>pow()</code> and
@@ -218,8 +239,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace python {
       <p>
         In some cases, automatic wrapping of operators may be impossible or
         undesirable. Suppose, for example, that the modulo operation for BigNums
-        is defined by a set of functions <code>mod()</code> (for automatic
-        wrapping, we would need <code>operator%()</code>):
+        is defined by a set of functions called <code>mod()</code>:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
 BigNum mod(BigNum const&amp; left, BigNum const&amp; right);
@@ -228,8 +248,9 @@ BigNum mod(int left, BigNum const&amp; right);
 </pre></blockquote>
 
      <p>
-       In order to create the Python operator "__mod__" from these functions, we
-       have to wrap them manually:
+        For automatic wrapping of the modulo function, <code>operator%()</code> would be needed.
+        Therefore, the <code>mod()</code>-functions must be wrapped manually. That is, we have 
+        to export them explicitly with the Python special name "__mod__":
 
 <blockquote><pre>
 bignum_class.def((BigNum (*)(BigNum const&amp;, BigNum const&amp;))&amp;mod, "__mod__");
@@ -237,8 +258,8 @@ bignum_class.def((BigNum (*)(BigNum const&amp;, int))&amp;mod, "__mod__");
 </pre></blockquote>
 
 <p>
-      The third form (with <code>int</code> as left operand) cannot be wrapped
-      this way. We must first create a function <code>rmod()</code> with the
+      The third form of <code>mod()</code> (with <code>int</code> as left operand) cannot 
+      be wrapped directly. We must first create a function <code>rmod()</code> with the
       operands reversed: 
 
 <blockquote><pre>
@@ -248,7 +269,7 @@ BigNum rmod(BigNum const&amp; right, int left)
 }
 </pre></blockquote>
 
-      This function must be wrapped under the name "__rmod__": 
+      This function must be wrapped under the name "__rmod__" (standing for "reverse mod"): 
 
 <blockquote><pre>
 bignum_class.def(&amp;rmod,  "__rmod__");
@@ -261,9 +282,9 @@ bignum_class.def(&amp;rmod,  "__rmod__");
       <p>
         Automatic and manual wrapping can be mixed arbitrarily. Note that you
         cannot overload the same operator for a given extension class on both
-        &ldquo;<code>int</code>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<code>float</code>&rdquo;, because Python implicitly
+        ``<code>int</code>'' and ``<code>float</code>'', because Python implicitly
         converts these types into each other. Thus, the overloaded variant
-        found first (be it &ldquo;<code>int</code>&ldquo; or &ldquo;<code>float</code>&rdquo;) will be
+        found first (be it ``<code>int</code>`` or ``<code>float</code>'') will be
         used for either of the two types.
 
 <h3><a name="coercion">Coercion</a></h3>
@@ -271,18 +292,18 @@ bignum_class.def(&amp;rmod,  "__rmod__");
 
       Plain Python can only execute operators with identical types on the left
       and right hand side. If it encounters an expression where the types of
-      the left and right operand differ, it tries to coerce these type to a
+      the left and right operand differ, it tries to coerce these types to a
       common type before invoking the actual operator. Implementing good
       coercion functions can be difficult if many type combinations must be
       supported. 
       <p>
-        Py_cpp solves this problem the same way that C++ does: with <em><a
+        Boost.Python solves this problem the same way that C++ does: with <em><a
         href="overloading.html">overloading</a></em>. This technique drastically
         simplifies the code neccessary to support operators: you just register
-        operators for all desired type combinations, and py_cpp automatically
+        operators for all desired type combinations, and Boost.Python automatically
         ensures that the correct function is called in each case; there is no
         need for user-defined coercion functions. To enable operator
-        overloading, py_cpp provides a standard coercion which is <em>implicitly
+        overloading, Boost.Python provides a standard coercion which is <em>implicitly
         registered</em> whenever automatic operator wrapping is used.
       <p>
         If you wrap all operator functions manually, but still want to use
@@ -295,7 +316,7 @@ bignum_class.def_standard_coerce();
 </pre></blockquote>
 
       If you encounter a situation where you absolutely need a customized
-      coercion, you can overload the "__coerce__" operator itself. The signature
+      coercion, you can still define the "__coerce__" operator manually. The signature
       of a coercion function should look like one of the following (the first is
       the safest):
 
@@ -310,13 +331,22 @@ PyObject* custom_coerce(PyObject* left, PyObject* right);
       converted to the same type. Such a function is wrapped as usual: 
 
 <blockquote><pre>
+// this must be called before any use of automatic operator  
+// wrapping or a call to some_class.def_standard_coerce()
 some_class.def(&amp;custom_coerce, "__coerce__");
 </pre></blockquote>
 
-      Note that the later use of automatic operator wrapping on a
-      <code>class_builder</code> or a call to
-      &ldquo;<code>some_class.def_standard_coerce()</code>&rdquo; will cause any
-      custom coercion function to be replaced by the standard one.
+     Note that the standard coercion (defined by use of automatic 
+     operator wrapping on a <code>class_builder</code> or a call to
+     <code>class_builder::def_standard_coerce()</code>) will never be applied if
+     a custom coercion function has been registered. Therefore, in 
+     your coercion function you should call 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+boost::python::standard_coerce(left, right);
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+     for all cases that you don't want to handle yourself.
 
 <h3><a name="ternary_pow">The Ternary <code>pow()</code> Operator</a></h3>
 
@@ -330,7 +360,7 @@ some_class.def(&amp;custom_coerce, "__coerce__");
       this is done as usual: 
 
 <blockquote><pre>
-BigNum power(BigNum const&amp; first, BigNum const&amp; second, BigNum const&amp; module);
+BigNum power(BigNum const&amp; first, BigNum const&amp; second, BigNum const&amp; modulus);
 typedef BigNum (ternary_function1)(const BigNum&amp;, const BigNum&amp;, const BigNum&amp;);
 ...
 bignum_class.def((ternary_function1)&amp;power,  "__pow__");
@@ -353,19 +383,19 @@ bignum_class.def((ternary_function2)&amp;power,  "__pow__");
 </pre></blockquote>
 
       In the second variant, however, <code>BigNum</code> appears only as second
-      argument, and in the last one it is the third argument. These functions
-      must be presented to py_cpp such that that the <code>BigNum</code>
+      argument, and in the last one it's the third argument. These functions
+      must be presented to Boost.Python such that that the <code>BigNum</code>
       argument appears in first position:
 
 <blockquote><pre>
 BigNum rpower(BigNum const&amp; second, int first, int modulus)
 {
-    return power(first, second, third);
+    return power(first, second, modulus);
 }
 
-BigNum rrpower(BigNum const&amp; third, int first, int second)
+BigNum rrpower(BigNum const&amp; modulus, int first, int second)
 {
-    return power(first, second, third);
+    return power(first, second, modulus);
 }
 </pre></blockquote>
 
@@ -381,8 +411,8 @@ Note that "__rrpow__" is an extension not present in plain Python.
 
 <h2><a name="numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a></h2>
       <p>
-         Py_cpp can automatically wrap the following <a href=
-         "http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
+         Boost.Python can automatically wrap the following <a href=
+         "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
          special methods</a>:
 
       <p>
@@ -528,17 +558,42 @@ Note that "__rrpow__" is an extension not present in plain Python.
             <code>__cmp__, __rcmp__</code>
           <td>
             <code>cmp(left, right)</code><br>
-             <code>left &lt; right</code><br>
-             <code>left &lt;= right</code><br>
-             <code>left &gt; right</code><br>
-             <code>left &gt;= right</code><br>
-             <code>left == right</code><br>
-             <code>left != right</code>
+            <br>See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>.
           <td>
             <code>op_cmp</code>
           <td>
             <code>cpp_left &lt; cpp_right </code>
         <br><code>cpp_right &lt; cpp_left</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+                <code>__lt__</code>
+            <br><code>__le__</code>
+            <br><code>__eq__</code>
+            <br><code>__ne__</code>
+            <br><code>__gt__</code>
+            <br><code>__ge__</code>
+          <td>
+                <code>left &lt; right</code>
+            <br><code>left &lt;= right</code>
+            <br><code>left == right</code>
+            <br><code>left != right</code>
+            <br><code>left &gt; right</code>
+            <br><code>left &gt;= right</code>
+            <br>See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>
+          <td>
+                <code>op_lt</code>
+            <br><code>op_le</code>
+            <br><code>op_eq</code>
+            <br><code>op_ne</code>
+            <br><code>op_gt</code>
+            <br><code>op_ge</code>
+          <td>
+                <code>cpp_left &lt; cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left &lt;= cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left == cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left != cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left &gt; cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left &gt;= cpp_right </code>
 
         <tr>
           <td>
@@ -630,15 +685,16 @@ Note that "__rrpow__" is an extension not present in plain Python.
       to Python's iteration and access protocols. These protocols differ
       considerably from the ones found in C++. For example, Python's typical
       iteration idiom looks like
+
 <blockquote><pre>
 for i in S:
-</blockquote></pre>
+</pre></blockquote>
 
-while in C++ one writes
+      while in C++ one writes
 
 <blockquote><pre>
-for (iterator i = S.begin(), end = S.end(); i != end)
-</blockquote></pre>
+for (iterator i = S.begin(), end = S.end(); i != end; ++i)
+</pre></blockquote>
 
 <p>One could try to wrap C++ iterators in order to carry the C++ idiom into
       Python. However, this does not work very well because 
@@ -655,12 +711,12 @@ for (iterator i = S.begin(), end = S.end(); i != end)
 
       <p>
         It is a better idea to support the standard <a
-        href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">Python
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">Python
         sequence and mapping protocols</a> for your wrapped containers. These
         operators have to be wrapped manually because there are no corresponding
         C++ operators that could be used for automatic wrapping. The Python
         documentation lists the relevant <a href=
-        "http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">
+        "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">
         container operators</a>. In particular, expose __getitem__, __setitem__
         and remember to raise the appropriate Python exceptions
         (<code>PyExc_IndexError</code> for sequences,
@@ -689,7 +745,7 @@ void throw_key_error_if_end(
 
 // Define some simple wrapper functions which match the Python  protocol
 // for __getitem__, __setitem__, and __delitem__.  Just as in Python, a
-// free function with a &ldquo;self&rdquo; first parameter makes a fine class method.
+// free function with a ``self'' first parameter makes a fine class method.
 
 const std::string&amp; get_item(const StringMap&amp; self, std::size_t key)
 {
@@ -755,13 +811,13 @@ KeyError: 2
 <h2><a name="getter_setter">Customized Attribute Access</a></h2>
 
       <p>
-        Just like built-in Python classes, py_cpp extension classes support <a
-        href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/attribute-access.html">special
+        Just like built-in Python classes, Boost.Python extension classes support <a
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/attribute-access.html">special
         the usual attribute access methods</a> <code>__getattr__</code>,
         <code>__setattr__</code>, and <code>__delattr__</code>.
         Because writing these functions can
         be tedious in the common case where the attributes being accessed are
-        known statically, py_cpp checks the special names
+        known statically, Boost.Python checks the special names
 
       <ul>
         <li>
@@ -774,10 +830,10 @@ KeyError: 2
 
       to provide functional access to the attribute <em>&lt;name&gt;</em>. This
       facility can be used from C++ or entirely from Python. For example, the
-      following shows how we can implement a &ldquo;computed attribute&rdquo; in Python: 
+      following shows how we can implement a ``computed attribute'' in Python: 
       <blockquote>
 <pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class Range(AnyPy_cppExtensionClass):
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class Range(AnyBoost.PythonExtensionClass):
 ...    def __init__(self, start, end):
 ...        self.start = start
 ...        self.end = end
@@ -793,7 +849,7 @@ KeyError: 2
          Direct Access to Data Members
       </h4>
       <p>
-         Py_cpp uses the special <code>
+         Boost.Python uses the special <code>
         __xxxattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code> functionality described above
         to allow direct access to data members through the following special
         functions on <code>class_builder&lt;&gt;</code> and <code>
@@ -873,14 +929,14 @@ if (PyInstance_Check(r)) { ...
 </pre>
       </blockquote>
       <p>
-         Previous: <a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a> Next: <a href= 
-        "under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a> Up: <a href=
-        "index.html">Top</a>
+Next: <a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
+Previous: <a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a> 
+Up: <a href= "index.html">Top</a>
       <p>
          &copy; Copyright David Abrahams and Ullrich K&ouml;the 2000.
         Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document is
         granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies. This
-        document is provided &ldquo;as is&rdquo; without express or implied
+        document is provided ``as is'' without express or implied
         warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
       <p>
          Updated: Nov 26, 2000

doc/template.html

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      The Title Of This Page
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">The Title Of This
-        Page
-      </h1>
-      <p>
-      <p>
-         Prev: <a href="prev.html">Previous</a>
-         Next: <a href="next.html">Next</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
-        for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/under-the-hood.html

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
       "example1.html#add_world_class">add it to the module</a> it goes into the
       module's dictionary to be looked up under the name "world".
     <p>
-      Py_cpp uses C++'s template argument deduction mechanism to determine the
+      Boost.Python uses C++'s template argument deduction mechanism to determine the
       types of arguments to functions (except constructors, for which we must
       <a href="example1.html#Constructor_example">provide an argument list</a>
       because they can't be named in C++). Then, it calls the appropriate
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
       template defines a whole raft of these conversions (for <code>T, T*,
       T&amp;, std::auto_ptr&lt;T&gt;</code>, etc.), using the same inline
       friend function technique employed by <a href= 
-      "http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/operators.htm">the boost operators
+      "file:///c:/boost/site/libs/utility/operators.htm">the boost operators
       library</a>.
     <p>
       Because the <code>to_python</code> and <code>from_python</code> functions
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
       the top of your module's init function, then <code>def</code> the member
       functions later to avoid problems with inter-class dependencies.
     <p>
-      Previous: <a href="overriding.html">Function Overloading</a>
-      Next: <a href="building.html">Building a Module with Py_cpp</a>
+      Next: <a href="building.html">Building a Module with Boost.Python</a>
+      Previous: <a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
       Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
     <p>
       &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,

example/README

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+To get started with the Boost Python Library, use the examples
+getting_started1.cpp and getting_started2.cpp.
+
+Examples for providing pickle support can be found in:
+  pickle1.cpp
+  pickle2.cpp
+  pickle3.cpp
+See also: libs/python/doc/pickle.html
+
+Other advanced concepts are introduced by:
+  abstract.cpp
+  simple_vector.cpp
+  do_it_yourself_converters.cpp
+
+Examples for the cross-module support are provided by:
+  noncopyable_export.cpp
+  noncopyable_import.cpp
+  dvect.cpp
+  ivect.cpp
+See also: libs/python/doc/cross_module.html
+
+The files example1.cpp and rwgk1.cpp are obsolete. They are only
+included because the Visual Studio project in the build directory still
+refers to them.

example/abstract.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Example by Ullrich Koethe
+#include "boost/python/class_builder.hpp"
+#include <string>
+
+struct Abstract
+{
+    virtual std::string test() = 0;
+};
+
+struct Abstract_callback: Abstract
+{
+    Abstract_callback(PyObject * self)
+    : m_self(self)
+    {}
+
+    std::string test()
+    {
+      return boost::python::callback<std::string>::call_method(m_self, "test");
+    }
+
+    PyObject * m_self;
+};
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(abstract)
+{
+    boost::python::module_builder a("abstract");
+
+    boost::python::class_builder<Abstract, Abstract_callback>
+        a_class(a, "Abstract");
+    a_class.def(boost::python::constructor<>()); // wrap a constructor
+    a_class.def(&Abstract::test, "test");
+}

example/do_it_yourself_converters.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+/*
+
+   This example shows how to convert a class from and to native
+   Python objects, such as tuples.
+
+   We do not want to expose the helper class MillerIndex as an
+   Extension Class. However, in order to simplify the wrapper code,
+   we want to define from_python() and to_python() functions for
+   class MillerIndex.
+
+   Consider the alternatives:
+
+     - Expose MillerIndex as an Extension Class.
+         We need a constructor MillerIndex(python::tuple).
+         Python function calls become more complex:
+           foo(MillerIndex((1,2,3)) instead of foo((1,2,3))
+         We need a method such as MillerIndex().as_tuple().
+
+     - Define a wrapper function for each function that we
+       want to expose, e.g.:
+          void add(const IndexingSet& ixset, const python::tuple PyMIx)
+
+   The first alternative introduces a new type that the user has to
+   deal with. Other modules using Miller indices might organize them in
+   different ways, for example to increase runtime efficiency for
+   important procedures. This means, the user has to know how to
+   convert between the different kinds of Miller index representations.
+   This can quickly become a nuisance. Relying on native Python data
+   structures minimizes the number of special types the user has to
+   learn and convert. Of course, this argument is only valid for
+   small and relatively simply classes.
+
+   If there are many member functions with MillerIndex arguments, the
+   second alternative is impractical, and concentrating the conversion
+   mechanism in one central place is essential for code
+   maintainability.  An added benefit is that more convenient (smarter)
+   conversion functions can be provided without cluttering the rest of
+   the wrapper code.
+
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // The helper class.
+  //
+  class MillerIndex {
+    public:
+      int v[3];
+  };
+
+  // The main class. Imagine that there are MANY member functions
+  // like add() and get().
+  //
+  class IndexingSet {
+    private:
+      std::vector<MillerIndex> VMIx;
+    public:
+      void add(const MillerIndex& MIx) { VMIx.push_back(MIx); }
+      MillerIndex get(std::size_t i) const { return VMIx[i]; }
+  };
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+
+  // Convert a Python tuple to a MillerIndex object.
+  //
+  MillerIndex from_python(PyObject* p, python::type<const MillerIndex&>)
+  {
+    python::tuple tup
+      = python::tuple(python::ref(p, python::ref::increment_count));
+    if (tup.size() != 3) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+        "expecting exactly 3 values in tuple.");
+      throw python::error_already_set();
+    }
+    MillerIndex result;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+      result.v[i] = from_python(tup[i].get(), python::type<int>());
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Similar conversion for MillerIndex objects passed by value.
+  // Not actually used, but included to show the principle.
+  //
+  MillerIndex from_python(PyObject* p, python::type<MillerIndex>)
+  {
+    return from_python(p, python::type<const MillerIndex&>());
+  }
+
+  // Convert a MillerIndex object to a Python tuple.
+  //
+  PyObject* to_python(const MillerIndex& hkl)
+  {
+    python::tuple result(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+      result.set_item(i, python::ref(to_python(hkl.v[i])));
+    return result.reference().release();
+  }
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(do_it_yourself_converters)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("do_it_yourself_converters");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<IndexingSet> ixset_class(this_module, "IndexingSet");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    ixset_class.def(python::constructor<>());
+    // Add the member functions.
+    ixset_class.def(&IndexingSet::add, "add");
+    ixset_class.def(&IndexingSet::get, "get");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/dvect.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include "dvect.h"
+#include "ivect.h"
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace {
+
+# include "dvect_conversions.cpp"
+# include "ivect_conversions.cpp"
+
+  vects::ivect dvect_as_ivect(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    vects::ivect iv(dv.size());
+    vects::ivect::iterator iviter = iv.begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < dv.size(); i++) iviter[i] = static_cast<int>(dv[i]);
+    return iv;
+  }
+}
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(dvect)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    python::module_builder this_module("dvect");
+
+    python::class_builder<vects::dvect> dvect_class(this_module, "dvect");
+    python::export_converters(dvect_class);
+
+    python::import_converters<vects::ivect> ivect_converters("ivect", "ivect");
+
+    dvect_class.def(python::constructor<python::tuple>());
+    dvect_class.def(&vects::dvect::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+    dvect_class.def(dvect_as_ivect, "as_ivect");
+
+# include "dvect_defs.cpp"
+# include "ivect_defs.cpp"
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}
+

example/dvect.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef DVECT_H
+#define DVECT_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace vects {
+
+  struct dvect : public std::vector<double>
+  {
+    dvect() : std::vector<double>() {}
+    dvect(size_t n) : std::vector<double>(n) {}
+    dvect(boost::python::tuple tuple) : std::vector<double>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<double>::iterator v_it = begin();
+      for (int i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        v_it[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          boost::python::type<double>());
+    }
+
+    boost::python::tuple as_tuple() const
+    {
+      boost::python::tuple t(size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python((*this)[i])));
+      return t;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif // DVECT_H

example/dvect_conversions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+  // basics first: const reference converters
+  boost::python::tuple const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    return dv.as_tuple();
+  }
+
+  // to_python smart pointer conversions
+  std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect> dvect_as_auto_ptr(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    return std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect>(new vects::dvect(dv));
+  }
+  boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect> dvect_as_shared_ptr(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    return boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect>(new vects::dvect(dv));
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by value
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect> dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect> dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by const reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(const std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(const boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }

example/dvect_defs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+    this_module.def(dvect_as_auto_ptr, "dvect_as_auto_ptr");
+    this_module.def(dvect_as_shared_ptr, "dvect_as_shared_ptr");
+
+    this_module.def(const_dvect_reference_as_tuple, "const_dvect_reference_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple");

example/getting_started1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
+  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
+  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
+}
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
+// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started1)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started1");
+
+    // Add regular functions to the module.
+    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
+    this_module.def(square, "square");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/getting_started2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class hello
+  {
+    public:
+      hello(const std::string& country) { this->country = country; }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+  };
+
+  // A function taking a hello object as an argument.
+  std::string invite(const hello& w) {
+    return w.greet() + "! Please come soon!";
+  }
+}
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started2)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started2");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<hello> hello_class(this_module, "hello");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    hello_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    hello_class.def(&hello::greet, "greet");
+
+    // Add invite() as a regular function to the module.
+    this_module.def(invite, "invite");
+
+    // Even better, invite() can also be made a member of hello_class!!!
+    hello_class.def(invite, "invite");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/ivect.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include "dvect.h"
+#include "ivect.h"
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace {
+
+# include "dvect_conversions.cpp"
+# include "ivect_conversions.cpp"
+
+  vects::dvect ivect_as_dvect(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    vects::dvect dv(iv.size());
+    vects::dvect::iterator dviter = dv.begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < iv.size(); i++) dviter[i] = static_cast<double>(iv[i]);
+    return dv;
+  }
+}
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(ivect)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    python::module_builder this_module("ivect");
+
+    python::class_builder<vects::ivect> ivect_class(this_module, "ivect");
+    python::export_converters(ivect_class);
+
+    python::import_converters<vects::dvect> dvect_converters("dvect", "dvect");
+
+    ivect_class.def(python::constructor<python::tuple>());
+    ivect_class.def(&vects::ivect::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+    ivect_class.def(ivect_as_dvect, "as_dvect");
+
+# include "dvect_defs.cpp"
+# include "ivect_defs.cpp"
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}
+

example/ivect.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef IVECT_H
+#define IVECT_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace vects {
+
+  struct ivect : public std::vector<int>
+  {
+    ivect() : std::vector<int>() {}
+    ivect(size_t n) : std::vector<int>(n) {}
+    ivect(boost::python::tuple tuple) : std::vector<int>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<int>::iterator v_it = begin();
+      for (int i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        v_it[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          boost::python::type<int>());
+    }
+
+    boost::python::tuple as_tuple() const
+    {
+      boost::python::tuple t(size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python((*this)[i])));
+      return t;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif // IVECT_H

example/ivect_conversions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+  // basics first: const reference converters
+  boost::python::tuple const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    return iv.as_tuple();
+  }
+
+  // to_python smart pointer conversions
+  std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect> ivect_as_auto_ptr(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    return std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect>(new vects::ivect(iv));
+  }
+  boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect> ivect_as_shared_ptr(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    return boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect>(new vects::ivect(iv));
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by value
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect> iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect> iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by const reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(const std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(const boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }

example/ivect_defs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+    this_module.def(ivect_as_auto_ptr, "ivect_as_auto_ptr");
+    this_module.def(ivect_as_shared_ptr, "ivect_as_shared_ptr");
+
+    this_module.def(const_ivect_reference_as_tuple, "const_ivect_reference_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple");

example/noncopyable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef NONCOPYABLE_H
+#define NONCOPYABLE_H
+
+class store
+{
+  private:
+    store(const store&) { } // Disable the copy constructor.
+    int number;
+  public:
+    store(const int i) : number(i) { }
+    int recall() const { return number; }
+};
+
+#endif // NONCOPYABLE_H

example/noncopyable_export.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+#include "noncopyable.h"
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(noncopyable_export)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    python::module_builder this_module("noncopyable_export");
+
+    python::class_builder<store> store_class(this_module, "store");
+    python::export_converters_noncopyable(store_class);
+
+    store_class.def(python::constructor<int>());
+    store_class.def(&store::recall, "recall");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/noncopyable_import.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+#include "noncopyable.h"
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A function with store objects as both input and output parameters.
+  // Because the copy constructor is disabled, we cannot pass a store
+  // object by value. Instead, we pass a smart pointer.
+  std::auto_ptr<store> add_stores(const store& s1, const store& s2)
+  {
+    int sum = s1.recall() + s2.recall();
+    std::auto_ptr<store> ss = std::auto_ptr<store>(new store(sum));
+    return ss;
+  }
+}
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(noncopyable_import)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    python::module_builder this_module("noncopyable_import");
+
+    python::import_converters<store>
+      dvect_converters("noncopyable_export", "store");
+
+    // Imagine all the additional classes with member functions
+    // that have store objects as input and output parameters.
+    // Lots and lots of them.
+    // However, to keep this example simple, we only define a
+    // module-level function.
+    this_module.def(add_stores, "add_stores");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/pickle1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+/*
+    This example shows how to make an Extension Class "pickleable".
+
+    The world class below can be fully restored by passing the
+    appropriate argument to the constructor. Therefore it is sufficient
+    to define the pickle interface method __getinitargs__.
+
+    For more information refer to boost/libs/python/doc/pickle.html.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class world
+  {
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+      int secret_number;
+    public:
+      world(const std::string& country) : secret_number(0) {
+        this->country = country;
+      }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country + "!"; }
+      std::string get_country() const { return country; }
+  };
+
+  // Support for pickle.
+  python::ref world_getinitargs(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_country());
+      return result.reference();
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(pickle1)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("pickle1");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<world> world_class(this_module, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    world_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    world_class.def(&world::greet, "greet");
+
+    // Support for pickle.
+    world_class.def(world_getinitargs, "__getinitargs__");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/pickle2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+/*
+    This example shows how to make an Extension Class "pickleable".
+
+    The world class below contains member data (secret_number) that
+    cannot be restored by any of the constructors. Therefore it is
+    necessary to provide the __getstate__/__setstate__ pair of pickle
+    interface methods.
+
+    For simplicity, the __dict__ is not included in the result of
+    __getstate__. This is not generally recommended, but a valid
+    approach if it is anticipated that the object's __dict__ will
+    always be empty. Note that safety guard are provided to catch the
+    cases where this assumption is not true.
+
+    pickle3.cpp shows how to include the object's __dict__ in the
+    result of __getstate__.
+
+    For more information refer to boost/libs/python/doc/pickle.html.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class world
+  {
+    public:
+      world(const std::string& country) : secret_number(0) {
+        this->country = country;
+      }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country + "!"; }
+      std::string get_country() const { return country; }
+      void set_secret_number(int number) { secret_number = number; }
+      int get_secret_number() const { return secret_number; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+      int secret_number;
+  };
+
+  // Support for pickle.
+
+  using BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python;
+
+  python::ref world_getinitargs(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_country());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  python::ref world_getstate(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_secret_number());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  void world_setstate(world& w, python::tuple state) {
+    if (state.size() != 1) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+        "Unexpected argument in call to __setstate__.");
+      throw python::error_already_set();
+    }
+    int number = from_python(state[0].get(), python::type<int>());
+    if (number != 42)
+      w.set_secret_number(number);
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(pickle2)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("pickle2");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<world> world_class(this_module, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    world_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    world_class.def(&world::greet, "greet");
+    world_class.def(&world::get_secret_number, "get_secret_number");
+    world_class.def(&world::set_secret_number, "set_secret_number");
+
+    // Support for pickle.
+    world_class.def(world_getinitargs, "__getinitargs__");
+    world_class.def(world_getstate, "__getstate__");
+    world_class.def(world_setstate, "__setstate__");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/pickle3.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+/*
+    This example shows how to make an Extension Class "pickleable".
+
+    The world class below contains member data (secret_number) that
+    cannot be restored by any of the constructors. Therefore it is
+    necessary to provide the __getstate__/__setstate__ pair of pickle
+    interface methods.
+
+    The object's __dict__ is included in the result of __getstate__.
+    This requires more code (compare with pickle2.cpp), but is
+    unavoidable if the object's __dict__ is not always empty.
+
+    For more information refer to boost/libs/python/doc/pickle.html.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+
+  ref getattr(PyObject* o, const std::string& attr_name) {
+    return ref(PyObject_GetAttrString(o, const_cast<char*>(attr_name.c_str())));
+  }
+  ref getattr(const ref& r, const std::string& attr_name) {
+    return getattr(r.get(), attr_name);
+  }
+
+}}
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class world
+  {
+    public:
+      world(const std::string& country) : secret_number(0) {
+        this->country = country;
+      }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country + "!"; }
+      std::string get_country() const { return country; }
+      void set_secret_number(int number) { secret_number = number; }
+      int get_secret_number() const { return secret_number; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+      int secret_number;
+  };
+
+  // Support for pickle.
+  python::ref world_getinitargs(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_country());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  python::ref world_getstate(python::tuple const & args,
+                             python::dictionary const & keywords);
+
+  PyObject* world_setstate(python::tuple const & args,
+                           python::dictionary const & keywords);
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(pickle3)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("pickle3");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<world> world_class(this_module, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    world_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    world_class.def(&world::greet, "greet");
+    world_class.def(&world::get_secret_number, "get_secret_number");
+    world_class.def(&world::set_secret_number, "set_secret_number");
+
+    // Support for pickle.
+    world_class.def(world_getinitargs, "__getinitargs__");
+    world_class.def_raw(world_getstate, "__getstate__");
+    world_class.def_raw(world_setstate, "__setstate__");
+    world_class.getstate_manages_dict();
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+  using BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python;
+  using boost::python::type;
+  using boost::python::ref;
+  using boost::python::tuple;
+  using boost::python::list;
+  using boost::python::dictionary;
+  using boost::python::getattr;
+
+  ref world_getstate(tuple const & args, dictionary const & keywords)
+  {
+      if(args.size() != 1 || keywords.size() != 0) {
+          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "wrong number of arguments");
+          throw boost::python::error_already_set();
+      }
+      const world& w = from_python(args[0].get(), type<const world&>());
+      ref mydict = getattr(args[0], "__dict__");
+      tuple result(2);
+      // store the object's __dict__
+      result.set_item(0, mydict);
+      // store the internal state of the C++ object
+      result.set_item(1, w.get_secret_number());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  PyObject* world_setstate(tuple const & args, dictionary const & keywords)
+  {
+      if(args.size() != 2 || keywords.size() != 0) {
+          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "wrong number of arguments");
+          throw boost::python::error_already_set();
+      }
+      world& w = from_python(args[0].get(), type<world&>());
+      ref mydict = getattr(args[0], "__dict__");
+      tuple state = from_python(args[1].get(), type<tuple>());
+      if (state.size() != 2) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+          "Unexpected argument in call to __setstate__.");
+        throw python::error_already_set();
+      }
+      // restore the object's __dict__
+      dictionary odict = from_python(mydict.get(), type<dictionary>());
+      const dictionary& pdict = from_python(state[0].get(), type<const dictionary&>());
+      list pkeys(pdict.keys());
+      for (int i = 0; i < pkeys.size(); i++) {
+        ref k(pkeys[i]);
+        //odict[k] = pdict[k]; // XXX memory leak!
+        odict[k] = pdict.get_item(k); // this does not leak.
+      }
+      // restore the internal state of the C++ object
+      int number = from_python(state[1].get(), type<int>());
+      if (number != 42)
+        w.set_secret_number(number);
+      return python::detail::none();
+  }
+}

example/richcmp1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve & Nicholas K. Sauter
+// This example shows how to use rich comparisons for a vector type.
+// It also shows how to template the entire wrapping of a std::vector.
+// See vector_wrapper.h.
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+#include "vector_wrapper.h"
+
+namespace vects {
+
+  struct dvect : public std::vector<double>
+  {
+    dvect() : std::vector<double>() {}
+    dvect(size_t n) : std::vector<double>(n) {}
+    dvect(boost::python::tuple tuple) : std::vector<double>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<double>::iterator v_it = begin();
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        v_it[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          boost::python::type<double>());
+    }
+
+    boost::python::tuple as_tuple() const
+    {
+      boost::python::tuple t(size());
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++)
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python((*this)[i])));
+      return t;
+    }
+
+#   define DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(oper) \
+    friend std::vector<bool> \
+    operator##oper(const dvect& lhs, const dvect& rhs) \
+    { \
+      if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) { \
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "vectors have different sizes"); \
+        throw boost::python::error_already_set(); \
+      } \
+      std::vector<bool> result(lhs.size()); \
+      for (std::size_t i=0; i<lhs.size(); i++) { \
+        result[i] = (lhs[i] ##oper rhs[i]); \
+      } \
+      return result; \
+    }
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(<)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(<=)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(==)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(!=)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(>)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(>=)
+#   undef VECTOR_BINARY_OPERATORS
+  };
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+
+namespace {
+
+  void init_module(boost::python::module_builder& this_module)
+  {
+    (void) example::wrap_vector(this_module, "vector_of_bool", bool());
+
+    boost::python::class_builder<vects::dvect> py_dvect(this_module, "dvect");
+
+    py_dvect.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    py_dvect.def(&vects::dvect::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+
+    const long
+    comp_operators = (  boost::python::op_lt | boost::python::op_le
+                      | boost::python::op_eq | boost::python::op_ne
+                      | boost::python::op_gt | boost::python::op_ge);
+    py_dvect.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>());
+  }
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(richcmp1)
+{
+  try {
+    boost::python::module_builder this_module("richcmp1");
+    // The actual work is done in a separate function in order
+    // to suppress a bogus VC60 warning.
+    init_module(this_module);
+  }
+  catch (...) { boost::python::handle_exception(); }
+}

example/richcmp2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// This example shows how to use rich comparisons for a type that
+// does not support all six operators (<, <=, ==, !=, >, >=).
+// To keep the example simple, we are using a "code" type does
+// not really require rich comparisons. __cmp__ would be sufficient.
+// However, with a more complicated type the main point of this
+// example would be in danger of getting lost.
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+
+  // suppose operator< and operator> are not meaningful for code
+  class code {
+    public:
+      code(int c = 0) : m_code(c) {}
+      inline friend bool operator==(const code& lhs, const code& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_code == rhs.m_code;
+      }
+      inline friend bool operator!=(const code& lhs, const code& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_code != rhs.m_code;
+      }
+    private:
+      int m_code;
+  };
+
+#if PYTHON_API_VERSION >= 1010
+  boost::python::ref
+  NotImplemented(const code&, const code&) {
+    return
+    boost::python::ref(Py_NotImplemented, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+  void init_module(boost::python::module_builder& this_module)
+  {
+    boost::python::class_builder<code> py_code(this_module, "code");
+
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor<>());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor<int>());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::operators<(  boost::python::op_eq
+                                          | boost::python::op_ne)>());
+#if PYTHON_API_VERSION >= 1010
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__lt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__le__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__gt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__ge__");
+#endif
+  }
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(richcmp2)
+{
+  try {
+    boost::python::module_builder this_module("richcmp2");
+    // The actual work is done in a separate function in order
+    // to suppress a bogus VC60 warning.
+    init_module(this_module);
+  }
+  catch (...) { boost::python::handle_exception(); }
+}

example/richcmp3.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve & Nicholas K. Sauter.
+// Comprehensive operator overloading for two vector types and scalars.
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+#include "vector_wrapper.h"
+#include "dvect.h"
+#include "ivect.h"
+
+#define VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, oper, vect_type2) \
+namespace vects { \
+  result_type \
+  operator##oper (const vect_type1& lhs, const vect_type2& rhs) { \
+    if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) { \
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "vectors have different sizes"); \
+      throw boost::python::error_already_set(); \
+    } \
+    result_type result(lhs.size()); \
+    for (std::size_t i=0; i<lhs.size(); i++) { \
+      result[i] = (lhs[i] ##oper rhs[i]); \
+    } \
+    return result; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, oper, scalar_type) \
+namespace vects { \
+  result_type \
+  operator##oper (const vect_type& lhs, const scalar_type& rhs) { \
+    result_type result(lhs.size()); \
+    for (std::size_t i=0; i<lhs.size(); i++) { \
+      result[i] = (lhs[i] ##oper rhs ); \
+    } \
+    return result; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, oper, vect_type) \
+namespace vects { \
+  result_type \
+  operator##oper (const scalar_type& lhs, const vect_type& rhs) { \
+    result_type result(rhs.size()); \
+    for (std::size_t i=0; i<rhs.size(); i++) { \
+      result[i] = (lhs ##oper rhs[i]); \
+    } \
+    return result; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, +, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, -, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, *, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, /, vect_type2)
+
+#define COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(vect_type1, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, <,  vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, <=, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, ==, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, !=, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, >,  vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, >=, vect_type2)
+
+#define MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, +, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, -, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, *, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, /, scalar_type)
+
+#define COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(vect_type, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, <,  scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, <=, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, ==, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, !=, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, >,  scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, >=, scalar_type)
+
+#define MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, +, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, -, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, *, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, /, vect_type)
+
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, dvect, dvect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       dvect, dvect)
+MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(dvect, dvect, double)
+COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(       dvect, double)
+MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, double, dvect)
+// comparison operators not needed since Python uses reflection
+
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(ivect, ivect, ivect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       ivect, ivect)
+MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(ivect, ivect, int)
+COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(       ivect, int)
+MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(ivect, int, ivect)
+// comparison operators not needed since Python uses reflection
+
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, dvect, ivect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       dvect, ivect)
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, ivect, dvect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       ivect, dvect)
+
+#undef VECT_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS
+#undef MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS
+#undef COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS
+#undef MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS
+
+namespace {
+
+  void init_module(boost::python::module_builder& this_module)
+  {
+    (void) example::wrap_vector(this_module, "vector_of_bool", bool());
+
+    const long
+    math_operators (  boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_add
+                    | boost::python::op_div | boost::python::op_sub);
+    const long
+    comp_operators = (  boost::python::op_lt | boost::python::op_le
+                      | boost::python::op_eq | boost::python::op_ne
+                      | boost::python::op_gt | boost::python::op_ge);
+
+    boost::python::class_builder<vects::dvect>
+      dvect_class(this_module, "dvect");
+    boost::python::class_builder<vects::ivect>
+      ivect_class(this_module, "ivect");
+
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    dvect_class.def(&vects::dvect::as_tuple,"as_tuple");
+
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>());
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<double>() );
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::left_operand<double>() );
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::ivect>() );
+
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>());
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<double>() );
+    // left_operand not needed since Python uses reflection
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::ivect>() );
+
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    ivect_class.def(&vects::ivect::as_tuple,"as_tuple");
+
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>());
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<int>() );
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::left_operand<int>() );
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::dvect>() );
+
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>());
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<int>() );
+    // left_operand not needed since Python uses reflection
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::dvect>() );
+  }
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(richcmp3)
+{
+  try {
+    boost::python::module_builder this_module("richcmp3");
+    // The actual work is done in a separate function in order
+    // to suppress a bogus VC60 warning.
+    init_module(this_module);
+  }
+  catch (...) { boost::python::handle_exception(); }
+}

example/rwgk1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <string>
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
+  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
+  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
+}
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
+// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
+extern "C"
+#ifdef _WIN32
+__declspec(dllexport)
+#endif
+void initrwgk1()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("rwgk1");
+
+    // Add regular functions to the module.
+    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
+    this_module.def(square, "square");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}
+
+// Win32 DLL boilerplate
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID) { return 1; }
+#endif // _WIN32

example/simple_vector.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A wrapper is used to define additional constructors.
+  //
+  struct vector_double_wrapper: std::vector<double>
+  {
+    // Tell the compiler how to convert a base class object to
+    // this wrapper object.
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject*, const std::vector<double>& vd)
+      : std::vector<double>(vd) {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self)
+      : std::vector<double>() {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self, int n)
+      : std::vector<double>(n) {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self, python::tuple tuple)
+      : std::vector<double>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<double>::iterator vd = begin();
+      for (int i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        vd[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          python::type<double>());
+    }
+  };
+
+  void raise_vector_IndexError() {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "vector index out of range");
+    throw python::error_already_set();
+  }
+
+  double getitem(const std::vector<double>& vd, std::size_t key) {
+    if (key >= vd.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+    return vd[key];
+  }
+
+  void setitem(std::vector<double>& vd, std::size_t key, double d) {
+    if (key >= vd.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    vditer[key] = d;
+  }
+
+  void delitem(std::vector<double>& vd, std::size_t key) {
+    if (key >= vd.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    vd.erase(vditer + key);
+  }
+
+  // Convert vector_double to a regular Python tuple.
+  //
+  python::tuple as_tuple(const std::vector<double>& vd)
+  {
+    python::tuple t(vd.size());
+    for (int i = 0; i < vd.size(); i++) t.set_item(i,
+      python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(vd[i])));
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  // Function returning a vector_double object to Python.
+  //
+  std::vector<double> foo(int n)
+  {
+    std::vector<double> vd(n);
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) vditer[i] = double(i);
+    return vd;
+  }
+
+  // Same as foo(), but avoid copying on return.
+  //
+  std::auto_ptr<std::vector<double> > bar(int n)
+  {
+    std::auto_ptr<std::vector<double> > vdptr(new std::vector<double>(n));
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vdptr->begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) vditer[i] = double(10 * i);
+    return vdptr;
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(simple_vector)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    python::module_builder this_module("simple_vector");
+
+    python::class_builder<std::vector<double>, vector_double_wrapper>
+      vector_double(this_module, "vector_double");
+
+    vector_double.def(python::constructor<>());
+    vector_double.def(python::constructor<const int>());
+    vector_double.def(python::constructor<python::tuple>());
+    vector_double.def(&std::vector<double>::size, "__len__");
+    vector_double.def(getitem, "__getitem__");
+    vector_double.def(setitem, "__setitem__");
+    vector_double.def(delitem, "__delitem__");
+    vector_double.def(as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(foo, "foo");
+    this_module.def(bar, "bar");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}

example/test_abstract.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Example by Ullrich Koethe
+r'''>>> from abstract import *
+    >>> class A(Abstract):
+    ...     def __init__(self, text):
+    ...             Abstract.__init__(self)  # call the base class constructor
+    ...             self.text = text
+    ...     def test(self):                  # implement abstract function
+    ...             return self.text
+    ...
+    >>> a = A("Hello")
+    >>> a.test()
+    'Hello'
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_abstract
+    return doctest.testmod(test_abstract)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_cross_module.py

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+r'''>>> import tst_noncopyable
+    >>> tst_noncopyable.f()
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    >>> import tst_dvect1
+    >>> tst_dvect1.f()
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    >>> import tst_ivect1
+    >>> tst_ivect1.f()
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    >>> import sys
+    >>> if ("--broken-auto-ptr" in sys.argv):
+    ...   broken_auto_ptr = 1
+    ... else:
+    ...   broken_auto_ptr = 0
+    >>> import tst_dvect2
+    >>> tst_dvect2.f(broken_auto_ptr)
+    1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    >>> import tst_ivect2
+    >>> tst_ivect2.f(broken_auto_ptr)
+    1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_cross_module
+    return doctest.testmod(test_cross_module)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_do_it_yourself_converters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+r'''>>> import do_it_yourself_converters
+    >>> ixset = do_it_yourself_converters.IndexingSet()
+    >>> ixset.add((1,2,3))
+    >>> ixset.add((4,5,6))
+    >>> ixset.add((7,8,9))
+    >>> print ixset.get(0)
+    (1, 2, 3)
+    >>> print ixset.get(1)
+    (4, 5, 6)
+    >>> print ixset.get(2)
+    (7, 8, 9)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_do_it_yourself_converters
+    return doctest.testmod(test_do_it_yourself_converters)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_example1.py

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ def run(args = None):
         import sys
         sys.argv = args
     import doctest, test_example1
-    doctest.testmod(test_example1)
+    return doctest.testmod(test_example1)
     
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    run()
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_getting_started1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+r'''>>> import getting_started1
+    >>> print getting_started1.greet()
+    hello, world
+    >>> number = 11
+    >>> print number, '*', number, '=', getting_started1.square(number)
+    11 * 11 = 121
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_getting_started1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_getting_started1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_getting_started2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+r'''>>> from getting_started2 import *
+    >>> hi = hello('California')
+    >>> hi.greet()
+    'Hello from California'
+    >>> invite(hi)
+    'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+    >>> hi.invite()
+    'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+
+    >>> class wordy(hello):
+    ...     def greet(self):
+    ...         return hello.greet(self) + ', where the weather is fine'
+    ...
+    >>> hi2 = wordy('Florida')
+    >>> hi2.greet()
+    'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine'
+    >>> invite(hi2)
+    'Hello from Florida! Please come soon!'
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_getting_started2
+    return doctest.testmod(test_getting_started2)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_pickle1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+r'''>>> import pickle1
+    >>> import re
+    >>> import pickle
+    >>> pickle1.world.__module__
+    'pickle1'
+    >>> pickle1.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
+    1
+    >>> pickle1.world.__reduce__()
+    'world'
+    >>> assert re.match(
+    ... "\(<extension class pickle1.world at [0-9a-fA-FxX]+>, \('Hello',\)\)",
+    ... repr(pickle1.world('Hello').__reduce__()))
+    >>>
+    >>> wd = pickle1.world('California')
+    >>> pstr = pickle.dumps(wd)
+    >>> wl = pickle.loads(pstr)
+    >>> print wd.greet()
+    Hello from California!
+    >>> print wl.greet()
+    Hello from California!
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_pickle1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_pickle1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_pickle2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+r'''>>> import pickle2
+    >>> import re
+    >>> import pickle
+    >>> pickle2.world.__module__
+    'pickle2'
+    >>> pickle2.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
+    1
+    >>> pickle2.world.__reduce__()
+    'world'
+    >>> assert re.match(
+    ... "\(<extension class pickle2.world at [0-9a-fA-FxX]+>, \('Hello',\), \(0,\)\)",
+    ... repr(pickle2.world('Hello').__reduce__()))
+    >>>
+    >>> for number in (24, 42):
+    ...   wd = pickle2.world('California')
+    ...   wd.set_secret_number(number)
+    ...   pstr = pickle.dumps(wd)
+    ...   wl = pickle.loads(pstr)
+    ...   print wd.greet(), wd.get_secret_number()
+    ...   print wl.greet(), wl.get_secret_number()
+    Hello from California! 24
+    Hello from California! 24
+    Hello from California! 42
+    Hello from California! 0
+
+# Now show that the __dict__ is not taken care of.
+    >>> wd = pickle2.world('California')
+    >>> wd.x = 1
+    >>> wd.__dict__
+    {'x': 1}
+    >>> try: pstr = pickle.dumps(wd)
+    ... except RuntimeError, err: print err[0]
+    ...
+    Incomplete pickle support (__getstate_manages_dict__ not set)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_pickle2
+    return doctest.testmod(test_pickle2)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_pickle3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+r'''>>> import pickle3
+    >>> import re
+    >>> import pickle
+    >>> pickle3.world.__module__
+    'pickle3'
+    >>> pickle3.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
+    1
+    >>> pickle3.world.__reduce__()
+    'world'
+    >>> assert re.match(
+    ... "\(<extension class pickle3.world at [0-9a-fA-FxX]+>, \('Hello',\), \(\{\}, 0\)\)",
+    ... repr(pickle3.world('Hello').__reduce__()))
+    >>>
+    >>> for number in (24, 42):
+    ...   wd = pickle3.world('California')
+    ...   wd.set_secret_number(number)
+    ...   wd.x = 2 * number
+    ...   wd.y = 'y' * number
+    ...   wd.z = 3. * number
+    ...   pstr = pickle.dumps(wd)
+    ...   wl = pickle.loads(pstr)
+    ...   print wd.greet(), wd.get_secret_number(), wd.x, wd.y, wd.z
+    ...   print wl.greet(), wl.get_secret_number(), wl.x, wl.y, wl.z
+    Hello from California! 24 48 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 72.0
+    Hello from California! 24 48 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 72.0
+    Hello from California! 42 84 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 126.0
+    Hello from California! 0 84 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy 126.0
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_pickle3
+    return doctest.testmod(test_pickle3)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_richcmp1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+r'''>>> import richcmp1
+    >>> d1 = richcmp1.dvect((0, 1, 3, 3, 6, 7))
+    >>> d2 = richcmp1.dvect((1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6))
+    >>> print d1.as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 6.0, 7.0)
+    >>> print d2.as_tuple()
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0)
+    >>> print (d1 < d2).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (d1 <= d2).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (d1 == d2).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (d1 != d2).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (d1 > d2).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (d1 >= d2).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> try: d1 == richcmp1.dvect((1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
+    ... except ValueError, e: print str(e)
+    ...
+    vectors have different sizes
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_richcmp1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_richcmp1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if (    hasattr(sys, 'version_info')
+        and (   (sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] >= 1)
+             or sys.version_info[0] > 2)):
+      sys.exit(run()[0])
+    else:
+      print "Python version 2.1 or higher required. Test skipped."

example/test_richcmp2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+r'''>>> import richcmp2
+    >>> c1 = richcmp2.code(1)
+    >>> c2 = richcmp2.code(2)
+    >>> c3 = richcmp2.code(2)
+    >>> print c1 == c2
+    0
+    >>> print c1 != c2
+    1
+    >>> print c2 == c3
+    1
+    >>> print c2 != c3
+    0
+    >>> print c1 < c2
+    1
+    >>> print c1 <= c2
+    1
+    >>> print c1 == c2
+    0
+    >>> print c1 != c2
+    1
+    >>> print c1 > c2
+    0
+    >>> print c1 >= c2
+    0
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_richcmp1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_richcmp1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if (    hasattr(sys, 'version_info')
+        and (   (sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] >= 1)
+             or sys.version_info[0] > 2)):
+      sys.exit(run()[0])
+    else:
+      print "Python version 2.1 or higher required. Test skipped."

example/test_richcmp3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+r'''>>> import richcmp3
+    >>>
+    >>> iv = richcmp3.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+    >>> print iv.as_tuple()
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    >>> dv = richcmp3.dvect((2,-2,3,8,-5))
+    >>> print dv.as_tuple()
+    (2.0, -2.0, 3.0, 8.0, -5.0)
+    >>>
+    >>> print (iv+dv).as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 0.0, 6.0, 12.0, 0.0)
+    >>> print (iv+3).as_tuple()
+    (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+    >>> print (3+iv).as_tuple()
+    (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+    >>>
+    >>> print "vect vs. vect Comparisons:"
+    vect vs. vect Comparisons:
+    >>> print (iv < dv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 0, 0, 1, 0)
+    >>> print (iv <= dv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 0, 1, 1, 0)
+    >>> print (iv == dv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv != dv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (iv > dv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+    >>> print (iv >= dv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 1, 1, 0, 1)
+    >>>
+    >>> print "vect vs. scalar Comparisons:"
+    vect vs. scalar Comparisons:
+    >>> print (iv < 3).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv <= 3).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv == 3).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv != 3).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (iv > 3).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (iv >= 3).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 1, 1)
+    >>>
+    >>> print "scalar  vs. vect Comparisons:"
+    scalar  vs. vect Comparisons:
+    >>> print (3 < iv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (3 <= iv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (3 == iv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (3 != iv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (3 > iv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (3 >= iv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 1, 0, 0)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_richcmp3
+    return doctest.testmod(test_richcmp3)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if (    hasattr(sys, 'version_info')
+        and (   (sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] >= 1)
+             or sys.version_info[0] > 2)):
+      sys.exit(run()[0])
+    else:
+      print "Python version 2.1 or higher required. Test skipped."

example/test_rwgk1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+r'''>>> import rwgk1
+    >>> print rwgk1.greet()
+    hello, world
+    >>> number = 11
+    >>> print number, '*', number, '=', rwgk1.square(number)
+    11 * 11 = 121
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_rwgk1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_rwgk1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_simple_vector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+r'''>>> import simple_vector
+    >>> v=simple_vector.vector_double()
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    ()
+    >>> v=simple_vector.vector_double(5)
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+    >>> print len(v)
+    5
+    >>> v=simple_vector.vector_double((3,4,5))
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    >>> print v[1]
+    4.0
+    >>> v[1] = 40
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 40.0, 5.0)
+    >>> for e in v:
+    ...   print e
+    3.0
+    40.0
+    5.0
+    >>> del v[1]
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 5.0)
+    >>> print simple_vector.foo(11).as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0)
+    >>> print simple_vector.bar(12).as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0, 100.0, 110.0)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_simple_vector
+    return doctest.testmod(test_simple_vector)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/tst_dvect1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+def f():
+  import dvect
+  dv = dvect.dvect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  print dv.as_tuple()
+  iv = dv.as_ivect()
+  print iv.as_tuple()
+  print dvect.const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(iv)
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print dvect.const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(aiv)
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print dvect.const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(siv)
+  print aiv.as_tuple()
+  print siv.as_tuple()
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  n = 1
+  if (len(sys.argv) > 1): n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f()

example/tst_dvect2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+def f(broken_auto_ptr):
+  import dvect
+  import ivect
+  #
+  dv = dvect.dvect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  iv = dv.as_ivect()
+  #
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print ivect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  adv = dvect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print ivect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  sdv = dvect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  adv = dvect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  sdv = dvect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  adv = dvect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  sdv = dvect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  broken_auto_ptr = 0
+  n = 1
+  
+  if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+      argv = []
+      
+      for x in sys.argv:
+        if x != '--broken-auto-ptr':
+          argv.append(x)
+      broken_auto_ptr = argv != sys.argv
+      sys.argv = argv
+
+      if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+        
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f(broken_auto_ptr)

example/tst_ivect1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+def f():
+  import ivect
+  iv = ivect.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  print iv.as_tuple()
+  dv = iv.as_dvect()
+  print dv.as_tuple()
+  print ivect.const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(dv)
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print ivect.const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(adv)
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print ivect.const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print adv.as_tuple()
+  print sdv.as_tuple()
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  n = 1
+  if (len(sys.argv) > 1): n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f()

example/tst_ivect2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+def f(broken_auto_ptr):
+  import ivect
+  import dvect
+  #
+  iv = ivect.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  dv = iv.as_dvect()
+  #
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print dvect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  aiv = ivect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print dvect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  siv = ivect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  aiv = ivect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  siv = ivect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  aiv = ivect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  siv = ivect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  broken_auto_ptr = 0
+  n = 1
+
+  if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+      argv = []
+      
+      for x in sys.argv:
+        if x != '--broken-auto-ptr':
+          argv.append(x)
+      broken_auto_ptr = argv != sys.argv
+      sys.argv = argv
+
+      if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+        
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f(broken_auto_ptr)

example/tst_noncopyable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+def f():
+  import noncopyable_export
+  import noncopyable_import
+  s1 = noncopyable_export.store(1)
+  print s1.recall()
+  s2 = noncopyable_export.store(2)
+  print s2.recall()
+  s3 = noncopyable_import.add_stores(s1, s2)
+  print s3.recall()
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  n = 1
+  if (len(sys.argv) > 1): n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f()

example/vector_wrapper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Based on wrapVector.hh by Mike Owen and Jeff Johnson.
+// http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/spheral/src/src/BPLWraps/CXXWraps/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_PYTHON_EXAMPLE_VECTOR_WRAPPER_H
+#define BOOST_PYTHON_EXAMPLE_VECTOR_WRAPPER_H
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace example {
+
+  // A wrapper is used to define additional constructors. This wrapper
+  // is templated on the template parameter for its corresponding vector.
+  template <typename T>
+  struct vector_wrapper: std::vector<T>
+  {
+    // Tell the compiler how to convert a base class object to
+    // this wrapper object.
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject*,
+                  const std::vector<T>& vec):
+      std::vector<T>(vec) {}
+
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject* self):
+      std::vector<T>() {}
+
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject* self,
+                   std::size_t n):
+      std::vector<T>(n) {}
+
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject* self,
+                   boost::python::tuple tuple):
+      std::vector<T>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<T>::iterator vec = begin();
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        vec[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+                                            boost::python::type<T>());
+    }
+  };
+
+  void raise_vector_IndexError() {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "vector index out of range");
+    throw boost::python::error_already_set();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  struct vector_access
+  {
+    static
+    T
+    getitem(const std::vector<T>& vec,
+            std::size_t key)
+    {
+      if (key >= vec.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+      return vec[key];
+    }
+
+    static
+    void
+    setitem(std::vector<T>& vec,
+            std::size_t key,
+            const T &value)
+    {
+      if (key >= vec.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+      vec[key] = value;
+    }
+
+    static
+    void
+    delitem(std::vector<T>& vec,
+            std::size_t key)
+    {
+      if (key >= vec.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+      vec.erase(vec.begin() + key);
+    }
+
+    // Convert vector<T> to a regular Python tuple.
+    static
+    boost::python::tuple
+    as_tuple(const std::vector<T>& vec)
+    {
+      // Create a python type of size vec.size().
+      boost::python::tuple t(vec.size());
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(vec[i])));
+      }
+      return t;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // This function will build a vector<T> and add it to the given
+  // module with the given name.
+  template <typename T>
+  boost::python::class_builder<std::vector<T>, vector_wrapper<T> >
+  wrap_vector(boost::python::module_builder& module,
+              const std::string& vector_name,
+              const T&)
+  {
+    // Add the vector<T> to the module.
+    boost::python::class_builder<std::vector<T>, vector_wrapper<T> >
+    py_vector(module, vector_name.c_str());
+
+    // Define constructors and methods for the vector<T>.
+    py_vector.def(boost::python::constructor<>());
+    py_vector.def(boost::python::constructor<std::size_t>());
+    py_vector.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    py_vector.def(&std::vector<T>::size, "__len__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::getitem, "__getitem__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::setitem, "__setitem__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::delitem, "__delitem__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+
+    return py_vector;
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // BOOST_PYTHON_EXAMPLE_VECTOR_WRAPPER_H

include/boost/python/class_builder.hpp

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Revision History:
+// Mar 03 01  added: pickle safety measures (Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+
 #ifndef CLASS_WRAPPER_DWA101000_H_
 # define CLASS_WRAPPER_DWA101000_H_
 
@@ -24,11 +27,18 @@ class class_builder
     
     ~class_builder()
     {}
+
+    inline void dict_defines_state() {
+      add(ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(1)), "__dict_defines_state__");
+    }
+    inline void getstate_manages_dict() {
+      add(ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(1)), "__getstate_manages_dict__");
+    }
     
     // define constructors
     template <class signature>
-    void def(const signature& signature)
-        { m_class->def(signature); }
+    void def(const signature& s)
+        { m_class->def(s); }
 
     // export heterogeneous reverse-argument operators 
     // (type of lhs: 'left', of rhs: 'right')

include/boost/python/classes.hpp

@@ -70,6 +70,14 @@ class instance
     PyObject* oct();
     PyObject* hex();
 
+    // Rich comparisons
+    PyObject* lt(PyObject* other);
+    PyObject* le(PyObject* other);
+    PyObject* eq(PyObject* other);
+    PyObject* ne(PyObject* other);
+    PyObject* gt(PyObject* other);
+    PyObject* ge(PyObject* other);
+
  private: // noncopyable, without the size bloat
     instance(const instance&);
     void operator=(const instance&);
@@ -169,6 +177,14 @@ class class_t
     PyObject* instance_number_float(PyObject*) const;
     PyObject* instance_number_oct(PyObject*) const;
     PyObject* instance_number_hex(PyObject*) const;
+
+ private: // Implement rich comparisons
+    PyObject* instance_lt(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    PyObject* instance_le(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    PyObject* instance_eq(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    PyObject* instance_ne(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    PyObject* instance_gt(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    PyObject* instance_ge(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
     
  private: // Miscellaneous "special" methods
     PyObject* instance_call(PyObject* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
@@ -477,6 +493,42 @@ PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_hex(PyObject* obj) const
     return downcast<T>(obj)->hex();
 }
 
+template <class T>
+PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_lt(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
+{
+    return downcast<T>(obj)->lt(other);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_le(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
+{
+    return downcast<T>(obj)->le(other);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_eq(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
+{
+    return downcast<T>(obj)->eq(other);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_ne(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
+{
+    return downcast<T>(obj)->ne(other);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_gt(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
+{
+    return downcast<T>(obj)->gt(other);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_ge(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
+{
+    return downcast<T>(obj)->ge(other);
+}
+
 namespace detail {
   inline dictionary& class_base::dict()
   {

include/boost/python/conversions.hpp

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@
 //
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
+//
+// Revision History:
+// 04 Mar 01  Fixed std::complex<> stuff to work with MSVC (David Abrahams)
+// 03 Mar 01  added: converters for [plain] char and std::complex
+//            (Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
 
 #ifndef METHOD_DWA122899_H_
 # define METHOD_DWA122899_H_
@@ -17,6 +22,17 @@
 # include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
 # include <string>
 
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable:4275) // disable a bogus warning caused by <complex>
+# endif
+
+# include <complex>
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+# endif
+
 BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
 
 // This can be instantiated on an enum to provide the to_python/from_python
@@ -70,6 +86,30 @@ inline void xdecref(T* p)
 	xdecref_impl(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(p_base));
 }
 
+namespace detail {
+
+  void expect_complex(PyObject*);
+
+  template <class T>
+  std::complex<T> complex_from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T>)
+  {
+      expect_complex(p);
+
+      return std::complex<T>(
+        static_cast<T>(PyComplex_RealAsDouble(p)),
+        static_cast<T>(PyComplex_ImagAsDouble(p)));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  PyObject* complex_to_python(const std::complex<T>& sc) {
+      Py_complex pcc;
+      pcc.real = sc.real();
+      pcc.imag = sc.imag();
+      return PyComplex_FromCComplex(pcc);
+  }
+
+}
+
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
 BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
@@ -100,6 +140,10 @@ PyObject* to_python(unsigned short);
 unsigned short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned short>);
 unsigned short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const unsigned short&>);
 
+PyObject* to_python(char);
+char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<char>);
+char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const char&>);
+
 PyObject* to_python(signed char);
 signed char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<signed char>);
 signed char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const signed char&>);
@@ -130,6 +174,36 @@ PyObject* to_python(const std::string& s);
 std::string from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<std::string>);
 std::string from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const std::string&>);
 
+inline PyObject* to_python(const std::complex<float>& x)
+{
+    return boost::python::detail::complex_to_python<float>(x);
+}
+
+inline PyObject* to_python(const std::complex<double>& x)
+{
+    return boost::python::detail::complex_to_python<double>(x);
+}
+
+inline std::complex<double> from_python(PyObject* p,
+                                   boost::python::type<std::complex<double> >) {
+    return boost::python::detail::complex_from_python(p, boost::python::type<double>());
+}
+
+inline std::complex<double> from_python(PyObject* p,
+                                   boost::python::type<const std::complex<double>&>) {
+    return boost::python::detail::complex_from_python(p, boost::python::type<double>());
+}
+
+inline std::complex<float> from_python(PyObject* p,
+                                   boost::python::type<std::complex<float> >) {
+    return boost::python::detail::complex_from_python(p, boost::python::type<float>());
+}
+
+inline std::complex<float> from_python(PyObject* p,
+                                   boost::python::type<const std::complex<float>&>) {
+    return boost::python::detail::complex_from_python(p, boost::python::type<float>());
+}
+
 // For when your C++ function really wants to pass/return a PyObject*
 PyObject* to_python(PyObject*);
 PyObject* from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<PyObject*>);
@@ -304,6 +378,11 @@ inline unsigned short from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const unsigne
     return from_python(p, boost::python::type<unsigned short>());
 }
 
+inline char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const char&>)
+{
+    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<char>());
+}
+
 inline signed char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const signed char&>)
 {
     return from_python(p, boost::python::type<signed char>());

include/boost/python/cross_module.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+/* (C) Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001. Permission to copy, use,
+   modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+   copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+   "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
+   its suitability for any purpose.
+
+   Revision History:
+     17 Apr 01 merged into boost CVS trunk (Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+*/
+
+/* Implementation of Boost.Python cross-module support.
+   See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for details.
+*/
+
+#ifndef CROSS_MODULE_HPP
+# define CROSS_MODULE_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+    struct import_error : error_already_set {};
+    struct export_error : error_already_set {};
+}}
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
+
+// Concept: throw exception if api_major is changed
+//          show warning on stderr if api_minor is changed
+const int export_converters_api_major = 4;
+const int export_converters_api_minor = 1;
+extern const char* converters_attribute_name;
+void* import_converter_object(const std::string& module_name,
+                              const std::string& py_class_name,
+                              const std::string& attribute_name);
+void check_export_converters_api(const int importing_major,
+                                 const int importing_minor,
+                                 const int imported_major,
+                                 const int imported_minor);
+
+}}}
+
+// forward declaration
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
+template <class T> class import_extension_class;
+}}}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+
+/* This class template is instantiated by import_converters<T>.
+   This class is a look-alike of class python_extension_class_converters.
+   The converters in this class are wrappers that call converters
+   imported from another module.
+   To ensure that the dynamic loader resolves all symbols in the
+   intended way, the signature of all friend functions is changed with
+   respect to the original functions in class
+   python_extension_class_converters by adding an arbitrary additional
+   parameter with a default value, in this case "bool sig = false".
+   See also: comments for class export_converter_object_base below.
+ */
+template <class T>
+class python_import_extension_class_converters
+{
+ public:
+
+    friend python_import_extension_class_converters py_extension_class_converters(boost::python::type<T>, bool sig = false) {
+        return python_import_extension_class_converters();
+    }
+
+    PyObject* to_python(const T& x) const {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->to_python(x);
+    }
+
+    friend T* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T*> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_Ts(p, t);
+    }
+    friend const T* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_cTs(p, t);
+    }
+    friend const T* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*const&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_cTscr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend T* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T* const&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_Tscr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_Tr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend const T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_cTr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend const T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_T(p, t);
+    }
+
+    friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T>&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_aTr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend std::auto_ptr<T> from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> > t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_aT(p, t);
+    }
+    friend const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::auto_ptr<T>&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_caTr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> x, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->to_python(x);
+    }
+
+    friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T>&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_sTr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> > t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_sT(p, t);
+    }
+    friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::shared_ptr<T>&> t, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->from_python_csTr(p, t);
+    }
+    friend PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> x, bool sig = false) {
+        return boost::python::detail::import_extension_class<T>::get_converters()->to_python(x);
+    }
+};
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_IMPORT_CONVERSION(python_import_extension_class_converters);
+
+/* This class template is instantiated by export_converters().
+   A pointer to this class is exported/imported via the Python API.
+   Using the Python API ensures maximum portability.
+   All member functions are virtual. This is, what we export/import
+   is essentially just a pointer to a vtbl.
+   To work around a deficiency of Visual C++ 6.0, the name of each
+   from_python() member functions is made unique by appending a few
+   characters (derived in a ad-hoc manner from the corresponding type).
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct export_converter_object_base
+{
+    virtual int get_api_major() const { return detail::export_converters_api_major; }
+    virtual int get_api_minor() const { return detail::export_converters_api_minor; }
+
+    virtual PyObject* to_python(const T& x) = 0;
+
+    virtual T* from_python_Ts(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T*> t) = 0;
+    virtual const T* from_python_cTs(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*> t) = 0;
+    virtual const T* from_python_cTscr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*const&> t) = 0;
+    virtual T* from_python_Tscr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T* const&> t) = 0;
+    virtual T& from_python_Tr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T&> t) = 0;
+    virtual const T& from_python_cTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T&> t) = 0;
+    virtual const T& from_python_T(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T> t) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python_aTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T>&> t) = 0;
+    virtual std::auto_ptr<T> from_python_aT(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> > t) = 0;
+    virtual const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python_caTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::auto_ptr<T>&> t) = 0;
+    virtual PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> x) = 0;
+
+    virtual boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python_sTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T>&> t) = 0;
+    virtual const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python_sT(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> > t) = 0;
+    virtual const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python_csTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::shared_ptr<T>&> t) = 0;
+    virtual PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> x) = 0;
+};
+
+// Converters to be used if T is not copyable.
+template <class T>
+struct export_converter_object_noncopyable : export_converter_object_base<T>
+{
+    virtual PyObject* to_python(const T& x) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+          "to_python(const T&) converter not exported");
+        throw import_error();
+    }
+
+    virtual T* from_python_Ts(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T*> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual const T* from_python_cTs(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual const T* from_python_cTscr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*const&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual T* from_python_Tscr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T* const&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual T& from_python_Tr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual const T& from_python_cTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual const T& from_python_T(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+
+    virtual std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python_aTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T>&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual std::auto_ptr<T> from_python_aT(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> > t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python_caTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::auto_ptr<T>&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> x) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(x);
+    }
+
+    virtual boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python_sTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T>&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python_sT(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> > t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python_csTr(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::shared_ptr<T>&> t) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(p, t);
+    }
+    virtual PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> x) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(x);
+    }
+};
+
+// The addditional to_python() converter that can be used if T is copyable.
+template <class T>
+struct export_converter_object : export_converter_object_noncopyable<T>
+{
+    virtual PyObject* to_python(const T& x) {
+        return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::py_extension_class_converters(boost::python::type<T>()).to_python(x);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+/* This class template is instantiated by import_converters<T>.
+   Its purpose is to import the converter_object via the Python API.
+   The actual import is only done once. The pointer to the
+   imported converter object is kept in the static data member
+   imported_converters.
+ */
+template <class T>
+class import_extension_class
+    : public python_import_extension_class_converters<T>
+{
+ public:
+    inline import_extension_class(const char* module, const char* py_class) {
+      m_module = module;
+      m_py_class = py_class;
+    }
+
+    static boost::python::export_converter_object_base<T>* get_converters();
+
+  private:
+    static std::string m_module;
+    static std::string m_py_class;
+    static boost::python::export_converter_object_base<T>* imported_converters;
+};
+
+template <class T> std::string import_extension_class<T>::m_module;
+template <class T> std::string import_extension_class<T>::m_py_class;
+template <class T>
+boost::python::export_converter_object_base<T>*
+import_extension_class<T>::imported_converters = 0;
+
+template <class T>
+boost::python::export_converter_object_base<T>*
+import_extension_class<T>::get_converters() {
+  if (imported_converters == 0) {
+    void* cobject
+      = import_converter_object(m_module, m_py_class,
+                                converters_attribute_name);
+    imported_converters
+      = static_cast<boost::python::export_converter_object_base<T>*>(cobject);
+    check_export_converters_api(
+      export_converters_api_major,
+      export_converters_api_minor,
+      imported_converters->get_api_major(),
+      imported_converters->get_api_minor());
+  }
+  return imported_converters;
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
+
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+
+// Implementation of export_converters().
+template <class T, class U>
+void export_converters(class_builder<T, U>& cb)
+{
+    static export_converter_object<T> export_cvts;
+    cb.add(
+      ref(PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&export_cvts), NULL)),
+      detail::converters_attribute_name);
+}
+
+// Implementation of export_converters_noncopyable().
+template <class T, class U>
+void export_converters_noncopyable(class_builder<T, U>& cb)
+{
+    static export_converter_object_noncopyable<T> export_cvts;
+    cb.add(
+      ref(PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&export_cvts), NULL)),
+      detail::converters_attribute_name);
+}
+
+// Implementation of import_converters<T>.
+template <class T>
+class import_converters
+    : python_import_extension_class_converters<T> // Works around MSVC6.x/GCC2.95.2 bug described
+                                                  // at the bottom of class_builder.hpp.
+{
+ public:
+    import_converters(const char* module, const char* py_class)
+        : m_class(new detail::import_extension_class<T>(module, py_class))
+    { }
+ private:
+    boost::shared_ptr<detail::import_extension_class<T> > m_class;
+};
+
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+#endif // CROSS_MODULE_HPP

include/boost/python/detail/base_object.hpp

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 //
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
+//
+// Revision History:
+// Mar 01 01  Use PyObject_INIT() instead of trying to hand-initialize (David Abrahams)
 
 #ifndef BASE_OBJECT_DWA051600_H_
 # define BASE_OBJECT_DWA051600_H_
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ typedef base_object<PyTypeObject> python_type;
 
 
 //
-// class_t template member function implementations 
+// base_object member function implementations 
 //
 template <class python_type>
 base_object<python_type>::base_object(PyTypeObject* type_obj)
@@ -46,9 +49,8 @@ base_object<python_type>::base_object(PyTypeObject* type_obj)
     std::
 #endif
 		memset(bp, 0, sizeof(base_python_type));
-    ob_refcnt = 1;
-    ob_type = type_obj;
     Py_INCREF(type_obj);
+    PyObject_INIT(bp, type_obj);
 }
 
 template <class python_type>

include/boost/python/detail/config.hpp

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
 
+//  Revision History:
+//  04 Mar 01  Some fixes so it will compile with Intel C++ (Dave Abrahams)
+
 #ifndef CONFIG_DWA052200_H_
 # define CONFIG_DWA052200_H_
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@
 # else
 #  define BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE namespace boost { namespace python {
 #  define BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE }} // namespace boost::python
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION python
+#  define BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION boost::python
 #  define BOOST_PYTHON_IMPORT_CONVERSION(x) void never_defined() // so we can follow the macro with a ';'
 # endif
 
@@ -46,11 +49,18 @@
 # endif
 
 // The STLport puts all of the standard 'C' library names in std (as far as the
-// user is concerned), but without it you need a fix if you're using MSVC.
-# if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER) && !defined(__STLPORT)
+// user is concerned), but without it you need a fix if you're using MSVC or
+// Intel C++
+# if defined(BOOST_MSVC_STD_ITERATOR)
 #  define BOOST_CSTD_
 # else
 #  define BOOST_CSTD_ std
 # endif
 
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(name) extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void init##name()
+#else
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(name) extern "C" void init##name()
+#endif
+
 #endif // CONFIG_DWA052200_H_

include/boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp

@@ -6,9 +6,14 @@
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
 //
-//  This file automatically generated for 5-argument constructors by
+//  This file automatically generated for 10-argument constructors by
 //  gen_extclass.python
 
+//  Revision History:
+//  17 Apr 01  Comment added with reference to cross_module.hpp (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+//  05 Mar 01  Fixed a bug which prevented auto_ptr values from being converted
+//             to_python (Dave Abrahams)
+
 #ifndef EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
 # define EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
 
@@ -22,6 +27,7 @@
 # include <boost/python/detail/init_function.hpp>
 # include <typeinfo>
 # include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python {
 
@@ -61,7 +67,7 @@ T* check_non_null(T* p)
     return p;
 }
 
-template <class T> class held_instance;
+template <class Held> class held_instance;
 
 typedef void* (*conversion_function_ptr)(void*);
 
@@ -133,6 +139,26 @@ class class_registry
     static std::vector<derived_class_info> static_derived_class_info;
 };
 
+template <bool is_pointer>
+struct is_null_helper
+{
+    template <class Ptr>
+    static bool test(Ptr x) { return x == 0; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct is_null_helper<false>
+{
+    template <class Ptr>
+    static bool test(const Ptr& x) { return x.get() == 0; }
+};
+
+template <class Ptr>
+bool is_null(const Ptr& x)
+{
+    return is_null_helper<(is_pointer<Ptr>::value)>::test(x);
+}
+
 }}} // namespace boost::python::detail
 
 BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
@@ -141,6 +167,14 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
 // and U. T is the class the user really intends to wrap. U is a class derived
 // from T with some virtual function overriding boilerplate, or if there are no
 // virtual functions, U = held_instance<T>.
+//
+// A look-alike of this class in root/boost/python/cross_module.hpp
+// is used for the implementation of the cross-module support
+// (export_converters and import_converters). If from_python
+// and to_python converters are added or removed from the class
+// below, the class python_import_extension_class_converters has
+// to be modified accordingly.
+//
 template <class T, class U = boost::python::detail::held_instance<T> >
 class python_extension_class_converters
 {
@@ -178,9 +212,9 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
                 new boost::python::detail::instance_value_holder<T,U>(result.get(), x)));
         return result.release();
     }
-    
-    // Convert to T*
-    friend T* from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
+
+    friend
+    T* non_null_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
     {
         // downcast to an extension_instance, then find the actual T
         boost::python::detail::extension_instance* self = boost::python::detail::get_extension_instance(obj);
@@ -201,9 +235,18 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         throw boost::python::argument_error();
     }
 
-    // Convert to PtrType, where PtrType can be dereferenced to obtain a T.
+    // Convert to T*
+    friend T* from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
+    {
+        if (obj == Py_None)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return non_null_from_python(obj, boost::python::type<T*>());
+    }
+
+    // Extract from obj a mutable reference to the PtrType object which is holding a T.
     template <class PtrType>
-    static PtrType& ptr_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
+    static PtrType& smart_ptr_reference(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
     {
         // downcast to an extension_instance, then find the actual T
         boost::python::detail::extension_instance* self = boost::python::detail::get_extension_instance(obj);
@@ -220,9 +263,29 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         throw boost::python::argument_error();
     }
 
+    // Extract from obj a reference to the PtrType object which is holding a
+    // T. If it weren't for auto_ptr, it would be a constant reference. Do not
+    // modify the referent except by copying an auto_ptr! If obj is None, the
+    // reference denotes a default-constructed PtrType
     template <class PtrType>
-    static PyObject* ptr_to_python(PtrType x)
+    static PtrType& smart_ptr_value(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
     {
+        if (obj == Py_None)
+        {
+            static PtrType null_ptr;
+            return null_ptr;
+        }
+        return smart_ptr_reference(obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>());
+    }
+        
+    template <class PtrType>
+    static PyObject* smart_ptr_to_python(PtrType x)
+    {
+        if (boost::python::detail::is_null(x))
+        {
+            return boost::python::detail::none();
+        }
+        
         boost::python::reference<boost::python::detail::extension_instance> result(create_instance());
         result->add_implementation(
             std::auto_ptr<boost::python::detail::instance_holder_base>(
@@ -254,7 +317,7 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
  
     // Convert to T&
     friend T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T&>)
-        { return *boost::python::detail::check_non_null(from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>())); }
+        { return *boost::python::detail::check_non_null(non_null_from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>())); }
 
     // Convert to const T&
     friend const T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T&>)
@@ -265,28 +328,28 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         { return from_python(p, boost::python::type<T&>()); }
 
     friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_reference(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
     
-    friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+    friend std::auto_ptr<T> from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >)
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
     
     friend const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
 
     friend PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> x)
-        { return ptr_to_python(x); }
+        { return smart_ptr_to_python(x); }
 
     friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_reference(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
     
-    friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+    friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
     
     friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
 
     friend PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> x)
-        { return ptr_to_python(x); }
+        { return smart_ptr_to_python(x); }
 };
 
 // Convert T to_python, instantiated on demand and only if there isn't a
@@ -363,8 +426,8 @@ class extension_class
     ~extension_class();
 
     // define constructors
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    inline void def(constructor<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>)
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
+    inline void def(constructor<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10>)
     // The following incantation builds a signature1, signature2,... object. It
     // should _all_ get optimized away.
     { add_constructor(
@@ -373,7 +436,12 @@ class extension_class
         prepend(type<A3>::id(),
         prepend(type<A4>::id(),
         prepend(type<A5>::id(),
-                signature0()))))));
+        prepend(type<A6>::id(),
+        prepend(type<A7>::id(),
+        prepend(type<A8>::id(),
+        prepend(type<A9>::id(),
+        prepend(type<A10>::id(),
+                signature0())))))))))));
     }
 
 
@@ -548,6 +616,12 @@ class extension_class
         choose_op<(which & op_and)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_xor)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_or)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_gt)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ge)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_lt)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_le)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_eq)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ne)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_unary_op<(which & op_neg)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_unary_op<(which & op_pos)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_unary_op<(which & op_abs)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
@@ -577,6 +651,12 @@ class extension_class
         choose_op<(which & op_xor)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_or)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_cmp)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_gt)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ge)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_lt)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_le)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_eq)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ne)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
     }
     
     template <long which, class Left, class Right>
@@ -608,23 +688,33 @@ class extension_class
 
 // A simple wrapper over a T which allows us to use extension_class<T> with a
 // single template parameter only. See extension_class<T>, above.
-template <class T>
-class held_instance : public T
+template <class Held>
+class held_instance : public Held
 {
     // There are no member functions: we want to avoid inadvertently overriding
-    // any virtual functions in T.
+    // any virtual functions in Held.
 public:
-    held_instance(PyObject*) : T() {}
+    held_instance(PyObject*) : Held() {}
     template <class A1>
-    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1) : T(a1) {}
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1) : Held(a1) {}
     template <class A1, class A2>
-    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2) : T(a1, a2) {}
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2) : Held(a1, a2) {}
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) : T(a1, a2, a3) {}
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3) : Held(a1, a2, a3) {}
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) : T(a1, a2, a3, a4) {}
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4) : Held(a1, a2, a3, a4) {}
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) : T(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {}
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) : Held(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) : Held(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7) : Held(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8) : Held(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9) : Held(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
+    held_instance(PyObject*, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9, A10 a10) : Held(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {}
 };
 
 // Abstract base class for all obj holders. Base for template class
@@ -676,6 +766,21 @@ public:
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
     instance_value_holder(extension_instance* p, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5) :
         m_held(p, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
+    instance_value_holder(extension_instance* p, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6) :
+        m_held(p, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
+    instance_value_holder(extension_instance* p, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7) :
+        m_held(p, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
+    instance_value_holder(extension_instance* p, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8) :
+        m_held(p, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
+    instance_value_holder(extension_instance* p, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9) :
+        m_held(p, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {}
+    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
+    instance_value_holder(extension_instance* p, A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9, A10 a10) :
+        m_held(p, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {}
 
  public: // implementation of instance_holder_base required interface
     bool held_by_value() { return true; }
@@ -721,8 +826,6 @@ class extension_instance : public instance
 // Template function implementations
 //
 
-tuple extension_class_coerce(ref l, ref r);
-
 template <class T, class U>
 extension_class<T, U>::extension_class()
     : extension_class_base(typeid(T).name())
@@ -743,7 +846,7 @@ void extension_class<T, U>::def_standard_coerce()
     ref coerce_fct = dict().get_item(string("__coerce__"));
     
     if(coerce_fct.get() == 0) // not yet defined
-        this->def(&extension_class_coerce, "__coerce__");
+        this->def(&standard_coerce, "__coerce__");
 }
 
 template <class T, class U>
@@ -831,4 +934,3 @@ std::vector<derived_class_info> class_registry<T>::static_derived_class_info;
 }}} // namespace boost::python::detail
 
 #endif // EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
-

include/boost/python/detail/init_function.hpp

@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ namespace detail {
   struct parameter_traits
   {
    private:
-      typedef const_ref_selector<boost::is_reference<T>::value> selector;
+      enum { is_ref = boost::is_reference<T>::value };
+      typedef const_ref_selector<is_ref> selector;
    public:
       typedef typename selector::template const_ref<T>::type const_reference;
   };
@@ -110,11 +111,11 @@ template <class T, class A1, class A2> struct init2;
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3> struct init3;
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4> struct init4;
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5> struct init5;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6> struct Init6;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7> struct Init7;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8> struct Init8;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9> struct Init9;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10> struct Init10;
+template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6> struct init6;
+template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7> struct init7;
+template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8> struct init8;
+template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9> struct init9;
+template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10> struct init10;
 
 template <class T>
 struct init_function
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ struct init_function
 
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
     static init* create(signature6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>) {
-        return new Init6<T,
+        return new init6<T,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ struct init_function
 
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
     static init* create(signature7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7>) {
-        return new Init7<T,
+        return new init7<T,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ struct init_function
 
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
     static init* create(signature8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8>) {
-        return new Init8<T,
+        return new init8<T,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ struct init_function
 
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
     static init* create(signature9<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9>) {
-        return new Init9<T,
+        return new init9<T,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ struct init_function
 
     template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
     static init* create(signature10<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10>) {
-        return new Init10<T,
+        return new init10<T,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
                        detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ struct init5 : init
 };
 
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-struct Init6 : init
+struct init6 : init
 {
     virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
     {
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ struct Init6 : init
 };
 
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-struct Init7 : init
+struct init7 : init
 {
     virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
     {
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ struct Init7 : init
 };
 
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-struct Init8 : init
+struct init8 : init
 {
     virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
     {
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ struct Init8 : init
 };
 
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-struct Init9 : init
+struct init9 : init
 {
     virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
     {
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ struct Init9 : init
 };
 
 template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-struct Init10 : init
+struct init10 : init
 {
     virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
     {

include/boost/python/detail/types.hpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class type_object_base : public python_type
 
  public:
     enum capability {
-        hash, call, str, getattr, setattr, compare, repr,
+        hash, call, str, getattr, setattr, compare, repr, richcompare,
 
         mapping_length, mapping_subscript, mapping_ass_subscript,
         
@@ -115,6 +115,14 @@ class type_object_base : public python_type
     virtual PyObject* instance_number_float(PyObject*) const;
     virtual PyObject* instance_number_oct(PyObject*) const;
     virtual PyObject* instance_number_hex(PyObject*) const;
+
+ public: // Callbacks for rich comparisons
+    virtual PyObject* instance_lt(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    virtual PyObject* instance_le(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    virtual PyObject* instance_eq(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    virtual PyObject* instance_ne(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    virtual PyObject* instance_gt(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
+    virtual PyObject* instance_ge(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
 };
 
 template <class T>
@@ -375,8 +383,12 @@ PyObject* reprable<Base>::instance_repr(PyObject* obj) const
 
 // This macro gets the length of an array as a compile-time constant, and will
 // fail to compile if the parameter is a pointer.
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__ // smart implementation doesn't work for borland; maybe someone knows a workaround?
+# define PY_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
+#else
 # define PY_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) \
         (sizeof(::boost::python::detail::countof_validate(a, &(a))) ? sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]) : 0)
+#endif
 
   template<typename T>
   inline void countof_validate(T* const, T* const*);

include/boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,30 @@
+//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+//
+//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
+//  producing this work.
+
+//  This file serves as a wrapper around <Python.h> which allows it to be
+//  compiled with GCC 2.95.2 under Win32 and which disables the default MSVC
+//  behavior so that a program may be compiled in debug mode without requiring a
+//  special debugging build of the Python library.
+
+
+//  To use the Python debugging library, #define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON on the
+//  compiler command-line.
+
+// Revision History:
+// 05 Mar 01  Suppress warnings under Cygwin with Python 2.0 (Dave Abrahams)
+// 04 Mar 01  Rolled in some changes from the Dragon fork (Dave Abrahams)
+// 01 Mar 01  define PyObject_INIT() for Python 1.x (Dave Abrahams)
+
+
+#include <patchlevel.h>
+
 #ifdef _DEBUG
-# ifndef DEBUG_PYTHON
+# ifndef BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON
 #  undef _DEBUG // Don't let Python force the debug library just because we're debugging.
 #  define DEBUG_UNDEFINED_FROM_WRAP_PYTHON_H
 # endif
@@ -16,9 +41,11 @@ typedef int pid_t;
 #  define WORD_BIT 32
 #  define hypot _hypot
 #  include <stdio.h>
-#  define HAVE_CLOCK
-#  define HAVE_STRFTIME
-#  define HAVE_STRERROR
+#  if !defined(PY_MAJOR_VERSION) || PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 2
+#   define HAVE_CLOCK
+#   define HAVE_STRFTIME
+#   define HAVE_STRERROR
+#  endif
 #  define NT_THREADS
 #  define WITH_THREAD
 #  ifndef NETSCAPE_PI
@@ -44,6 +71,8 @@ typedef int pid_t;
 #   define _MSC_VER 900
 #  endif
 
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include <limits> // prevents Python.h from defining LONGLONG_MAX, LONGLONG_MIN, and ULONGLONG_MAX
 # endif
 
 #endif // _WIN32
@@ -59,3 +88,7 @@ typedef int pid_t;
 # define _DEBUG
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(PY_MAJOR_VERSION) || PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 2
+# define PyObject_INIT(op, typeobj) \
+	( (op)->ob_type = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )
+#endif

include/boost/python/module_builder.hpp

@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ namespace boost { namespace python {
 
 class module_builder
 {
-    typedef PyObject * (*raw_function_ptr)(boost::python::tuple const &, boost::python::dictionary const &);
-    
  public:
     // Create a module. REQUIRES: only one module_builder is created per module.
     module_builder(const char* name);
+    ~module_builder();
 
     // Add elements to the module
     void add(detail::function* x, const char* name);
@@ -41,13 +40,29 @@ class module_builder
         add(detail::new_wrapped_function(fn), name);
     }
 
-    static string name();
+    // Return true iff a module is currently being built.
+    static bool initializing();
     
+    // Return the name of the module currently being built.
+    // REQUIRES: initializing() == true
+    static string name();
+
+    // Return a pointer to the Python module object being built
+    PyObject* module() const;
+
  private:
     PyObject* m_module;
     static PyMethodDef initial_methods[1];
 };
 
+//
+// inline implementations
+//
+inline PyObject* module_builder::module() const
+{
+    return m_module;
+}
+
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
 #endif

include/boost/python/operators.hpp

@@ -1,15 +1,38 @@
+//  (C) Copyright Ullrich Koethe and David Abrahams 2000-2001. Permission to
+//  copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided
+//  this copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as
+//  is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
+//  suitability for any purpose.
+//
+//  The authors gratefully acknowlege the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
+//  producing this work.
+//
+//  Revision History:
+//  23 Jan 2001 - Another stupid typo fix by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve (David Abrahams)
+//  20 Jan 2001 - Added a fix from Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve (David Abrahams)
 #ifndef OPERATORS_UK112000_H_
 #define OPERATORS_UK112000_H_
 
-#include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-#if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__SGI_STL_PORT)
-# include <sstream>
-#else
-# include <strstream>
-#endif
+# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
+
+// When STLport is used with native streams, _STL::ostringstream().str() is not
+// _STL::string, but std::string. This confuses to_python(), so we'll use
+// strstream instead. Also, GCC 2.95.2 doesn't have sstream.
+# if defined(__SGI_STL_PORT) ? defined(__SGI_STL_OWN_IOSTREAMS) : (!defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ > 2)
+#  define BOOST_PYTHON_USE_SSTREAM
+# endif
+
+#if defined(BOOST_PYTHON_USE_SSTREAM)
+#  include <sstream>
+# else
+#  include <strstream>
+# endif
 
 namespace boost { namespace python {
 
+tuple standard_coerce(ref l, ref r);
+
 namespace detail {
   
   // helper class for automatic operand type detection
@@ -42,7 +65,13 @@ enum operator_id
     op_long = 0x20000, 
     op_float = 0x40000, 
     op_str = 0x80000,
-    op_cmp = 0x100000 
+    op_cmp = 0x100000,
+    op_gt = 0x200000,
+    op_ge = 0x400000,
+    op_lt = 0x800000,
+    op_le = 0x1000000,
+    op_eq = 0x2000000,
+    op_ne = 0x4000000
 };
 
 // Wrap the operators given by "which". Usage:
@@ -278,6 +307,12 @@ namespace detail
   PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(and, &);
   PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(xor, ^);
   PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(or, |);
+  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(gt, >);
+  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(ge, >=);
+  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(lt, <);
+  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(le, <=);
+  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(eq, ==);
+  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(ne, !=);
 
   PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(neg, -);
   PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(pos, +);
@@ -461,6 +496,16 @@ namespace detail
       static const char * rname() { return "__rcmp__"; }
   };
 
+# ifndef BOOST_PYTHON_USE_SSTREAM
+  class unfreezer {
+   public:
+      unfreezer(std::ostrstream& s) : m_stream(s) {}
+      ~unfreezer() { m_stream.freeze(false); }
+   private:
+      std::ostrstream& m_stream;
+  };
+# endif
+  
 // str(): Manual specialization needed because the string conversion does not follow
 // the standard pattern relized by the macros.
   template <>
@@ -473,19 +518,18 @@ namespace detail
           { 
               tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
 
-#if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__SGI_STL_PORT)
+// When STLport is used with native streams, _STL::ostringstream().str() is not
+// _STL::string, but std::string.
+# ifdef BOOST_PYTHON_USE_SSTREAM
               std::ostringstream s;
               s << BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<operand>());
-#else
+              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(s.str()); 
+# else
               std::ostrstream s;
               s << BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<operand>()) << char();
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__SGI_STL_PORT)
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(s.str()); 
-#else
+              auto unfreezer unfreeze(s);
               return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(const_cast<char const *>(s.str())); 
-#endif
+# endif
           }
 
           const char* description() const
@@ -501,4 +545,5 @@ namespace detail
 
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
+# undef BOOST_PYTHON_USE_SSTREAM
 #endif /* OPERATORS_UK112000_H_ */

release_notes.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+2000-11-22 10:00
+    Ullrich fixed bug in operator_dispatcher<op_long>.
+    
+2000-11-21 10:00
+    Changed all class and function names into lower_case.
+    
+    Ullrich updated documentation for operator wrapping.
+    
+2000-11-20 10:00
+    Ullrich renamed ExtensionClass:register_coerce() into 
+    ExtensionClass:def_standard_coerce() and made it public
+    
+    Ullrich improved shared_pod_manager.
+    
+2000-11-17 15:04
+    Changed allocation strategy of shared_pod_manager to make it portable.
+    
+    Added pickling support + tests thanks to "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve"
+    <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
+
+    Added a specialization of Callback<const char*> to prevent unsafe usage.
+
+    Fixed Ullrich's operator_dispatcher refcount bug
+
+    Removed const char* return values from virtual functions in tests; that
+    usage was unsafe.
+
+    Ullrich changed Module::add() so that it steals a reference (fix of refcount bug)
+    
+    Ullrich added operator_dispatcher::create() optimization
+    
+    Ullrich changed design and implementation of TypeObjectBase::enable() (to eliminate low-level
+    code) and added shared_pod_manager optimization.
+
+
+2000-11-15 12:01
+    Fixed refcount bugs in operator calls.
+    
+    Added callback_adjust_refcount(PyObject*, Type<T>) to account for different ownership 
+    semantics of Callback's return types and Caller's arguments (which both use from_python())
+    This bug caused refcount errors during operator calls.
+
+    Moved operator_dispatcher into extclass.cpp
+    Gave it shared ownership of the objects it wraps
+
+    Introduced sequence points in extension_class_coerce for exception-safety
+
+    UPPER_CASE_MACRO_NAMES
+
+    MixedCase template type argument names
+
+    Changed internal error reporting to use Python exceptions so we don't force the
+    user to link in iostreams code
+
+    Changed error return value of call_cmp to -1
+
+    Moved unwrap_* functions out of operator_dispatcher. This was transitional: when
+    I realized they didn't need to be declared in extclass.h I moved them out, but
+    now that operator_dispatcher itself is in extclass.cpp they could go back in.
+
+    Numerous formatting tweaks
+
+    Updated the BoundFunction::create() optimization and enabled it so it could actually be used!
+
+2000-11-15 00:26
+
+    Made Ullrich's operators support work with MSVC
+    
+    Cleaned up operators.h such that invalid define_operator<0> is no longer needed.
+    
+    Ullrich created operators.h to support wrapping of C++ operators (including the "__r*__" forms). 
+    He added several auxiliary classes to extclass.h and extclass.cpp (most importantly, 
+    py::detail::operator_dispatcher and py::operators)
+
+2000-11-13 22:29
+
+    removed obsolete ExtensionClassFromPython for good.
+
+    removed unused class ExtensionType forward declaration
+
+2000-11-12 13:08
+
+    Added enum_as_int_converters for easier enum wrapping
+
+    Introduced new conversion namespace macros:
+        PY_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE,
+        PY_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE,
+        PY_CONVERSION
+
+    callback.h, gen_callback.py:
+        Added call() function so that a regular python function (as opposed to
+         method or other function-as-attribute) can be called.
+
+         Added newlines for readability.
+
+    class_wrapper.h:
+        Fixed a bug in add(), which allows non-method class attributes
+
+    Ullrich has added def_raw for simple varargs and keyword support.
+
+    Fixed version number check for __MWERKS__
+    
+    Added tests for enums and non-method class attributes
+
+    objects.h/objects.cpp:
+        Added py::String operator*= and operator* for repetition
+
+        Change Dict::items(), keys(), and values() to return a List
+
+        Added template versions of set_item, etc., methods so that users can optionally
+        use C++ types that have to_python() functions as parameters.
+
+        Changed various Ptr by-value parameters to const Ptr&
+
+
+======= Release =======
+2000-11-06 0:22 
+    Lots of documentation updates
+
+    added 4-argument template constructor to py::Tuple
+
+    added "add" member function to ClassWrapper<> to allow arbitrary Python
+    objects to be added to an extension class.
+
+    gen_all.py now generates support for n argument member functions and n+1
+    argument member functions at the suggestion of "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve"
+    <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
+
+    Added regression tests and re-ordered declare_base calls to verify that the
+    phantom base class issue is resolved.
+
+2000-11-04 17:35
+
+    Integrated Ullrich Koethe's brilliant from_python_experiment for better
+    error-reporting in many cases.
+
+    extclass.h, gen_extclass.py:
+        removed special-case MSVC code
+        added much commentary
+        removed unused py_copy_to_new_value_holder
+
+    init_function.h, gen_init_function.py:
+        added missing 'template' keyword on type-dependent template member usage
+        removed special-case MSVC code
+        added much commentary
+        
+2000-11-04 0:36
+
+    Removed the need for the phantom base class that screwed up inheritance
+    hierarchies, introduced error-prone ordering dependencies, and complexified
+    logic in many places!
+    
+    extclass.h: Added some explanatory comments, removed wasteful m_self member
+    of HeldInstance
+
+    extclass_demo.cpp: Added #pragmas which allow compilation in ansi strict
+    mode under Metrowerks
+
+    functions.h: Added virtual_function as part of phantom base class removal;
+    expanded commentary
+
+    pyptr.h: Added some missing 'typename's and a GCC workaround fix
+
+    subclass.cpp: Added missing string literal const_cast<>s.
+
+2000-11-03 10:58
+
+    Fix friend function instantiation bug caught by Metrowerks (thanks
+    Metrowerks!)
+
+    Add proof-of-concept for one technique of wrapping function that return a
+    pointer
+
+    Worked around MSVC optimizer bug by writing to_python(double) and
+    to_python(float) out-of-line
+
+2000-11-02 23:25
+
+    Add /Zm200 option to vc6_prj to deal with MSVC resource limitations
+    
+    Remove conflicting /Ot option from vc6_prj release build
+
+======= Release =======
+2000-11-02 17:42
+
+    Added a fix for interactions between default virtual function
+    implementations and declare_base(). You still need to write your
+    declare_base() /after/ all member functions have been def()d for the two
+    classes concerned.  Many, many thanks to Ullrich Koethe
+    <koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de> for all his work on this.
+
+    Added missing conversions:
+        to_python(float)
+        from_python(const char* const&)
+        from_python(const double&)
+        from_python(const float&)
+
+    Added a Regression test for a reference-counting bug thanks to Mark Evans
+    (<mark.evans@clarisay.com>)
+
+    const-ify ClassBase::getattr()
+
+    Add repr() function to Class<T>
+
+    Add to_python/from_python conversions for PyPtr<T>
+
+    Standardize set_item/get_item interfaces (instead of proxies) for Dict and List
+
+    Add Reprable<> template to newtypes.h
+
+    Fix a bug wherein the __module__ attribute would be lost for classes that have a
+    default virtual function implementation.
+
+    Remove extra ';' in module.cpp thanks to "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve"
+    <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
+
+    Fix a bug in the code of example1.html

src/classes.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@
 //
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
+//
+// Revision History:
+// 04 Mar 01  Rolled in const_cast from Dragon fork (Dave Abrahams)
+// 03 Mar 01  added: pickle safety measures (Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+// 03 Mar 01  bug fix: use bound_function::create() (instead of new bound_function)
 
 #include <boost/python/classes.hpp>
 #include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
@@ -67,8 +72,7 @@ namespace {
 
   ref global_class_reduce()
   {
-      static ref result(detail::new_wrapped_function(class_reduce));
-      return result;
+      return ref(detail::new_wrapped_function(class_reduce));
   }
   
 
@@ -93,17 +97,41 @@ namespace {
       ref getstate(PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, const_cast<char*>("__getstate__")),
                    ref::null_ok);
       PyErr_Clear();
+
+      ref dict(PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, const_cast<char*>("__dict__")), ref::null_ok);
+      PyErr_Clear();
+
       if (getstate.get() != 0)
       {
+          if (dict.get() != 0 && dictionary(dict).size() > 0)
+          {
+              ref getstate_manages_dict(PyObject_GetAttrString(instance_class.get(), const_cast<char*>("__getstate_manages_dict__")), ref::null_ok);
+              PyErr_Clear();
+              if (getstate_manages_dict.get() == 0)
+              {
+                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Incomplete pickle support (__getstate_manages_dict__ not set)");
+                  throw error_already_set();
+              }
+          }
+
           ref state = ref(PyEval_CallObject(getstate.get(), NULL));
           return tuple(instance_class, initargs, state);
       }
 
-      ref state(PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, const_cast<char*>("__dict__")), ref::null_ok);
-      PyErr_Clear();
-      if (state.get() != 0 && dictionary(state).size() > 0)
+      if (getinitargs.get() == 0)
       {
-          return tuple(instance_class, initargs, state);
+          ref dict_defines_state(PyObject_GetAttrString(instance_class.get(), const_cast<char*>("__dict_defines_state__")), ref::null_ok);
+          PyErr_Clear();
+          if (dict_defines_state.get() == 0)
+          {
+              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Incomplete pickle support (__dict_defines_state__ not set)");
+              throw error_already_set();
+          }
+      }
+
+      if (dict.get() != 0 && dictionary(dict).size() > 0)
+      {
+          return tuple(instance_class, initargs, dict);
       }
 
       return tuple(instance_class, initargs);
@@ -111,8 +139,7 @@ namespace {
 
   ref global_instance_reduce()
   {
-      static ref result(detail::new_wrapped_function(instance_reduce));
-      return result;
+      return ref(detail::new_wrapped_function(instance_reduce));
   }
 }
 
@@ -176,8 +203,9 @@ namespace detail {
       }
       if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__reduce__"))
       {
-          ref target(as_object(this), ref::increment_count);
-          return new bound_function(target, global_class_reduce());
+          PyObject* self = as_object(this);
+          ref target(self, ref::increment_count);
+          return bound_function::create(target, global_class_reduce());
       }
       
       ref local_attribute = m_name_space.get_item(string(name).reference());
@@ -348,7 +376,7 @@ PyObject* instance::getattr(const char* name, bool use_special_function)
 
     if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__reduce__"))
     {
-      return new detail::bound_function(ref(this, ref::increment_count), global_instance_reduce());
+      return detail::bound_function::create(ref(this, ref::increment_count), global_instance_reduce());
     }
     
     ref local_attribute = m_name_space.get_item(string(name).reference());
@@ -708,6 +736,36 @@ PyObject* instance::hex()
     return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__hex__");
 }
 
+PyObject* instance::lt(PyObject* other)
+{
+    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__lt__", other);
+}
+
+PyObject* instance::le(PyObject* other)
+{
+    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__le__", other);
+}
+
+PyObject* instance::eq(PyObject* other)
+{
+    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__eq__", other);
+}
+
+PyObject* instance::ne(PyObject* other)
+{
+    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__ne__", other);
+}
+
+PyObject* instance::gt(PyObject* other)
+{
+    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__gt__", other);
+}
+
+PyObject* instance::ge(PyObject* other)
+{
+    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__ge__", other);
+}
+
 namespace {
   struct named_capability
   {
@@ -719,6 +777,12 @@ namespace {
   {
       { "__hash__", detail::type_object_base::hash },
       { "__cmp__", detail::type_object_base::compare },
+      { "__gt__", detail::type_object_base::richcompare },
+      { "__ge__", detail::type_object_base::richcompare },
+      { "__lt__", detail::type_object_base::richcompare },
+      { "__le__", detail::type_object_base::richcompare },
+      { "__eq__", detail::type_object_base::richcompare },
+      { "__ne__", detail::type_object_base::richcompare },
       { "__repr__", detail::type_object_base::repr },
       { "__str__", detail::type_object_base::str },
       { "__call__", detail::type_object_base::call },
@@ -781,7 +845,7 @@ namespace detail {
   // Enable the special handler for methods of the given name, if any.
   void enable_named_method(boost::python::detail::class_base* type_obj, const char* name)
   {
-      const std::size_t num_enablers = sizeof(enablers) / sizeof(enablers[0]);
+      const std::size_t num_enablers = PY_ARRAY_LENGTH(enablers);
 
       // Make sure this ends with "__" since we'll only compare the head of the
       // string.  This is done to make the __getattr__<name>__/__setattr__<name>__
@@ -840,7 +904,27 @@ namespace {
   void add_current_module_name(dictionary& name_space)
   {
       static string module_key("__module__", string::interned);
-      name_space.set_item(module_key, module_builder::name());
+
+      // If the user didn't specify a __module__ attribute already
+      if (name_space.get_item(module_key).get() == 0)
+      {
+          if (module_builder::initializing())
+          {
+              // The global __name__ is not properly set in this case
+              name_space.set_item(module_key, module_builder::name());
+          }
+          else
+          {
+              // Get the module name from the global __name__
+              PyObject *globals = PyEval_GetGlobals();
+              if (globals != NULL)
+              {
+                  PyObject *module_name = PyDict_GetItemString(globals, const_cast<char*>("__name__"));
+                  if (module_name != NULL)
+                      name_space.set_item(module_key, module_name);
+              }
+          }
+      }
   }
 }
 

src/conversions.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,13 @@
 //
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
+//
+// Revision History:
+// 05 Apr 01  added: from_python std::string type checking (rwgk)
+// 12 Mar 01  Python 1.5.2 fixes (Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+// 11 Mar 01  std::string *MAY* include nulls (Alex Martelli)
+// 04 Mar 01  std::complex<> fixes for MSVC (Dave Abrahams)
+// 03 Mar 01  added: converters for [plain] char (Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
 
 #include <boost/python/conversions.hpp>
 #include <typeinfo>
@@ -44,6 +51,19 @@ void handle_exception()
     }
 }
 
+namespace detail {
+
+  void expect_complex(PyObject* p)
+  {
+      if (!PyComplex_Check(p))
+      {
+          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a complex number");
+          throw boost::python::argument_error();
+      }
+  }
+
+} // namespace boost::python::detail
+
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
 BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
@@ -132,7 +152,7 @@ int from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<int> type)
 
 PyObject* to_python(unsigned int i)
 {
-	return integer_to_python(i);
+    return integer_to_python(i);
 }
 
 unsigned int from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned int> type)
@@ -152,7 +172,7 @@ float from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<float>)
 
 PyObject* to_python(unsigned short i)
 {
-	return integer_to_python(i);
+    return integer_to_python(i);
 }
 
 unsigned short from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned short> type)
@@ -160,9 +180,27 @@ unsigned short from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned short> type
     return integer_from_python(p, type);
 }
 
+PyObject* to_python(char c)
+{
+    if (c == '\0') return PyString_FromString("");
+    return PyString_FromStringAndSize(&c, 1);
+}
+
+char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<char>)
+{
+    int l = -1;
+    if (PyString_Check(p)) l = PyString_Size(p);
+    if (l < 0 || l > 1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected string of length 0 or 1");
+        throw boost::python::argument_error();
+    }
+    if (l == 0) return '\0';
+    return PyString_AsString(p)[0];
+}
+
 PyObject* to_python(unsigned char i)
 {
-	return integer_to_python(i);
+    return integer_to_python(i);
 }
 
 unsigned char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned char> type)
@@ -172,7 +210,7 @@ unsigned char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned char> type)
 
 PyObject* to_python(signed char i)
 {
-	return integer_to_python(i);
+    return integer_to_python(i);
 }
 
 signed char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<signed char> type)
@@ -208,12 +246,16 @@ const char* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const char*>)
 
 PyObject* to_python(const std::string& s)
 {
-	return PyString_FromString(s.c_str());
+    return PyString_FromStringAndSize(s.data(), s.size());
 }
 
 std::string from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::string>)
 {
-    return std::string(from_python(p, boost::python::type<const char*>()));
+    if (! PyString_Check(p)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a string");
+        throw boost::python::argument_error();
+    }
+    return std::string(PyString_AsString(p), PyString_Size(p));
 }
 
 bool from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<bool>)

src/cross_module.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/* (C) Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001. Permission to copy, use,
+   modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+   copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+   "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
+   its suitability for any purpose.
+
+   Revision History:
+     17 Apr 01 merged into boost CVS trunk (Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+*/
+
+# include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+# include <stdio.h> // MSVC6.0SP4 does not know std::fprintf
+# include <string.h> // MSVC6.0SP4 does not know std::strcmp
+
+namespace {
+
+  PyObject* get_module_dict(const char* module_name)
+  {
+      python::ref module_obj(PyImport_ImportModule((char*) module_name));
+      PyObject* module_dict = PyModule_GetDict(module_obj.get());
+      if (module_dict == 0) throw python::import_error();
+      return module_dict;
+  }
+}
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
+
+const char* converters_attribute_name = "__converters__";
+
+void* import_converter_object(const std::string& module_name,
+                              const std::string& py_class_name,
+                              const std::string& attribute_name)
+{
+    static std::string err;
+    PyObject* module_dict = get_module_dict(const_cast<char*>(module_name.c_str()));
+    PyObject* py_class = PyDict_GetItemString(module_dict, const_cast<char*>(py_class_name.c_str()));
+    if (py_class == 0) {
+        err = std::string("module ") + module_name + " has no attribute " + py_class_name;
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, const_cast<char*>(err.c_str()));
+        throw python::import_error();
+    }
+    python::ref c_obj(PyObject_GetAttrString(py_class, const_cast<char*>(attribute_name.c_str())), ref::null_ok);
+    if (c_obj.get() == 0) {
+        err = std::string("object ") + module_name + "." + py_class_name
+              + " has no attribute " + attribute_name;
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, const_cast<char*>(err.c_str()));
+        throw python::import_error();
+    }
+    if (! PyCObject_Check(c_obj.get())) {
+        err = std::string("object ") + module_name + "." + py_class_name + "."
+              + attribute_name + " is not a PyCObject";
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, const_cast<char*>(err.c_str()));
+        throw python::import_error();
+    }
+    return PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(c_obj.get());
+}
+
+void check_export_converters_api(const int importing_major,
+                                 const int importing_minor,
+                                 const int imported_major,
+                                 const int imported_minor)
+{
+    if (importing_major != imported_major) {
+        // Python uses fprintf(stderr, ...) for API warnings.
+        fprintf(stderr,
+          "Fatal: export_converters_api mismatch:"
+          " Importing module = %d.%d"
+          " Imported module = %d.%d\n",
+          importing_major, importing_minor,
+          imported_major, imported_minor);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+          "Fatal: export_converters_api mismatch");
+        throw import_error();
+    }
+    if (importing_minor != imported_minor) {
+        // Python uses fprintf(stderr, ...) for API warnings.
+        fprintf(stderr,
+          "Warning: export_converters_api mismatch:"
+          " Importing module = %d.%d"
+          " Imported module = %d.%d\n",
+          importing_major, importing_minor,
+          imported_major, imported_minor);
+    }
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::detail

src/extension_class.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 //
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
+//
+// Revision History:
+// 04 Mar 01  Use PyObject_INIT() instead of trying to hand-initialize (David Abrahams)
 
 #include <boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -46,24 +49,19 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { 
 
-namespace detail {
+tuple standard_coerce(ref l, ref r)
+{
+    // Introduced sequence points for exception-safety.
+    ref first(detail::operator_dispatcher::create(l, l));
+    
+    ref second(r->ob_type == &detail::operator_dispatcher::type_obj
+               ? r
+               : ref(detail::operator_dispatcher::create(r, ref())));
 
-  tuple extension_class_coerce(ref l, ref r)
-  {
-      // Introduced sequence points for exception-safety.
-      ref first(operator_dispatcher::create(l, l));
-      ref second;
-      
-      if(r->ob_type == &operator_dispatcher::type_obj)
-      {
-           second = r;
-      }
-      else
-      {
-           second = ref(operator_dispatcher::create(r, ref()));
-      }
-      return boost::python::tuple(first, second);
-  }
+    return tuple(first, second);
+}
+
+namespace detail {
 
   enum { unwrap_exception_code = -1000 };
 
@@ -451,8 +449,8 @@ operator_dispatcher::operator_dispatcher(const ref& o, const ref& s)
     : m_object(o), m_self(s), m_free_list_link(0)
 
 {
-    ob_refcnt = 1;
-    ob_type = &type_obj;
+    PyObject* self = this;
+    PyObject_INIT(self, &type_obj);
 }
 
 operator_dispatcher* 
@@ -465,7 +463,9 @@ operator_dispatcher::create(const ref& object, const ref& self)
     free_list = result->m_free_list_link;
     result->m_object = object;
     result->m_self = self;
-    Py_INCREF(result);
+
+    PyObject* result_as_pyobject = result;
+    PyObject_INIT(result_as_pyobject, &type_obj);
     return result;
 }
 

src/functions.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 //
 //  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
 //  producing this work.
+//
+// Revision History:
+// Mar 01 01  Use PyObject_INIT() instead of trying to hand-initialize (David Abrahams)
 
 #include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
 #include <boost/python/detail/types.hpp>
@@ -97,19 +100,6 @@ PyObject* function::call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const
     return 0;
 }
 
-bound_function* bound_function::create(const ref& target, const ref& fn)
-{
-    bound_function* const result = free_list;
-    if (result == 0)
-        return new bound_function(target, fn);
-    
-    free_list = result->m_free_list_link;
-    result->m_target = target;
-    result->m_unbound_function = fn;
-    Py_INCREF(result);
-    return result;
-}
-
 // The instance class whose obj represents the type of bound_function
 // objects in Python. bound_functions must be GetAttrable so the __doc__
 // attribute of built-in Python functions can be accessed when bound.
@@ -123,6 +113,21 @@ private: // type_object<bound_function> hook override
     void dealloc(bound_function*) const;
 };
 
+bound_function* bound_function::create(const ref& target, const ref& fn)
+{
+    bound_function* const result = free_list;
+    if (result == 0)
+        return new bound_function(target, fn);
+    
+    free_list = result->m_free_list_link;
+    result->m_target = target;
+    result->m_unbound_function = fn;
+
+    PyObject* self = result;
+    PyObject_INIT(self, type_object::instance());
+    return result;
+}
+
 bound_function::bound_function(const ref& target, const ref& fn)
     : python_object(type_object::instance()),
       m_target(target),

src/gen_all.py

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ from gen_singleton import *
 from gen_extclass import *
 
 def gen_all(args):
-    open('callback.h', 'w').write(gen_callback(args))
-    open('caller.h', 'w').write(gen_caller(args))
-    open('init_function.h', 'w').write(gen_init_function(args))
-    open('signatures.h', 'w').write(gen_signatures(args))
-    open('instance.h', 'w').write(gen_singleton(args))
-    open('extclass.h', 'w').write(gen_extclass(args))
+    open('callback.hpp', 'w').write(gen_callback(args))
+    open('caller.hpp', 'w').write(gen_caller(args))
+    open('init_function.hpp', 'w').write(gen_init_function(args))
+    open('signatures.hpp', 'w').write(gen_signatures(args))
+    open('singleton.hpp', 'w').write(gen_singleton(args))
+    open('extension_class.hpp', 'w').write(gen_extclass(args))
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     import sys

src/gen_extclass.py

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ def gen_extclass(args):
 //  This file automatically generated for %d-argument constructors by
 //  gen_extclass.python
 
+//  Revision History:
+//  17 Apr 01  Comment added with reference to cross_module.hpp (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+//  05 Mar 01  Fixed a bug which prevented auto_ptr values from being converted
+//             to_python (Dave Abrahams)
+
 #ifndef EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
 # define EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
 
@@ -27,6 +32,7 @@ def gen_extclass(args):
 # include <boost/python/detail/init_function.hpp>
 # include <typeinfo>
 # include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python {
 
@@ -66,7 +72,7 @@ T* check_non_null(T* p)
     return p;
 }
 
-template <class T> class held_instance;
+template <class Held> class held_instance;
 
 typedef void* (*conversion_function_ptr)(void*);
 
@@ -138,6 +144,26 @@ class class_registry
     static std::vector<derived_class_info> static_derived_class_info;
 };
 
+template <bool is_pointer>
+struct is_null_helper
+{
+    template <class Ptr>
+    static bool test(Ptr x) { return x == 0; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct is_null_helper<false>
+{
+    template <class Ptr>
+    static bool test(const Ptr& x) { return x.get() == 0; }
+};
+
+template <class Ptr>
+bool is_null(const Ptr& x)
+{
+    return is_null_helper<(is_pointer<Ptr>::value)>::test(x);
+}
+
 }}} // namespace boost::python::detail
 
 BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
@@ -146,6 +172,14 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
 // and U. T is the class the user really intends to wrap. U is a class derived
 // from T with some virtual function overriding boilerplate, or if there are no
 // virtual functions, U = held_instance<T>.
+//
+// A look-alike of this class in root/boost/python/cross_module.hpp
+// is used for the implementation of the cross-module support
+// (export_converters and import_converters). If from_python
+// and to_python converters are added or removed from the class
+// below, the class python_import_extension_class_converters has
+// to be modified accordingly.
+//
 template <class T, class U = boost::python::detail::held_instance<T> >
 class python_extension_class_converters
 {
@@ -183,9 +217,9 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
                 new boost::python::detail::instance_value_holder<T,U>(result.get(), x)));
         return result.release();
     }
-    
-    // Convert to T*
-    friend T* from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
+
+    friend
+    T* non_null_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
     {
         // downcast to an extension_instance, then find the actual T
         boost::python::detail::extension_instance* self = boost::python::detail::get_extension_instance(obj);
@@ -206,9 +240,18 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         throw boost::python::argument_error();
     }
 
-    // Convert to PtrType, where PtrType can be dereferenced to obtain a T.
+    // Convert to T*
+    friend T* from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
+    {
+        if (obj == Py_None)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return non_null_from_python(obj, boost::python::type<T*>());
+    }
+
+    // Extract from obj a mutable reference to the PtrType object which is holding a T.
     template <class PtrType>
-    static PtrType& ptr_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
+    static PtrType& smart_ptr_reference(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
     {
         // downcast to an extension_instance, then find the actual T
         boost::python::detail::extension_instance* self = boost::python::detail::get_extension_instance(obj);
@@ -225,9 +268,29 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         throw boost::python::argument_error();
     }
 
+    // Extract from obj a reference to the PtrType object which is holding a
+    // T. If it weren't for auto_ptr, it would be a constant reference. Do not
+    // modify the referent except by copying an auto_ptr! If obj is None, the
+    // reference denotes a default-constructed PtrType
     template <class PtrType>
-    static PyObject* ptr_to_python(PtrType x)
+    static PtrType& smart_ptr_value(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
     {
+        if (obj == Py_None)
+        {
+            static PtrType null_ptr;
+            return null_ptr;
+        }
+        return smart_ptr_reference(obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>());
+    }
+        
+    template <class PtrType>
+    static PyObject* smart_ptr_to_python(PtrType x)
+    {
+        if (boost::python::detail::is_null(x))
+        {
+            return boost::python::detail::none();
+        }
+        
         boost::python::reference<boost::python::detail::extension_instance> result(create_instance());
         result->add_implementation(
             std::auto_ptr<boost::python::detail::instance_holder_base>(
@@ -259,7 +322,7 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
  
     // Convert to T&
     friend T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T&>)
-        { return *boost::python::detail::check_non_null(from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>())); }
+        { return *boost::python::detail::check_non_null(non_null_from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>())); }
 
     // Convert to const T&
     friend const T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T&>)
@@ -270,28 +333,28 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         { return from_python(p, boost::python::type<T&>()); }
 
     friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_reference(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
     
-    friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+    friend std::auto_ptr<T> from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >)
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
     
     friend const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
 
     friend PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> x)
-        { return ptr_to_python(x); }
+        { return smart_ptr_to_python(x); }
 
     friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_reference(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
     
-    friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+    friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
     
     friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return smart_ptr_value(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
 
     friend PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> x)
-        { return ptr_to_python(x); }
+        { return smart_ptr_to_python(x); }
 };
 
 // Convert T to_python, instantiated on demand and only if there isn't a
@@ -553,6 +616,12 @@ class extension_class
         choose_op<(which & op_and)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_xor)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_or)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_gt)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ge)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_lt)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_le)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_eq)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ne)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_unary_op<(which & op_neg)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_unary_op<(which & op_pos)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
         choose_unary_op<(which & op_abs)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
@@ -582,6 +651,12 @@ class extension_class
         choose_op<(which & op_xor)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_or)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
         choose_op<(which & op_cmp)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_gt)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ge)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_lt)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_le)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_eq)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
+        choose_op<(which & op_ne)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
     }
     
     template <long which, class Left, class Right>
@@ -613,15 +688,15 @@ class extension_class
 
 // A simple wrapper over a T which allows us to use extension_class<T> with a
 // single template parameter only. See extension_class<T>, above.
-template <class T>
-class held_instance : public T
+template <class Held>
+class held_instance : public Held
 {
     // There are no member functions: we want to avoid inadvertently overriding
-    // any virtual functions in T.
+    // any virtual functions in Held.
 public:"""
         + gen_functions("""%{
     template <%(class A%n%:, %)>%}
-    held_instance(PyObject*%(, A%n% a%n%)) : T(%(a%n%:, %)) {}""", args)
+    held_instance(PyObject*%(, A%n% a%n%)) : Held(%(a%n%:, %)) {}""", args)
         + """
 };
 
@@ -707,8 +782,6 @@ class extension_instance : public instance
 // Template function implementations
 //
 
-tuple extension_class_coerce(ref l, ref r);
-
 template <class T, class U>
 extension_class<T, U>::extension_class()
     : extension_class_base(typeid(T).name())
@@ -729,7 +802,7 @@ void extension_class<T, U>::def_standard_coerce()
     ref coerce_fct = dict().get_item(string("__coerce__"));
     
     if(coerce_fct.get() == 0) // not yet defined
-        this->def(&extension_class_coerce, "__coerce__");
+        this->def(&standard_coerce, "__coerce__");
 }
 
 template <class T, class U>

src/gen_init_function.py

@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ namespace detail {
   struct parameter_traits
   {
    private:
-      typedef const_ref_selector<boost::is_reference<T>::value> selector;
+      enum { is_ref = boost::is_reference<T>::value };
+      typedef const_ref_selector<is_ref> selector;
    public:
       typedef typename selector::template const_ref<T>::type const_reference;
   };