module, class_ .def dispatching

[SVN r14963]

Jamfile

@@ -4,8 +4,22 @@ subproject libs/python ;
 SEARCH on <module@>python.jam = $(BOOST_BUILD_PATH) ;
 include <module@>python.jam ;
 
+local bpl-ldflags ;
+
+if $(UNIX) && ( $(OS) = AIX )
+{
+    bpl-linkflags = <linkflags>"-e initlibbpl" ;
+}
+
 dll bpl
   : 
+  src/list.cpp
+  src/long.cpp
+  src/dict.cpp
+  src/tuple.cpp
+  src/str.cpp
+
+  src/aix_init_module.cpp
   src/converter/from_python.cpp
   src/converter/registry.cpp
   src/converter/type_id.cpp
@@ -13,12 +27,16 @@ dll bpl
   src/object/function.cpp
   src/object/inheritance.cpp
   src/object/life_support.cpp
+  src/object/pickle_support.cpp
   src/errors.cpp
   src/module.cpp
-  src/objects.cpp
   src/converter/builtin_converters.cpp
-  src/converter/callback.cpp
+  src/converter/arg_to_python_base.cpp
+  src/object/iterator.cpp
+  src/object_protocol.cpp
+  src/object_operators.cpp
   :
   $(BOOST_PYTHON_V2_PROPERTIES)
     <define>BOOST_PYTHON_SOURCE
+    $(bpl-linkflags)
     ;

build/Jamfile

@@ -89,11 +89,12 @@ local CPP_SOURCES =
   ;
 
 lib boost_python_static : ../src/$(CPP_SOURCES).cpp
-    # requirements
-    : $(BOOST_PYTHON_INCLUDES)
+  # requirements
+  : $(BOOST_PYTHON_INCLUDES)
     <shared-linkable>true
-      <define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB=1
-        [ difference $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) : <define>BOOST_PYTHON_DYNAMIC_LIB ] 
+    <define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB=1
+    [ difference $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) : <define>BOOST_PYTHON_DYNAMIC_LIB ] 
+      : <suppress>true # don't build this unless the user asks for it by name
       ;
 
 dll boost_python
@@ -106,6 +107,14 @@ dll boost_python
 	$(PYTHON_PROPERTIES)
           ;
 
+stage bin-stage : <dll>boost_python
+    :
+        <tag><debug>"_debug"
+        <tag><debug-python>"_pydebug"
+    :
+        debug release
+    ;
+
 ############# comprehensive module and test ###########
 bpl-test boost_python_test
       : ../test/comprehensive.cpp ;

build/__init__.py

@@ -3,15 +3,20 @@
 
 if ! $(gNO_PYTHON_INSTALL)
 {
-    ECHO "Couldn't find Python $(PYTHON_VERSION) installation in $(PYTHON_ROOT)" ;
+    ECHO "---------------------------------------------------------------------" ;
     ECHO skipping Boost.Python library build ;
     ECHO You can configure the location of your python installation, by setting: ;
-    ECHO PYTHON_ROOT - currently \"$(PYTHON_ROOT)\" ;
-    ECHO PYTHON_VERSION - currently \"$(PYTHON_VERSION)\" ;
+    ECHO "PYTHON_ROOT    - currently" \"$(PYTHON_ROOT:J=" ")\" ;
+    ECHO "PYTHON_VERSION - The 2-part python Major.Minor version number (e.g." ;
+    ECHO "                 \"2.2\", NOT \"2.2.1\")  - currently" \"$(PYTHON_VERSION)\" ;
     ECHO ;
-    ECHO "The following are automatically configured from PYTHON_ROOT if not otherwise set" ;
-    ECHO "    PYTHON_INCLUDES    - path to Python #include directories; currently" \"$(PYTHON_INCLUDES)\" ;
-    ECHO "    PYTHON_LIB_PATH    - path to Python library; currently" \"$(PYTHON_LIB_PATH)\" ;
-    ECHO "    PYTHON_STDLIB_PATH - path to Python standard library modules; currently" \"$(PYTHON_STDLIB_PATH)\" ;
+    ECHO "The following are automatically configured from PYTHON_ROOT if not" ;
+    ECHO "otherwise set:" ;
+    ECHO "    PYTHON_INCLUDES    - path to Python #include directories; currently" \"$(PYTHON_INCLUDES:J=" ")\" ;
+    ECHO "    PYTHON_LIB_PATH    - path to Python library; currently" ;
+    ECHO "                         " \"$(PYTHON_LIB_PATH:J=" ")\" ;
+    ECHO "    PYTHON_STDLIB_PATH - path to Python standard library modules; currently" ;
+    ECHO "                         " \"$(PYTHON_STDLIB_PATH:J=" ")\" ;
+    ECHO "---------------------------------------------------------------------" ;
 }
 gNO_PYTHON_INSTALL ?= true ;

build/example1/example1.dsp

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doc/building.html

@@ -9,172 +9,214 @@
       "../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Building an
       Extension Module</h1>
 
-      <p>The build process for Boost is currently undergoing some evolution,
-      and, it is to be hoped, improvement. The following facts may help:
+      <h2>Building Boost.Python</h2>
 
-      <hr>
-      Makefiles for various platforms and a Visual Studio project
-      reside in the Boost subdirectory <tt>libs/python/build</tt>.
-      Build targets include:
+      <p>Every Boost.Python extension module must be linked with the
+      <code>boost_python</code> shared library. To build
+      <code>boost_python</code>, use <a
+      href="../../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> in the
+      usual way from the <code>libs/python/build</code> subdirectory
+      of your boost installation (if you have already built boost from
+      the top level this may have no effect, since the work is already
+      done). 
+
+      <h3>Configuration</h3>
+        You may need to configure the following variables to point Boost.Build at your Python installation:
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>Variable Name <th>Semantics <th>Default <th>Notes
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>PYTHON_ROOT</code>
+        <td>The root directory of your Python installation
+        <td>Windows:&nbsp;<code>c:/tools/python</code>
+        Unix:&nbsp;<code>/usr/local</code>
+        <td>On Unix, this is the <code>--with-prefix=</code> directory
+        used to configure Python
+
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>PYTHON_VERSION</code>
+        <td>The The 2-part python Major.Minor version number
+        <td>Windows:&nbsp;<code>2.1</code>
+        Unix:&nbsp;<code>1.5</code>
+        <td>Be sure not to include a third number, e.g. <b>not</b>
+        &quot;<code>2.2.1</code>&quot;, even if that's the version you
+        have.
+
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>PYTHON_INCLUDES</code>
+        <td>path to Python <code>#include</code> directories
+        <td>Autoconfigured from <code>PYTHON_ROOT</code>
+
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>PYTHON_LIB_PATH</code>
+        <td>path to Python library object.
+        <td>Autoconfigured from <code>PYTHON_ROOT</code>
+
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>PYTHON_STDLIB_PATH</code>
+        <td>path to Python standard library modules
+        <td>Autoconfigured from <code>PYTHON_ROOT</code>
+
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>CYGWIN_ROOT</code>
+        <td>path to the user's Cygwin installation
+        <td>
+        <td><a href="http://www.cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> only. This and the following two settings are
+        useful when building with multiple toolsets on Windows, since
+        Cygwin requires a different build of Python.
+
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>GCC_PYTHON_ROOT</code>
+        <td>path to the user's Cygwin Python installation
+        <td><code>$(CYGWIN_ROOT)/usr/local</code>
+        <td><a href="http://www.cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> only
+
+   <tr>
+        <td><code>GCC_DEBUG_PYTHON_ROOT</code>
+        <td>path to the user's Cygwin <code><a
+        href="#variants">pydebug</a></code> build
+        <td><code>$(CYGWIN_ROOT)/usr/local/pydebug</code>
+        <td><a href="http://www.cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> only
+
+</table>
+
+<h3>Results</h3>
+      <p>The build process will create a
+      <code>libs/python/build/bin-stage</code> subdirectory of the
+      boost root (or of <code>$(ALL_LOCATE_TARGET)</code>,
+      if you have set that variable), containing the built
+      libraries. The libraries are actually built to unique
+      directories for each toolset and variant elsewhere in the
+      filesystem, and copied to the
+      <code>bin-stage</code> directory as a convenience, so if you
+      build with multiple toolsets at once, the product of later
+      toolsets will overwrite that of earlier toolsets in
+      <code>bin-stage</code>.
+
+<h3>Testing</h3>
+      <p>To build and test Boost.Python from within the
+      <code>libs/python/build</code> directory, invoke
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+bjam -sTOOLS=<i><a href="../../../tools/build/index.html#Tools">toolset</a></i> test
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+This will
+update all of the Boost.Python v1 test and example targets. The tests
+are relatively quiet by default. To get more-verbose output, you might try
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+bjam -sTOOLS=<i><a href="../../../tools/build/index.html#Tools">toolset</a></i> -sPYTHON_TEST_ARGS=-v test
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+which will print each test's Python code with the expected output as
+it passes.
+
+<h2>Building your Extension Module</h2>
+
+      Though there are other approaches, the easiest way to build an
+      extension module using Boost.Python is with Boost.Build. Until
+      Boost.Build v2 is released, cross-project build dependencies are
+      not supported, so it works most smoothly if you add a new
+      subproject to your boost installation. The
+      <code>libs/python/example</code> subdirectory of your boost
+      installation contains a minimal example (along with many extra
+      sources). To copy the example subproject:
+
+      <ol>
+      <li>Create a new subdirectory in, <code>libs/python</code>, say
+      <code>libs/python/my_project</code>.
+
+      <li>Copy <code><a
+      href="../example/Jamfile">libs/python/example/Jamfile</a></code>
+      to your new directory.
+
+      <li>Edit the Jamfile as appropriate for your project. You'll
+      want to change the &quot;<code>subproject</code>&quot; rule
+      invocation at the top, and the names of some of the source files
+      and/or targets.
+
+      </ol>
+
+      If you can't modify or copy your boost installation, the
+      alternative is to create your own Boost.Build project. A similar
+      example you can use as a starting point is available in <code><a
+      href="../example/project.zip">this archive</a></code>. You'll
+      need to edit the Jamfile and Jamrules files, depending on the
+      relative location of your Boost installation and the new
+      project. Note that automatic testing of extension modules is not
+      available in this configuration.
+
+<h2><a name="variants">Build Variants</a></h2>
+
+      Three <a
+      href="../../../tools/build/build_system.htm#variants">variant</a>
+      configurations of all python-related targets are supported, and
+      can be selected by setting the <code><a
+      href="../../../tools/build/build_system.htm#user_globals">BUILD</a></code>
+      variable:
 
       <ul>
-        <li>The <tt>boost_python</tt> library for static linking with your
-        extension module. On the various Unices, this library will be
-        called <tt>libboost_python.a</tt>. When using Visual C++, the
-        library will be called <tt>boost_python.lib</tt>.
+        <li><code>release</code> (optimization, <tt>-DNDEBUG</tt>)
 
-        <p>
-        <li>A comprehensive test of Boost.Python features. This test builds
-        a Boost.Python extension module, then runs Python to import the
-        module, and runs a series of tests on it using <tt><a href=
-        "../test/doctest.py">doctest</a></tt>. Source code for the module
-        and tests is available in the Boost subdirectory
-        <tt>libs/python/test</tt>.
+        <li><code>debug</code> (no optimization <tt>-D_DEBUG</tt>)
 
-        <p>
-        <li>Various examples from the Boost subdirectory
-        <tt>libs/python/example</tt>.
-        All these examples include a doctest modeled
-        on the comprehensive test above.
-
-      </ul>
-
-      <hr>
-      There is a group of makefiles with support for simultaneous
-      compilation on multiple platforms and a consistent set of
-      features that build the <tt>boost_python</tt> library for static
-      linking, the comprehensive test, and all examples in
-      <tt>libs/python/example</tt>:
-
-      <ul>
-        <li><a href="../build/vc60.mak">vc60.mak</a>:
-        Visual C++ 6.0 Service Pack 4
-
-        <li><a href="../build/mingw32.mak">mingw32.mak</a>:
-        mingw32 (Win32-targeted) gcc 2.95.2
-
-        <li><a href="../build/linux_gcc.mak">linux_gcc.mak</a>:
-        gcc 2.95.2 on Linux/Unix
-
-        <li><a href="../build/tru64_cxx.mak">tru64_cxx.mak</a>:
-        Compaq Alpha using the Compaq cxx compiler
-
-        <li><a href="../build/irix_CC.mak">irix_CC.mak</a>:
-        Silicon Graphics IRIX 6.5 CC compiler
-
-      </ul>
-      <a href="http://cctbx.sourceforge.net/page_installation_adv.html#installation_boost_python"
-      >Usage of these makefiles is described here.</a>
-
-      <hr>
-      There is another group of makefiles for GNU make.
-      These makefiles are less redundant than the makefiles
-      in the group above,
-      but the list of compilation targets is not as complete
-      and there is no support for simultaneous compilation
-      on multiple platforms.
-
-      <ul>
-        <li><a href="../build/como.mak">como.mak</a>:
-        Comeau C++ on Linux
-
-        <li><a href="../build/gcc.mak">gcc.mak</a>:
-        GCC on Linux/Unix.
-
-      </ul>
-
-      <hr>
-      A project workspace for Microsoft Visual Studio is provided at <tt><a
-      href="../build/build.dsw">libs/python/build/build.dsw</a></tt>. The
-      include paths for this project may need to be changed for your
-      installation. They currently assume that python has been installed at
-      <tt>c:\tools\python</tt>. Three configurations of all targets are
-      supported:
-
-      <ul>
-        <li>Release (optimization, <tt>-DNDEBUG</tt>)
-
-        <li>Debug (no optimization <tt>-D_DEBUG</tt>)
-
-        <li>DebugPython (no optimization, <tt>-D_DEBUG
+        <li><code>debug-python</code> (no optimization, <tt>-D_DEBUG
         -DBOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt>)
       </ul>
 
-      <p>When extension modules are built with Visual C++ using
+      <p>The first two variants of the <code>boost_python</code>
+      library are built by default, and are compatible with the
+      default Python distribution. The <code>debug-python</code>
+      variant corresponds to a specially-built debugging version of
+      Python. On Unix platforms, this python is built by adding
+      <code>--with-pydebug</code> when configuring the Python
+      build. On Windows, the debugging version of Python is generated
+      by the &quot;Win32 Debug&quot; target of the
+      <code>PCBuild.dsw</code> Visual C++ 6.0 project in the
+      <code>PCBuild</code> subdirectory of your Python distribution.
+
+      Extension modules built with Python debugging enabled are <b>not
+      link-compatible</b> with a non-debug build of Python. Since few
+      people actually have a debug build of Python (it doesn't come
+      with the standard distribution), the normal
+      <code>debug</code> variant builds modules which are compatible
+      with ordinary Python.
+
+
+      <p>On many windows compilers, when extension modules are built
+      with
       <tt>-D_DEBUG</tt>, Python defaults to <i>force</i> linking with a
       special debugging version of the Python DLL. Since this debug DLL
       isn't supplied with the default Python installation for Windows,
       Boost.Python uses <tt><a href=
       "../../../boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp">boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp</a></tt>
       to temporarily undefine <tt>_DEBUG</tt> when <tt>Python.h</tt> is
-      <tt>#include</tt>d.
+      <tt>#include</tt>d - unless <code>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</code> is defined.
 
-      <p>If you want the extra runtime checks available with the debugging
-      version of the library, <tt>#define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt> to
-      re-enable library forcing, and link with the DebugPython version of
-      <tt>boost_python.lib</tt>. You'll need to get the debugging version
-      of the Python executable (<tt>python_d.exe</tt>) and DLL
-      (<tt>python20_d.dll</tt> or <tt>python15_d.dll</tt>). The Python
-      sources include project files for building these. If you <a href=
-      "http://www.python.org">download</a> them, change the name of the
-      top-level directory to <tt>src</tt>, and install it under
-      <tt>c:\tools\python</tt>, the workspace supplied by Boost.Python will
-      be able to use it without modification. Just open
-      <tt>c:\tools\python\src\pcbuild\pcbuild.dsw</tt> and invoke "build
-      all" to generate all the debugging targets.
+      <p>If you want the extra runtime checks available with the
+      debugging version of the library, <tt>#define
+      BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt> to re-enable python debuggin, and link
+      with the <code>debug-python</code> variant of
+      <tt>boost_python</tt>. 
 
       <p>If you do not <tt>#define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt>, be sure that
-      any source files <tt>#include &lt;<a href=
+      any source files in your extension module <tt>#include &lt;<a href=
           "../../../boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp">boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp</a>&gt;</tt>
       instead of the usual <tt>Python.h</tt>, or you will have link
       incompatibilities.<br>
 
-      <hr>
-      If your platform isn't directly supported, you can build a static
-      library from the following source files (in the Boost subdirectory
-      <tt>libs/python/src</tt>), or compile them directly and link the
-      resulting objects into your extension module:
-
-      <ul>
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/classes.cpp">classes.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/conversions.cpp">conversions.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/cross_module.cpp">cross_module.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/extension_class.cpp">extension_class.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/functions.cpp">functions.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/init_function.cpp">init_function.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/module_builder.cpp">module_builder.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/objects.cpp">objects.cpp</a>
-
-        <li><a href=
-        "../../../libs/python/src/types.cpp">types.cpp</a>
-      </ul>
-
       <hr>
       Next: <a href="enums.html">Wrapping Enums</a> Previous: <a href=
       "under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a> Up: <a href=
       "index.html">Top</a>
 
       <hr>
-      <p>&copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      <p>&copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use, modify,
       sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
       notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
       express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
       any purpose.
 
-      <p>Updated: Apr 17, 2001 (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+      <p>Updated: May 15, 2002 (David Abrahams)
     </div>

doc/index.html

@@ -18,6 +18,21 @@
       <em>should</em> simply ``reflect'' your C++ classes and functions into
       Python. 
 
+      <p>
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><td> <b>Note:</b> this is the last official release of
+Boost.Python v1. Development of this version of the library has
+stopped; it will be retired soon in favor of the redesigned and
+improved version 2. A summary of the development goals is available on
+the Python <a href="http://www.python.org/sigs/c++-sig/">C++-sig</a>
+page, which also serves as a mailing list for users of both versions
+of the library. A preview of the v2 documentation is available <a
+href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/boost/boost/libs/python/doc/v2/index.html?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/html">here</a>,
+and instructions for getting started with a prerelease are available
+upon request.
+</table>
+
 <h2>Supported Platforms</h2>
 <p>Boost.Python is known to have been tested
 against <a href="http://www.python/org/2.2.1">Python 2.2.1</a> using

doc/inheritance.html

@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(my_module)
     python::module_builder my_module("my_module");                            
                                                                               
     python::class_builder<Base> base_class(my_module, "Base");          
-    base_class.def(python::constructor<void>());                        
+    base_class.def(python::constructor<>());                        
                                                                               
     python::class_builder<Derived> derived_class(my_module, "Derived"); 
-    derived_class.def(python::constructor<void>());                     
+    derived_class.def(python::constructor<>());                     
     <b>// Establish the inheritance relationship between Base and Derived     
     derived_class.declare_base(base_class);</b>                               
                                                                               
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ struct Derived2 { int f(); };
 <hr>
    ...
    python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base2_class(my_module, "Base2");
-   base2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+   base2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
 
    python::class_builder&lt;Derived2&gt; derived2_class(my_module, "Derived2");
-   derived2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+   derived2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
    derived_class.declare_base(base_class, <b>python::without_downcast</b>);
 </pre>
 </blockquote>

doc/v2/Apr2002.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ more-sophisticated overloading mechanism than the current
 simple-minded &quot;first match&quot; approach, as I suggested <a
 href="Mar2002.html#implicit_conversions">last month</a>.
 
-<h3><a name="v1">Boost.Python V1 Mainenance</a></h3>
+<h3><a name="v1">Boost.Python V1 Maintenance</a></h3>
 
 As much as I'm looking forward to retiring Boost.Python v1, a
 significant amount of effort has been being spent dealing with support

doc/v2/CallPolicies.html

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - CallPolicies Concept</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+      <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">CallPolicies Concept</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+<dl class="page-index"> 
+  <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#composition">CallPolicies Composition</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#concept-requirements">Concept Requirements</a></dt>
+  <dl class="page-index"> 
+    <dt><a href="#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies Concept</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+</dl>
+
+<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>Models of the CallPolicies concept are used to specialize the
+behavior of Python callable objects generated by Boost.Python to
+wrapped C++ objects like function and member function
+pointers, providing three behaviors:
+<ol>
+<li> <code>precall</code> - Python argument tuple management before
+the wrapped object is invoked
+<li> <code>result_converter</code> - C++ return value handling
+<li> <code>postcall</code> - Python argument tuple and result
+management after the wrapped object is invoked
+</ol>
+
+<h2><a name="composition"></a>CallPolicies Composition</h2>
+
+In order to allow the use of multiple models of CallPolicies in the
+same callable object, Boost.Python's CallPolicies class templates
+provide a chaining interface which allows them to be recursively
+composed. This interface takes the form of an optional template
+parameter, <code>Base</code> which defaults to <a
+href="default_call_policies.html#default_call_policies-spec">
+<code>default_call_policies</code></a>.  By convention, the
+<code>precall</code> function of the
+<code>Base</code> is invoked <i>after</i> the <code>precall</code>
+function supplied by the outer template, and the <code>postcall</code>
+function of the <code>Base</code> is invoked <i>before</i> the
+<code>postcall</code> function of the outer template. If a
+<code>result_converter</code> is supplied by the outer template, it
+<i>replaces</i> any <code>result_converter</code> supplied by the
+<code>Base</code>. For an example, see <a
+href="return_internal_reference.html#return_internal_reference-spec">
+<code>return_internal_reference</code></a>.
+
+<h2><a name="concept-requirements"></a>Concept Requirements</h2>
+<h3><a name="CallPolicies-concept"></a>CallPolicies Concept</h3>
+
+<p>In the table below, <code><b>x</b></code> denotes an object whose
+type <code><b>P</b></code> is a model of CallPolicies,
+<code><b>a</b></code> denotes a <code>PyObject*</code> pointing to
+a Python argument tuple object, and <code><b>r</b></code> denotes a
+<code>PyObject*</code> referring to a &quot;preliminary&quot; result
+object.
+
+<table summary="CallPolicies expressions" border="1" cellpadding="5">
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Expression</b></td>
+    <td><b>Type</b></td>
+    <td><b>Result/Semantics</b></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>x.precall(a)</code></td>
+    <td>convertible  to <code>bool</code>
+    <td>returns <code>false</code> and <code><a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-71">PyErr_Occurred</a>()&nbsp;!=&nbsp;0</code>
+    upon failure, <code>true</code> otherwise.
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>P::result_converter</code></td>
+    <td>A model of <a href="ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a>.
+    <td>An MPL unarymetafunction object used produce the
+    &quot;preliminary&quot result object.
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>x.postcall(a, r)</code></td>
+    <td>convertible  to <code>PyObject*</code>
+    <td>0 <code>0</code> and <code><a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-71">PyErr_Occurred</a>()&nbsp;!=&nbsp;0</code>
+    upon failure. Must &quot;conserve references&quot; even in the
+    event of an exception. In other words, if <code>r</code> is not
+    returned, its reference count must be decremented; if another
+    existing object is returned, its reference count must be
+    incremented.
+</table>
+
+Models of CallPolicies are required to be <a
+href="../../../utility/CopyConstructible.html">CopyConstructible</a>.
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  19 May, 2002
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+
+<p>Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
+ and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+ in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+ warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/Dereferenceable.html

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - Dereferenceable Concept</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+      <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">Dereferenceable Concept</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+<dl class="page-index"> 
+  <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#concept-requirements">Concept Requirements</a></dt>
+  <dl class="page-index"> 
+    <dt><a href="#Dereferenceable-concept">Dereferenceable Concept</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+</dl>
+
+<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>Instances of a dereferenceable type can be used like a pointer to access an lvalue.
+
+<h2><a name="concept-requirements"></a>Concept Requirements</h2>
+<h3><a name="Dereferenceable-concept"></a>Dereferenceable Concept</h3>
+
+<p>In the table below, <code><b>x</b></code> denotes an object whose
+type is a model of Dereferenceable.
+
+<table summary="Dereferenceable expressions" border="1" cellpadding="5">
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Expression</b></td>
+    <td><b>Requirements</b></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>*x</code></td>
+    <td>An lvalue
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  10 May, 2002
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+
+<p>Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
+ and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+ in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+ warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/Extractor.html

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - Extractor Concept</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+      <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">Extractor Concept</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+<dl class="page-index"> 
+  <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#concept-requirements">Concept Requirements</a></dt>
+  <dl class="page-index"> 
+    <dt><a href="#Extractor-concept">Extractor Concept</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+  <dt><a href="#notes">Notes</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>An Extractor is a class which Boost.Python can use to extract C++
+objects from Python objects, and is typically used by facilities that
+define <code>from_python</code> conversions for
+&quot;traditional&quot; Python extension types. 
+
+<h2><a name="concept-requirements"></a>Concept Requirements</h2>
+<h3><a name="Extractor-concept"></a>Extractor Concept</h3>
+
+<p>In the table below, <code><b>X</b></code> denotes a model of
+Extractor and <code><b>a</b></code> denotes an instance of a Python
+object type.
+
+<table summary="Extractor expressions" border="1" cellpadding="5">
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Expression</b></td>
+    <td><b>Type</b></td>
+    <td><b>Semantics</b></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>X::execute(a)</code></td>
+    <td>non-void
+    <td>Returns the C++ object being extracted. The
+    <code>execute</code> function must not be overloaded.
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>&amp;a.ob_type</code>
+    <td><code><a
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ext/dnt-type-methods.html">PyTypeObject</a>**</code>
+    <td>Points to the <code>ob_type</code> field of an object which is
+    layout-compatible with <code>PyObject</code>
+  </tr>
+
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<h2><a name="notes"></a>Notes</h2>
+
+Informally, an Extractor's <code>execute</code> member must be a
+non-overloaded static function whose single argument is a Python
+object type. Acceptable Python object types include those publicly (and
+unambiguously) derived from <code>PyObject</code>, and POD types which
+are layout-compatible with PyObject.
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  22 May, 2002
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+
+<p>Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
+ and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+ in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+ warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/HolderGenerator.html

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - Holder Concept</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+      <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">HolderGenerator Concept</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+<dl class="page-index"> 
+  <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#concept-requirements">Concept Requirements</a></dt>
+  <dl class="page-index"> 
+    <dt><a href="#HolderGenerator-concept">HolderGenerator Concept</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+</dl>
+
+<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>A HolderGenerator is a unary metafunction class which returns types
+suitable for holding instances of its argument in a wrapped C++ class
+instance.
+
+<h2><a name="concept-requirements"></a>Concept Requirements</h2>
+<h3><a name="HolderGenerator-concept"></a>HolderGenerator Concept</h3>
+
+<p>In the table below, <code><b>G</b></code> denotes an type which
+models HolderGenerator, and <code><b>X</b></code> denotes a class
+type.
+
+<table summary="Holder expressions" border="1" cellpadding="5">
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Expression</b></td>
+    <td><b>Requirements</b></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>G::apply&lt;X&gt;::type</code></td>
+    <td>A concrete subclass of <a
+    href="instance_holder.html#instance_holder-spec">instance_holder</a>
+    which can hold objects of type <code>X</code>.
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  20 May, 2002
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+
+<p>Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
+ and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+ in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+ warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/Jun2002.html

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - June 2002 Progress Report</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">June 2002 Progress Report</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+<h2>Contents</h2>
+<dl class="index">
+  <dt><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#handle"><code>handle&lt;T&gt;</code></a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#object"><code>object</code></a></dt>
+  <dl class="index">
+    <dt><a href="#operators"><code>object</code> operators</a></dt>
+    <dt><a href="#conversions"><code>object</code> conversions</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+  <dt><a href="#list"><code>list</code></a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#numerics"><code>Numerics</code></a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#community">Community</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#next">What's Next</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<h2><a name="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
+
+July was mostly focused on allowing expressive manipulation of
+individual Python objects, or what Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve calls
+&quot;Writing Python in C++&quot;. The work began with this <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001311.html">posting</a>,
+which outlines the issues and intention.
+
+<h2><a name="handle"><code>handle&lt;T&gt;</code></a></h2>
+
+The most basic element needed was a replacement for the
+<code>reference&lt;&gt;</code> class template and the
+<code>ref</code> typedef from Boost.Python v1, a simple smart
+pointer to a Python object. The old v1 typedef
+&quot;<code>ref</code>&quot; (for
+<code>reference&lt;PyObject&gt;</code>) had to be retired because I
+thought it would be too confusing given the importance of <code><a
+href="../../../bind/ref.html">boost::ref</a>()</code> to this
+library. I began a <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001311.html">discussion</a>of
+possible names, and it was eventually <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001337.html">decided</a>
+to rename <code>reference</code> to <code>handle</code> and supply a
+default argument so that <code>ref</code> could be spelled
+<code>handle&lt;&gt;</code> without an additional typedef. There
+were also some interface changes to make it safer and more-efficient
+to interface with the raw
+<code>PyObject*</code>s forced on us by Python's 'C' API. A
+discussion of those protocols can be found <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001401.html">here</a>.
+
+<h2><a name="handle"><code>object</code></a></h2>
+
+It is intended that users will seldom need or want to work with
+<code>handle&lt;&gt;</code>; its major distinguishing features are
+that it gives direct access to the underlying object representation
+through <code>operator*</code> and <code>operator-&gt;</code>, and
+that can be <code>NULL</code>, both sources of danger. Instead the
+library provides a class called <code>object</code>, which
+encapsulates a valid Python object and provides a similar interface to
+Python's.
+
+<h3><a name="operators"><code>object</code> operators</a></h3>
+
+The first challenge was to provide support for object manipulations
+using a Python-like syntax, mostly in the form of operator overloads:
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>Python <th>C++
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>y = x.foo</code>  <td><code>y = x.attr(&quot;foo&quot;); 
+<tr>
+  <td><code>x.foo = 1</code>  <td><code>x.attr(&quot;foo&quot;) = 1; 
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>y = x[z]</code>  <td><code>y = x[z];
+<tr>
+  <td><code>x[z] = 1</code>  <td><code>x[z] = 1; 
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>y = x[3:-1]</code>  <td><code>y = x.slice(3,-1); 
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>y = x[3:]</code>  <td><code>y = x.slice(3,_); 
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>y = x[:-2]</code>  <td><code>y = x.slice(_,-2); 
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>z = x(1, y)</code>  <td><code>z = x(1, y);
+<tr>
+  <td><code>z = x.f(1, y)</code>  <td><code>z = x.attr(&quot;f&quot;)(1, y);
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>not x</code>  <td><code>!x
+
+<tr>
+  <td><code>x and y</code>  <td><code>x and y
+</table>
+
+I'm still a unsatisfied with the interface for attribute access. There
+original proposal  used a syntax like this one:
+<pre>
+y = x._(&quot;foo&quot;); 
+x._(&quot;foo&quot;) = 1; 
+</pre>
+
+which was only marginally better than what we've got. Niki Spahiev
+then <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001447.html">pointed
+out</a> a potential conflict with the macro which GNU Gettext <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org/manual/gettext/html_mono/gettext.html#SEC6">suggests</a>
+people define. This unfortunate state of affairs forced us into using
+<code>attr</code> instead. I'd still like to find a better interface,
+but the lack of overloadable C++ operators which aren't already used
+in Python is an obstacle. The comma operator is still a possibility,
+but it has the wrong precedence:
+<pre>
+y = x,&quot;foo&quot;    // error
+x,&quot;foo&quot; = 1;   // error
+
+y = (x,&quot;foo&quot;); // ok
+(x,&quot;foo&quot;) = 1; // ok
+</pre>
+
+Well, I guess we could consider adding that to the interface without
+removing <code>attr()</code>, to see how it plays out...
+
+<h3><a name="operators"><code>object</code> conversions</a></h3>
+
+The <code>object</code> class also provided an opportunity to replace
+Boost.Python v1's <code>to_python()</code> as a user-level
+interface. Instead, <code>object</code> has a templated constructor
+which can be used to convert any C++ object to Python using the same
+underlying mechanisms used for the arguments to <code><a
+href="call.html">call</a>&lt;&gt;</code>.
+
+<p>Incidentally, the implementation of operator and conversion support
+for object uncovered an inordinate number of compiler bugs in our
+targeted platforms. It was a lot more &quot;interesting&quot; than it
+should have been.
+
+<h2><a name="list"><code>list</code></a></h2>
+
+With <code>object</code> implemented, it was time to begin replacing
+the ad-hoc implementations of <code>list</code>, <code>string</code>,
+and <code>dictionary</code> supplied by Boost.Python v1 with something
+more robust. I started with <code>list</code> as an example. Because
+<code>object</code> already provides all of the requisite operators,
+publicly deriving <code>list</code> from object seemed like a good
+choice. The remaining issues were what do do about the one-argument
+list constructor (which in Python attempts to convert its argument to
+a list), and how to deal converting with <code>list</code> arguments
+to wrapped functions. Some of the issues are laid out in <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001551.html">this
+thread</a>. Ultimately, it was decided that <code>list(x)</code>
+should do the same thing in C++ as in Python (conversion), while
+<code>list</code> arguments should only match Python
+<code>list</code>s (and <code>list</code> subclasses). The
+implementation worked well, and provided a <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001586.html">roadmap</a>
+for the protocol to be used for implementation of the other built-in
+types.
+
+<h2><a name="numerics">Numerics</a></h2>
+
+Support for C++ <code>long long</code> and <code>unsigned long
+long</code>
+(and <code>__int64</code> on MSVC) to/from python conversions was
+added this month. We also improved handling of numeric overflows when
+converting, e.g., a Python int to a type with a more limited range of
+representation.
+
+<h2><a name="community">Community</a></h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve and Nick Sauter have implemented
+<a href="http://cci.lbl.gov/boost/">multiplatform nightly
+build-and-test</a> runs for Boost.Python V2 at LBL.
+
+<li>Dave Hawkes has made significant progress on generating the
+Python <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-June/001503.html">built-in
+function and API wrappers</a>
+
+<li>Achim Domma has agreed to take up the job of implementing the
+<code>str</code>, <code>dict</code>, and <code>tuple</code> classes.
+</ul>
+
+Deep thanks to all the Boost.Python contributors! This project
+wouldn't be possible without your participation.
+
+  <h2><a name="next">What's Next</a></h2>
+
+As I write this we are already well into the month of July, so I
+suggest you consult the <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-July/">Mailing
+List Archive</a> if you want to know what's been happening. Otherwise
+you'll just have to wait till next month (hopefully the beginning).
+
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  19 July, 2002 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+<p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 
+  2002. All Rights Reserved.</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/Mar2002.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/May2002.html

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - May 2002 Progress Report</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">May 2002 Progress Report</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+<h2>Contents</h2>
+<dl class="index">
+  <dt><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#features">New Features</a></dt>
+  <dl>
+    <dt><a href="#aix_shared">Shared Library Support for AIX</a><dd>
+    <dt><a href="#class_enhancements">Class Enhancements</a><dd>
+    <dl>
+      <dt><a href="#operators">Operators</a><dd>
+      <dt><a href="#iterators">Iterators</a><dd>
+      <dt><a href="#properties">Properties</a><dd>
+      <dt><a href="#setattr">setattr</a><dd>
+      <dt><a href="#module">__module__ Attribute</a><dd>
+    </dl>
+    <dt><a href="#back_reference">back_reference</a><dd>
+ </dl>
+
+  <dt><a href="#documentation">Documentation</a></dt>
+   <dt><a href="#misc">Miscellaneous</a></dt>
+  <dl class="index">
+    <dt><a href="#converters">Converters</a></dt>
+    <dt><a href="#checkins">Checkins Mailing List</a></dt>
+    <dt><a href="#shared">Shared Libraries</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+
+  <dt><a href="#next">What's Next</a></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<h2><a name="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
+
+Aside from library development, work on Boost.Python in May was
+focused on reducing the support burden. In recent weeks, responding to
+requests for support, espcially surrounding building the library, had
+begun to impede progress on development. There was a major push to
+release a stable 1.28.0 of Boost, including documentation of <a
+href="../../../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> and specific
+<a href="../building.html">instructions</a> for building Boost.Python
+v1. The documentation for Boost.Python v2 was also updated as
+described <a href="#documentation">here</a>.
+
+<h2><a name="features">New Features</a></h2>
+
+  <h3><a name="aix_shared">Shared Library Support for AIX</a></h3>
+
+  The Kull group required the ability to build and test Boost.Python
+  extensions on AIX, a platform with &quot;creatively designed&quot;
+  shared library semantics. Making this work was a multi-pronged
+  effort, involving changes to Boost.Build and some great research by
+  Martin Casado which uncovered the key mechanism required to allow
+  shared libraries to use functions from the Python executable. The
+  current solution used in Boost.Build relies on a <a
+  href="../../../../tools/build/gen_aix_import_file.py">Python
+  Script</a> as part of the build process. This is not a problem for
+  Boost.Python, as Python will be available. However, the commands
+  issued by the script are so simple that a 100%-pure-Boost.Jam
+  solution is surely possible. Linking on AIX is sufficiently
+  interesting to have skewed the Boost.Python development schedule a
+  bit.
+
+  <h3><a name="class_enhancements">Class Enhancements</a></h3>
+
+      <h4><a name="operators">Operators</a></h4>
+
+Support for exposing C++ operators and functions as the corresponding
+Python special methods was added. Thinking that the Boost.Python
+<a href="../special.html#numeric">v1 interface</a> was a little too
+esoteric (especially the use of
+<code>left_operand&lt;...&gt;/right_operand&lt;...&gt;</code> for
+asymmetric operands), I introduced a simple form of <a
+href="http://osl.iu.edu/~tveldhui/papers/Expression-Templates/exprtmpl.html">expression
+templates</a> which allow users to simply write the expressions that
+should be wrapped, as in this <a href="operators.html#examples">example</a>.
+
+      <h4><a name="iterators">Iterators</a></h4>
+
+Python iterator support as required by the Kull project resulted in a
+highly flexible interface allowing:
+
+<dl>
+
+<dt>Direct exposure of a class' <code>begin()</code> and
+<code>end()</code> functions:
+
+<pre>
+    ...
+    .def(&quot;__iter__&quot;, iterator&lt;list_int&gt;())
+</pre>
+<dd>
+
+<dt>Creation of iterators from member functions...
+<pre>
+    ...
+    .def(&quot;__iter__&quot;
+         , range(&amp;my_class::x_begin, &amp;my_class::x_end))
+    )
+</pre>
+<dd>
+
+<dt>...and member data:
+<pre>
+    ...
+    .def(&quot;__iter__&quot;
+         , range(&amp;std::pair&lt;char*,char*&gt;::first, &amp;std::pair&lt;char*,char*&gt;::second))
+    )
+</pre>
+<dd>
+
+<dt>The ability to specify <a
+href="CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a>, e.g. to prevent copying of
+heavyweight values:
+
+<pre>
+    ...
+    .def(&quot;__iter__&quot;, 
+         , range&lt;return_value_policy&lt;copy_non_const_reference&gt; &gt;(
+               &amp;my_sequence&lt;heavy&gt;::begin
+             , &amp;my_sequence&lt;heavy&gt;::end))
+</pre>
+<dd>
+
+</dl>
+
+      <h4><a name="properties">Properties</a></h4>
+
+The Kull iteration interfaces also required the ability to iterate
+over a sequence specified by an instance's attribute:
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; f = field()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; for e in f.elements:
+...     print e,
+</pre>
+
+This forced the exposure of the <a
+      href="http://www.python.org/2.2/descrintro.html#property"><code>property</code></a>
+      interface used internally to implement the data member exposure
+      facility described in <a
+      href="Mar2002#data_members">March</a>. Properties are an
+      incredibly useful idiom, so it's good to be able to provide them
+      at little new development cost.
+
+      <h4><a name="setattr">setattr</a></h4>
+
+<code>class_&lt;&gt;</code> acquired a <code>setattr</code> member
+function which allows users to easily add new Python objects as class
+attributes.
+
+      <h4><a name="module">__module__ Attribute</a></h4>
+
+Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve has been working on pickling support for v2. To
+make it work correctly, he had to make sure that a class'
+<code>__module__</code> attribute was set correctly.
+
+<h3><a name="back_reference"><code>back_reference</code></a></h3>
+
+The new <code>back_reference&lt;T&gt;</code> template can be used as a
+function parameter when the user needs access to both a <code>T</code>
+argument and to the Python object which manages it. The function will
+only match in the overload resolution process if it would match the
+same function signature with <code>T</code> substituted for
+<code>back_reference&lt;T&gt;</code>. This feature is not yet
+documented.
+
+<h2><a name="documentation">Documentation</a></h2>
+
+In a major effort to prepare Boost.Python v2 to replace v1, many pages
+of new reference documentation were added:
+
+<blockquote>
+
+<dl>
+        <dt><a href="CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="Dereferenceable.html">Dereferenceable.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="Extractor.html">Extractor.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="HolderGenerator.html">HolderGenerator.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="ResultConverter.html">ResultConverter.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="call_method.html">call_method.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="callbacks.html">callbacks.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="data_members.html">data_members.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="has_back_reference.html">has_back_reference.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="implicit.html">implicit.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="instance_holder.html">instance_holder.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="operators.html">operators.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="ptr.html">ptr.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="type_id.html">type_id.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="with_custodian_and_ward.html">with_custodian_and_ward.html</a><dd>
+</dl>
+
+</blockquote>
+Major updates were made to the following pages:
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<dl>
+        <dt><a href="call.html">call.html</a><dd> <dt><a href="updated">updated</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="class.html">class.html</a><dd>
+        <dt><a href="reference.html">reference.html</a><dd>
+</dl>
+</blockquote>
+
+         As usual, careful documentation forces one to consider the
+         interface again, and there were many interface changes
+         associated with this effort, including the elevation of the
+         following components from implementation detail to
+         first-class library citizen:
+
+<blockquote>
+<dl>
+        <dt>type_id.hpp<dd>
+        <dt>pointee.hpp<dd>
+        <dt>lvalue_from_pytype.hpp<dd></dl>
+</dl>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2><a name="misc">Miscellaneous</a></h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="converters">Converters</a></h3>
+
+It appears that the world of C++ &lt;==&gt; Python conversion rules is
+an endlessly-rich area of exploration. Completing the conversions for
+<code>char</code> and <code>char const*</code> types, as described at
+the end of <a href="Apr2002.html#missing">April's report</a>,
+uncovered some interesting new shades to the problem. It turns out to
+be worth distinguishing mutable and immutable lvalue conversions,
+because despite the fact that Python doesn't understand
+<code>const</code>, it does understand immutability (c.f. Python
+strings, which expose an immutable <code>char</code> pointer). It is
+also worth recognizing types which represent lvalue <i>sequences</i>,
+to prevent Python <code>&quot;foobar&quot;</code> from being silently
+truncated to C++ <code>'f'</code>. More details on this insight can be
+found in the mailing list <a
+href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/c++-sig/2002-May/001023.html">
+archive</a>. I don't plan to do anything about this immediately, but I
+do think it's the right direction to go in the long run.
+
+    <h3><a name="checkins">Checkins Mailing List</a></h3>
+
+In order to better coordinate changes made by multiple developers, I
+enabled <a
+href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=772&group_id=1">syncmail</a>
+for the Boost.Python CVS trees, and established an associated <a
+href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/boost-python-cvs">mailing
+list</a>. Subscribe to this list to receive notices of each new
+checkin.
+
+    <h3><a name="shared">Shared Libraries</a></h3>
+
+Beyond the vagaries of dynamic linking on AIX, I have been
+participating in a more-general discussion of dynamic linking for
+C++. Needless to say, C++ dynamic linking is of critical importance to
+Boost.Python: all extension modules are normally built as shared
+libraries, and Boost.Python extension modules share a common library
+as well. 
+
+In fact, there are at least two separate conversations. One
+in the C++ standard extensions mailing list concerns what can be
+standardized for C++ and shared libraries; the other, mostly on the <a
+href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/">gcc</a> mailing list, concerns the
+behavior of GCC on Posix/ELF platforms. 
+
+Some of the GCC threads are here:
+
+<blockquote>
+<a
+href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-05/msg02002.html">http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-05/msg02002.html</a><br>
+<a
+href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-05/msg02945.html">http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-05/msg02945.html</a><br>
+<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-05/msg01758.html">http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-05/msg01758.html</a>
+</blockquote>
+
+  <h2><a name="next">What's Next</a></h2>
+
+Development is focused on what's needed to be able to retire
+Boost.Python v1. At the moment, that means deciding the user-friendly
+interfaces for to_/from_python conversion, and formally exposing the
+Python object smart pointers and object wrapper classes. Quite a few
+questions have also been showing up recently about how to embed Python
+with Boost.Python, and how to link with it statically; the solutions
+to these issues will probably have to be formalized before long.
+
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  11 June, 2002 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+<p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 
+  2002. All Rights Reserved.</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/ResultConverter.html

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - ResultConverter Concept</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+      <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">ResultConverter Concept</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+<dl class="page-index"> 
+  <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#concept-requirements">Concept Requirements</a></dt>
+  <dl class="page-index"> 
+    <dt><a href="#ResultConverter-concept">ResultConverter Concept</a></dt>
+    <dt><a href="#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator Concept</a></dt>
+  </dl>
+</dl>
+
+<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>A ResultConverter for a type <code>T</code> is a type whose
+instances can be used to convert C++ return values of type
+<code>T</code> <code>to_python</code>. A ResultConverterGenerator is
+an MPL unary metafunction class which, given the return type of a C++
+function, returns a ResultConverter for that type. ResultConverters in
+Boost.Python generally inspect library's registry of converters to
+find a suitable converter, but converters which don't use the registry
+are also possible.
+
+<h2><a name="concept-requirements"></a>Concept Requirements</h2>
+<h3><a name="ResultConverter-concept"></a>ResultConverter Concept</h3>
+
+<p>In the table below, <code><b>C</b></code> denotes a ResultConverter
+type for a type <b><code>R</code></b> , <code><b>c</b></code> denotes
+an object of type <code><b>C</b></code> , and <code><b>r</b></code>
+denotes an object of type <code><b>R</b></code>.
+
+<table summary="ResultConverter expressions" border="1" cellpadding="5">
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Expression</b></td>
+    <td><b>Type</b></td>
+    <td><b>Semantics</b></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>C c;</code></td>
+    <td>
+    <td>Constructs a <code>C</code> object.
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>c.convertible()</code></td>
+    <td>convertible to <code>bool</code></td>
+    <td><code>false</code> iff no conversion from any <code>R</code> value
+    to a Python object is possible.</td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>c(r)</code></td>
+    <td>convertible to <code>PyObject*</code></td>
+    <td>A pointer to a Python object corresponding to <code>r</code>,
+    or <code>0</code> iff <code>r</code> could not be converted
+    <code>to_python</code>, in which case <a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-71">PyErr_Occurred</a>
+    should return non-zero.</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3><a name="ResultConverterGenerator-concept"></a>ResultConverterGenerator Concept</h3>
+<p>In the table below, <code><b>G</b></code> denotes a
+ResultConverterGenerator type and <code><b>R</b></code> denotes a possible
+C++ function return type.
+
+<table summary="ResultConverterGenerator expressions" border="1" cellpadding="5">
+  <tr> 
+    <td><b>Expression</b></td>
+    <td><b>Requirements</b></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top"><code>G::apply&lt;R&gt;::type</code></td>
+    <td>A ResultConverter type for <code>R</code>.</td>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  09 May, 2002    <!--Luann's birthday! -->
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+
+<p>Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
+ and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+ in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+ warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/acknowledgments.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/bibliography.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/call.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/call_method.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@
 <p>
   <code>&lt;boost/python/call_method.hpp&gt;</code> defines the <a
   href="#call_method-spec"><code>call_method</code></a> family of overloaded function
-  templates, used to invoke Python callable objects from C++.
+  templates, used to invoke callable attributes of Python objects from C++.
 
 <h2><a name="functions"></a>Functions</h2>
 <pre>
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(my_module)
 </pre>
 <p>Revised 
   <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
-  9 May, 2002 <!-- Luann's birthday! -->
+  10 May, 2002 
   <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
 </p>
 <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 

doc/v2/callbacks.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/class.html

@@ -72,30 +72,34 @@
 
     <p><code>&lt;boost/python/class.hpp&gt;</code> defines the interface
     through which users expose their C++ classes to Python. It declares the
-    <code>class_</code> class template, which is parameterized on the class
-    type being exposed, and the <code>args</code> and <code>bases</code>
-    utility class templates in the anonymous namespace (the latter definitions
-    will probably be moved in a future release).
+    <code>class_</code> class template, which is parameterized on the
+    class type being exposed. It also exposes the <code>args</code>
+    and <code>bases</code> utility class templates, which are used in
+    conjunction with <code>class_</code>.
 
     <p><code>&lt;boost/python/class_fwd.hpp&gt;</code> contains a forward
     declaration of the <code>class_</code> class template.
 
-    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+  <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
 
-    <h3><a name="class_-spec"></a>Class template <code>class_&lt;T, Bases, <a
-    href="HolderGenerator.html">HolderGenerator</a>&gt;</code></h3>
+    <h3><a name="class_-spec"></a>Class template <code>class_&lt;T, <font color="#007f00">Bases, HeldType, NonCopyable</font>&gt;</code></h3>
 
-    <p>Creates a Python class associated with the C++ type passed as its first
-    parameter. Its template arguments are:<br>
+    <p>Creates a Python class associated with the C++ type passed as
+    its first parameter. Although it has four template parameters,
+    only the first one is required. The three optional arguments can
+    actually be supplied <font color="#007f00"><b>in any
+    order</b></font>; Boost.Python determines the role of the argument
+    from its type.<br>
     <br>
 
-
     <table border="1" summary="class_ template parameters">
       <tr>
-        <th>Parameter
+        <th>Template Parameter
 
         <th>Requirements
 
+        <th>Semantics
+
         <th>Default
 
       <tr>
@@ -103,57 +107,158 @@
 
         <td>A class type.
 
-      <tr>
-        <td><code>Bases</code> 
-
-        <td>An <a href="../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a> of
-        C++ base classes of <code>T</code>.
-
-        <td>An unspecified empty sequence
+        <td>The class being wrapped
 
       <tr>
-        <td><code>HolderGenerator</code> 
+        <td><code><font color="#007f00">Bases</font></code> 
 
-        <td>A model of <code><a href=
-        "HolderGenerator.html">HolderGenerator</a></code>.
+        <td>A specialization of <a
+        href="#bases-spec"><code>bases&lt;...&gt;</code></a> which
+        specifies previously-exposed C++ base classes of <code>T</code><a href="#footnote_1">[1]</a>.
+
+        <td>Registers <code>from_python</code> conversions from
+        wrapped <code>T</code> instances to each of its exposed direct
+        and indirect bases. For each polymorphic base <code>B</code>,
+        registers conversions from indirectly-held wrapped
+        <code>B</code> instances to <code>T</code>.
+
+        <td><code><a href="#bases">bases&lt;&gt;</a></code>
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code><font color="#007f00">HeldType</font></code> 
+
+        <td>Must be <code>T</code>, a class derived
+           from <code>T</code>, or a <a
+           href="Dereferenceable.html">Dereferenceable</a> type for which
+           <code><a
+           href="pointee.html#pointee-spec">pointee</a>&lt;HeldType&gt;::type</code>
+           is <code>T</code> or a class derived from <code>T</code>.
+         </dl>
+
+        <td>Specifies the type which is actually embedded in a Python
+        object wrapping a <code>T</code> instance. More details <a
+        href="#HeldType">below</a>.
+
+        <td><code>T</code> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code><font color="#007f00">NonCopyable</font></code> 
+
+        <td>If supplied, must be <a
+        href="../../../utility/utility.htm#Class noncopyable">boost::noncopyable</a>.
+
+        <td> Suppresses automatic registration of <code>to_python</code>
+        conversions which copy
+        <code>T</code> instances. Required when <code>T</code> has no
+        publicly-accessible copy constructor.
+
+        <td>An unspecified type other than <code>boost::noncopyable</code>.
 
-        <td><code>boost::python::objects::value_holder_generator</code> 
     </table>
 
-    <h4><a name="class_-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>class_</code>
-    synopsis</h4>
+<h4><a name="#HeldType">HeldType Semantics</a></h4>
+
+<ol>
+<li>
+    If <code>HeldType</code> is derived from T, its
+    exposed constructor(s) must accept an initial
+    <code>PyObject*</code> argument which refers back to the Python
+    object that contains it, as shown in <a
+    href="call_method.html#example">this example</a>. This argument is
+    not included in the argument list type passed to <a
+    href="#def_init-spec"><code>def_init()</code></a>, below, nor is
+    it passed explicitly by users when Python instances of
+    <code>T</code> are created. This is the idiom which allows C++ virtual
+    functions to be overridden in Python. Boost.Python automatically
+    registers additional converters which allow wrapped instances of
+    <code>T</code> to be passed to wrapped C++ functions expecting
+    <code>HeldType</code> arguments.
+
+<li>Because Boost.Python will always allow
+  wrapped instances of <code>T</code> to be passed in place of
+  <code>HeldType</code> arguments, specifying a smart pointer for
+  <code>HeldType</code> allows users to pass Python
+  <code>T</code> instances where a smart pointer-to-<code>T</code> is
+  expected. Smart pointers such as <code>std::auto_ptr&lt;&gt;</code>
+  or <code><a
+  href="../../../smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm">boost::shared_ptr&lt;&gt;</a></code>
+  which contain a nested type <code>element_type</code> designating
+  the referent type are automatically supported; additional smart
+  pointer types can be supported by specializing <a
+  href="pointee.html#pointee-spec">pointee&lt;HeldType&gt;</a>.
+
+<li>
+  As in case 1 above, when <code>HeldType</code> is a smart pointer to
+  a class derived from <code>T</code>, the initial
+  <code>PyObject*</code> argument must be supplied by all exposed
+  constructors.
+
+<li>
+   Except in cases 1 and 3, users may optionally specify that T itself
+   gets initialized with a similar initial <code>PyObject*</code>
+   argument by specializing <a
+   href="has_back_reference.html#has_back_reference-spec">has_back_reference<T></a>.
+</ol>
+
+      <h4><a name="class_-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template
+      <code>class_</code> synopsis</h4>
 <pre>
 namespace boost { namespace python
 {
-
   template &lt;class T
-            , class Bases = <i>none</i>
-            , class HolderGenerator = objects::value_holder_generator&gt;
-  class class_
+<font color="#007f00">            , class Bases = bases&lt;&gt;
+            , class HeldType = T
+            , class NonCopyable = <i>unspecified</i>
+           &gt;
+</font>  class class_
   {
     class_();
     class_(char const* name);
 
-    template &lt;class F&gt;
-    class_&amp; def(char const* name, F f);
+    // exposing constructors
+    class_&amp; def_init();
 
-    template &lt;class Fn, class CallPolicy&gt;
-    class_&amp; def(char const* name, Fn fn, CallPolicy policy);
-    
     template &lt;class Args&gt;
     class_&amp; def_init(Args const&amp; = Args());
 
-    class_&amp; def_init();
+    template &lt;class Args, class CallPolicy&gt;
+    class_&amp; def_init(Args const&amp;, CallPolicy policy);
 
+    // exposing member functions
+    template &lt;class F&gt;
+    class_&amp; def(char const* name, F f);
+
+    template &lt;class Fn, class CallPolies&gt;
+    class_&amp; def(char const* name, Fn fn, CallPolies);
+
+    // exposing operators
+    template &lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt;
+    class_&amp; def(<a href="operators.html#operator_-spec">detail::operator_</a>&lt;unspecified&gt;);
+
+    // exposing data members
+    template &lt;class D&gt;
+    class_&amp; def_readonly(char const* name, D T::*pm);
+
+    template &lt;class D&gt;
+    class_&amp; def_readwrite(char const* name, D T::*pm);
+
+    // Raw attribute modification
+    class_& setattr(char const* name, ref const&);
+
+    // property creation
+    void add_property(char const* name, ref const&amp; fget);
+    void add_property(char const* name, ref const&amp; fget, ref const&amp; fset);
+
+    // accessing the Python class object
     ref object() const;
   };
 }}
 </pre>
 
-    <h4><a name="class_-spec-ctors"></a>Class template <code>class_</code>
-    constructors</h4>
+    <h4><a name="class_-spec-ctors"></a>Class template <code>class_</code> constructors</h4>
+
 <pre>
-class_()
+class_();
 </pre>
 
     <dl class="function-semantics">
@@ -169,7 +274,7 @@ class_()
       Python classes without user intervention.
     </dl>
 <pre>
-class_(char const* name)
+class_(char const* name);
 </pre>
 
     <dl class="function-semantics">
@@ -186,27 +291,75 @@ class_(char const* name)
 
     <h4><a name="class_-spec-modifiers"></a>Class template <code>class_</code>
     modifier functions</h4>
-<pre>
-template &lt;class F&gt;
-class_&amp; def(char const* name, F f)
 
-template &lt;class Fn, class CallPolicy&gt;
-class_&amp; def(char const* name, Fn f, CallPolicy policy)
+<pre>
+class_&amp; def_init();
+
+template &lt;class Args&gt;
+class_&amp; def_init(Args const&amp; argument_types);
+
+template &lt;class Args, class CallPolicies&gt;
+class_&amp; def_init(Args const&amp; argument_types, CallPolicies policies);
 </pre>
 
     <dl class="function-semantics">
-      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>f</code> is a non-null pointer-to-function or
-      pointer-to-member-function. <code>name</code> is a ntbs which conforms to
-      Python's <a href=
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>Args</code> is an <a
+      href="../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a> of C++ argument
+      types (<i>A1, A2,... AN</i>) such that if
+      <code>a1, a2</code>... <code>aN</code> are objects of type
+      <i>A1, A2,... AN</i> respectively, the expression
+      <code>T(a1, a2</code>... <code>aN</code>) is valid. In the first form,
+      the expression <code>T()</code> must be valid.
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Adds the result of 
+
+<code><a href=
+      "make_function.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>&lt;args&lt;&gt;,Holder&gt;()</code>,
+
+<code><a href=
+      "make_function.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>&lt;Args,Holder&gt;()</code>, or
+
+<code><a href=
+      "make_function.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>&lt;Args,Holder&gt;(policies)</code>,
+      respectively, to the Boost.Python extension class being defined under the name
+      "__init__". <code>Holder</code> is a concrete subclass of <a
+      href="instance_holder.html#instance_holder-spec">instance_holder</a>
+      which holds the <code>HeldType</code>. If the extension class
+      already has an "__init__" attribute, the usual <a
+      href="http:overloading.html">overloading procedure</a> applies.
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>*this</code>
+
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Allows users to easily expose a class' constructor
+      to Python.
+    </dl>
+
+<br>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class F&gt;
+class_&amp; def(char const* name, F f);
+
+template &lt;class Fn, class CallPolicies&gt;
+class_&amp; def(char const* name, Fn f, CallPolicies policies);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>f</code> is a non-null
+      pointer-to-function or pointer-to-member-function, or a callable
+      Python object passed as a <code>PyObject*</code> or <a
+      href="reference_hpp.html#ref-spec"><code>ref</code></a>. <code>name</code>
+      is a ntbs which conforms to Python's <a href=
       "http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ref/identifiers.html">identifier
       naming rules</a>. In the first form, the return type of
       <code>f</code> is not a reference and is not a pointer other
       than <code>char const*</code> or <code>PyObject*</code>. In the
-      second form <code>policy</code> is a model of <a
+      second form <code>policies</code> is a model of <a
       href="CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a>.
 
       <dt><b>Effects:</b> Adds the result of <code><a href=
-      "make_function.html#make_function-spec">make_function</a>(f)</code> to
+      "make_function.html#make_function-spec">make_function</a>(f)</code> or <code><a href=
+      "make_function.html#make_function-spec">make_function</a>(f,&nbsp;policies)</code> to
       the Boost.Python extension class being defined, with the given
       <code>name</code>. If the extension class already has an attribute named
       <code><i>name</i></code>, the usual <a href=
@@ -214,37 +367,110 @@ class_&amp; def(char const* name, Fn f, CallPolicy policy)
 
       <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>*this</code>
     </dl>
-<pre>
-template &lt;class Args&gt;
-class_&amp; def_init(Args const&amp; argument_types)
 
-class_&amp; def_init()
+<pre>
+template &lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt;
+class_&amp; def(<a href="operators.html#operator_-spec">detail::operator_</a>&lt;unspecified&gt;);
 </pre>
 
     <dl class="function-semantics">
-      <dt><b>Requires:</b> in the first form, argument_types must be an <a
-      href="../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a> of C++ argument
-      types (<i>A1, A2,... AN</i>) such that if
-      <code>a1, a2</code>... <code>aN</code> are objects of type
-      <i>A1, A2,... AN</i> respectively, the expression
-      <code>T(a1, a2</code>... <code>aN</code>) is valid. In the second form,
-      the expression <code>T()</code> must be valid.
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Adds a Python <a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/ref/specialnames.html">special
+    method</a> as described <a href="operators.html">here</a>.
 
-      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Adds the result of <code><a href=
-      "make_function.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>&lt;T,Args,HolderGenerator&gt;()</code>
-      to the Boost.Python extension class being defined with the name
-      "__init__". If the 2nd form is used, an unspecified empty <a href=
-      "../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a> type is substituted
-      for <code>Args</code>. If the extension class already has an "__init__"
-      attribute, the usual <a href="http:overloading.html">overloading
-      procedure</a> applies.
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>*this</code>
+    </dl>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class F&gt;
+class_&amp; setattr(char const* name, ref x);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>name</code> is a ntbs which conforms to
+      Python's <a href=
+      "http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ref/identifiers.html">identifier
+      naming rules</a>. 
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> <code><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/object.html#l2h-166">PyObject_SetAttrString</a>(this->object(),&nbsp;name,&nbsp;x.get());</code>
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>*this</code>
+    </dl>
+
+<br>
+
+<pre>
+void add_property(char const* name, ref const&amp; fget);
+void add_property(char const* name, ref const&amp; fget, ref const&amp; fset);
+</pre>
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>name</code> is a ntbs which conforms to
+      Python's <a href=
+      "http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ref/identifiers.html">identifier
+      naming rules</a>. 
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Creates a new Python <a
+      href="http://www.python.org/2.2/descrintro.html#property"><code>property</code></a>
+      class instance, passing <code>fget.get()</code> (and
+      <code>fset.get()</code> in the second form) to its constructor,
+      then adds that property to the Python class object under
+      construction with the given attribute <code>name</code>.
 
       <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>*this</code>
 
-      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Allows users to easily expose a class' constructor
-      to Python.
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Allows users to easily expose a class'
+      data member such that it can be inspected from Python with a
+      natural syntax.
     </dl>
 
+<br>
+<pre>
+    template &lt;class D&gt;
+    class_&amp; def_readonly(char const* name, D T::*pm);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>name</code> is a ntbs which conforms to
+      Python's <a href=
+      "http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ref/identifiers.html">identifier
+      naming rules</a>. 
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> 
+<pre>
+this-&gt;add_property(name, ref(<a href="data_members.html#make_getter-spec">make_getter</a>(pm)));
+</pre>
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>*this</code>
+
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Allows users to easily expose a class'
+      data member such that it can be inspected from Python with a
+      natural syntax.
+    </dl>
+
+<br>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class D&gt;
+class_&amp; def_readwrite(char const* name, D T::*pm);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> 
+<pre>
+ref fget(<a href="data_members.html#make_getter-spec">make_getter</a>(pm));
+ref fset(<a href="data_members.html#make_setter-spec">make_setter</a>(pm));
+this-&gt;add_property(name, fget, fset);
+</pre>
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>*this</code>
+
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Allows users to easily expose a class'
+      data member such that it can be inspected and set from Python with a
+      natural syntax.
+
     <h4><a name="class_-spec-observers"></a>Class template <code>class_</code>
     observer functions</h4>
 <pre>
@@ -264,39 +490,42 @@ ref object() const;
     <h3><a name="args-spec"></a>Class template
     <code>args&lt;T1, T2,</code>...<code>TN&gt;</code></h3>
 
-    <p>Essentially an alias for <code>boost::mpl::type_list</code> which users
-    can use in <code>def_init</code> calls to make their code more readable.
-    Currently it is in the global unnammed namespace, but that will probably
-    change.
+    <p>A conveniently-named <a
+      href="../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a> which
+      users pass to <code><a
+      href="#class_-spec-modifiers">def_init</a></code> calls to make
+      their code more readable.  
 
     <h4><a name="args-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>args</code>
     synopsis</h4>
 <pre>
-namespace
+namespace boost { namespace python
 {
   template &lt;T1 = <i>unspecified</i>,...TN = <i>unspecified</i>&gt;
-  struct args : ::boost::mpl::type_list&lt;T1,...TN&gt;::type
+  struct args
   {};
-}
+}}
 </pre>
 
     <h3><a name="bases-spec"></a>Class template
     <code>bases&lt;T1, T2,</code>...<code>TN&gt;</code></h3>
 
-    <p>Essentially an alias for <code>boost::mpl::type_list</code> which users
-    can use in <code>class_&lt;</code>...<code>&gt;</code> instantiations to
-    make their code more readable. Currently it is in the global unnammed
-    namespace, but that will probably change.
+    <p>An <a
+      href="../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a>  which
+      can be used in <code>class_&lt;</code>...<code>&gt;</code>
+      instantiations indicate a list of base classes. Although users
+      can pass any MPL sequence in place of args, above, the use of
+      <code>bases</code> to indicate base classes is mandatory.
 
     <h4><a name="bases-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>bases</code>
     synopsis</h4>
 <pre>
-namespace
+namespace boost { namespace python
 {
   template &lt;T1 = <i>unspecified</i>,...TN = <i>unspecified</i>&gt;
-  struct bases : ::boost::mpl::type_list&lt;T1,...TN&gt;::type
+  struct bases
   {};
-}
+}}
 </pre>
 
     <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example(s)</h2>
@@ -311,24 +540,47 @@ class Foo : public Bar, public Baz
 
    std::string const&amp; name() { return m_name; }
    void name(char const*);
+
+   double value; // public data
  private:
    ...
 };
 </pre>
-    A corresponding Boost.Python extension class can be created with: 
+
+   A corresponding Boost.Python extension class can be created with: 
 <pre>
 using namespace boost::python;
-ref foo =
-class_&lt;Foo,bases&lt;Bar,Baz&gt; &gt;()
+
+ref foo = class_&lt;Foo,bases&lt;Bar,Baz&gt; &gt;()
    .def_init(args&lt;int,char const*&gt;())
    .def_init(args&lt;double&gt;())
    .def("get_name", &amp;Foo::get_name, return_internal_reference&lt;&gt;())
    .def("set_name", &amp;Foo::set_name)
+   .def_readwrite("value", &amp;Foo::value)
    .object();
 </pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<a name="footnote_1">[1]</a> By &quot;previously-exposed&quot; we mean that the for each
+<code>B</code> in <code>bases</code>, an instance of
+<code>class_&lt;B&gt;</code> must have already been
+constructed. Ensuring this in a portable manner when a class and its
+bases are exposed in the same module entails using separate
+<i>full-expressions</i>, rather than chaining consecutive definitions with
+&quot;<code>.add(...)</code>.
+
+<pre>
+module m(&quot;module_name&quot;);
+m.add(class_&lt;Base&gt;()
+        .def_init());
+m.add(class_&lt;Derived, bases&lt;Base&gt;&gt;()
+        .def_init());
+</pre>
+
     Revised 
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
-     05 November, 2001 
+     09 May, 2002 <!-- Luann's birthday! --> 
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
      
 

doc/v2/configuration.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/copy_const_reference.html

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     <code>copy_const_reference</code></h3>
 
     <p><code>copy_const_reference</code> is a model of <a href=
-    "ResultConverterGenerator.html">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
+    "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
     used to wrap C++ functions returning a reference-to-const type such that
     the referenced value is copied into a new Python object.
 

doc/v2/copy_non_const_reference.html

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     <code>copy_non_const_reference</code></h3>
 
     <p><code>copy_non_const_reference</code> is a model of <a href=
-    "ResultConverterGenerator.html">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
+    "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
     used to wrap C++ functions returning a reference-to-non-const type such
     that the referenced value is copied into a new Python object.
 

doc/v2/default_call_policies.html

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ PyObject* postcall(PyObject*, PyObject* result);
     <code>default_result_converter</code></h3>
 
     <p><code>default_result_converter</code> is a model of <a href=
-    "ResultConverterGenerator.html">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
+    "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
     used to wrap C++ functions returning non-pointer types, <code>char
     const*</code>, and <code>PyObject*</code>, by-value.
 

doc/v2/definitions.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/errors.html

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
 
-    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;{{header}}&gt;</title>
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/errors.hpp&gt;</title>
 
     <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
     "header">
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
       <dd>
         <dl class="page-index">
-          <dt><a href="#class-spec">Class <code>error_already_set</code></a>
+          <dt><a href="#error_already_set-spec">Class <code>error_already_set</code></a>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="page-index">
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
           <dt><a href="#handle_exception-spec">handle_exception</a>
 
           <dt><a href="#expect_non_null-spec">expect_non_null</a>
+          <dt><a href="#throw_error_already_set-spec">throw_error_already_set</a>
         </dl>
 
       <dt><a href="#examples">Examples</a>
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@
     "http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-71">PyErr_Occurred()</a>
     returns a value convertible to <code>true</code>.
 
-    <h4><a name="class-spec-synopsis"></a>Class error_already_set synopsis</h4>
+    <h4><a name="error_already_set-spec-synopsis"></a>Class error_already_set synopsis</h4>
 <pre>
 namespace boost { namespace python
 {
@@ -117,9 +118,7 @@ void handle_exception() throw();
       an enclosing <code>try</code> block.
     </dl>
 <pre>
-<a name="expect_non_null-spec">PyObject* expect_non_null(PyObject* x);</a>
-
-template &lt;class T&gt; T* expect_non_null(T* x);
+<a name="expect_non_null-spec">template &lt;class T&gt; T* expect_non_null(T* x);</a>
 </pre>
 
     <dl class="expect_non_null-semantics">
@@ -135,6 +134,16 @@ template &lt;class T&gt; T* expect_non_null(T* x);
       return 0 on error.
     </dl>
 
+<pre>
+<a name="throw_error_already_set-spec">void throw_error_already_set();</a>
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="throw_error_already_set-semantics">
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> <code>throw&nbsp;<a href=
+      "#error_already_set-spec">error_already_set</a>();</code> 
+    </dl>
+
     <h2><a name="examples"></a>Examples</h2>
 <pre>
 #include &lt;string&gt;
@@ -223,7 +232,7 @@ same_name2(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords)
 
     <p>Revised 
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
-     05 November, 2001 
+     17 November, 2002
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
 
 

doc/v2/faq.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/feb2002.html

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
     "100%" summary="header">
       <tr>
         <td valign="top" width="300">
-          <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86"
-          width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif"
-          border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
 
         <td valign="top">
           <h1 class="c1">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/from_python.html

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ std::size_t length_if_string(PyObject* p)
    if (!converter.convertible())
       return 0;
    else
-      return converter().size();
+      return converter(p).size();
 }
 </pre>
 

doc/v2/index.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
   <dt><a href="rationale.html">Rationale</a></dt>
   <dt><a href="definitions.html">Definitions</a></dt>
   <dt><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="progress_reports.html">Progress Reports</a></dt>
   <dt><a href="bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></dt>
   <dt><a href="acknowledgments.html">Acknowledgments</a></dt>
 </dl>

doc/v2/instance_holder.html

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
+    "text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/instance_holder.hpp&gt;</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+ p.c4 {font-style: italic}
+ span.c3 {color: #ff0000}
+ h2.c2 {text-align: center}
+ h1.c1 {text-align: center}
+</style>
+
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
+    summary="header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width= 
+          "277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border=
+          "0"></a></h3>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 class="c1">Boost.Python</h1>
+
+          <h2 class="c2">Header &lt;boost/python/instance_holder.hpp&gt;</h2>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
+
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#instance_holder-spec">Class
+          <code>instance_holder</code></a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#instance_holder-spec-synopsis">Class
+              <code>instance_holder</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#instance_holder-spec-ctors">Class
+              <code>instance_holder</code> destructor</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#instance_holder-spec-modifiers">Class
+              <code>instance_holder</code> modifier functions</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#instance_holder-spec-observers">Class
+              <code>instance_holder</code> observer functions</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#examples">Example</a>
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+    <p><code>&lt;boost/python/instance_holder.hpp&gt;</code> provides
+    <code>class&nbsp;instance_holder</code>, the base class for types
+    which hold C++ instances of wrapped classes.
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="instance_holder-spec"></a>Class <code>instance_holder</code></h3>
+
+    <p><code>instance_holder</code> is an abstract base class whose
+    concrete derived classes hold C++ class instances within their
+    Python object wrappers. To allow multiple inheritance in Python
+    from C++ class wrappers, each such Python object contains a chain
+    of <code>instance_holder</code>s. When an <code>__init__</code>
+    function for a wrapped C++ class is invoked, a new
+    <code>instance_holder</code> instance is created and installed in
+    the Python object using its <code><a
+    href="#instance_holder-spec-modifiers">install</a></code>()
+    function. Each concrete class derived from
+    <code>instance_holder</code> must provide a <code><a
+    href="#instance_holder-spec-observers">holds</a>()</code>
+    implementation which allows Boost.Python to query it for the
+    type(s) it is holding. In order to support the held type's wrapped
+    constructor(s), the class must also provide constructors that can
+    accept an initial <code>PyObject*</code> argument referring to the
+    owning Python object, and which forward the rest of their
+    arguments to the constructor of the held type. The initial
+    argument is needed to enable virtual function overriding in
+    Python, and may be ignored, depending on the specific
+    <code>instance_holder</code> subclass.
+
+    <h4><a name="instance_holder-spec-synopsis"></a>Class instance_holder
+    synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  class instance_holder : <a href="../../../utility/utility.htm#Class noncopyable">noncopyable</a>
+  {
+   public:
+      // destructor
+      virtual ~instance_holder();
+
+      // instance_holder modifiers
+      void install(PyObject* inst) throw();
+
+      // instance_holder observers
+      virtual void* holds(type_info) = 0;
+  };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="instance_holder-spec-ctors">Class <code>instance_holder</code>
+    destructor</a></h4>
+<pre>
+virtual ~instance_holder();
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> destroys the object
+    </dl>
+
+    <h4><a name="instance_holder-spec-modifiers">Class
+    <code>instance_holder</code> modifiers</a></h4>
+<pre>
+void install(PyObject* inst) throw();
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>inst</code> is a Python instance of a
+      wrapped C++ class type, or is a type derived from a wrapped C++
+      class type.
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> installs the new instance at the head of the
+      Python object's chain of held instances.
+      <dt><b>Throws:</b> nothing
+    </dl>
+
+    <h4><a name="instance_holder-spec-observers">Class <code>instance_holder</code>
+    observers</a></h4>
+<pre>
+virtual void* holds(type_info x) = 0;
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> A pointer to an object of the type described
+      by <code>x</code> if <code>*this</code> contains such an object,
+      0 otherwise.
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2> 
+
+The following is a simplified version of the instance holder template
+used by Boost.Python to wrap classes held by smart pointers:
+<pre>
+template &lt;class SmartPtr, class Value&gt;
+struct pointer_holder : instance_holder
+{
+   // construct from the SmartPtr type
+   pointer_holder(SmartPtr p)
+       :m_p(p)
+
+   // Forwarding constructors for the held type
+   pointer_holder(PyObject*)
+       :m_p(new Value())
+   {
+   }
+
+   template&lt;class A0&gt;
+   pointer_holder(PyObject*,A0 a0)
+       :m_p(new Value(a0))
+   {
+   }
+
+   template&lt;class A0,class A1&gt;
+   pointer_holder(PyObject*,A0 a0,A1 a1)
+       :m_p(new Value(a0,a1))
+   {
+   }
+   ...
+
+ private: // required holder implementation
+   void* holds(type_info dst_t)
+   {
+       // holds an instance of the SmartPtr type...
+       if (dst_t == python::type_id&lt;SmartPtr&gt;())
+           return &amp;this-&gt;m_p;
+
+       // ...and an instance of the SmartPtr's element_type, if the
+       // pointer is non-null
+       return python::type_id&lt;Value&gt;() == dst_t ? &amp;*this-&gt;m_p : 0;
+   }
+
+ private: // data members
+   SmartPtr m_p;
+};
+</pre>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+     29 May, 2002 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+
+
+    <p class="c4">&copy; Copyright <a href= 
+    "../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 2002. All
+    Rights Reserved.
+

doc/v2/iterator.html

@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/iterator.hpp&gt;</title>
+
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+
+          <h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/iterator.hpp&gt;</h2>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
+
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#iterator-spec">Class template <code>iterator</code></a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#iterator-spec-synopsis">Class
+              <code>iterator</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#iterator-spec-ctors">Class template <code>iterator</code>
+              constructor</a>
+            </dl>
+         </dl>
+
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#iterators-spec">Class template <code>iterators</code></a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#iterators-spec-synopsis">Class
+              <code>iterators</code> synopsis</a>
+              <dt><a href="#iterators-spec-types">Class template
+              <code>iterators</code> nested types</a>
+              <dt><a href="#iterators-spec-statics">Class template
+              <code>iterators</code> static functions</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#functions">Functions</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#range-spec">range</a>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#examples">Examples</a>
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+    <p><code>&lt;boost/python/iterator.hpp&gt;</code> provides types
+    and functions for creating <a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/typeiter.html">Python
+    iterators</a> from <a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html">C++
+    Containers</a> and <a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Iterators.html">Iterators</a>. Note
+    that if your <code>class_</code> supports random-access iterators,
+    implementing 
+    <code><a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html#l2h-128">__getitem__</a></code>
+    (also known as the Sequence Protocol) may serve you better than
+    using this facility: Python will automatically create an iterator
+    type for you (see <a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/built-in-funcs.html#l2h-35">iter()</a>),
+    and each access can be range-checked, leaving no possiblity of
+    accessing through an invalidated C++ iterator.
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="iterator-spec"></a>Class Template <code>iterator</code></h3>
+
+    <p>Instances of <code>iterator&lt;C,P&gt;</code> hold a reference
+    to a callable Python object which, when invoked from Python,
+    expects a single argument <code>c</code> convertible to
+    <code>C</code> and creates a Python iterator that traverses
+    [<code>c.begin()</code>,
+    <code>c.end()</code>). The optional <a
+    href="CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a>
+    <code>P</code> can be used to control how elements are returned
+    during iteration.
+
+    <p>In the table below, <code><b>c</b></code> is an instance of <code>Container</code>.
+
+    <table border="1" summary="iterator template parameters">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Template Parameter
+
+        <th>Requirements
+
+        <th>Semantics
+
+        <th>Default
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>Container</code> 
+
+        <td>[c.begin(),c.end()) is a valid <a
+        href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Iterators.html">Iterator
+        range</a>.
+
+        <td>The result will convert its argument to
+        <code>c</code> and call
+        <code>c.begin()</code> and <code>c.end()</code> to acquire
+        iterators. To invoke <code>Container</code>'s
+        <code>const</code> <code>begin()</code> and <code>end()</code>
+        functions, make it <code>const</code>.
+
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>NextPolicies</code> 
+
+        <td>A default-constructible model of <a
+        href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>.
+
+        <td>Applied to the resulting iterators' <code>next()</code> method.
+
+        <td>An unspecified model of <a
+        href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>
+        which always makes a copy of the
+        result of deferencing the underlying C++ iterator
+
+    </table>
+
+    <h4><a name="iterator-spec-synopsis"></a>Class Template iterator synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  template &lt;class Container
+             , class NextPolicies = <i>unspecified</i>&gt;
+  struct iterator : reference&lt;PyObject*&gt;
+  {
+      iterator();
+  };
+}}
+</pre>
+    <h4><a name="iterator-spec-constructors"></a>Class Template
+    iterator constructor</h4>
+
+<pre>
+iterator()
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Initializes its base class with the result
+      of:
+<pre>
+range&lt;NextPolicies&gt;(&amp;iterators&lt;Container&gt;::begin, &amp;iterators&lt;Container&gt;::end)
+</pre>
+
+      <dt><b>Postconditions:</b> <code>this-&gt;get()</code> points to
+      a Python callable object which creates a Python iterator as
+      described above.
+
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Provides an easy way to create iterators
+      for the common case where a C++ class being wrapped provides
+      <code>begin()</code> and <code>end()</code>.
+    </dl>
+
+<!-- -->
+
+    <h3><a name="iterators-spec"></a>Class Template <code>iterators</code></h3>
+
+    <p>A utility class template which provides a way to reliably call
+    its argument's <code>begin()</code> and <code>end()</code> member
+    functions. Note that there is no portable way to take the address
+    of a member function of a C++ standard library container, so
+    <code>iterators&lt;&gt;</code> can be particularly helpful when
+    wrapping them.
+    
+
+    <p>In the table below, <code><b>x</b></code> is an instance of <code>C</code>.
+
+    <table border="1" summary="iterator template parameters">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Required Valid Expression
+
+        <th>Type
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>x.begin()</code>
+        
+        <td>Convertible to <code>C::const_iterator</code> if <code>C</code> is a
+        <code>const</code> type; convertible to <code>C::iterator</code> otherwise.
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>x.end()</code>
+        
+        <td>Convertible to <code>C::const_iterator</code> if <code>C</code> is a
+        <code>const</code> type; convertible to <code>C::iterator</code> otherwise.
+
+    </table>
+
+    <h4><a name="iterators-spec-synopsis"></a>Class Template iterators synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  template &lt;class C&gt;
+  struct iterators
+  {
+      typedef typename C::[const_]iterator iterator;
+      static iterator begin(C&amp; x);
+      static iterator end(C&amp; x);
+  };
+}}
+
+</pre>
+    <h4><a name="iterators-spec-types"></a>Class Template
+    iterators nested types</h4>
+
+If C is a <code>const</code> type,
+<pre>
+typedef typename C::const_iterator iterator;
+</pre>
+Otherwise:
+<pre>
+typedef typename C::iterator iterator;
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="iterators-spec-statics"></a>Class Template
+    iterators static functions</h4>
+
+<pre>
+static iterator begin(C&amp;);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>x.begin()</code>
+    </dl>
+
+<pre>
+static iterator end(C&amp;);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>x.end()</code>
+    </dl>
+
+<!-- -->
+
+    <h2><a name="functions"></a>Functions</h2>
+<pre>
+<a name=
+"range-spec">template</a> &lt;class NextPolicies, class Target, class Accessor1, class Accessor2&gt;
+reference&lt;PyObject*&gt range(Accessor1 start, Accessor2 finish);
+
+template &lt;class NextPolicies, class Accessor1, class Accessor2&gt;
+reference&lt;PyObject*&gt range(Accessor1 start, Accessor2 finish);
+
+template &lt;class Accessor1, class Accessor2&gt;
+reference&lt;PyObject*&gt range(Accessor1 start, Accessor2 finish);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="range-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>NextPolicies</code> is a
+        default-constructible model of <a
+        href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>.
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> <dl>
+
+The first form creates a Python callable
+      object which, when invoked, converts its argument to a
+      <code>Target</code> object
+      <code>x</code>, and creates a Python iterator which traverses
+       [<code><a
+       href="../../../bind/bind.html">bind</a>(start,_1)(x)</code>,&nbsp;<code><a
+       href="../../../bind/bind.html">bind</a>(finish,_1)(x)</code>),
+       applying <code>NextPolicies</code> to the iterator's
+       <code>next()</code> function. 
+<dd>
+       <dt>The second form is identical to
+       the first, except that <code>Target</code> is deduced from
+       <code>Accessor1</code> as follows:
+       <ol>
+       <li>If <code>Accessor1</code> is a function type,
+       <code>Target</code> is the type of its first argument.
+       <li>If <code>Accessor1</code> is a data member pointer of the
+       form <code>R&nbsp;(T::*)</code>, <code>Target</code> is
+       identical to <code>T</code>.
+       <li>If <code>Accessor1</code> is a member function pointer of
+       the form
+       <code>R&nbsp;(T::*)(</code><i>arguments...</i><code>)</code>&nbsp;<i>cv-opt</i>,
+       where <i>cv-opt</i> is an optional <code>cv-qualifier</code>,
+       <code>Target</code> is identical to <code>T</code>.
+        </ol>
+<dd>
+
+       <dt>The third form is identical to the second, except that
+       <code>NextPolicies</code> is an unspecified model of <a
+        href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>
+        which always makes a copy of the
+        result of deferencing the underlying C++ iterator<dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> The use of <code><a
+      href="../../../bind/bind.html">boost::bind</a>()</code> allows
+      C++ iterators to be accessed through functions, member functions
+      or data member pointers. Customization of
+      <code>NextPolicies</code> (e.g. using <code><a
+      href="return_internal_reference.html#return_internal_reference-spec"
+      >return_internal_reference</a></code>) is useful when it is
+      expensive to copy sequence elements of a wrapped class
+      type. Customization of <code>Target</code> is useful when
+      <code>Accessor1</code> is a function object, or when a base
+      class of the intended target type would otherwise be deduced.
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Examples</h2>
+
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/python/module.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/python/class.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/python/return_internal_reference.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;vector&gt;
+
+using namespace boost::python;
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(demo)
+{
+   module(&quot;demo&quot;)
+      .add(
+         class_&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt;(&quot;dvec&quot;)
+            .def(&quot;__iter__&quot;, iterator&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt;())
+            ...
+         )
+      ;
+}
+</pre>
+
+A more comprehensive example can be found in:
+<code><dl>
+<dt><a href="../../test/iterator.cpp">libs/python/test/iterator.cpp</a><dd>
+<dt><a href="../../test/input_iterator.cpp">libs/python/test/input_iterator.cpp</a><dd>
+<dt><a href="../../test/iterator.py">libs/python/test/input_iterator.py</a><dd>
+</code>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+     17 May, 2002
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+
+
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+

doc/v2/lvalue_from_python.html

@@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
-
-    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/lvalue_from_python.hpp&gt;</title>
-
-    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
-    "header">
-      <tr>
-        <td valign="top" width="300">
-          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
-          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
-
-        <td valign="top">
-          <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
-
-          <h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/lvalue_from_python.hpp&gt;</h2>
-    </table>
-    <hr>
-
-    <h2>Contents</h2>
-
-    <dl class="page-index">
-      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
-
-
-      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
-
-      <dd>
-        <dl class="page-index">
-          <dt><a href="#lvalue_from_python-spec">Class Template <code>lvalue_from_python</code></a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="page-index">
-
-              <dt><a href="#lvalue_from_python-spec-synopsis">Class Template
-              <code>lvalue_from_python</code> synopsis</a>
-
-              <dt><a href="#lvalue_from_python-spec-ctors">Class Template
-              <code>lvalue_from_python</code> constructor</a>
-            </dl>
-        </dl>
-
-        <dl class="page-index">
-          <dt><a href="#get_member-spec">Class Template <code>get_member</code></a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="page-index">
-
-              <dt><a href="#get_member-spec-synopsis">Class Template
-              <code>get_member</code> synopsis</a>
-
-              <dt><a href="#get_member-spec-statics">Class Template
-              <code>get_member</code> static functions</a>
-            </dl>
-        </dl>
-
-      <dt><a href="#examples">Example</a>
-    </dl>
-    <hr>
-
-    <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
-
-    <code>&lt;boost/python/lvalue_from_python.hpp&gt;</code> supplies
-    a facility for extracting C++ objects from within instances of a
-    given Python type. This is typically useful for dealing with
-    &quot;traditional&quot; Python extension types.
-
-    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
-
-    <h3><a name="lvalue_from_python-spec"></a>Class template <code>lvalue_from_python</code></h3>
-
-    <p>Class template <code>lvalue_from_python</code> will register
-    from_python converters which extract a references and pointers to
-    a C++ type which is held within an object of a given Python
-    type. Its template arguments are:
-
-    <p>
-
-
-    <table border="1" summary="lvalue_from_python template parameters">
-      <caption>
-        <b><code>lvalue_from_python</code> Requirements</b><br>
-
-        In the table below, <b><code>x</code></b> denotes an object of type <code>PythonObject&amp;</code>
-
-      </caption>
-      <tr>
-        <th>Parameter
-        
-        <th>Requirements
-
-        <th>Description
-
-        <th>Default
-
-      <tr>
-        <td><code>python_type</code> 
-
-        <td>A compile-time constant <code><a
-        href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ext/dnt-type-methods.html">PyTypeObject</a>*</code>
-
-        <td>The Python type of instances convertible by this
-        converter. Python subtypes are also convertible.
-
-      <tr>
-        <td><code>Value</code> 
-
-        <td>A non-reference type.
-
-        <td>The C++ type to be extracted
-
-      <tr>
-        <td><code>PythonObject</code> 
-
-        <td>initial <code>sizeof(PyObject)</code> bytes are
-        layout-compatible with <code>PyObject</code>.
-
-        <td>The C++ type used to hold Python instances of
-        <code>python_type</code>.
-
-        <td><code>Value</code> 
-
-      <tr>
-        <td><code>Extract</code> 
-
-        <td><code>Value&amp; v = Extract::execute(x);</code> 
-
-        <td>A type whose static <code>execute</code> function extracts a <code>Value</code> reference from within an object of type <code>PythonObject</code>.
-
-        <td>An unspecified type whose <code>execute</code> function consists of <code>return&nbsp;x;</code>
-    </table>
-
-    If only the first two template arguments are supplied, these
-    converters extract the entire <code>PythonObject</code> as a
-    whole.
-
-    <p>
-
-    If the lifetime of the <code>lvalue_from_python</code> object ends
-    before the last attempt to convert to one its target types, the
-    behavior is undefined. The easiest way to ensure correct behavior
-    is to declare an <code>lvalue_from_python</code> instance as a
-    static local in a <a
-    href="module.html#BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT-spec">module init
-    function</a>, as shown in the <a href="#examples">example</a>
-    below.
-
-    <h4><a name="lvalue_from_python-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>lvalue_from_python</code> synopsis</h4>
-<pre>
-namespace boost { namespace python
-{
-   template &lt;
-      PyTypeObject const* python_type
-      , class Value
-      , class PythonObject = Value
-      , class Extract = <i>unspecified</i>
-      &gt;
-   class lvalue_from_python
-   {
-      lvalue_from_python();
-   };
-}}
-</pre>
-
-    <h4><a name="lvalue_from_python-spec-ctors"></a>Class template <code>lvalue_from_python</code> constructor</h4>
-<pre>
-lvalue_from_python();
-</pre>
-
-    <dl class="function-semantics">
-
-      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Registers from_python converters which
-      extract
-      <code>Value&amp;</code>, <code>Value const&amp;</code>,
-      <code>Value*</code>, or <code>Value const*</code> from Python
-      objects of type <code>python_type</code> using
-      <code>Extract::execute()</code>.
-
-    </dl>
-
-    <h3><a name="get_member-spec"></a>Class template <code>get_member</code></h3>
-
-    <p><code>get_member</code> can be used with
-    <code>lvalue_from_python</code> in the common case where the C++
-    type to be extracted is a member of the Python object.
-
-    <h4><a name="get_member-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>get_member</code> synopsis</h4>
-<pre>
-namespace boost { namespace python
-{
-  template &lt;class Class, class Member, Member (Class::*mp)&gt;
-  struct get_member
-  {
-     static Member&amp; execute(Class&amp; c);
-  };
-}}
-</pre>
-
-    <h4><a name="get_member-spec-statics"></a>Class template <code>get_member</code> static functions</h4>
-<pre>
-Member&amp; execute(Class&amp; c);
-</pre>
-
-    <dl class="function-semantics">
-
-      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>c.*mp</code>
-
-    </dl>
-
-
-    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2>
-
-This example presumes that someone has implemented the standard <a
-href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ext/dnt-basics.html">noddy
-example module</a> from the Python documentation, and we want to build
-a module which manipulates <code>Noddy</code>s. Since
-<code>noddy_NoddyObject</code> is so simple that it carries no
-interesting information, the example is a bit contrived: it assumes
-you want to keep track of one particular object for some reason.
-
-<h3>C++ module definition</h3>
-
-<pre>
-#include &lt;boost/python/reference.hpp&gt;
-#include &lt;boost/python/module.hpp&gt;
-
-// definition lifted from the Python docs
-typedef struct {
-   PyObject_HEAD
-} noddy_NoddyObject;
-
-using namespace boost::python;
-static ref cache;
-
-bool is_cached(noddy_NoddyObject* x)
-{
-   return x == cache.get();
-}
-
-void set_cache(noddy_NoddyObject* x)
-{
-   cache.reset((PyObject*)x, ref::increment_count);
-}
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(noddy_cache)
-{
-   module noddy_cache(&quot;noddy_cache&quot;)
-      .def(&quot;is_cached&quot;, is_cached)
-      .def(&quot;set_cache&quot;, set_cache)
-      ;
-}
-</pre>
-
-<h3>Python code</h3>
-
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; import noddy
-&gt;&gt;&gt; n = noddy.new_noddy()
-&gt;&gt;&gt; import noddy_cache
-&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.is_cached(n)
-0
-&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.set_cache(n)
-&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.is_cached(n)
-1
-&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.is_cached(noddy.new_noddy())
-0
-</pre>
-
-    <p>Revised 
-    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
-     05 November, 2001 
-    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
-
-
-    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
-    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
-

doc/v2/lvalue_from_pytype.html

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/lvalue_from_python.hpp&gt;</title>
+
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+
+          <h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/lvalue_from_pytype.hpp&gt;</h2>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
+
+
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#lvalue_from_pytype-spec">Class Template <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code></a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+
+              <dt><a href="#lvalue_from_pytype-spec-synopsis">Class Template
+              <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#lvalue_from_pytype-spec-ctors">Class Template
+              <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code> constructor</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#extract_identity-spec">Class Template <code>extract_identity</code></a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+
+              <dt><a href="#extract_identity-spec-synopsis">Class Template
+              <code>extract_identity</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#extract_identity-spec-statics">Class Template
+              <code>extract_identity</code> static functions</a>
+            </dl>
+          <dt><a href="#extract_member-spec">Class Template <code>extract_member</code></a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+
+              <dt><a href="#extract_member-spec-synopsis">Class Template
+              <code>extract_member</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#extract_member-spec-statics">Class Template
+              <code>extract_member</code> static functions</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#examples">Example</a>
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+    <code>&lt;boost/python/lvalue_from_pytype.hpp&gt;</code> supplies
+    a facility for extracting C++ objects from within Python instances
+    of a given type. This is typically useful for dealing with
+    &quot;traditional&quot; Python extension types.
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="lvalue_from_pytype-spec"></a>Class template <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code></h3>
+
+    <p>Class template <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code> will register
+    from_python converters which, given an object of the given Python
+    type, can extract references and pointers to a particular C++
+    type. Its template arguments are:
+
+    <p>
+
+
+    <table border="1" summary="lvalue_from_pytype template parameters">
+      <caption>
+        <b><code>lvalue_from_pytype</code> Requirements</b><br>
+
+        In the table below, <b><code>x</code></b> denotes an object of type <code>PythonObject&amp;</code>
+
+      </caption>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Parameter
+        
+        <th>Requirements
+
+        <th>Semantics
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>Extractor</code> 
+
+        <td>a model of <a
+        href="Extractor.html#Extractor-concept">Extractor</a> whose
+        execute function returns a reference type.
+
+        <td>Extracts the lvalue from the Python object once its type has been confirmed
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>python_type</code> 
+
+        <td>A compile-time constant <code><a
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ext/dnt-type-methods.html">PyTypeObject</a>*</code>
+
+        <td>The Python type of instances convertible by this
+        converter. Python subtypes are also convertible.
+
+    </table>
+
+    <h4><a name="lvalue_from_pytype-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+   template &lt;class Extractor, PyTypeObject const* python_type&gt;
+   struct lvalue_from_pytype
+   {
+       lvalue_from_pytype();
+   };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="lvalue_from_pytype-spec-ctors"></a>Class template <code>lvalue_from_pytype</code> constructor</h4>
+<pre>
+lvalue_from_pytype();
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Registers converters which can convert
+      Python objects of the given type to lvalues of the type returned
+      by <code>Extractor::execute</code>.
+
+    </dl>
+
+    <h3><a name="extract_identity-spec"></a>Class template <code>extract_identity</code></h3>
+
+    <p><code>extract_identity</code> is a model of <a
+    href="Extractor.html#Extractor-concept">Extractor</a> which can be
+    used in the common case where the C++ type to be extracted is the
+    same as the Python object type.
+
+    <h4><a name="extract_identity-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template
+    <code>extract_identity</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+   template &lt;class InstanceType&gt;
+   struct extract_identity
+   {
+      static InstanceType&amp; execute(InstanceType&amp; c);
+   };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="extract_identity-spec-statics"></a>Class template <code>extract_identity</code> static functions</h4>
+<pre>
+InstanceType&amp; execute(InstanceType&amp; c);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>c</code>
+
+    </dl>
+
+
+    <h3><a name="extract_member-spec"></a>Class template <code>extract_member</code></h3>
+
+    <p><code>extract_member</code> is a model of <a
+    href="Extractor.html#Extractor-concept">Extractor</a> which can be
+    used in the common case in the common case where the C++
+    type to be extracted is a member of the Python object.
+
+    <h4><a name="extract_member-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>extract_member</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+   template &lt;class InstanceType, class MemberType, MemberType (InstanceType::*member)&gt;
+   struct extract_member
+   {
+      static MemberType&amp; execute(InstanceType&amp; c);
+   };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="extract_member-spec-statics"></a>Class template <code>extract_member</code> static functions</h4>
+<pre>
+static MemberType&amp; execute(InstanceType&amp; c);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>c.*member</code>
+
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2>
+
+This example presumes that someone has implemented the standard <a
+href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/ext/dnt-basics.html">noddy
+example module</a> from the Python documentation, and we want to build
+a module which manipulates <code>Noddy</code>s. Since
+<code>noddy_NoddyObject</code> is so simple that it carries no
+interesting information, the example is a bit contrived: it assumes
+you want to keep track of one particular object for some reason. This
+module would have to be dynamically linked to the module which defines
+<code>noddy_NoddyType</code>.
+
+<h3>C++ module definition</h3>
+
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/python/reference.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/python/module.hpp&gt;
+
+// definition lifted from the Python docs
+typedef struct {
+   PyObject_HEAD
+} noddy_NoddyObject;
+
+using namespace boost::python;
+static reference&lt;PyObject&gt; cache;
+
+bool is_cached(noddy_NoddyObject* x)
+{
+   return x == cache.get();
+}
+
+void set_cache(noddy_NoddyObject* x)
+{
+   cache.reset((PyObject*)x, ref::increment_count);
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(noddy_cache)
+{
+   module noddy_cache(&quot;noddy_cache&quot;)
+      .def(&quot;is_cached&quot;, is_cached)
+      .def(&quot;set_cache&quot;, set_cache)
+      ;
+
+   // register Noddy lvalue converter
+   lvalue_from_pytype&lt;extract_identity&lt;noddy_NoddyObject&gt;,&amp;noddy_NoddyType&gt;();
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Python code</h3>
+
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; import noddy
+&gt;&gt;&gt; n = noddy.new_noddy()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; import noddy_cache
+&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.is_cached(n)
+0
+&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.set_cache(n)
+&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.is_cached(n)
+1
+&gt;&gt;&gt; noddy_cache.is_cached(noddy.new_noddy())
+0
+</pre>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+     05 November, 2001 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+
+
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+

doc/v2/make_function.html

@@ -78,12 +78,17 @@ objects::function* make_function(F f, Policies const& policies)
 <a name=
 "make_constructor-spec">template &lt;class T, class ArgList, class Generator&gt;
 objects::function* make_constructor();</a>
+
+template &lt;class ArgList, class Generator, class Policies&gt;
+objects::function* make_constructor(Policies const&amp; policies)
 </pre>
 
     <dl class="function-semantics">
-      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>T</code> is a class type. <code>ArgList</code>
-      is an <a href="../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a> of C++
-      argument types (<i>A1, A2,... AN</i>) such that if
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>T</code> is a class
+      type. <code>Policies</code> is a model of <a
+      href="CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a>. <code>ArgList</code>
+      is an <a href="../../../mpl/doc/Sequences.html">MPL sequence</a>
+      of C++ argument types (<i>A1, A2,... AN</i>) such that if
       <code>a1, a2</code>... <code>aN</code> are objects of type
       <i>A1, A2,... AN</i> respectively, the expression <code>new
       Generator::apply&lt;T&gt;::type(a1, a2</code>... <code>aN</code>) is
@@ -94,8 +99,12 @@ objects::function* make_constructor();</a>
       from Python, expects its first argument to be a Boost.Python extension
       class object. It converts its remaining its arguments to C++ and passes
       them to the constructor of a dynamically-allocated
-      <code>Generator::apply&lt;T&gt;::type</code> object. The result is
-      installed in the extension class object.
+      <code>Generator::apply&lt;T&gt;::type</code> object, which is
+      then installed in the extension class object. In the second
+      form, the <code>policies</code> are applied to the arguments and
+      result (<a
+      href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/bltin-null-object.html">None</a>)
+      of the Python callable object
 
       <dt><b>Returns:</b> The new Python callable object
     </dl>

doc/v2/manage_new_object.html

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     <code>manage_new_object</code></h3>
 
     <p><code>manage_new_object</code> is a model of <a href=
-    "ResultConverterGenerator.html">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
+    "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
     used to wrap C++ functions which return a pointer to an object allocated
     with a <i>new-expression</i>, and expect the caller to take responsibility
     for deleting that object.
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ using namespace boost::python;
 BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(my_module)
 {
    module("my_module")
-      .def("make_foo", make_foo)
+      .def("make_foo", make_foo, return_value_policy&lt;manage_new_object&gt;)
       .add(
          class_&lt;Foo&gt;()
             .def("get_x", &amp;Foo::get_x)

doc/v2/module.html

@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@
 
     <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
 
-    <p>{{Introductory text}}
+    <p>This header provides the basic facilities needed to create an
+    extension module.
 
     <h2><a name="macros"></a>Macros</h2>
 

doc/v2/operators.html

@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/operators.hpp&gt;</title>
+
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+
+          <h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/operators.hpp&gt;</h2>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
+
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+
+          <dt><a href="#self_t-spec">Class <code>self_ns::self_t</code></a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#self_t-spec-synopsis">Class <code>self_t</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#self_t-spec-inplace">Class <code>self_t</code> inplace operators</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#self_t-spec-comparisons">Class <code>self_t</code> comparison functions</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#self_t-spec-ops">Class <code>self_t</code> non-member operations</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#self_t-spec-value-unary-ops">Class <code>self_t</code> unary operations</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#self_t-spec-value-value-ops">Class <code>self_t</code> value operations</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="#other-spec">Class template <code>other</code></a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#other-spec-synopsis">Class <code>other</code> synopsis</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="#operator_-spec">Class template <code>operator_</code></a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#operator_-spec-synopsis">Class <code>operator_</code> synopsis</a>
+            </dl>
+ 
+         </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#objects">Objects</a>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#self-spec">self</a>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#examples">Examples</a>
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+    <p><code>&lt;boost/python/operators.hpp&gt;</code> provides types
+    and functions for automatically generating Python <a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/ref/specialnames.html">special
+    methods</a> from the corresponding C++ constructs. Most of these
+    constructs are operator expressions, hence the name. To use the
+    facility, substitute the <code><a
+    href="#self-spec">self</a></code> object for an object of the
+    class type being wrapped in the expression to be exposed, and pass
+    the result to <a
+    href="class.html#class_-spec-modifiers">class_&lt;&gt;::def()</a>. Much
+    of what is exposed in this header should be considered part of the
+    implementation, so is not documented in detail here.
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="self_t-spec"></a>Class <code>self_ns::self_t</code></h3>
+
+    <p><code>self_ns::self_t</code> is the actual type of the <a
+    href="#self-spec"><code>self</code></a> object. The library
+    isolates <code>self_t</code> in its own namespace,
+    <code>self_ns</code>, in order to prevent the generalized operator
+    templates which operate on it from being found by
+    argument-dependent lookup in other contexts. This should be
+    considered an implementation detail, since users should never have
+    to mention <code>self_t</code> directly.
+
+    <h4><a name="self_t-spec-synopsis"></a>Class <code>self_ns::self_t</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace self_ns {
+{
+   class self_t {};
+
+   // inplace operators
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator+=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator-=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator*=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator/=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator%=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&gt;&gt;=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&lt;&lt;=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&amp;=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator^=(self_t, T);
+   template &lt;class T&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator|=(self_t, T);
+
+   // comparisons
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator==(L const&amp;, R const&amp;);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator!=(L const&amp;, R const&amp;);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&lt;(L const&amp;, R const&amp;);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&gt;(L const&amp;, R const&amp;);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&lt;=(L const&amp;, R const&amp;);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&gt;=(L const&amp;, R const&amp;);
+
+   // non-member operations
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator+(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator-(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator*(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator/(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator%(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&gt;&gt;(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&lt;&lt;(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator&amp;(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator^(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator|(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+   template &lt;class L, class R&gt; <a
+   href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; pow(L const&amp;, R const&amp);
+
+   // unary operations
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator-(self_t);
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator+(self_t);
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; operator~(self_t);
+
+   // value operations
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; int_(self_t);
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; long_(self_t);
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; float_(self_t);
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; complex_(self_t);
+   <a href="#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; str(self_t);
+
+}}};
+</pre>
+
+The tables below describe the methods generated when the results of
+the expressions described are passed as arguments to <a
+href="class.html#class_-spec-modifiers">class_&lt;&gt;::def()</a>.
+<code><b>x</b></code> is an object of the class type being wrapped.
+
+
+    <h4><a name="self_t-spec-inplace"></a>Class <code>self_t</code> inplace operators</h4>
+
+
+
+In the table below, If <code><b>r</b></code> is an object of type
+<code><a href="#other-spec">other</a>&lt;T&gt;</code>, 
+<code><b>y</b></code> is an object of type <code>T</code>; otherwise,
+<code><b>y</b></code> is an object of the same type as
+<code><b>r</b></code>.
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr>
+  <th>C++ Expression
+  <th>Python Method Name
+  <th>C++ Implementation
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;+=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__iadd__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;+=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;-=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__isub__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;-=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;*=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__imul__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;*=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;/=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__idiv__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;/=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;%=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__imod__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;%=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;&gt;&gt;=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__irshift__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;&gt;&gt;=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;&lt;&lt;=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__ilshift__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;&lt;&lt;=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;&amp;=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__iand__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;&amp;=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;^=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__ixor__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;^=&nbsp;y</code>
+
+<tr><td><code>self&nbsp;|=&nbsp;r</code>
+<td><code>__ior__</code>
+<td><code>x&nbsp;|=&nbsp;y</code>
+</table>
+
+    <h4><a name="self_t-spec-comparisons"></a>Class <code>self_t</code> comparison
+    functions</h4>
+
+In the tables below, if <code><b>r</b></code> is of type <code><a
+href="#self_t-spec">self_t</a></code>, <code><b>y</b></code> is an object
+of the same type as <code>x</code>;
+<br>
+if <code><b>l</b></code>  or <code><b>r</b></code> is an object of type <code><a
+href="#other-spec">other</a>&lt;T&gt;</code>,
+<code><b>y</b></code> is an object of type <code>T</code>; 
+<br>
+otherwise, <code><b>y</b></code> is an object of the same type as
+<code><b>l</b></code> or <code><b>r</b></code>.<br>
+<code><b>l</b></code>
+is never of type <code><a href="#self_t-spec">self_t</a></code>.
+
+<p>
+The column of <b>Python Expressions</b> illustrates the expressions
+that will be supported in Python for objects convertible to the types
+of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>. The secondary operation arises
+due to Python's <a
+href="http://www.python.org/doc/ref/customization.html#l2h-89">reflection
+rules</a> for rich comparison operators, and are only used when the
+corresponding operation is not defined as a method of the
+<code>y</code> object.
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>C++ Expression <th>Python Method Name <th>C++ Implementation
+<th>Python Expressions<br>(primary, secondary)
+<code>
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;==&nbsp;r <td>__eq__ <td>x&nbsp;==&nbsp;y
+<td>x&nbsp;==&nbsp;y, y&nbsp;==&nbsp;x 
+
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;==&nbsp;self <td>__eq__ <td>y&nbsp;==&nbsp;x
+<td>y&nbsp;==&nbsp;x, x&nbsp;==&nbsp;y
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;!=&nbsp;r <td>__ne__ <td>x&nbsp;!=&nbsp;y
+<td>x&nbsp;!=&nbsp;y, y&nbsp;!=&nbsp;x 
+
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;!=&nbsp;self <td>__ne__ <td>y&nbsp;!=&nbsp;x
+<td>y&nbsp;!=&nbsp;x, x&nbsp;!=&nbsp;y
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;r <td>__lt__ <td>x&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;y
+<td>x&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;y, y&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;x 
+
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;self <td>__gt__ <td>y&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;x
+<td>y&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;x, x&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;y
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;r <td>__gt__ <td>x&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;y
+<td>x&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;y, y&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;x 
+
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;self <td>__lt__ <td>y&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;x
+<td>y&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;x, x&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;y
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;r <td>__le__ <td>x&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;y
+<td>x&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;y, y&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;x 
+
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;self <td>__ge__ <td>y&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;x
+<td>y&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;x, x&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;y
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;r <td>__ge__ <td>x&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;y
+<td>x&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;y, y&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;x 
+
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;self <td>__le__ <td>y&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;x
+<td>y&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;x, x&nbsp;&gt;=&nbsp;y
+
+</code>
+</table>
+
+
+    <h4><a name="self_t-spec-ops"></a>Class
+    <code>self_t</code> non-member operations</h4>
+
+The operations whose names begin with &quot;<code>__r</code>&quot;
+below will only be called if the left-hand operand does not already
+support the given operation, as described <a
+href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/numeric-types.html#l2h-152">here</a>.
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>C++ Expression <th>Python Method Name <th>C++ Implementation
+<code>
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;+&nbsp;r <td>__add__ <td>x&nbsp;+&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;+&nbsp;self <td>__radd__ <td>y&nbsp;+&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;-&nbsp;r <td>__sub__ <td>x&nbsp;-&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;-&nbsp;self <td>__rsub__ <td>y&nbsp;-&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;*&nbsp;r <td>__mul__ <td>x&nbsp;*&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;*&nbsp;self <td>__rmul__ <td>y&nbsp;*&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;/&nbsp;r <td>__div__ <td>x&nbsp;/&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;/&nbsp;self <td>__rdiv__ <td>y&nbsp;/&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;%&nbsp;r <td>__mod__ <td>x&nbsp;%&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;%&nbsp;self <td>__rmod__ <td>y&nbsp;%&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;r <td>__rshift__ <td>x&nbsp;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;self <td>__rrshift__ <td>y&nbsp;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;r <td>__lshift__ <td>x&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;self <td>__rlshift__ <td>y&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;r <td>__and__ <td>x&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;self <td>__rand__ <td>y&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;^&nbsp;r <td>__xor__ <td>x&nbsp;^&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;^&nbsp;self <td>__rxor__ <td>y&nbsp;^&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>self&nbsp;|&nbsp;r <td>__or__ <td>x&nbsp;|&nbsp;y
+<tr><td>l&nbsp;|&nbsp;self <td>__ror__ <td>y&nbsp;|&nbsp;x
+
+<tr><td>pow(self,&nbsp;r) <td>__pow__ <td>pow(x,&nbsp;y)
+<tr><td>pow(l,&nbsp;self) <td>__rpow__ <td>pow(y,&nbsp;x)
+
+</code>
+</table>
+
+
+    <h4><a name="self_t-spec-unary-ops"></a>Class
+    <code>self_t</code> unary operations</h4>
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>C++ Expression <th>Python Method Name <th>C++ Implementation
+<code>
+
+<tr><td>-self <td>__neg__ <td>-x
+<tr><td>+self<td>__pos__ <td>+x
+<tr><td>~self<td>__invert__ <td>~x
+
+</code>
+</table>
+
+
+    <h4><a name="self_t-spec-value-ops"></a>Class
+    <code>self_t</code> value operations</h4>
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>C++ Expression <th>Python Method Name <th>C++ Implementation
+<code>
+
+<tr><td>int_(self)<td>__int__ <td>long(x)
+<tr><td>long_<td>__long__ <td>PyLong_FromLong(x)
+<tr><td>float_<td>__float__ <td>double(x)
+<tr><td>complex_<td>__complex__ <td>std::complex&lt;double&gt;(x)
+<tr><td>str<td>__str__ <td><a href="../../../conversion/lexical_cast.htm#lexical_cast">lexical_cast</a>&lt;std::string&gt;(x)
+
+</code>
+</table>
+
+
+
+    <h3><a name="other-spec"></a>Class Template <code>other</code></h3>
+
+    <p>Instances of <code>other&lt;T&gt;</code> can be used in
+    operator expressions with <a href="#self-spec">self</a>; the
+    result is equivalent to the same expression with a <code>T</code>
+    object in place of <code>other&lt;T&gt;</code>. Use
+    <code>other&lt;T&gt;</code> to prevent construction of a
+    <code>T</code> object in case it is heavyweight, when no
+    constructor is available, or simply for clarity.
+
+    <h4><a name="other-spec-synopsis"></a>Class Template other synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  template &lt;class T&gt;
+  struct other
+  {
+  };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+<!-- -->
+
+    <h3><a name="operator_-spec"></a>Class Template <code>detail::operator_</code></h3>
+
+    <p>Instantiations of <code>detail::operator_&lt;&gt;</code> are
+    used as the return type of operator expressions involving <code><a
+    href="#self-spec">self</a></code>. This should be considered an
+    implementation detail and is only documented here as a way of
+    showing how the result of <code>self</code>-expressions match
+    calls to <a
+    href="class.html#class_-spec-modifiers">class_&lt;&gt;::def()</a>.
+    
+    <h4><a name="operator_-spec-synopsis"></a>Class Template
+    <code>detail::operator_</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail
+{
+  template &lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt;
+  struct operator_
+  {
+  };
+}}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h2><a name="objects"></a>Objects</h2>
+
+    <p><a name="self-spec"><code>self</code></a>
+
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  extern self_ns self;
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2>
+
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/python/module.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/python/class.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/python/operators.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/operators.hpp&gt;
+
+struct number
+   : boost::<a href="../../../utility/operators.htm#grpd_oprs">integer_arithmetic</a>&lt;number&gt;
+{
+   number(long x_) : x(x_) {}
+   operator long() const { return x; }
+
+   number&amp; operator+=(number const&amp; rhs)
+      { x += rhs }
+   number&amp; operator-=(number const&amp; rhs);
+      { x -= rhs }
+   number&amp; operator*=(number const&amp; rhs)
+      { x *= rhs }
+   number&amp; operator/=(number const&amp; rhs);
+      { x /= rhs }
+   number&amp; operator%=(number const&amp; rhs);
+      { x %= rhs }
+
+   long x;
+};
+
+using namespace boost::python;
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(demo)
+{
+   module(&quot;demo&quot;)
+      .add(
+         class_&lt;number&gt;(&quot;number&quot;)
+            // interoperate with self
+            .def(self += self)
+            .def(self + self)
+            .def(self -= self)
+            .def(self - self)
+            .def(self *= self)
+            .def(self * self)
+            .def(self /= self)
+            .def(self / self)
+            .def(self %= self)
+            .def(self % self)
+            
+            // Convert to Python int
+            .def(int_(self))
+
+            // interoperate with long
+            .def(self += long())
+            .def(self + long())
+            .def(long() + self)
+            .def(self -= long())
+            .def(self - long())
+            .def(long() - self)
+            .def(self *= long())
+            .def(self * long())
+            .def(long() * self)
+            .def(self /= long())
+            .def(self / long())
+            .def(long() / self)
+            .def(self %= long())
+            .def(self % long())
+            .def(long() % self)
+
+         )
+      ;
+}
+</pre>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+     3 June, 2002
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+
+
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+

doc/v2/overview.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/progress_reports.html

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+<title>Boost.Python - Progress Reports</title>
+</head>
+<body link="#0000ff" vlink="#800080">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+  <tr> 
+    <td valign="top" width="300"> 
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top"> 
+      <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+      <h2 align="center">Progress Reports</h2>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<hr>
+
+Monthly progress reports are required as part of Boost Consulting's
+contract with LLNL for Boost.Python development. These reports contain
+a useful record of the project history, including the rationale for
+design decisions and links to relevant discussions.
+
+<dl class="page-index">
+  <dt><a href="feb2002.html">February 2002</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="Mar2002.html">March 2002</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="Apr2002.html">April 2002</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="May2002.html">May 2002</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="Jun2002.html">June 2002</a></dt>
+</dl>
+<hr>
+<p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+  18 July, 2002
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+</p>
+<p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 
+  2002. All Rights Reserved.</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>

doc/v2/ptr.html

@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@
     which can be similarly used to prevent copying of referents.
 
     <p><code>ptr(p)</code> returns an instance of <code><a
-    href="#pointer_wrapper">pointer_wrapper&lt;&gt;</a></code>, which
+    href="#pointer_wrapper-spec">pointer_wrapper&lt;&gt;</a></code>, which
     can be detected using the <code><a
-    href="#pointer_wrapper">is_pointer_wrapper&lt;&gt;</a></code>
+    href="#is_pointer_wrapper-spec">is_pointer_wrapper&lt;&gt;</a></code>
     metafunction; <code><a
-    href="#pointer_wrapper">unwrap_pointer&lt;&gt;</a></code> is a
+    href="#unwrap_pointer-spec">unwrap_pointer&lt;&gt;</a></code> is a
     metafunction which extracts the original pointer type from a
     <code>pointer_wrapper&lt;&gt;</code>. These classes can be thought
     of as implementation details.
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ void pass_as_arg(expensive_to_copy* x, PyObject* f)
 
     <p>Revised 
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
-     07 May, 2002 
+     29 May, 2002 
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
 
 

doc/v2/rationale.html

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "header">
   <tr> 
     <td valign="top" width="300"> 
-      <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
     </td>
     <td valign="top"> 
       <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>

doc/v2/reference.html

@@ -1,191 +1,280 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
     <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
+    "text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
 
     <title>Boost.Python - Reference</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+ p.c3 {font-style: italic}
+ h2.c2 {text-align: center}
+ h1.c1 {text-align: center}
+</style>
 
-    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
-    "reference">
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
+    summary="reference">
       <tr>
         <td valign="top" width="300">
-          <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
-          "C++ Boost" src="../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+          <h3><a href="http://www.boost.org"><img height="86" width=
+          "277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border=
+          "0"></a></h3>
 
         <td valign="top">
-          <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+          <h1 class="c1">Boost.Python</h1>
 
-          <h2 align="center">Reference</h2>
+          <h2 class="c2">Reference</h2>
     </table>
     <hr>
 
     <h2>Contents</h2>
 
     <dl class="Reference">
+      <dt><a href="#concepts">Concepts</a>
+
       <dt><a href="#high_level">High Level Components</a>
 
-      <dt><a href="#models_of_call_policies">Models of CallPolicies</a>
+      <dt><a href="#invocation">Function Invocation and Creation</a>
 
-      <dt><a href="#return_handler_generators">Models of ReturnHandlerGenerator</a>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="#models_of_call_policies">Models of
+          CallPolicies</a>
+
+          <dt><a href="#models_of_result_converter">Models of
+          ResultConverter</a>
+
+          <dt><a href="#result_converter_generators">Models of
+          ResultConverterGenerator</a>
+        </dl>
 
       <dt><a href="#type_conversion">To/From Python Type Conversion</a>
 
-      <dt><a href="#by_name">Index By Name</a>
+      <dt><a href="#utility">Utility and Infrastructure</a>
     </dl>
-    <a name="high_level"></a>
+    <hr>
+    <!-- xxxxx -->
 
-    <h2>High Level Components</h2>
+    <h2><a name="concepts">Concepts</a></h2>
 
     <dl class="index">
+      <dt><a href=
+      "CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>
+
+      <dt><a href=
+      "Dereferenceable.html#Dereferenceable-concept">Dereferenceable</a>
+
+      <dt><a href=
+      "Dereferenceable.html#Extractor-concept">Extractor</a>
+
+      <dt><a href=
+      "HolderGenerator.html#HolderGenerator-concept">HolderGenerator</a>
+
+      <dt><a href=
+      "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverter-concept">ResultConverter</a>
+
+      <dt><a href=
+      "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a>
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="high_level">High Level Components</a></h2>
+
+    <dl>
+      <dt><a href="class.html">class.hpp/class_fwd.hpp</a>
+
       <dd>
-        <a name="general_purpose"></a>
-
-        <h3>General Purpose</h3>
-
         <dl class="index">
-
-          <dt><a href="call.html">call.hpp</a>
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="call.html#functions">Functions</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "call.html#call-spec">call</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="call_method.html">call_method.hpp</a>
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="call_method.html#functions">Functions</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "call_method.html#call_method-spec">call_method</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="class.html">class.hpp/class_fwd.hpp</a>
+          <dt><a href="class.html#classes">Classes</a>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="class.html#classes">Classes</a>
+              <dt><a href="class.html#class_-spec">class_</a>
 
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="class.html#class_-spec">class_</a>
+              <dt><a href="class.html#bases-spec">bases</a>
 
-                  <dt><a href="class.html#bases-spec">bases</a>
-
-                  <dt><a href="class.html#args-spec">args</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="data_members.html">data_members.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="data_members.html#functions">Functions</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "data_members.html#make_getter-spec">make_getter</a>
-
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "data_members.html#make_setter-spec">make_setter</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="errors.html">errors.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="errors.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "errors.html#error_already_set-spec">error_already_set</a>
-                </dl>
-
-              <dt><a href="errors.html#functions">Functions</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "errors.html#handle_exception-spec">handle_exception</a>
-
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "errors.html#expect_non_null-spec">expect_non_null</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="make_function.html">make_function.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="make_function.html#classes">Functions</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "make_function.html#make_function-spec">make_function</a>
-
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "make_.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="module.html">module.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="module.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="module.html#module-spec">module</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="objects.html">objects.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="objects.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="objects.html#xxx-spec">not yet documented</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html">reference.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html#reference-spec">reference</a>
-                </dl>
-
-              <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html#types">Types</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html#ref-spec">ref</a>
-                </dl>
+              <dt><a href="class.html#args-spec">args</a>
             </dl>
         </dl>
 
+      <dt><a href="errors.html">errors.hpp</a>
 
-        <a name="models_of_call_policies"></a>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="errors.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "errors.html#error_already_set-spec">error_already_set</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="errors.html#functions">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "errors.html#handle_exception-spec">handle_exception</a>
+
+              <dt><a href=
+              "errors.html#expect_non_null-spec">expect_non_null</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="iterator.html">iterator.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+
+          <dt><a href="iterator.html#classes">Classes</a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="iterator.html#iterator-spec">iterator</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="iterator.html#iterators-spec">iterators</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="iterator.html#functions">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="iterator.html#range-spec">range</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="module.html">module.hpp</a>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="module.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="module.html#module-spec">module</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="objects.html">objects.hpp</a>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="objects.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="objects.html#xxx-spec">not yet
+              documented</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="operators.html">operators.hpp</a>
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="operators.html#classes">Classes</a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="operators.html#self_t-spec">self_t</a>
+              <dt><a href="operators.html#other-spec">other</a>
+              <dt><a href="operators.html#operator_-spec">operator_</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="operators.html#functions">Objects</a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="operators.html#self-spec">self</a>
+            </dl>
+
+        </dl>
+
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="invocation">Function Invocation and Creation</a></h2>
+
+    <dl class="index">
+      <dt><a href="call.html">call.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="call.html#functions">Functions</a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="call.html#call-spec">call</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="call_method.html">call_method.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="call_method.html#functions">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "call_method.html#call_method-spec">call_method</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="data_members.html">data_members.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="data_members.html#functions">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "data_members.html#make_getter-spec">make_getter</a>
+
+              <dt><a href=
+              "data_members.html#make_setter-spec">make_setter</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="make_function.html">make_function.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="make_function.html#classes">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "make_function.html#make_function-spec">make_function</a>
+
+              <dt><a href=
+              "make_function.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="ptr.html">ptr.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="ptr.html#functions">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="ptr.html#ptr-spec">ptr</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="ptr.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "ptr.html#pointer_wrapper-spec">pointer_wrapper</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="ptr.html#metafunctions">MetaFunctions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "ptr.html#is_pointer_wrapper-spec">is_pointer_wrapper</a>
+
+              <dt><a href=
+              "ptr.html#unwrap_pointer-spec">unwrap_pointer</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+        <a name="models_of_call_policies"></a> 
 
         <h3>Models of CallPolicies</h3>
 
@@ -195,15 +284,18 @@
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="default_call_policies.html#classes">Classes</a>
+              <dt><a href=
+              "default_call_policies.html#classes">Classes</a>
 
               <dd>
                 <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "default_call_policies.html#default_call_policies-spec">default_call_policies</a>
+                  <dt><a href= 
+                  "default_call_policies.html#default_call_policies-spec">
+                  default_call_policies</a>
 
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "default_call_policies.html#default_result_converter-spec">default_result_converter</a>
+                  <dt><a href= 
+                  "default_call_policies.html#default_result_converter-spec">
+                  default_result_converter</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
 
@@ -212,25 +304,28 @@
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="return_internal_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
+              <dt><a href=
+              "return_internal_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
 
               <dd>
                 <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
+                  <dt><a href= 
                   "return_internal_reference.html#return_internal_reference-spec">
                   return_internal_reference</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
 
-          <dt><a href="return_value_policy.html">return_value_policy.hpp</a>
+          <dt><a href=
+          "return_value_policy.html">return_value_policy.hpp</a>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="return_value_policy.html#classes">Classes</a>
+              <dt><a href=
+              "return_value_policy.html#classes">Classes</a>
 
               <dd>
                 <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
+                  <dt><a href= 
                   "return_value_policy.html#return_value_policy-spec">return_value_policy</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
@@ -240,179 +335,28 @@
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="with_custodian_and_ward.html#classes">Classes</a>
+              <dt><a href=
+              "with_custodian_and_ward.html#classes">Classes</a>
 
               <dd>
                 <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "with_custodian_and_ward.html#with_custodian_and_ward-spec">with_custodian_and_ward</a>
+                  <dt><a href= 
+                  "with_custodian_and_ward.html#with_custodian_and_ward-spec">
+                  with_custodian_and_ward</a>
 
-                  <dt><a href=
+                  <dt><a href= 
                   "with_custodian_and_ward.html#with_custodian_and_ward_postcall-spec">
                   with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
         </dl>
-        <a name="return_handler_generators"></a>
+        <a name="models_of_result_converter"></a> 
 
-        <h3>Models of ReturnHandlerGenerator</h3>
+        <h3>Models of ResultConverter</h3>
 
         <dl class="index">
-          <dt><a href="copy_const_reference.html">copy_const_reference.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="copy_const_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "copy_const_reference.html#copy_const_reference-spec">copy_const_reference</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
           <dt><a href=
-          "copy_non_const_reference.html">copy_non_const_reference.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="copy_non_const_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "copy_non_const_reference.html#copy_non_const_reference-spec">
-                  copy_non_const_reference</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="manage_new_object.html">manage_new_object.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="manage_new_object.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "manage_new_object.html#manage_new_object-spec">manage_new_object</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href=
-          "reference_existing_object.html">reference_existing_object.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="reference_existing_object.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "reference_existing_object.html#reference_existing_object-spec">
-                  reference_existing_object</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href=
-          "lvalue_from_python.html">reference_from_python.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="lvalue_from_python.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "lvalue_from_python.html#reference_from_python-spec">reference_from_python</a>
-
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "lvalue_from_python.html#get_member-spec">get_member</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-        </dl>
-
-        <a name="type_conversion"></a>
-
-        <h3>To/From Python Type Conversion</h3>
-
-        <dl class="index">
-          <dt><a href="from_python.html">from_python.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="from_python.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "from_python.html#from_python-spec">from_python</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="has_back_reference.html">has_back_reference.hpp</a>
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="has_back_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="has_back_reference.html#has_back_reference-spec">has_back_reference</a>
-                </dl>
-
-            </dl>
-
-
-          <dt><a href="implicit.html">implicit.hpp</a>
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="implicit.html#functions">Functions</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "implicit.html#implicitly_convertible-spec">implicitly_convertible</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="ptr.html">ptr.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="ptr.html#functions">Functions</a>
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="ptr.html#ptr-spec">ptr</a>
-                </dl>
-
-              <dt><a href="ptr.html#classes">Classes</a>
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="ptr.html#pointer_wrapper-spec">pointer_wrapper</a>
-                </dl>
-
-              <dt><a href="ptr.html#metafunctions">MetaFunctions</a>
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href="ptr.html#is_pointer_wrapper-spec">is_pointer_wrapper</a>
-                  <dt><a href="ptr.html#unwrap_pointer-spec">unwrap_pointer</a>
-                </dl>
-
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="to_python_converter.html">to_python_converter.hpp</a>
-
-          <dd>
-            <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="to_python_converter.html#classes">Classes</a>
-
-              <dd>
-                <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "to_python_converter.html#to_python_converter-spec">to_python_converter</a>
-                </dl>
-            </dl>
-
-          <dt><a href="to_python_indirect.html">to_python_indirect.hpp</a>
+          "to_python_indirect.html">to_python_indirect.hpp</a>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
@@ -420,7 +364,7 @@
 
               <dd>
                 <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
+                  <dt><a href= 
                   "to_python_indirect.html#to_python_indirect-spec">to_python_indirect</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
@@ -437,43 +381,231 @@
                   "to_python_value.html#to_python_value-spec">to_python_value</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
+        </dl>
+        <a name="result_converter_generators"></a> 
 
-          <dt><a href="type_from_python.html">type_from_python.hpp</a>
+        <h3>Models of ResultConverterGenerator</h3>
+
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href=
+          "copy_const_reference.html">copy_const_reference.hpp</a>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="type_from_python.html#classes">Classes</a>
+              <dt><a href=
+              "copy_const_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
 
               <dd>
                 <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "type_from_python.html#type_from_python-spec">type_from_python</a>
+                  <dt><a href= 
+                  "copy_const_reference.html#copy_const_reference-spec">
+                  copy_const_reference</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
 
-          <dt><a href="value_from_python.html">value_from_python.hpp</a>
+          <dt><a href=
+          "copy_non_const_reference.html">copy_non_const_reference.hpp</a>
 
           <dd>
             <dl class="index">
-              <dt><a href="value_from_python.html#classes">Classes</a>
+              <dt><a href=
+              "copy_non_const_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
 
               <dd>
                 <dl class="index">
-                  <dt><a href=
-                  "value_from_python.html#value_from_python-spec">value_from_python</a>
+                  <dt><a href= 
+                  "copy_non_const_reference.html#copy_non_const_reference-spec">
+                  copy_non_const_reference</a>
+                </dl>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href=
+          "manage_new_object.html">manage_new_object.hpp</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="manage_new_object.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+              <dd>
+                <dl class="index">
+                  <dt><a href= 
+                  "manage_new_object.html#manage_new_object-spec">manage_new_object</a>
+                </dl>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href=
+          "reference_existing_object.html">reference_existing_object.hpp</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "reference_existing_object.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+              <dd>
+                <dl class="index">
+                  <dt><a href= 
+                  "reference_existing_object.html#reference_existing_object-spec">
+                  reference_existing_object</a>
                 </dl>
             </dl>
         </dl>
+    </dl>
 
+    <h2><a name="type_conversion">To/From Python Type
+    Conversion</a></h2>
+
+    <dl class="index">
+      <dt><a href="from_python.html">from_python.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="from_python.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "from_python.html#from_python-spec">from_python</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="implicit.html">implicit.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="implicit.html#functions">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "implicit.html#implicitly_convertible-spec">implicitly_convertible</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="lvalue_from_pytype.html">lvalue_from_pytype.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="lvalue_from_pytype.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href= 
+              "lvalue_from_pytype.html#lvalue_from_pytype-spec">lvalue_from_pytype</a>
+
+              <dt><a href=
+              "lvalue_from_pytype.html#extract_identity-spec">extract_identity</a>
+
+              <dt><a href=
+              "lvalue_from_pytype.html#extract_member-spec">extract_member</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href=
+      "to_python_converter.html">to_python_converter.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="to_python_converter.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href= 
+              "to_python_converter.html#to_python_converter-spec">to_python_converter</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="utility">Utility and Infrastructure</a></h2>
+
+    <dl>
+      <dt><a href="has_back_reference.html">has_back_reference.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="has_back_reference.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href= 
+              "has_back_reference.html#has_back_reference-spec">has_back_reference</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="instance_holder.html">instance_holder.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="instance_holder.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "instance_holder.html#instance_holder-spec">instance_holder</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="pointee.html">pointee.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="pointee.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt>class template <a href=
+              "pointee.html#pointee">pointee</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html">reference.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href=
+              "reference_hpp.html#reference-spec">reference</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html#types">Types</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="reference_hpp.html#ref-spec">ref</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="type_id.html">type_id.hpp</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="index">
+          <dt><a href="type_id.html#functions">Functions</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="type_id.html#type_id-spec">type_id</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="type_id.html#classes">Classes</a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="index">
+              <dt><a href="type_id.html#type_info-spec">type_info</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
     </dl>
     <hr>
 
     <p>Revised 
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
-     05 November, 2002 
+    3 June, 2002 
     <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
 
 
-    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
-    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+    <p class="c3">&copy; Copyright <a href= 
+    "../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 2002. All
+    Rights Reserved.
 

doc/v2/reference_existing_object.html

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     <code>reference_existing_object</code></h3>
 
     <p><code>reference_existing_object</code> is a model of <a href=
-    "ResultConverterGenerator.html">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
+    "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a> which can be
     used to wrap C++ functions which return a reference or pointer to a C++
     object. When the wrapped function is called, the value referenced by its
     return value is not copied. A new Python object is created which contains a

doc/v2/return_value_policy.html

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     <code>return_value_policy</code> instantiations are simply models
     of <a href=
     "CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a> which are composed of a <a href=
-    "ResultConverterGenerator.html">ResultConverterGenerator</a> and optional <code>Base</code> <a href=
+    "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a> and optional <code>Base</code> <a href=
     "CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a>.
 
     <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
         <th>Default
 
       <tr>
-        <td><code>ResultConverterGenerator</code> 
+        <td><a href="ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a>
 
         <td>A model of <a href=
     "ResultConverterGenerator.html">ResultConverterGenerator</a>.

doc/v2/to_python_converter.html

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ struct tag_to_noddy
 
 BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(to_python_converter)
 {
-    module to_python("to_python_converter")
+    module("to_python_converter")
         .def("make_tag", make_tag)
         ;
     to_python_converter<tag, tag_to_noddy>();

doc/v2/to_python_indirect.html

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ of its first argument type to python as extension class instances, using the own
     </table>
 
     Instantiations of <code>to_python_indirect</code> are models of <a
-    href="ResultConverter.html">ResultConverter</a>.
+    href="ResultConverter.html#ResultConverter-concept">ResultConverter</a>.
 
 
     <h4><a name="to_python_indirect-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>to_python_indirect</code> synopsis</h4>
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ struct make_reference_holder
 
 struct reference_existing_object
 {
-   // metafunction returning the <a href="ResultConverter.html">ResultConverter</a>
+   // metafunction returning the <a href="ResultConverter.html#ResultConverter-concept">ResultConverter</a>
    template &lt;class T&gt;
    struct apply
    {

doc/v2/to_python_value.html

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/to_python_value.hpp&gt;</title>
+
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+
+          <h2 align="center">Header
+          &lt;boost/python/to_python_value.hpp&gt;</h2>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#to_python_value-spec">Class
+          <code>to_python_value</code></a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#to_python_value-spec-synopsis">Class template
+              <code>to_python_value</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#to_python_value-spec-observers">Class template
+              <code>to_python_value</code> observer functions</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="to_python_value-spec"></a>Class template
+    <code>to_python_value</code></h3>
+
+    <p><code>to_python_value</code> is a model of <a href=
+    "ResultConverter.html#ResultConverter-concept">ResultConverter</a>
+    which copies its argument into a new Python object.
+
+    <h4><a name="to_python_value-spec-synopsis"></a>Class
+    <code>to_python_value</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+   template &lt;class T&gt;
+   struct to_python_value
+   {
+      typedef typename <a href="../../../type_traits/index.htm#transformations">add_reference</a>&lt;
+         typename <a href="../../../type_traits/index.htm#transformations">add_const</a>&lt;T&gt;::type
+      &gt;::type argument_type;
+
+      static bool convertible();
+      PyObject* operator()(argument_type) const;
+   };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="to_python_value-spec-observers"></a>Class
+    <code>to_python_value</code> observers</h4>
+<pre>
+static bool convertible();
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>true</code> iff a converter has been registered which can convert <code>T</code> to python by-value.
+    </dl>
+
+<pre>
+PyObject* operator()(argument_type x) const;
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>convertible()&nbsp;==&nbsp;true</code>
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> converts <code>x</code> to python 
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> the resulting Python object iff a converter for <code>T</code> has been registered, <code>0</code> otherwise.
+    </dl>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+     15 February, 2002
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+
+
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+

doc/v2/type_id.html

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
+    "text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/type_id.hpp&gt;</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+ p.c4 {font-style: italic}
+ span.c3 {color: #ff0000}
+ h2.c2 {text-align: center}
+ h1.c1 {text-align: center}
+</style>
+
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
+    summary="header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width= 
+          "277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border=
+          "0"></a></h3>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 class="c1">Boost.Python</h1>
+
+          <h2 class="c2">Header &lt;boost/python/type_id.hpp&gt;</h2>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
+
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#type_info-spec">Class
+          <code>type_info</code></a>
+
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+              <dt><a href="#type_info-spec-synopsis">Class
+              <code>type_info</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#type_infospec-ctors">Class
+              <code>type_info</code> constructor</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#type_infospec-comparisons">Class
+              <code>type_info</code> comparison functions</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#type_infospec-observers">Class
+              <code>type_info</code> observer functions</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#functions">Functions</a>
+
+      <dd>
+        <dl class="page-index">
+          <dt><a href="#type_id-spec">type_id</a>
+        </dl>
+
+      <dt><a href="#examples">Example</a>
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
+
+    <p><code>&lt;boost/python/type_id.hpp&gt;</code> provides types and
+    functions for runtime type identification like those of of
+    <code>&lt;typeinfo&gt;</code>. It exists mostly to work around
+    certain compiler bugs and platform-dependent interactions with
+    shared libraries.
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="type_info-spec"></a>Class <code>type_info</code></h3>
+
+    <p><code>type_info</code> instances identify a type. As
+    <code>std::type_info</code> is specified to (but unlike its
+    implementation in some compilers),
+    <code>boost::python::type_info</code> never represents top-level
+    references or cv-qualification (see section 5.2.8 in the C++
+    standard). Unlike <code>std::type_info</code>,
+    <code>boost::python::type_info</code> instances are copyable, and
+    comparisons always work reliably across shared library boundaries.
+
+    <h4><a name="type_info-spec-synopsis"></a>Class type_info
+    synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  class type_info : <a href= 
+"../../../utility/operators.htm#totally_ordered1">totally_ordered</a>&lt;type_info&gt;
+  {
+   public:
+      // constructor
+      type_info(std::type_info const&amp; = typeid(void));
+
+      // comparisons
+      bool operator&lt;(type_info const&amp; rhs) const;
+      bool operator==(type_info const&amp; rhs) const;
+
+      // observers
+      char const* name() const;
+  };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="type_infospec-ctors">Class <code>type_info</code>
+    constructor</a></h4>
+<pre>
+type_info(std::type_info const&amp; = typeid(void));
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> constructs a <code>type_info</code> object
+      which identifies the same type as its argument.
+
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Since it is occasionally neccessary to make
+      an array of <code>type_info</code> objects a benign default
+      argument is supplied. <span class="c3"><b>Note:</b></span> this
+      constructor does <i>not</i> correct for non-conformance of
+      compiler <code>typeid()</code> implementations. See <code><a
+      href="#type_id-spec">type_id</a></code>, below.
+    </dl>
+
+    <h4><a name="type_infospec-comparisons">Class
+    <code>type_info</code> comparisons</a></h4>
+<pre>
+bool operator&lt;(type_info const&amp; rhs) const;
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> yields a total order over
+      <code>type_info</code> objects.
+    </dl>
+<pre>
+bool operator==(type_info const&amp; rhs) const;
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>true</code> iff the two values describe
+      the same type.
+    </dl>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Note:</b> The use of <code><a href= 
+      "../../../utility/operators.htm#totally_ordered1">totally_ordered</a>&lt;type_info&gt;</code>
+      as a private base class supplies operators <code>&lt;=</code>,
+      <code>&gt;=</code>, <code>&gt;</code>, and <code>!=</code>
+    </dl>
+
+    <h4><a name="type_infospec-observers">Class <code>type_info</code>
+    observers</a></h4>
+<pre>
+char const* name() const;
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> The result of calling <code>name()</code> on
+      the argument used to construct the object.
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="functions"></a>Functions</h2>
+<pre>
+std::ostream&amp; operator&lt;&lt;(std::ostream&amp;s, type_info const&amp;x);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Writes a description of the type described by
+      to <code>x</code> into <code>s</code>.
+
+      <dt><b>Rationale:</b> Not every C++ implementation provides a
+      truly human-readable <code>type_info::name()</code> string, but
+      for some we may be able to decode the string and produce a
+      reasonable representation.
+    </dl>
+<pre>
+<a name="type_id-spec">template &lt;class T&gt; type_info type_id</a>()
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>type_info(typeid(T))</code>
+
+      <dt><b>Note:</b> On some non-conforming C++ implementations, the
+      code is not actually as simple as described above; the semantics
+      are adjusted to work <i>as-if</i> the C++ implementation were
+      conforming.
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2>
+    The following example, though silly, illustrates how the
+    <code>type_id</code> facility might be used 
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/python/type_id.hpp&gt;
+
+// Returns true iff the user passes an int argument
+template &lt;class T&gt;
+bool is_int(T x)
+{
+   using boost::python::type_id;
+   return type_id&lt;T&gt;() == type_id&lt;int&gt;();
+}
+</pre>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+     18 November, 2002 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+
+
+    <p class="c4">&copy; Copyright <a href= 
+    "../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a> 2002. All
+    Rights Reserved.
+

doc/v2/with_custodian_and_ward.html

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
+
+    <title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/with_custodian_and_ward.hpp&gt;</title>
+
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
+    "header">
+      <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="300">
+          <h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
+          "C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
+
+        <td valign="top">
+          <h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
+
+          <h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/with_custodian_and_ward.hpp&gt;</h2>
+    </table>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2>Contents</h2>
+
+    <dl class="page-index">
+      <dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
+
+
+      <dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
+      <dd>
+
+        <dl class="page-index">
+
+          <dt><a href="#with_custodian_and_ward-spec">Class Template <code>with_custodian_and_ward</code></a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+
+              <dt><a href="#with_custodian_and_ward-spec-synopsis">Class Template
+              <code>with_custodian_and_ward</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#with_custodian_and_ward-spec-statics">Class
+              <code>with_custodian_and_ward</code> static functions</a>
+            </dl>
+
+          <dt><a href="#with_custodian_and_ward_postcall-spec">Class Template <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code></a>
+          <dd>
+            <dl class="page-index">
+
+              <dt><a href="#with_custodian_and_ward_postcall-spec-synopsis">Class Template
+              <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> synopsis</a>
+
+              <dt><a href="#with_custodian_and_ward_postcall-spec-statics">Class
+              <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> static functions</a>
+            </dl>
+        </dl>
+
+
+      <dt><a href="#examples">Example</a>
+    </dl>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
+
+    This header provides faciliites for establishing a lifetime
+    dependency between two of a function's Python argument or result
+    objects. The <i>ward</i> object will not be destroyed until after
+    the custodian as long as the <i>custodian</i> object supports <a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-weakref.html">weak
+    references</a> (Boost.Python extension classes all support weak
+    references). The two class templates
+    <code>with_custodian_and_ward</code> and
+    <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> differ in the point
+    at which they take effect. 
+
+    <p>In order to reduce the chance of inadvertently
+    creating dangling pointers, the default is to do lifetime binding
+    <i>before</i> the underlying C++ object is invoked. However,
+    before invocation the result object is not available, so
+    <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> is provided to bind
+    lifetimes after invocation. Also, if a C++ exception is thrown
+    after <code>with_custodian_and_ward&lt;&gt;::precall</code> but 
+    before the underlying C++ object actually stores a pointer, the
+    lifetime of the custodian and ward objects will be artificially
+    bound together, so one might choose
+    <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> instead, depending
+    on the semantics of the function being wrapped.
+
+    <h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
+
+    <h3><a name="with_custodian_and_ward-spec"></a>Class template <code>with_custodian_and_ward</code></h3>
+
+
+    <table border="1" summary="with_custodian_and_ward template parameters">
+      <caption>
+        <b><code>with_custodian_and_ward</code> template parameters</b>
+      </caption>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Parameter
+        
+        <th>Requirements
+
+        <th>Description
+
+        <th>Default
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>custodian</code> 
+
+        <td>A positive compile-time constant of type
+        <code>std::size_t</code>.
+
+        <td>The 1-based index of the parameter which is the dependency in the
+        lifetime relationship to be established. If used to
+        wrap a member function, parameter 1 is the target object
+        (<code>*this</code>). Note that if the target Python object
+        type doesn't support weak references, a Python
+        <code>TypeError</code> exception will be raised when the
+        C++ object being wrapped is called.
+
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>ward</code> 
+
+        <td>A positive compile-time constant of type
+        <code>std::size_t</code>.
+
+        <td>The 1-based index of the parameter which is the dependent in the
+        lifetime relationship to be established. If used to
+        wrap a member function, parameter 1 is the target object
+        (<code>*this</code>). 
+
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>Base</code> 
+
+        <td>A model of <a href="CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a>
+
+        <td>Used for <a href="CallPolicies.html#composition">policy composition</a>. 
+
+        <td><code><a href="default_call_policies.html#default_call_policies-spec">default_call_policies</a></code>
+
+    </table>
+
+    <h4><a name="with_custodian_and_ward-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>with_custodian_and_ward</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+   template &lt;std::size_t custodian, std::size_t ward, class Base = default_call_policies&gt;
+   struct with_custodian_and_ward : Base
+   {
+      static bool precall(PyObject* args);
+   };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="with_custodian_and_ward-spec-statics"></a>Class
+    <code>with_custodian_and_ward</code> static functions</h4>
+
+<pre>
+bool precall(PyObject* args);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code><a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/tupleObjects.html#l2h-476">PyTuple_Check</a>(args) != 0</code>
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Makes the lifetime of the argument indicated
+      by <code>ward</code> dependent on the lifetime of the argument
+      indicated by <code>custodian</code>.
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>false</code> and <code><a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-71">PyErr_Occurred</a>()&nbsp;!=&nbsp;0</code>
+    upon failure, <code>true</code> otherwise.
+    </dl>
+
+
+<!-- xxxxxx -->
+
+    <h3><a name="with_custodian_and_ward_postcall-spec"></a>Class template <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code></h3>
+
+
+    <table border="1" summary="with_custodian_and_ward_postcall template parameters">
+      <caption>
+        <b><code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> template parameters</b>
+      </caption>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Parameter
+        
+        <th>Requirements
+
+        <th>Description
+
+        <th>Default
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>custodian</code> 
+
+        <td>A compile-time constant of type
+        <code>std::size_t</code>.
+
+        <td>The index of the parameter which is the dependency in the
+        lifetime relationship to be established. Zero indicates the
+        result object; 1 indicates the first argument. If used to wrap
+        a member function, parameter 1 is the target object
+        (<code>*this</code>). Note that if the target Python object
+        type doesn't support weak references, a Python
+        <code>TypeError</code> exception will be raised when the
+        C++ object being wrapped is called.
+
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>ward</code> 
+
+        <td>A compile-time constant of type <code>std::size_t</code>.
+
+        <td>The index of the parameter which is the dependent in the
+        lifetime relationship to be established. Zero indicates the
+        result object; 1 indicates the first argument. If used to wrap
+        a member function, parameter 1 is the target object
+        (<code>*this</code>). 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><code>Base</code> 
+
+        <td>A model of <a href="CallPolicies.html">CallPolicies</a>
+
+        <td>Used for <a href="CallPolicies.html#composition">policy
+        composition</a>.
+
+        <td><code><a href="default_call_policies.html#default_call_policies-spec">default_call_policies</a></code>
+
+    </table>
+
+    <h4><a name="with_custodian_and_ward_postcall-spec-synopsis"></a>Class template <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> synopsis</h4>
+<pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+   template &lt;std::size_t custodian, std::size_t ward, class Base = default_call_policies&gt;
+   struct with_custodian_and_ward_postcall : Base
+   {
+      static PyObject* postcall(PyObject* args, PyObject* result);
+   };
+}}
+</pre>
+
+    <h4><a name="with_custodian_and_ward_postcall-spec-statics"></a>Class
+    <code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> static functions</h4>
+
+<pre>
+PyObject* postcall(PyObject* args, PyObject* result);
+</pre>
+
+    <dl class="function-semantics">
+      <dt><b>Requires:</b> <code><a
+      href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/tupleObjects.html#l2h-476">PyTuple_Check</a>(args)
+      != 0</code>, <code>result&nbsp;!=&nbsp;0</code>.
+
+      <dt><b>Effects:</b> Makes the lifetime of the object indicated
+      by <code>ward</code> dependent on the lifetime of the object
+      indicated by <code>custodian</code>.
+
+      <dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>0</code> and <code><a
+    href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-71">PyErr_Occurred</a>()&nbsp;!=&nbsp;0</code>
+    upon failure, <code>true</code> otherwise.
+    </dl>
+
+
+
+    <h2><a name="examples"></a>Example</h2>
+
+The following example shows how
+<code>with_custodian_and_ward_postcall</code> is used by the library
+to implement <code><a
+href="return_internal_reference.html#return_internal_reference-spec">return_internal_reference</a></code>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;std::size_t owner_arg = 1, class Base = default_call_policies&gt;
+struct return_internal_reference
+    : with_custodian_and_ward_postcall&lt;0, owner_arg, Base&gt;
+{
+   typedef <a href="reference_existing_object.html#reference_existing_object-spec">reference_existing_object</a> result_converter;
+};
+</pre>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
+    29 May, 2002
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
+
+    <p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
+    Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>
+

example/Jamfile

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Specify our location in the boost project hierarchy
+subproject libs/python/example ;
+
+# Declares the following targets:
+#    
+#  1. an extension module called "getting_started1", which is
+#     built from "getting_started1.cpp". Built by default
+#
+#  2. A test target called my-test.test which runs
+#     test_getting_started1.py with the extension module above. Built
+#     when out-of date, but only if invoked by name or if the global
+#     "test" target is invoked.
+#
+#  3. A test target called my-test.run wihch runs the above test
+#     unconditionally. Built only when invoked by name.
+#
+# To see verbose test output, add "-sPYTHON_TEST_ARGS=-v" to the bjam
+# command-line before the first target.
+#
+
+# Include definitions needed for Python modules
+SEARCH on python.jam = $(BOOST_BUILD_PATH) ;
+include python.jam ;
+
+# Declare a Python extension called getting_started1
+extension getting_started1
+:  # sources
+   getting_started1.cpp
+  
+   # dependencies
+   <dll>../build/boost_python
+  ;
+
+# Declare a test for the extension module
+boost-python-runtest my-test
+    :  # Python test driver
+    test_getting_started1.py
+    # extension modules to use
+    <pyd>getting_started1 ;

example/README

@@ -19,6 +19,3 @@ Examples for the cross-module support are provided by:
   ivect.cpp
 See also: libs/python/doc/cross_module.html
 
-The files example1.cpp and rwgk1.cpp are obsolete. They are only
-included because the Visual Studio project in the build directory still
-refers to them.

example/example1.cpp

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#include <string.h>
-
-namespace hello {
-  class world
-  {
-   public:
-      world(int) {}
-      ~world() {}
-      const char* get() const { return "hi, world"; }
-  };
-
-  size_t length(const world& x) { return strlen(x.get()); }
-}
-
-#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
-
-// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
-// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
-BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(hello)
-{
-    // create an object representing this extension module
-    boost::python::module_builder hello("hello");
-
-    // Create the Python type object for our extension class
-    boost::python::class_builder<hello::world> world_class(hello, "world");
-
-    // Add the __init__ function
-    world_class.def(boost::python::constructor<int>());
-    // Add a regular member function
-    world_class.def(&hello::world::get, "get");
-
-    // Add a regular function to the module
-    hello.def(hello::length, "length");
-}
-
-// Win32 DLL boilerplate
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID)
-{
-    return 1;
-}
-#endif // _WIN32

example/rwgk1.cpp

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#include <string>
-
-namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
-
-  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
-  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
-  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
-}
-
-#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
-
-namespace python = boost::python;
-
-// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
-// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
-BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(rwgk1)
-{
-    // Create an object representing this extension module.
-    python::module_builder this_module("rwgk1");
-
-    // Add regular functions to the module.
-    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
-    this_module.def(square, "square");
-}

include/boost/python/arg_from_python.hpp

@@ -3,34 +3,37 @@
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
 // "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP
-# define FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP
+#ifndef ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP
+# define ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP
 
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/arg_from_python.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { 
 
 template <class T>
-struct from_python
-    : converter::select_from_python<T>::type
+struct arg_from_python
+    : converter::select_arg_from_python<T>::type
 {
-    typedef typename converter::select_from_python<T>::type base;
-    from_python(PyObject*);
+    typedef typename converter::select_arg_from_python<T>::type base;
+    arg_from_python(PyObject*);
 };
 
 // specialization for PyObject*
 template <>
-struct from_python<PyObject*>
+struct arg_from_python<PyObject*>
 {
-    from_python(PyObject*) {}
+    typedef PyObject* result_type;
+    
+    arg_from_python(PyObject*) {}
     bool convertible() const { return true; }
     PyObject* operator()(PyObject* source) const { return source; }
 };
 
 template <>
-struct from_python<PyObject* const&>
+struct arg_from_python<PyObject* const&>
 {
-    from_python(PyObject*) {}
+    typedef PyObject* const& result_type;
+    arg_from_python(PyObject*) {}
     bool convertible() const { return true; }
     PyObject*const& operator()(PyObject*const& source) const { return source; }
 };
@@ -39,11 +42,11 @@ struct from_python<PyObject* const&>
 // implementations
 //
 template <class T>
-inline from_python<T>::from_python(PyObject* source)
+inline arg_from_python<T>::arg_from_python(PyObject* source)
     : base(source)
 {
 }
 
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
-#endif // FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP
+#endif // ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP

include/boost/python/args.hpp

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#if !defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)
+
 // Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
 // modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
@@ -5,33 +7,35 @@
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
 #ifndef ARGS_DWA2002323_HPP
 # define ARGS_DWA2002323_HPP
-# include <boost/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/type_list.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum_params.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum_params_with_a_default.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
+#  include <boost/config.hpp>
 
-# if !defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ > 245
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
+#  include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
 
+#  include <boost/mpl/type_list.hpp>
+
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp>
+
+#  if !defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ > 245
+
+namespace boost { namespace python {
 
 // A type list for specifying arguments
-template < BOOST_MPL_LIST_DEFAULT_PARAMETERS(typename A, boost::mpl::null_argument) >
-struct args : boost::mpl::type_list< BOOST_MPL_LIST_PARAMETERS(A) >::type
+template < BOOST_PYTHON_ENUM_WITH_DEFAULT(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, typename A, boost::mpl::null_argument) >
+struct args : boost::mpl::type_list< BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, A) >::type
 {};
 
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
-# else // slow template instantiators need this other version with
-       // explicit specializations of mpl::size<> and
-       // mpl::at<>. Eventually, however, inheritance from mpl::list
-       // *should* be eliminated and the two versions unified, just in
-       // order to get true arity independence
+#  else // slow template instantiators need this other version with
+        // explicit specializations of mpl::size<> and
+        // mpl::at<>. Eventually, however, inheritance from mpl::list
+        // *should* be eliminated and the two versions unified, just in
+        // order to get true arity independence
 
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
+namespace boost { namespace python {
 
-template < BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_WITH_A_DEFAULT(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, class A, boost::mpl::null_argument) >
+template < BOOST_PYTHON_ENUM_WITH_DEFAULT(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, typename A, boost::mpl::null_argument) >
 struct args
 {};
 
@@ -42,32 +46,45 @@ namespace boost { namespace mpl {
 template <class T> struct size;
 template <long N, class Seq> struct at;
 
-#  ifndef BOOST_PYTHON_GENERATE_CODE
-#   include <boost/python/preprocessed/args.hpp>
-#  endif
+#  define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 (4, (0, BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, <boost/python/args.hpp>, 1))
+#  include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
 
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_ARGS_SIZE(index,ignored)                       \
-template <BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(index, class A)>                                 \
-struct size<boost::python::args<BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(index, A)> >               \
-{                                                                               \
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(long, value = index);                                 \
-};                                                                              \
+#  define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 (4, (0, BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY - 1, <boost/python/args.hpp>, 2))
+#  include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_REPEAT_ARITY_2ND(BOOST_PYTHON_ARGS_SIZE, nil)
-    
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_ARGS_AT(index,ignored)                       \
-template <                                                                      \
-    BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_DEC(BOOST_PYTHON_ARITY_FINISH), class A)>     \
-struct at<index, boost::python::args<                                           \
-    BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_DEC(BOOST_PYTHON_ARITY_FINISH), A)> >         \
-{                                                                               \
-    typedef BOOST_PP_CAT(A,index) type;                                         \
-};                                                                              \
 
-BOOST_PP_REPEAT_FROM_TO_2ND( 
-    BOOST_PP_DEC(BOOST_PYTHON_ARITY_START), BOOST_PP_DEC(BOOST_PYTHON_ARITY_FINISH) 
-    , BOOST_PYTHON_ARGS_AT, data)
-    
-}}
-# endif 
-#endif // ARGS_DWA2002323_HPP
+}} // namespace boost::mpl
+
+# endif // __EDG_VERSION__
+
+# endif // ARGS_DWA2002323_HPP
+
+/* ---------- size ---------- */
+#elif BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH() == 1 && BOOST_PP_ITERATION_FLAGS() == 1
+# line BOOST_PP_LINE(__LINE__, args.hpp(size))
+
+# define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
+
+template <BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(N, class A)>
+struct size<boost::python::args<BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(N, A)> >
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(long, value = N);
+};
+
+# undef N
+
+/* ---------- at ---------- */
+#elif BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH() == 1 && BOOST_PP_ITERATION_FLAGS() == 2
+# line BOOST_PP_LINE(__LINE__, args.hpp(at))
+
+# define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
+
+template <BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, class A)>
+struct at<N, boost::python::args<BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, A)> >
+{
+    typedef BOOST_PP_CAT(A, N) type;
+};
+
+# undef N
+
+#endif

include/boost/python/back_reference.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef BACK_REFERENCE_DWA2002510_HPP
+# define BACK_REFERENCE_DWA2002510_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/handle.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/object_fwd.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/dependent.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { 
+
+template <class T>
+struct back_reference
+{
+ private: // types
+    typedef typename detail::dependent<object,T>::type source_t;
+ public:
+    typedef T type;
+    
+    back_reference(PyObject*, T);
+    source_t const& source() const;
+    T get() const;
+ private:
+    source_t m_source;
+    T m_value;
+};
+
+# ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+template<typename T>
+class is_back_reference
+{
+ public:
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = false); 
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+class is_back_reference<back_reference<T> >
+{
+ public:
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = true);
+};
+
+# else // no partial specialization
+
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+#include <boost/type.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  typedef char (&yes_back_reference_t)[1];
+  typedef char (&no_back_reference_t)[2];
+      
+  no_back_reference_t is_back_reference_test(...);
+
+  template<typename T>
+  yes_back_reference_t is_back_reference_test(boost::type< back_reference<T> >);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+class is_back_reference
+{
+ public:
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, value = (
+            sizeof(detail::is_back_reference_test(boost::type<T>()))
+            == sizeof(detail::yes_back_reference_t)));
+};
+
+# endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+template <class T>
+back_reference<T>::back_reference(PyObject* p, T x)
+    : m_source(detail::borrowed_reference(p))
+      , m_value(x)
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+typename back_reference<T>::source_t const& back_reference<T>::source() const
+{
+    return m_source;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+T back_reference<T>::get() const
+{
+    return m_value;
+}
+
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+#endif // BACK_REFERENCE_DWA2002510_HPP

include/boost/python/base_type_traits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef BASE_TYPE_TRAITS_DWA2002614_HPP
+# define BASE_TYPE_TRAITS_DWA2002614_HPP
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { 
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  struct unspecialized {};
+}
+
+// Derive from unspecialized so we can detect whether traits are
+// specialized
+template <class T> struct base_type_traits
+  : detail::unspecialized
+{};
+
+template <>
+struct base_type_traits<PyObject>
+{
+    typedef PyObject type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct base_type_traits<PyTypeObject>
+{
+    typedef PyObject type;
+};
+
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+#endif // BASE_TYPE_TRAITS_DWA2002614_HPP

include/boost/python/borrowed.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef BORROWED_DWA2002614_HPP
+# define BORROWED_DWA2002614_HPP
+# include <boost/python/detail/borrowed_ptr.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { 
+
+template <class T>
+inline python::detail::borrowed<T>* borrowed(T* p)
+{
+    return (detail::borrowed<T>*)p;
+}
+    
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+#endif // BORROWED_DWA2002614_HPP

include/boost/python/call.hpp

@@ -1,49 +1,63 @@
+#if !defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)
+
 // Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
 // modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
 // "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
-# define CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
 
-# include <boost/python/converter/callback.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum_params.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
-# include <boost/type.hpp>
+# ifndef CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
+#  define CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
 
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
+#  include <boost/type.hpp>
 
-# ifndef BOOST_PYTHON_GENERATE_CODE
-#  include <boost/python/preprocessed/call.hpp>
-# endif
+#  include <boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp>
+#  include <boost/python/converter/return_from_python.hpp>
+#  include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
+#  include <boost/python/detail/void_return.hpp>
 
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_CALL_FUNCTION(nargs,ignored)                              \
-template <                                                                      \
-    class R                                                                     \
-    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nargs) BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(nargs, class A)               \
-    >                                                                           \
-typename converter::callback_from_python<R>::result_type                        \
-call(PyObject* callable                                                         \
-     BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nargs) BOOST_PYTHON_ENUM_PARAMS2(nargs, (A,const& a))    \
-   , boost::type<R>* = 0                                                        \
-    )                                                                           \
-{                                                                               \
-    converter::callback_from_python<R> converter;                               \
-    return converter(                                                           \
-        PyEval_CallFunction(                                                    \
-            callable                                                            \
-            , const_cast<char*>(BOOST_PYTHON_ARG_STRING(nargs))                 \
-            BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nargs)                                            \
-            BOOST_PP_ENUM(nargs,BOOST_PYTHON_CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_GET,nil)        \
-            ));                                                                 \
-}
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp>
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp>
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_REPEAT_ARITY_2ND(BOOST_PYTHON_CALL_FUNCTION,data)
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET(n, _) \
+    , converter::arg_to_python<A##n>(a##n).get()
+
+#  define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 (3, (0, BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, <boost/python/call.hpp>))
+#  include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
+
+#  undef BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET
 
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
-#endif // CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
+# endif // CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
+
+#elif BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH() == 1
+# line BOOST_PP_LINE(__LINE__, call.hpp)
+
+# define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
+
+template <
+    class R
+    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(N, class A)
+    >
+typename detail::returnable<R>::type
+call(PyObject* callable
+    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_ENUM(N, A, const& a)
+    , boost::type<R>* = 0
+    )
+{
+    converter::return_from_python<R> converter;
+    return converter(
+        PyEval_CallFunction(
+            callable
+            , const_cast<char*>("(" BOOST_PP_REPEAT(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FIXED, "O") ")")
+            BOOST_PP_REPEAT(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET, nil)
+            ));
+}
+
+# undef N
+
+#endif

include/boost/python/call_method.hpp

@@ -1,50 +1,63 @@
+#if !defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)
+
 // Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
 // modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
 // "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
-# define CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
+# ifndef CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
+#  define CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
 
-# include <boost/python/converter/callback.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum_params.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
-# include <boost/type.hpp>
+#  include <boost/type.hpp>
 
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
+#  include <boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp>
+#  include <boost/python/converter/return_from_python.hpp>
+#  include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
+#  include <boost/python/detail/void_return.hpp>
 
-# ifndef BOOST_PYTHON_GENERATE_CODE
-#  include <boost/python/preprocessed/call_method.hpp>
-# endif
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp>
+#  include <boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp>
 
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_CALL_METHOD_FUNCTION(nargs,ignored)                       \
-template <                                                                      \
-    class R                                                                     \
-    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nargs) BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(nargs, class A)               \
-    >                                                                           \
-typename converter::callback_from_python<R>::result_type                        \
-call_method(PyObject* self, char const* name                                    \
-     BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nargs) BOOST_PYTHON_ENUM_PARAMS2(nargs, (A,const& a))    \
-   , boost::type<R>* = 0                                                        \
-    )                                                                           \
-{                                                                               \
-    converter::callback_from_python<R> converter;                               \
-    return converter(                                                           \
-        PyEval_CallMethod(                                                      \
-            self                                                                \
-            , const_cast<char*>(name)                                           \
-            , const_cast<char*>(BOOST_PYTHON_ARG_STRING(nargs))                 \
-            BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nargs)                                            \
-            BOOST_PP_ENUM(nargs,BOOST_PYTHON_CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_GET,nil)        \
-            ));                                                                 \
-}
+namespace boost { namespace python {
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_REPEAT_ARITY_2ND(BOOST_PYTHON_CALL_METHOD_FUNCTION,data)
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET(n, _) \
+    , converter::arg_to_python<A##n>(a##n).get()
+
+# define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 (3, (0, BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, <boost/python/call_method.hpp>))
+# include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
+
+# undef BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET
 
 }} // namespace boost::python
 
-#endif // CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
+# endif // CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
+
+#elif BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH() == 1
+# line BOOST_PP_LINE(__LINE__, call_method.hpp)
+
+# define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
+
+template <
+    class R
+    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(N, class A)
+    >
+typename detail::returnable<R>::type
+call_method(PyObject* self, char const* name
+    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_ENUM(N, A, const& a)
+    , boost::type<R>* = 0
+    )
+{
+    converter::return_from_python<R> converter;
+    return converter(
+        PyEval_CallMethod(
+            self
+            , const_cast<char*>(name)
+            , const_cast<char*>("(" BOOST_PP_REPEAT(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FIXED, "O") ")")
+            BOOST_PP_REPEAT(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET, nil)
+            ));
+}
+
+# undef N
+
+#endif // BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING

include/boost/python/cast.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef CAST_DWA200269_HPP
+# define CAST_DWA200269_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/same_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/base_type_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/convertible.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { 
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  template <class Source, class Target> inline Target* upcast_impl(Source*, Target*);
+  
+  template <class Source, class Target>
+  inline Target* upcast(Source* p, yes_convertible, no_convertible, Target*)
+  {
+      return p;
+  }
+
+  template <class Source, class Target>
+  inline Target* upcast(Source* p, no_convertible, no_convertible, Target*)
+  {
+      typedef typename base_type_traits<Source>::type base;
+      
+      return detail::upcast_impl((base*)p, (Target*)0);
+  }
+
+  template <bool is_same = true>
+  struct upcaster
+  {
+      template <class T>
+      static inline T* execute(T* x, T*) { return x; }
+  };
+  
+  template <>
+  struct upcaster<false>
+  {
+      template <class Source, class Target>
+      static inline Target* execute(Source* x, Target*)
+      {
+          return detail::upcast(
+              x, detail::convertible<Target*>::check(x)
+              , detail::convertible<Source*>::check((Target*)0)
+              , (Target*)0);
+      }
+  };
+
+
+  template <class Target, class Source>
+  inline Target* downcast(Source* p, yes_convertible)
+  {
+      return static_cast<Target*>(p);
+  }
+
+  template <class Target, class Source>
+  inline Target* downcast(Source* p, no_convertible, boost::type<Target>* = 0)
+  {
+      typedef typename base_type_traits<Source>::type base;
+      return (Target*)detail::downcast<base>(p, convertible<Source*>::check((base*)0));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline void assert_castable(boost::type<T>* = 0)
+  {
+      typedef char must_be_a_complete_type[sizeof(T)];
+  }
+
+  template <class Source, class Target>
+  inline Target* upcast_impl(Source* x, Target*)
+  {
+      typedef typename add_cv<Source>::type src_t;
+      typedef typename add_cv<Target>::type target_t;
+      static bool const same = is_same<src_t,target_t>::value;
+      
+      return detail::upcaster<same>::execute(x, (Target*)0);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Target, class Source>
+inline Target* upcast(Source* x, Target* = 0)
+{
+    detail::assert_castable<Source>();
+    detail::assert_castable<Target>();
+    return detail::upcast_impl(x, (Target*)0);
+    
+}
+
+template <class Target, class Source>
+inline Target* downcast(Source* x, Target* = 0)
+{
+    detail::assert_castable<Source>();
+    detail::assert_castable<Target>();
+    return detail::downcast<Target>(x, detail::convertible<Source*>::check((Target*)0));
+}
+
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+#endif // CAST_DWA200269_HPP

include/boost/python/class.hpp

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@
 # include <boost/python/class_fwd.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/bases.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/args.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/handle.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/object/class.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/type_id.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/type_id.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/detail/member_function_cast.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/object/class_converters.hpp>
 # include <boost/type_traits/ice.hpp>
@@ -24,34 +23,47 @@
 # include <boost/python/object/class_wrapper.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/data_members.hpp>
 # include <boost/utility.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/operator_id.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/object/pickle_support.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/make_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/object/add_to_namespace.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/def_helper.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/defaults_def.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/signature.hpp>
 
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
+namespace boost { namespace python {
 
 namespace detail
 {
   struct write_type_id;
-  
+
   template <class T, class Prev = detail::not_specified>
   struct select_held_type;
-  
+
   template <class T1, class T2, class T3>
   struct has_noncopyable;
 
+  template <detail::operator_id, class L, class R>
+  struct operator_;
+
   // Register a to_python converter for a class T, depending on the
   // type of the first (tag) argument. The 2nd argument is a pointer
   // to the type of holder that must be created. The 3rd argument is a
   // reference to the Python type object to be created.
   template <class T, class Holder>
-  static inline void register_copy_constructor(mpl::bool_t<true> const&, Holder*, ref const& obj, T* = 0)
+  static inline void register_copy_constructor(mpl::bool_t<true> const&, Holder*, object const& obj, T* = 0)
   {
       objects::class_wrapper<T,Holder> x(obj);
   }
 
   // Tag dispatched to have no effect.
   template <class T, class Holder>
-  static inline void register_copy_constructor(mpl::bool_t<false> const&, Holder*, ref const&, T* = 0)
+  static inline void register_copy_constructor(mpl::bool_t<false> const&, Holder*, object const&, T* = 0)
   {
   }
+
+    // Forward declaration (detail/defaults_def.hpp)
+    struct func_stubs_base;
 }
 
 //
@@ -68,24 +80,26 @@ template <
     >
 class class_ : public objects::class_base
 {
+    typedef objects::class_base base;
+
     typedef class_<T,X1,X2,X3> self;
     BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_copyable = (!detail::has_noncopyable<X1,X2,X3>::value));
-    
+
     typedef typename detail::select_held_type<
         X1, typename detail::select_held_type<
         X2, typename detail::select_held_type<
         X3
     >::type>::type>::type held_type;
-    
+
  public:
     // Automatically derive the class name - only works on some
     // compilers because type_info::name is sometimes mangled (gcc)
     class_();
-    
+
     // Construct with the class name.  [ Would have used a default
     // argument but gcc-2.95.2 choked on typeid(T).name() as a default
     // parameter value]
-    class_(char const* name);
+    class_(char const* name, char const* doc = 0);
 
 
     // Wrap a member function or a non-member function which can take
@@ -94,55 +108,51 @@ class class_ : public objects::class_base
     template <class F>
     self& def(char const* name, F f)
     {
-        // Use function::add_to_namespace to achieve overloading if
-        // appropriate.
-        objects::function::add_to_namespace(
-            this->object(), name,
-            ref(detail::wrap_function(
-                    // This bit of nastiness casts F to a member function of T if possible. 
-                    detail::member_function_cast<T,F>::stage1(f).stage2((T*)0).stage3(f)
-                    )));
+        this->def_impl(name, f, default_call_policies(), 0, &f);
         return *this;
     }
 
-    template <class Fn, class CallPolicy>
-    self& def(char const* name, Fn fn, CallPolicy policy)
+    template <class Arg1T, class Arg2T>
+    self& def(char const* name, Arg1T arg1, Arg2T const& arg2, char const* doc = 0)
     {
-        this->def(name
-                  , boost::python::make_function(
-                      // This bit of nastiness casts F to a member function of T if possible. 
-                      detail::member_function_cast<T,Fn>::stage1(fn).stage2((T*)0).stage3(fn)
-                      , policy)
-            );
-        
+        dispatch_def(name, arg1, arg2, doc, &arg2);
         return *this;
     }
-    
+
+    template <detail::operator_id id, class L, class R>
+    self& def(detail::operator_<id,L,R> const& op)
+    {
+        typedef detail::operator_<id,L,R> op_t;
+        return this->def(op.name(), &op_t::template apply<T>::execute);
+    }
+
     // Define the constructor with the given Args, which should be an
     // MPL sequence of types.
     template <class Args>
     self& def_init(Args const&)
     {
-        def("__init__",
-            make_constructor<Args>(
+        return this->def("__init__",
+            python::make_constructor<Args>(
                 // Using runtime type selection works around a CWPro7 bug.
                 objects::select_holder<T,held_type>((held_type*)0).get()
                 )
             );
-        return *this;
     }
 
-    template <class Args, class CallPolicy>
-    self& def_init(Args const&, CallPolicy policy)
+    template <class Args, class CallPolicyOrDoc>
+    self& def_init(Args const&, CallPolicyOrDoc const& policy_or_doc, char const* doc = 0)
     {
-        def("__init__",
-            make_constructor<Args>(
-                policy
+        typedef detail::def_helper<CallPolicyOrDoc> helper;
+
+        return this->def(
+            "__init__",
+            python::make_constructor<Args>(
+                helper::get_policy(policy_or_doc)
                 // Using runtime type selection works around a CWPro7 bug.
                 , objects::select_holder<T,held_type>((held_type*)0).get()
                 )
+            , helper::get_doc(policy_or_doc, doc)
             );
-        return *this;
     }
 
     // Define the default constructor.
@@ -158,32 +168,100 @@ class class_ : public objects::class_base
     template <class D>
     self& def_readonly(char const* name, D T::*pm)
     {
-        ref fget(make_getter(pm));
-        this->add_property(name, fget);
+        this->add_property(name, make_getter(pm));
         return *this;
     }
 
     template <class D>
     self& def_readwrite(char const* name, D T::*pm)
     {
-        ref fget(make_getter(pm));
-        ref fset(make_setter(pm));
-        this->add_property(name, fget, fset);
+        return this->add_property(name, make_getter(pm), make_setter(pm));
+    }
+
+    // Property creation
+    self& add_property(char const* name, object const& fget);
+    self& add_property(char const* name, object const& fget, object const& fset);
+
+    template <class U>
+    self& setattr(char const* name, U const& x)
+    {
+        this->base::setattr(name, object(x));
         return *this;
     }
 
-    // return the underlying object
-//    ref object() const;
+    // Pickle support
+    template <typename PickleSuiteType>
+    self& def_pickle(PickleSuiteType const& x)
+    {
+      error_messages::must_be_derived_from_pickle_suite(x);
+      detail::pickle_suite_finalize<PickleSuiteType>::register_(
+        *this,
+        &PickleSuiteType::getinitargs,
+        &PickleSuiteType::getstate,
+        &PickleSuiteType::setstate,
+        PickleSuiteType::getstate_manages_dict());
+      return *this;
+    }
 
- private: // types
+ private: // helper functions
+
+    template <class Fn, class Policies>
+    inline void def_impl(char const* name, Fn fn, Policies const& policies
+                         , char const* doc, ...)
+    {
+        objects::add_to_namespace(
+            *this, name,
+            make_function(
+                    // This bit of nastiness casts F to a member function of T if possible.
+                detail::member_function_cast<T,Fn>::stage1(fn).stage2((T*)0).stage3(fn)
+                , policies)
+            , doc);
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    inline void def_impl(char const* name, F f, default_call_policies const&
+                         , char const* doc, object const*)
+    {
+        objects::add_to_namespace(*this, name, f, doc);
+    }
+
+    template <class Fn, class CallPolicyOrDoc>
+    void dispatch_def(
+        char const* name,
+        Fn fn,
+        CallPolicyOrDoc const& policy_or_doc,
+        char const* doc,
+        void const*)
+    {
+        typedef detail::def_helper<CallPolicyOrDoc> helper;
+
+        this->def_impl(
+            name, fn, helper::get_policy(policy_or_doc), helper::get_doc(policy_or_doc, doc), &fn);
+
+    }
+
+    template <typename StubsT, typename SigT>
+    void dispatch_def(
+        char const* name,
+        SigT sig,
+        StubsT const& stubs,
+        char const* doc,
+        detail::func_stubs_base const*)
+    {
+        //  convert sig to a type_list (see detail::get_signature in signature.hpp)
+        //  before calling detail::define_with_defaults.
+        detail::define_with_defaults(name, stubs, *this, detail::get_signature(sig), doc);
+    }
+
+private: // types
     typedef objects::class_id class_id;
-    
+
     typedef typename detail::select_bases<X1
             , typename detail::select_bases<X2
               , typename boost::python::detail::select_bases<X3>::type
               >::type
             >::type bases;
-    
+
     // A helper class which will contain an array of id objects to be
     // passed to the base class constructor
     struct id_vector
@@ -192,13 +270,13 @@ class class_ : public objects::class_base
         id_vector()
         {
             // Stick the derived class id into the first element of the array
-            ids[0] = converter::undecorated_type_id<T>();
-    
+            ids[0] = type_id<T>();
+
             // Write the rest of the elements into succeeding positions.
             class_id* p = ids + 1;
             mpl::for_each<bases, void, detail::write_type_id>::execute(&p);
         }
-        
+
         BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
             std::size_t, size = mpl::size<bases>::value + 1);
         class_id ids[size];
@@ -212,28 +290,43 @@ class class_ : public objects::class_base
 //
 template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
 inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::class_()
-    : class_base(typeid(T).name(), id_vector::size, id_vector().ids)
+    : base(typeid(T).name(), id_vector::size, id_vector().ids)
 {
     // register converters
     objects::register_class_from_python<T,bases>();
-    
+
     detail::register_copy_constructor<T>(
         mpl::bool_t<is_copyable>()
         , objects::select_holder<T,held_type>((held_type*)0).get()
-        , this->object());
+        , *this);
 }
 
 template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
-inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::class_(char const* name)
-    : class_base(name, id_vector::size, id_vector().ids)
+inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::class_(char const* name, char const* doc)
+    : base(name, id_vector::size, id_vector().ids, doc)
 {
     // register converters
     objects::register_class_from_python<T,bases>();
-    
+
     detail::register_copy_constructor<T>(
         mpl::bool_t<is_copyable>()
         , objects::select_holder<T,held_type>((held_type*)0).get()
-        , this->object());
+        , *this);
+}
+
+
+template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
+inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>& class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::add_property(char const* name, object const& fget)
+{
+    base::add_property(name, fget);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
+inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>& class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::add_property(char const* name, object const& fget, object const& fset)
+{
+    base::add_property(name, fget, fset);
+    return *this;
 }
 
 namespace detail
@@ -252,9 +345,9 @@ namespace detail
           typedef void type;
 
           // Here's the runtime behavior
-          static void execute(converter::undecorated_type_id_t** p)
+          static void execute(type_info** p)
           {
-              *(*p)++ = converter::undecorated_type_id<T>();
+              *(*p)++ = type_id<T>();
           }
       };
   };

include/boost/python/class_fwd.hpp

@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ namespace detail
 
 template <
     class T // class being wrapped
-    , class X1 = detail::not_specified
-    , class X2 = detail::not_specified
-    , class X3 = detail::not_specified
+    // arbitrarily-ordered optional arguments. Full qualification needed for MSVC6
+    , class X1 = ::boost::python::detail::not_specified
+    , class X2 = ::boost::python::detail::not_specified
+    , class X3 = ::boost::python::detail::not_specified
     >
 class class_;
 

include/boost/python/converter/arg_from_python.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP
+# define ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/converter/from_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/indirect_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/transform_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_data.hpp>
+# include <boost/mpl/select_type.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registry.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered_pointee.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/void_ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/back_reference.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/referent_storage.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/obj_mgr_arg_from_python.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  template <class T> struct arg_from_python;
+}}
+
+// This header defines Python->C++ function argument converters,
+// parametrized on the argument type.
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter {
+
+//
+// lvalue converters
+//
+//   These require that an lvalue of the type U is stored somewhere in
+//   the Python object being converted.
+
+// Used when T == U*const&
+template <class T>
+struct pointer_cref_arg_from_python
+{
+    typedef T result_type;
+    
+    pointer_cref_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
+    bool convertible() const;
+    
+ private: // storage for a U*
+    // needed because not all compilers will let us declare U* as the
+    // return type of operator() -- we return U*const& instead
+    typename python::detail::referent_storage<T>::type m_result;
+};
+
+// Base class for pointer and reference converters
+struct arg_lvalue_from_python_base
+{
+ public: // member functions
+    arg_lvalue_from_python_base(void* result);
+    bool convertible() const;
+    
+ protected: // member functions
+    void*const& result() const;
+    
+ private: // data members
+    void* m_result;
+};
+
+// Used when T == U* 
+template <class T>
+struct pointer_arg_from_python : arg_lvalue_from_python_base
+{
+    typedef T result_type;
+    
+    pointer_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
+};
+
+// Used when T == U& and (T != V const& or T == W volatile&)
+template <class T>
+struct reference_arg_from_python : arg_lvalue_from_python_base
+{
+    typedef T result_type;
+    
+    reference_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
+};
+
+// ===================
+
+//
+// rvalue converters
+//
+//   These require only that an object of type T can be created from
+//   the given Python object, but not that the T object exist
+//   somewhere in storage.
+//
+
+// Used when T is a plain value (non-pointer, non-reference) type or
+// a (non-volatile) const reference to a plain value type.
+template <class T>
+struct arg_rvalue_from_python
+{
+    typedef typename boost::add_reference<
+        typename boost::add_const<T>::type
+    >::type result_type;
+    
+    arg_rvalue_from_python(PyObject*);
+    bool convertible() const;
+    
+    result_type operator()(PyObject*);
+    
+ private:
+    rvalue_from_python_data<result_type> m_data;
+};
+
+
+// ==================
+
+// Converts to a (PyObject*,T) bundle, for when you need a reference
+// back to the Python object
+template <class T>
+struct back_reference_arg_from_python
+    : boost::python::arg_from_python<typename T::type>
+{
+    typedef T result_type;
+    
+    back_reference_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    T operator()(PyObject*);
+ private:
+    typedef boost::python::arg_from_python<typename T::type> base;
+};
+
+
+// ==================
+
+// This metafunction selects the appropriate arg_from_python converter
+// type for an argument of type T.
+template <class T>
+struct select_arg_from_python
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, obj_mgr = is_object_manager<T>::value);
+    
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, obj_mgr_ref = is_reference_to_object_manager<T>::value);
+    
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
+    
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, ptr_cref
+            = boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_pointer<T>::value
+            && boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_const<T>::value
+            && !boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_volatile<T>::value);
+    
+    
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, ref =
+        boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_non_const<T>::value
+        || boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_volatile<T>::value);
+
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, back_ref =
+        boost::python::is_back_reference<T>::value);
+
+    typedef typename mpl::select_type<
+        obj_mgr
+        , object_manager_value_arg_from_python<T>
+        , typename mpl::select_type<
+            obj_mgr_ref
+            , object_manager_ref_arg_from_python<T>
+            , typename mpl::select_type<
+                ptr
+                , pointer_arg_from_python<T>
+                , typename mpl::select_type<
+                    ptr_cref
+                    , pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>
+                    , typename mpl::select_type<
+                        ref
+                        , reference_arg_from_python<T>
+                        , typename mpl::select_type<
+                            back_ref
+                            , back_reference_arg_from_python<T>
+                            , arg_rvalue_from_python<T>
+                          >::type
+                      >::type
+                  >::type
+              >::type
+          >::type
+      >::type type;
+};
+
+// ==================
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+
+// arg_lvalue_from_python_base
+//
+inline arg_lvalue_from_python_base::arg_lvalue_from_python_base(void* result)
+    : m_result(result)
+{
+}
+
+inline bool arg_lvalue_from_python_base::convertible() const
+{
+    return m_result != 0;
+}
+
+inline void*const& arg_lvalue_from_python_base::result() const
+{
+    return m_result;
+}
+
+// pointer_cref_arg_from_python
+//
+namespace detail
+{
+  // null_ptr_reference -- a function returning a reference to a null
+  // pointer of type U. Needed so that extractors for T*const& can
+  // convert Python's None.
+  template <class T>
+  struct null_ptr_owner
+  {
+      static T value;
+  };
+  template <class T> T null_ptr_owner<T>::value = 0;
+  
+  template <class U>
+  inline U& null_ptr_reference(U&(*)())
+  {
+      return null_ptr_owner<U>::value;
+  }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>::pointer_cref_arg_from_python(PyObject* p)
+{
+    // T == U*const&: store a U* in the m_result storage. Nonzero
+    // indicates success.  If find returns nonzero, it's a pointer to
+    // a U object.
+    python::detail::write_void_ptr_reference(
+        m_result.bytes
+        , p == Py_None ? p : converter::get_lvalue_from_python(p, registered_pointee<T>::converters)
+        , (T(*)())0);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline bool pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>::convertible() const
+{
+    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_result.bytes, (T(*)())0) != 0;
+}
+template <class T>
+inline T pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p) const
+{
+    return (p == Py_None)  // None ==> 0
+        ? detail::null_ptr_reference((T(*)())0)
+        // Otherwise, return a U*const& to the m_result storage.
+        : python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_result.bytes, (T(*)())0);
+}
+
+// pointer_arg_from_python
+//
+template <class T>
+inline pointer_arg_from_python<T>::pointer_arg_from_python(PyObject* p)
+    : arg_lvalue_from_python_base(
+        p == Py_None ? p : converter::get_lvalue_from_python(p, registered_pointee<T>::converters))
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T pointer_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p) const
+{
+    return (p == Py_None) ? 0 : T(result());
+}
+
+// reference_arg_from_python
+//
+template <class T>
+inline reference_arg_from_python<T>::reference_arg_from_python(PyObject* p)
+    : arg_lvalue_from_python_base(converter::get_lvalue_from_python(p,registered<T>::converters))
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T reference_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject*) const
+{
+    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(result(), (T(*)())0);
+}
+
+
+// arg_rvalue_from_python
+//
+template <class T>
+inline arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::arg_rvalue_from_python(PyObject* obj)
+    : m_data(converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1(obj, registered<T>::converters))
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline bool arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::convertible() const
+{
+    return m_data.stage1.convertible != 0;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline typename arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::result_type
+arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p)
+{
+    if (m_data.stage1.construct != 0)
+        m_data.stage1.construct(p, &m_data.stage1);
+    
+    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_data.stage1.convertible, (result_type(*)())0);
+}
+
+// back_reference_arg_from_python
+//
+template <class T>
+back_reference_arg_from_python<T>::back_reference_arg_from_python(PyObject* x)
+    : base(x)
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T
+back_reference_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* x)
+{
+    return T(x, base::operator()(x));
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef ARG_TO_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP
+# define ARG_TO_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered_pointee.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/arg_to_python_base.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/object_manager.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/to_python_indirect.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/composite_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/indirect_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/convertible.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/string_literal.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/base_type_traits.hpp>
+// Bring in specializations
+# include <boost/python/converter/builtin_converters.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/tag.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/object/function_handle.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void throw_no_class_registered();
+
+  template <class T>
+  struct function_arg_to_python : handle<>
+  {
+      function_arg_to_python(T const& x);
+  };
+
+  template <class T>
+  struct reference_arg_to_python : handle<>
+  {
+      reference_arg_to_python(T& x);
+   private:
+      static PyObject* get_object(T& x);
+  };
+
+  template <class T>
+  struct value_arg_to_python : arg_to_python_base
+  {
+      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
+      value_arg_to_python(T const&);
+  };
+
+  template <class Ptr>
+  struct pointer_deep_arg_to_python : arg_to_python_base
+  {
+      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
+      pointer_deep_arg_to_python(Ptr);
+  };
+
+  template <class Ptr>
+  struct pointer_shallow_arg_to_python : handle<>
+  {
+      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
+      pointer_shallow_arg_to_python(Ptr);
+   private:
+      static PyObject* get_object(Ptr p);
+  };
+
+  // Convert types that manage a Python object to_python
+  template <class T>
+  struct object_manager_arg_to_python
+  {
+      object_manager_arg_to_python(T const& x) : m_src(x) {}
+      
+      PyObject* get() const
+      {
+          return python::upcast<PyObject>(get_managed_object(m_src, tag));
+      }
+      
+   private:
+      T const& m_src;
+  };
+
+  template <class T>
+  struct select_arg_to_python
+  {
+      // Special handling for char const[N]; interpret them as char
+      // const* for the sake of conversion
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, is_string = python::detail::is_string_literal<T const>::value);
+      
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, function = is_function<T>::value | python::detail::is_pointer_to_function<T>::value | is_member_function_pointer<T>::value);
+      
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, manager = is_object_manager<T>::value);
+      
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
+      
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, ref_wrapper = is_reference_wrapper<T>::value);
+
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, ptr_wrapper = is_pointer_wrapper<T>::value);
+
+      typedef typename unwrap_reference<T>::type unwrapped_referent;
+      typedef typename unwrap_pointer<T>::type unwrapped_ptr;
+
+      typedef typename mpl::select_type<
+          is_string
+          , arg_to_python<char const*>
+          , typename mpl::select_type<
+              function
+              , function_arg_to_python<T>
+              , typename mpl::select_type<
+                  manager
+                  , object_manager_arg_to_python<T>
+                  , typename mpl::select_type<
+                      ptr
+                      , pointer_deep_arg_to_python<T>
+                      , typename mpl::select_type<
+                          ptr_wrapper
+                          , pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<unwrapped_ptr>
+                          , typename mpl::select_type<
+                              ref_wrapper
+                              , reference_arg_to_python<unwrapped_referent>
+                              , value_arg_to_python<T>
+                            >::type
+                        >::type
+                    >::type
+                >::type
+            >::type
+        >::type
+      type;
+  };
+}
+
+template <class T>
+struct arg_to_python
+    : detail::select_arg_to_python<T>::type
+{
+    typedef typename detail::select_arg_to_python<T>::type base;
+ public: // member functions
+    // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
+    arg_to_python(T const& x);
+};
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+namespace detail
+{
+  // reject_raw_object_ptr -- cause a compile-time error if the user
+  // should pass a raw Python object pointer
+  using python::detail::yes_convertible;
+  using python::detail::no_convertible;
+  using python::detail::unspecialized;
+  
+  template <class T> struct cannot_convert_raw_PyObject;
+
+  template <class T, class Convertibility>
+  struct reject_raw_object_helper
+  {
+      static void error(Convertibility)
+      {
+          cannot_convert_raw_PyObject<T*>::to_python_use_handle_instead();
+      }
+      static void error(...) {}
+  };
+  
+  template <class T>
+  inline void reject_raw_object_ptr(T*)
+  {
+      reject_raw_object_helper<T,yes_convertible>::error(
+          python::detail::convertible<PyObject const volatile*>::check((T*)0));
+      
+      typedef typename remove_cv<T>::type value_type;
+      
+      reject_raw_object_helper<T,no_convertible>::error(
+          python::detail::convertible<unspecialized*>::check(
+              (base_type_traits<value_type>*)0
+              ));
+  }
+  // ---------
+      
+  template <class T>
+  inline function_arg_to_python<T>::function_arg_to_python(T const& x)
+      : handle<>(python::objects::make_function_handle(x))
+  {
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline value_arg_to_python<T>::value_arg_to_python(T const& x)
+      : arg_to_python_base(&x, registered<T>::converters)
+  {
+  }
+
+  template <class Ptr>
+  inline pointer_deep_arg_to_python<Ptr>::pointer_deep_arg_to_python(Ptr x)
+      : arg_to_python_base(x, registered_pointee<Ptr>::converters)
+  {
+      detail::reject_raw_object_ptr((Ptr)0);
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline PyObject* reference_arg_to_python<T>::get_object(T& x)
+  {
+      to_python_indirect<T&,python::detail::make_reference_holder> convert;
+      if (!convert.convertible())
+          throw_no_class_registered();
+      return convert(x);
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline reference_arg_to_python<T>::reference_arg_to_python(T& x)
+      : handle<>(reference_arg_to_python<T>::get_object(x))
+  {
+  }
+
+  template <class Ptr>
+  inline pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<Ptr>::pointer_shallow_arg_to_python(Ptr x)
+      : handle<>(pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<Ptr>::get_object(x))
+  {
+      detail::reject_raw_object_ptr((Ptr)0);
+  }
+
+  template <class Ptr>
+  inline PyObject* pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<Ptr>::get_object(Ptr x)
+  {
+      to_python_indirect<Ptr,python::detail::make_reference_holder> convert;
+      if (!convert.convertible())
+          throw_no_class_registered();
+      return x ? convert(x) : python::detail::none();
+  }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline arg_to_python<T>::arg_to_python(T const& x)
+    : base(x)
+{}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // ARG_TO_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python_base.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef ARG_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
+# define ARG_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
+# include <boost/python/converter/to_python_function_type.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/handle.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter {
+
+struct registration;
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  struct BOOST_PYTHON_DECL arg_to_python_base
+# if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || BOOST_MSVC <= 1300 || _MSC_FULL_VER > 13102171
+      : handle<>
+# endif 
+  {
+      arg_to_python_base(void const volatile* source, registration const&);
+# if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_MSVC > 1300 && _MSC_FULL_VER <= 13102171
+      PyObject* get() const { return m_ptr.get(); }
+      PyObject* release() { return m_ptr.release(); }
+   private:
+      handle<> m_ptr;
+# endif 
+  };
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // ARG_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/builtin_converters.hpp

@@ -7,87 +7,106 @@
 # define BUILTIN_CONVERTERS_DWA2002124_HPP
 # include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/detail/none.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/handle.hpp>
 # include <string>
 # include <complex>
 
+// Since all we can use to decide how to convert an object to_python
+// is its C++ type, there can be only one such converter for each
+// type. Therefore, for built-in conversions we can bypass registry
+// lookups using explicit specializations of arg_to_python and
+// result_to_python.
+
 namespace boost { namespace python {
 
+namespace converter
+{
+  template <class T> struct arg_to_python;
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_return_to_python(char);
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_return_to_python(char const*);
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_return_to_python(PyObject*);
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_arg_to_python(PyObject*);
+}
+
 // Provide specializations of to_python_value
 template <class T> struct to_python_value;
 
 namespace detail
 {
+  // Since there's no registry lookup, always report the existence of
+  // a converter.
   struct builtin_to_python
   {
       static bool convertible() { return true; }
   };
 }
 
-namespace converter
-{
-  template <class T> struct callback_to_python;
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_call_to_python(char);
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_call_to_python(char const*);
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_call_to_python(PyObject*);
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_callback_to_python(PyObject*);
-}
-
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_CALL_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T, expr)   \
-    template <> struct to_python_value<T&>          \
-        : detail::builtin_to_python                 \
-    {                                               \
-        PyObject* operator()(T const& x) const      \
-        {                                           \
-            return (expr);                          \
-        }                                           \
-    };                                              \
-    template <> struct to_python_value<T const&>    \
-        : detail::builtin_to_python                 \
-    {                                               \
-        PyObject* operator()(T const& x) const      \
-        {                                           \
-            return (expr);                          \
-        }                                           \
+// Use expr to create the PyObject corresponding to x
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_RETURN_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T, expr)        \
+    template <> struct to_python_value<T&>                      \
+        : detail::builtin_to_python                             \
+    {                                                           \
+        inline PyObject* operator()(T const& x) const           \
+        {                                                       \
+            return (expr);                                      \
+        }                                                       \
+    };                                                          \
+    template <> struct to_python_value<T const&>                \
+        : detail::builtin_to_python                             \
+    {                                                           \
+        inline PyObject* operator()(T const& x) const           \
+        {                                                       \
+            return (expr);                                      \
+        }                                                       \
     };
 
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T, expr)   \
-    namespace converter                             \
-    {                                               \
-      template <> struct callback_to_python< T >    \
-      {                                             \
-          callback_to_python(T const& x)            \
-            : m_held(expr) {}                       \
-          PyObject* get() const                     \
-            { return m_held.get(); }                \
-       private:                                     \
-          ref m_held;                               \
-      };                                            \
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_ARG_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T, expr)   \
+    namespace converter                                 \
+    {                                                   \
+      template <> struct arg_to_python< T >             \
+        : handle<>                                      \
+      {                                                 \
+          arg_to_python(T const& x)                     \
+            : python::handle<>(expr) {}                 \
+      };                                                \
     } 
 
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T, expr)   \
-        BOOST_PYTHON_CALL_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T,expr) \
-        BOOST_PYTHON_CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T,expr)
+// Specialize argument and return value converters for T using expr
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T, expr)       \
+        BOOST_PYTHON_RETURN_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T,expr)  \
+        BOOST_PYTHON_ARG_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(T,expr)
 
+// Specialize converters for signed and unsigned T to Python Int
 # define BOOST_PYTHON_TO_INT(T)                                         \
     BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(signed T, PyInt_FromLong(x))        \
     BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(unsigned T, PyInt_FromLong(x))
 
+// Bool is not signed.
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(bool, PyInt_FromLong(x))
+
+// note: handles signed char and unsigned char, but not char (see below)
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_INT(char)
+
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_INT(short)
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_INT(int)
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_INT(long)
+
+// using Python's macro instead of Boost's - we don't seem to get the
+// config right all the time.
+# ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG 
+BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(signed LONG_LONG, PyLong_FromLongLong(x))
+BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(unsigned LONG_LONG, PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(x))
+# endif
+    
 # undef BOOST_TO_PYTHON_INT
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(char, converter::do_call_to_python(x))
-BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(char const*, converter::do_call_to_python(x))
+BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(char, converter::do_return_to_python(x))
+BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(char const*, converter::do_return_to_python(x))
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(std::string, PyString_FromString(x.c_str()))
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(float, PyFloat_FromDouble(x))
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(double, PyFloat_FromDouble(x))
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(long double, PyFloat_FromDouble(x))
-BOOST_PYTHON_CALL_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(PyObject*, converter::do_call_to_python(x))
-BOOST_PYTHON_CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(PyObject*, converter::do_callback_to_python(x))
+BOOST_PYTHON_RETURN_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(PyObject*, converter::do_return_to_python(x))
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(std::complex<float>, PyComplex_FromDoubles(x.real(), x.imag()))
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(std::complex<double>, PyComplex_FromDoubles(x.real(), x.imag()))
 BOOST_PYTHON_TO_PYTHON_BY_VALUE(std::complex<long double>, PyComplex_FromDoubles(x.real(), x.imag()))

include/boost/python/converter/callback.hpp

@@ -1,278 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CALLBACK_DWA2002228_HPP
-# define CALLBACK_DWA2002228_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/converter/type_id.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/to_python_function.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/pointee_to_python_function.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/select_type.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/callback_to_python_base.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/callback_from_python_base.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/builtin_converters.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/to_python_indirect.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/none.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/ptr.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class T>
-  struct pointer_callback_from_python
-  {
-      pointer_callback_from_python();
-      T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-  };
-  
-  template <class T>
-  struct reference_callback_from_python
-  {
-      reference_callback_from_python();
-      T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-  };
-  
-  template <class T>
-  struct rvalue_callback_from_python
-  {
-      rvalue_callback_from_python();
-      T const& operator()(PyObject*);
-   private:
-      rvalue_data<T> m_data;
-  };
-  
-  template <class T>
-  struct select_callback_from_python
-  {
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
-    
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ref = is_reference<T>::value);
-
-      typedef typename mpl::select_type<
-          ptr
-          , pointer_callback_from_python<T>
-          , typename mpl::select_type<
-              ref
-              , reference_callback_from_python<T>
-              , rvalue_callback_from_python<T>
-            >::type
-          >::type type;
-  };
-
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct reference_callback_to_python : callback_to_python_holder
-  {
-      reference_callback_to_python(T& x);
-   private:
-      static PyObject* get_object(T& x);
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct value_callback_to_python : callback_to_python_base
-  {
-      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-      value_callback_to_python(T const&);
-  };
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  struct pointer_deep_callback_to_python : callback_to_python_base
-  {
-      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-      pointer_deep_callback_to_python(Ptr);
-  };
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  struct pointer_shallow_callback_to_python : callback_to_python_holder
-  {
-      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-      pointer_shallow_callback_to_python(Ptr);
-   private:
-      static PyObject* get_object(Ptr p);
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct select_callback_to_python
-  {
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
-      
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ref_wrapper = is_reference_wrapper<T>::value);
-
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ptr_wrapper = is_pointer_wrapper<T>::value);
-
-      typedef typename unwrap_reference<T>::type unwrapped_referent;
-      typedef typename unwrap_pointer<T>::type unwrapped_ptr;
-
-      typedef typename mpl::select_type<
-          ptr
-          , pointer_deep_callback_to_python<T>
-          , typename mpl::select_type<
-              ptr_wrapper
-              , pointer_shallow_callback_to_python<unwrapped_ptr>
-              , typename mpl::select_type<
-                  ref_wrapper
-                  , reference_callback_to_python<unwrapped_referent>
-                  , value_callback_to_python<T>
-                >::type
-            >::type
-        >::type type;
-  };
-}
-
-template <class T>
-struct callback_from_python
-    : detail::select_callback_from_python<T>::type
-{
-    typedef T result_type;
-};
-
-struct void_result
-{
- private: 
-    void_result() {}
-    void operator=(void_result const&);
-    
-    // I would prefer to make this completely untouchable, but few
-    // compilers support template friends
-# if 0
-    void_result(void_result const&);
-# endif
-    friend struct callback_from_python<void>;
-};
-
-// Specialization as a convenience for call and call_method
-template <>
-struct callback_from_python<void>
-{
-    typedef void_result result_type;
-    result_type operator()(PyObject* x) const
-    {
-        Py_DECREF(expect_non_null(x));
-        return result_type();
-    }
-};
-
-template <class T>
-struct callback_to_python
-    : detail::select_callback_to_python<T>::type
-{
-    typedef typename detail::select_callback_to_python<T>::type base;
- public: // member functions
-    // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-    callback_to_python(T const& x);
-};
-
-// Convenience macros for call<> and call_method<> code generation
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_GET(index,ignored)     \
-    converter::callback_to_python<BOOST_PP_CAT(A,index)>(       \
-        BOOST_PP_CAT(a,index)).get()
-
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_ARG_STRING(nargs)                         \
-    "(" BOOST_PP_REPEAT(nargs,BOOST_PYTHON_PROJECT_2ND,"O") ")"
-
-//
-// Implementations
-//
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class T>
-  inline rvalue_callback_from_python<T>::rvalue_callback_from_python()
-      : m_data(rvalue_from_python_chain<T>::value)
-  {
-      throw_if_not_registered(m_data.stage1);
-  }
-  
-  template <class T>
-  inline T const& rvalue_callback_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* obj)
-  {
-      return *(T*)convert_rvalue(obj, m_data.stage1, m_data.storage.bytes);
-  }
-
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void throw_no_class_registered();
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline reference_callback_from_python<T>::reference_callback_from_python()
-  {
-      detail::throw_if_not_registered(lvalue_from_python_chain<T,true>::value);
-  }
-  
-  template <class T>
-  inline T reference_callback_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* obj) const
-  {
-      return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(
-          callback_convert_reference(obj, lvalue_from_python_chain<T,true>::value)
-          , (T(*)())0);
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline pointer_callback_from_python<T>::pointer_callback_from_python()
-  {
-      detail::throw_if_not_registered(lvalue_from_python_chain<T,true>::value);
-  }
-  
-  template <class T>
-  inline T pointer_callback_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* obj) const
-  {
-      return T(callback_convert_pointer(obj, lvalue_from_python_chain<T,true>::value));
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline value_callback_to_python<T>::value_callback_to_python(T const& x)
-      : callback_to_python_base(&x, to_python_function<T>::value)
-  {
-  }
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  inline pointer_deep_callback_to_python<Ptr>::pointer_deep_callback_to_python(Ptr x)
-      : callback_to_python_base(x, pointee_to_python_function<Ptr>::value)
-  {
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline PyObject* reference_callback_to_python<T>::get_object(T& x)
-  {
-      to_python_indirect<T&,python::detail::make_reference_holder> convert;
-      if (!convert.convertible())
-          throw_no_class_registered();
-      return convert(x);
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline reference_callback_to_python<T>::reference_callback_to_python(T& x)
-      : callback_to_python_holder(get_object(x))
-  {
-  }
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  inline pointer_shallow_callback_to_python<Ptr>::pointer_shallow_callback_to_python(Ptr x)
-      : callback_to_python_holder(get_object(x))
-  {}
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  inline PyObject* pointer_shallow_callback_to_python<Ptr>::get_object(Ptr x)
-  {
-      to_python_indirect<Ptr,python::detail::make_reference_holder> convert;
-      if (!convert.convertible())
-          throw_no_class_registered();
-      return x ? convert(x) : python::detail::none();
-  }
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline callback_to_python<T>::callback_to_python(T const& x)
-    : base(x)
-{}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // CALLBACK_DWA2002228_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/callback_from_python_base.hpp

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CALLBACK_FROM_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
-# define CALLBACK_FROM_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
-
-namespace detail
-{
-
-  // Throw an exception
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void throw_if_not_registered(rvalue_stage1_data const&);
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* convert_rvalue(PyObject*, rvalue_stage1_data& data, void* storage);
-  
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void throw_if_not_registered(lvalue_from_python_registration*const&);
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* callback_convert_reference(PyObject*, lvalue_from_python_registration*const&);
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* callback_convert_pointer(PyObject*, lvalue_from_python_registration*const&);
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // CALLBACK_FROM_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/callback_to_python_base.hpp

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
-# define CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
-# include <boost/python/converter/to_python_function_type.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter {
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  struct callback_to_python_holder
-  {
-      callback_to_python_holder(PyObject* obj);
-      inline PyObject* get() const;
-   private:
-      ref m_held;
-  };
-  
-  struct BOOST_PYTHON_DECL callback_to_python_base : callback_to_python_holder
-  {
-      callback_to_python_base(void const volatile* source, to_python_function_t);
-  };
-
-  //
-  // implmentation
-  //
-  inline callback_to_python_holder::callback_to_python_holder(PyObject* obj)
-      : m_held(obj)
-  {
-  }
-  
-  inline PyObject* callback_to_python_holder::get() const
-  {
-      return m_held.get();
-  }
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // CALLBACK_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/constructor_function.hpp

@@ -3,19 +3,16 @@
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
 // "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef FROM_PYTHON_STAGE1_DATA_DWA2002223_HPP
-# define FROM_PYTHON_STAGE1_DATA_DWA2002223_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_function.hpp>
+#ifndef CONSTRUCTOR_FUNCTION_DWA200278_HPP
+# define CONSTRUCTOR_FUNCTION_DWA200278_HPP
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
 
-struct rvalue_stage1_data
-{
-    void* convertible;
-    constructor_function construct;
-};
+// Declares the type of functions used to construct C++ objects for
+// rvalue from_python conversions.
+struct rvalue_from_python_stage1_data;
+typedef void (*constructor_function)(PyObject* source, rvalue_from_python_stage1_data*);
 
 }}} // namespace boost::python::converter
 
-#endif // FROM_PYTHON_STAGE1_DATA_DWA2002223_HPP
+#endif // CONSTRUCTOR_FUNCTION_DWA200278_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/convertible_function.hpp

@@ -3,16 +3,13 @@
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
 // "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef FROM_PYTHON_FUNCTION_DWA2002128_HPP
-# define FROM_PYTHON_FUNCTION_DWA2002128_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+#ifndef CONVERTIBLE_FUNCTION_DWA200278_HPP
+# define CONVERTIBLE_FUNCTION_DWA200278_HPP
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
 
-struct rvalue_stage1_data;
-typedef void (*constructor_function)(PyObject* source, rvalue_stage1_data*);
-
+typedef void* (*convertible_function)(PyObject*);
+    
 }}} // namespace boost::python::converter
 
-#endif // FROM_PYTHON_FUNCTION_DWA2002128_HPP
+#endif // CONVERTIBLE_FUNCTION_DWA200278_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/find_from_python.hpp

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef FIND_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002223_HPP
-# define FIND_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002223_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_stage1_data.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
-
-struct lvalue_from_python_registration;
-struct rvalue_from_python_registration;
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* find(
-    PyObject* source, lvalue_from_python_registration const*);
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL rvalue_stage1_data find(
-    PyObject* source, rvalue_from_python_registration const*);
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL rvalue_from_python_registration const* find_chain(
-    PyObject* source, rvalue_from_python_registration const*);
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // FIND_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002223_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/from_python.hpp

@@ -3,235 +3,41 @@
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
 // "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP
-# define FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP
+#ifndef FIND_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002223_HPP
+# define FIND_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002223_HPP
 
-# include <boost/python/converter/find_from_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/transform_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_data.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/select_type.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registry.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/lvalue_from_python_chain.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_chain.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/void_ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_data.hpp>
 
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter {
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
 
-struct from_python_base
-{
- public: // member functions
-    from_python_base(void* result);
-    from_python_base(PyObject*, lvalue_from_python_registration const* chain);
-    bool convertible() const;
-    
- protected: // member functions
-    void*const& result() const;
-    
- private: // data members
-    void* m_result;
-};
+struct registration;
+struct rvalue_from_python_chain;
 
-// Used when T == U*const&
-template <class T>
-struct pointer_const_reference_from_python
-{
-    pointer_const_reference_from_python(PyObject*);
-    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-    bool convertible() const;
-    
- private:
-    typename detail::referent_storage<T>::type m_result;
-};
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* get_lvalue_from_python(
+    PyObject* source, registration const&);
 
-// Used when T == U* 
-template <class T>
-struct pointer_from_python : from_python_base
-{
-    pointer_from_python(PyObject*);
-    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-};
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL rvalue_from_python_chain const* implicit_conversion_chain(
+    PyObject* source, registration const&);
 
-// Used when T == U& and (T != V const& or T == W volatile&)
-template <class T>
-struct reference_from_python : from_python_base
-{
-    reference_from_python(PyObject*);
-    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-};
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL rvalue_from_python_stage1_data rvalue_from_python_stage1(
+    PyObject* source, registration const&);
 
-// ------- rvalue converters ---------
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* rvalue_from_python_stage2(
+    PyObject* source, rvalue_from_python_stage1_data&, registration const&);
 
-// Used for the case where T is a non-pointer, non-reference type OR
-// is a const non-volatile reference to a non-pointer type.
-template <class T>
-class rvalue_from_python
-{
-    typedef typename boost::add_reference<
-        typename boost::add_const<T>::type
-    >::type result_type;
-    
- public:
-    rvalue_from_python(PyObject*);
-    bool convertible() const;
-    
-    result_type operator()(PyObject*);
-    
- private:
-    rvalue_data<result_type> m_data;
-};
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* rvalue_result_from_python(
+    PyObject*, rvalue_from_python_stage1_data&);
 
-template <class T>
-struct select_from_python
-{
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
-    
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, ptr_cref
-            = boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_pointer<T>::value
-            && boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_const<T>::value
-            && !boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_volatile<T>::value);
-    
-    
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, ref =
-        boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_non_const<T>::value
-        || boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_volatile<T>::value);
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* reference_result_from_python(PyObject*, registration const&);
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* pointer_result_from_python(PyObject*, registration const&);
 
-    typedef typename mpl::select_type<
-        ptr
-        , pointer_from_python<T>
-        , typename mpl::select_type<
-             ptr_cref
-             , pointer_const_reference_from_python<T>
-             , typename mpl::select_type<
-                   ref
-                   , reference_from_python<T>
-                   , rvalue_from_python<T>
-                >::type
-          >::type
-    >::type type;
-};
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void void_result_from_python(PyObject*);
 
-//
-// implementations
-//
-inline from_python_base::from_python_base(void* result)
-    : m_result(result)
-{
-}
-
-inline from_python_base::from_python_base(
-    PyObject* source
-    , lvalue_from_python_registration const* chain)
-    : m_result(find(source, chain))
-{
-}
-
-inline bool from_python_base::convertible() const
-{
-    return m_result != 0;
-}
-
-inline void*const& from_python_base::result() const
-{
-    return m_result;
-}
-
-// --------
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class T>
-  struct null_ptr_owner
-  {
-      static T value;
-  };
-  template <class T> T null_ptr_owner<T>::value = 0;
-  
-  template <class U>
-  inline U& null_ptr_reference(U&(*)())
-  {
-      return null_ptr_owner<U>::value;
-  }
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline pointer_const_reference_from_python<T>::pointer_const_reference_from_python(PyObject* p)
-{
-    python::detail::write_void_ptr_reference(
-        m_result.bytes
-        , p == Py_None ? p : find(p, lvalue_from_python_chain<T>::value)
-        , (T(*)())0);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline bool pointer_const_reference_from_python<T>::convertible() const
-{
-    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_result.bytes, (T(*)())0) != 0;
-}
-template <class T>
-inline T pointer_const_reference_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p) const
-{
-    return (p == Py_None)
-        ? detail::null_ptr_reference((T(*)())0)
-        : python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_result.bytes, (T(*)())0);
-}
-
-// --------
-
-template <class T>
-inline pointer_from_python<T>::pointer_from_python(PyObject* p)
-    : from_python_base(p == Py_None ? p : find(p, lvalue_from_python_chain<T>::value))
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline T pointer_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p) const
-{
-    return (p == Py_None) ? 0 : T(result());
-}
-
-// --------
-
-template <class T>
-inline reference_from_python<T>::reference_from_python(PyObject* p)
-    : from_python_base(find(p,lvalue_from_python_chain<T>::value))
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline T reference_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject*) const
-{
-    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(result(), (T(*)())0);
-}
-
-// -------
-
-template <class T>
-inline rvalue_from_python<T>::rvalue_from_python(PyObject* obj)
-    : m_data(find(obj, rvalue_from_python_chain<T>::value))
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline bool rvalue_from_python<T>::convertible() const
-{
-    return m_data.stage1.convertible != 0;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline typename rvalue_from_python<T>::result_type
-rvalue_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p)
-{
-    if (m_data.stage1.construct != 0)
-        m_data.stage1.construct(p, &m_data.stage1);
-    
-    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_data.stage1.convertible, (result_type(*)())0);
-}
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void throw_no_pointer_from_python(PyObject*, registration const&);
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void throw_no_reference_from_python(PyObject*, registration const&);
 
 }}} // namespace boost::python::converter
 
-#endif // FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP
+#endif // FIND_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002223_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/from_python_data.hpp

@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef FROM_PYTHON_AUX_DATA_DWA2002128_HPP
-# define FROM_PYTHON_AUX_DATA_DWA2002128_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/char_array.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/select_type.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/same_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/transform_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_stage1_data.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/composite_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/destroy.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/list/for_each_i.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/tuple/to_list.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class T> struct referent_size;
-  
-# ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-  
-  template <class T>
-  struct referent_size<T&>
-  {
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          std::size_t, value = sizeof(T));
-  };
-
-# else
-
-  template <class T> struct referent_size
-  {
-      static T f();
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(std::size_t, value = sizeof(f()));
-  };
-  
-# endif
-  struct alignment_dummy;
-  typedef void (*function_ptr)();
-  typedef int (alignment_dummy::*member_ptr);
-  typedef int (alignment_dummy::*member_function_ptr)();
-
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_ALIGNMENT_TYPES BOOST_PP_TUPLE_TO_LIST( \
-        11, ( \
-        char, short, int, long, float, double, long double \
-        , void*, function_ptr, member_ptr, member_function_ptr))
-
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_CHOOSE_LOWER_SIZE(R,P,I,T) \
-        typename mpl::select_type< \
-           sizeof(T) <= target, T, char>::type BOOST_PP_CAT(t,I);
-           
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_CHOOSE_T(R,P,I,T) T BOOST_PP_CAT(t,I);
-           
-  template <std::size_t target>
-  union lower_size
-  {
-      BOOST_PP_LIST_FOR_EACH_I(
-          BOOST_PYTHON_CHOOSE_LOWER_SIZE
-          , ignored, BOOST_PYTHON_ALIGNMENT_TYPES)
-  };
-
-  template <class Align, std::size_t size>
-  union aligned_storage
-  {
-      Align align;
-      char bytes[size];
-  };
-
-  template <class Reference>
-  struct referent_storage
-  {
-      typedef lower_size<referent_size<Reference>::value> align_t;
-      typedef aligned_storage<align_t,referent_size<Reference>::value> type;
-  };
-}
-
-template <class T>
-struct rvalue_base_data
-{
-    rvalue_stage1_data stage1;
-    
-    typename detail::referent_storage<
-        typename add_reference<T>::type
-    >::type storage;
-};
-
-template <class T>
-struct rvalue_data : rvalue_base_data<T>
-{
-    rvalue_data(rvalue_stage1_data const&);
-    rvalue_data(void*);
-    ~rvalue_data();
- private:
-    typedef typename add_reference<typename add_cv<T>::type>::type ref_type;
-};
-
-//
-// Implementataions
-//
-template <class T>
-inline rvalue_data<T>::rvalue_data(rvalue_stage1_data const& stage1)
-{
-    this->stage1 = stage1;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline rvalue_data<T>::rvalue_data(void* convertible)
-{
-    this->stage1.convertible = convertible;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline rvalue_data<T>::~rvalue_data()
-{
-    if (this->stage1.convertible == this->storage.bytes)
-        python::detail::destroy_reference<ref_type>(this->storage.bytes);
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // FROM_PYTHON_AUX_DATA_DWA2002128_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/implicit.hpp

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
 #ifndef IMPLICIT_DWA2002326_HPP
 # define IMPLICIT_DWA2002326_HPP
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_data.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_stage1_data.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_data.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/converter/registrations.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
 
@@ -16,27 +16,29 @@ struct implicit
 {
     static void* convertible(PyObject* obj)
     {
-        // Find a converter registration which can produce a Source
-        // instance from obj
-        return const_cast<rvalue_from_python_registration*>(
-            find_chain(obj, rvalue_from_python_chain<Source>::value));
+        // Find a converter chain which can produce a Source instance
+        // from obj. The user has told us that Source can be converted
+        // to Target, and instantiating construct() below, ensures
+        // that at compile-time.
+        return const_cast<rvalue_from_python_chain*>(
+            converter::implicit_conversion_chain(obj, registered<Source>::converters));
     }
       
-    static void construct(PyObject* obj, rvalue_stage1_data* data)
+    static void construct(PyObject* obj, rvalue_from_python_stage1_data* data)
     {
-        // This is the registration we got from the convertible step
-        rvalue_from_python_registration const* registration
-            = static_cast<rvalue_from_python_registration*>(data->convertible);
+        // This is the chain we got from the convertible step
+        rvalue_from_python_chain const* chain
+            = static_cast<rvalue_from_python_chain*>(data->convertible);
 
         // Call the convertible function again
-        rvalue_data<Source> intermediate_data(registration->convertible(obj));
+        rvalue_from_python_data<Source> intermediate_data(chain->convertible(obj));
           
         // Use the result to construct the source type if the first
         // converter was an rvalue converter.
-        if (registration->construct != 0)
-            registration->construct(obj, &intermediate_data.stage1);
+        if (chain->construct != 0)
+            chain->construct(obj, &intermediate_data.stage1);
           
-        void* storage = ((rvalue_base_data<Target>*)data)->storage.bytes;
+        void* storage = ((rvalue_from_python_storage<Target>*)data)->storage.bytes;
 #   if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || _MSC_FULL_VER != 13012108 // vc7.01 alpha workaround
         new (storage) Target(*static_cast<Source*>(intermediate_data.stage1.convertible));
 #   else

include/boost/python/converter/lvalue_from_python_chain.hpp

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef LVALUE_FROM_PYTHON_CHAIN_DWA200237_HPP
-# define LVALUE_FROM_PYTHON_CHAIN_DWA200237_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/converter/pointer_type_id.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registry.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
-
-// Given T == U*cv&, T == U*, or T == U&, lvalue_from_python_chain<T>
-// declares a "templated global reference" to the lvalue from_python
-// converter chain for U. The optional bool second argument callback,
-// when true, removes special treatment for T == U*cv& so that the
-// converter for U* is found.
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class T>
-  struct ptr_or_ptr_ref_lvalue_from_python_chain
-  {
-      static lvalue_from_python_registration*const& value;
-  };
-    
-  template <class T>
-  lvalue_from_python_registration*const&
-  ptr_or_ptr_ref_lvalue_from_python_chain<T>::value
-     = registry::lvalue_converters(pointer_type_id<T>());
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct ref_lvalue_from_python_chain
-  {
-      static lvalue_from_python_registration*const& value;
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  lvalue_from_python_registration*const&
-  ref_lvalue_from_python_chain<T>::value
-     = registry::lvalue_converters(undecorated_type_id<T>());
-
-  template <class T, bool callback>
-  struct select_lvalue_from_python_chain
-  {
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ptr
-          = !callback && boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_pointer<T>::value
-            || is_pointer<T>::value);
-
-      typedef typename add_reference<typename add_cv<T>::type>::type normalized;
-
-      typedef typename mpl::select_type<
-          ptr
-          , ptr_or_ptr_ref_lvalue_from_python_chain<normalized>
-          , ref_lvalue_from_python_chain<normalized>
-          >::type type;
-  };
-}
-
-template <class T, bool callback = false>
-struct lvalue_from_python_chain
-    : detail::select_lvalue_from_python_chain<T,callback>::type
-{
-};
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // LVALUE_FROM_PYTHON_CHAIN_DWA200237_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/obj_mgr_arg_from_python.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef OBJ_MGR_ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002628_HPP
+# define OBJ_MGR_ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002628_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/referent_storage.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/destroy.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/construct.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/object_manager.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/raw_pyobject.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/tag.hpp>
+
+//
+// arg_from_python converters for Python type wrappers, to be used as
+// base classes for specializations.
+//
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+template <class T>
+struct object_manager_value_arg_from_python
+{
+    typedef T result_type;
+    
+    object_manager_value_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    bool convertible() const;
+    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
+ private:
+    PyObject* m_source;
+};
+
+// Used for converting reference-to-object-manager arguments from
+// python. The process used here is a little bit odd. Upon
+// construction, we build the object manager object in the m_result
+// object, *forcing* it to accept the source Python object by casting
+// its pointer to detail::borrowed_reference. This is supposed to
+// bypass any type checking of the source object. The convertible
+// check then extracts the owned object and checks it. If the check
+// fails, nothing else in the program ever gets to touch this strange
+// "forced" object.
+template <class Ref>
+struct object_manager_ref_arg_from_python
+{
+    typedef Ref result_type;
+    
+    object_manager_ref_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    bool convertible() const;
+    Ref operator()(PyObject*) const;
+    ~object_manager_ref_arg_from_python();
+ private:
+    typename python::detail::referent_storage<Ref>::type m_result;
+};
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+
+template <class T>
+inline object_manager_value_arg_from_python<T>::object_manager_value_arg_from_python(PyObject* x)
+    : m_source(x)
+{
+}
+    
+template <class T>
+inline bool object_manager_value_arg_from_python<T>::convertible() const
+{
+    return object_manager_traits<T>::check(m_source);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T object_manager_value_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* x) const
+{
+    return T(python::detail::borrowed_reference(x));
+}
+
+template <class Ref>
+inline object_manager_ref_arg_from_python<Ref>::object_manager_ref_arg_from_python(PyObject* x)
+{
+    python::detail::construct_referent<Ref>(&m_result.bytes, python::detail::borrowed_reference(x));
+}
+
+template <class Ref>
+inline object_manager_ref_arg_from_python<Ref>::~object_manager_ref_arg_from_python()
+{
+    python::detail::destroy_referent<Ref>(this->m_result.bytes);
+}
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  template <class T>
+  inline bool object_manager_ref_check(T const& x)
+  {
+      return object_manager_traits<T>::check(get_managed_object(x, tag));
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Ref>
+inline bool object_manager_ref_arg_from_python<Ref>::convertible() const
+{
+    return detail::object_manager_ref_check(
+        python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(this->m_result.bytes, (Ref(*)())0));
+}
+
+template <class Ref>
+inline Ref object_manager_ref_arg_from_python<Ref>::operator()(PyObject*) const
+{
+    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(
+        this->m_result.bytes, (Ref(*)())0);
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // OBJ_MGR_ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002628_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/object_manager.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef OBJECT_MANAGER_DWA2002614_HPP
+# define OBJECT_MANAGER_DWA2002614_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/handle.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/cast.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/pyobject_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/object_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/mpl/select_type.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/indirect_traits.hpp>
+
+// Facilities for dealing with types which always manage Python
+// objects. Some examples are object, list, str, et. al. Different
+// to_python/from_python conversion rules apply here because in
+// contrast to other types which are typically embedded inside a
+// Python object, these are wrapped around a Python object. For most
+// object managers T, a C++ non-const T reference argument does not
+// imply the existence of a T lvalue embedded in the corresponding
+// Python argument, since mutating member functions on T actually only
+// modify the held Python object.
+//
+// handle<T> is an object manager, though strictly speaking it should
+// not be. In other words, even though mutating member functions of
+// hanlde<T> actually modify the handle<T> and not the T object,
+// handle<T>& arguments of wrapped functions will bind to "rvalues"
+// wrapping the actual Python argument, just as with other object
+// manager classes. Making an exception for handle<T> is simply not
+// worth the trouble.
+//
+// borrowed<T> cv* is an object manager so that we can use the general
+// to_python mechanisms to convert raw Python object pointers to
+// python, without the usual semantic problems of using raw pointers.
+
+
+// Object Manager Concept requirements:
+//
+//    T is an Object Manager
+//    p is a PyObject*
+//    x is a T
+//
+//    * object_manager_traits<T>::is_specialized == true
+//
+//    * T(detail::borrowed_reference(p))
+//        Manages p without checking its type
+//
+//    * get_managed_object(x, boost::python::tag)
+//        Convertible to PyObject*
+//
+// Additional requirements if T can be converted from_python:
+//
+//    * T(object_manager_traits<T>::adopt(p))
+//        steals a reference to p, or throws a TypeError exception if
+//        p doesn't have an appropriate type. May assume p is non-null
+//
+//    * X::check(p)
+//        convertible to bool. True iff T(X::construct(p)) will not
+//        throw.
+
+// Forward declarations
+//
+namespace boost { namespace python
+{
+  namespace api
+  {
+    class object; 
+  }
+}}
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+
+// Specializations for handle<T>
+template <class T>
+struct handle_object_manager_traits
+    : pyobject_traits<typename T::element_type>
+{
+ private:
+  typedef pyobject_traits<typename T::element_type> base;
+  
+ public:
+  BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_specialized = true);
+
+  // Initialize with a null_ok pointer for efficiency, bypassing the
+  // null check since the source is always non-null.
+  static null_ok<typename T::element_type>* adopt(PyObject* p)
+  {
+      return python::allow_null(base::checked_downcast(p));
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct default_object_manager_traits
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, is_specialized = python::detail::is_borrowed_ptr<T>::value
+        );
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct object_manager_traits
+    : mpl::select_type<
+         is_handle<T>::value
+       , handle_object_manager_traits<T>
+       , default_object_manager_traits<T>
+    >::type
+{
+};
+
+//
+// Traits for detecting whether a type is an object manager or a
+// (cv-qualified) reference to an object manager.
+// 
+
+template <class T>
+struct is_object_manager
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, value = object_manager_traits<T>::is_specialized);
+};
+
+# ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+template <class T>
+struct is_reference_to_object_manager
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = false);
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct is_reference_to_object_manager<T&>
+    : is_object_manager<T>
+{
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct is_reference_to_object_manager<T const&>
+    : is_object_manager<T>
+{
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct is_reference_to_object_manager<T volatile&>
+    : is_object_manager<T>
+{
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct is_reference_to_object_manager<T const volatile&>
+    : is_object_manager<T>
+{
+};
+# else
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  typedef char (&yes_reference_to_object_manager)[1];
+  typedef char (&no_reference_to_object_manager)[2];
+
+  // A number of nastinesses go on here in order to work around MSVC6
+  // bugs.
+  template <class T>
+  struct is_object_manager_help
+  {
+      typedef typename mpl::select_type<
+          is_object_manager<T>::value
+          , yes_reference_to_object_manager
+          , no_reference_to_object_manager
+          >::type type;
+
+      // If we just use the type instead of the result of calling this
+      // function, VC6 will ICE.
+      static type call();
+  };
+
+  // A set of overloads for each cv-qualification. The same argument
+  // is passed twice: the first one is used to unwind the cv*, and the
+  // second one is used to avoid relying on partial ordering for
+  // overload resolution.
+  template <class U>
+  typename is_object_manager_help<U>
+  is_object_manager_helper(U*, void*);
+  
+  template <class U>
+  typename is_object_manager_help<U>
+  is_object_manager_helper(U const*, void const*);
+  
+  template <class U>
+  typename is_object_manager_help<U>
+  is_object_manager_helper(U volatile*, void volatile*);
+  
+  template <class U>
+  typename is_object_manager_help<U>
+  is_object_manager_helper(U const volatile*, void const volatile*);
+  
+  template <class T>
+  struct is_reference_to_object_manager_nonref
+  {
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = false);
+  };
+
+  template <class T>
+  struct is_reference_to_object_manager_ref
+  {
+      static T sample_object;
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+        bool, value
+        = (sizeof(is_object_manager_helper(&sample_object, &sample_object).call())
+            == sizeof(detail::yes_reference_to_object_manager)
+          )
+        );
+  };
+}
+
+template <class T>
+struct is_reference_to_object_manager
+{
+    typedef typename mpl::select_type<
+        is_reference<T>::value
+        , detail::is_reference_to_object_manager_ref<T>
+        , detail::is_reference_to_object_manager_nonref<T>
+    > chooser;
+
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = chooser::type::value);
+};
+# endif 
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // OBJECT_MANAGER_DWA2002614_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/pointee_to_python_function.hpp

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef POINTEE_TO_PYTHON_FUNCTION_DWA2002128_HPP
-# define POINTEE_TO_PYTHON_FUNCTION_DWA2002128_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/transform_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/type_id.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registry.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/to_python_function_type.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/pointer_type_id.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
-
-// pointee_to_python_function --
-//
-// essentially a "templated global reference" which holds the
-// converter for converting a type to Python by-value. We "normalize"
-// T by adding "const volatile&" so that fewer global variables and
-// associated static initializations are generated.
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class T>
-  struct pointee_to_python_function_base
-  {
-      static to_python_function_t const& value;
-  };
-  
-  template <class T>
-  to_python_function_t const&
-  pointee_to_python_function_base<T>::value
-        = converter::registry::get_to_python_function(pointer_type_id<T>());
-}
-
-template <class T>
-struct pointee_to_python_function
-    : detail::pointee_to_python_function_base<
-        typename add_reference<
-          typename add_cv<T>::type
-        >::type
-      >
-{
-};
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // POINTEE_TO_PYTHON_FUNCTION_DWA2002128_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/pointer_type_id.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #ifndef POINTER_TYPE_ID_DWA2002222_HPP
 # define POINTER_TYPE_ID_DWA2002222_HPP
 
-# include <boost/python/converter/type_id.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/type_id.hpp>
 # include <boost/type_traits/composite_traits.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ namespace detail
   struct pointer_typeid_select
   {
       template <class T>
-      static inline undecorated_type_id_t execute(T*(*)() = 0)
+      static inline type_info execute(T*(*)() = 0)
       {
-          return undecorated_type_id<T>();
+          return type_id<T>();
       }
   };
 
@@ -27,37 +27,37 @@ namespace detail
   struct pointer_typeid_select<true>
   {
       template <class T>
-      static inline undecorated_type_id_t execute(T* const volatile&(*)() = 0)
+      static inline type_info execute(T* const volatile&(*)() = 0)
       {
-          return undecorated_type_id<T>();
+          return type_id<T>();
       }
     
       template <class T>
-      static inline undecorated_type_id_t execute(T*volatile&(*)() = 0)
+      static inline type_info execute(T*volatile&(*)() = 0)
       {
-          return undecorated_type_id<T>();
+          return type_id<T>();
       }
     
       template <class T>
-      static inline undecorated_type_id_t execute(T*const&(*)() = 0)
+      static inline type_info execute(T*const&(*)() = 0)
       {
-          return undecorated_type_id<T>();
+          return type_id<T>();
       }
 
       template <class T>
-      static inline undecorated_type_id_t execute(T*&(*)() = 0)
+      static inline type_info execute(T*&(*)() = 0)
       {
-          return undecorated_type_id<T>();
+          return type_id<T>();
       }
   };
 }
 
 // Usage: pointer_type_id<T>()
 //
-// Returns an undecorated_type_id_t associated with the type pointed
+// Returns a type_info associated with the type pointed
 // to by T, which may be a pointer or a reference to a pointer.
 template <class T>
-undecorated_type_id_t pointer_type_id(T(*)() = 0)
+type_info pointer_type_id(T(*)() = 0)
 {
     return detail::pointer_typeid_select<
           is_reference<T>::value

include/boost/python/converter/pyobject_traits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef PYOBJECT_TRAITS_DWA2002720_HPP
+# define PYOBJECT_TRAITS_DWA2002720_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/pyobject_type.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+template <class> struct pyobject_traits;
+
+template <>
+struct pyobject_traits<PyObject>
+{
+    // All objects are convertible to PyObject
+    static bool check(PyObject*) { return true; }
+    static PyObject* checked_downcast(PyObject* x) { return x; }
+};
+
+//
+// Specializations
+//
+
+# define BOOST_PYTHON_BUILTIN_OBJECT_TRAITS(T)                  \
+    template <> struct pyobject_traits<Py##T##Object>           \
+        : pyobject_type<Py##T##Object, &Py##T##_Type> {}
+
+// This is not an exhaustive list; should be expanded.
+BOOST_PYTHON_BUILTIN_OBJECT_TRAITS(Type);
+BOOST_PYTHON_BUILTIN_OBJECT_TRAITS(List);
+BOOST_PYTHON_BUILTIN_OBJECT_TRAITS(Int);
+BOOST_PYTHON_BUILTIN_OBJECT_TRAITS(Long);
+BOOST_PYTHON_BUILTIN_OBJECT_TRAITS(Dict);
+BOOST_PYTHON_BUILTIN_OBJECT_TRAITS(Tuple);
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // PYOBJECT_TRAITS_DWA2002720_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/pyobject_type.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef PYOBJECT_TYPE_DWA2002720_HPP
+# define PYOBJECT_TYPE_DWA2002720_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/cast.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* checked_downcast_impl(PyObject*, PyTypeObject*);
+
+// Used as a base class for specializations which need to provide
+// Python type checking capability.
+template <class Object, PyTypeObject* pytype>
+struct pyobject_type
+{
+    static bool check(PyObject* x)
+    {
+        return ::PyObject_IsInstance(x, (PyObject*)pytype);
+    }
+
+    static Object* checked_downcast(PyObject* x)
+    {
+        return python::downcast<Object>(
+            (checked_downcast_impl)(x, pytype)
+            );
+    }
+};
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // PYOBJECT_TYPE_DWA2002720_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/pytype_arg_from_python.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef PYTYPE_ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002628_HPP
+# define PYTYPE_ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002628_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+
+//
+// arg_from_python converters for Python type wrappers, to be used as
+// base classes for specializations.
+//
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+template <PyTypeObject* python_type>
+struct pytype_arg_from_python
+{
+    pytype_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    bool convertible() const;
+ private:
+    PyObject* m_src;
+};
+
+// rvalue converter base
+template <class Wrapper, PyTypeObject* python_type>
+struct pytype_wrapper_value_arg_from_python
+    : pytype_arg_from_python<python_type>
+{
+    typedef Wrapper result_type;
+    
+    pytype_wrapper_value_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    Wrapper operator()(PyObject*) const;
+};
+
+// Special case for Wrapper& - must store an lvalue internally. This
+// OK because the entire state of the object is actually in the Python
+// object.
+template <class Wrapper, PyTypeObject* python_type>
+struct pytype_wrapper_ref_arg_from_python
+    : pytype_arg_from_python<python_type>
+{
+    typedef Wrapper& result_type;
+    
+    pytype_wrapper_ref_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
+    Wrapper& operator()(PyObject*) const;
+ private:
+    mutable Wrapper m_result;
+};
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+
+template <PyTypeObject* python_type>
+inline pytype_arg_from_python<python_type>::pytype_arg_from_python(PyObject* x)
+    : m_src(x)
+{
+}
+
+template <PyTypeObject* python_type>
+inline bool pytype_arg_from_python<python_type>::convertible() const
+{
+    return PyObject_IsInstance(m_src, (PyObject*)python_type);
+}
+
+template <class Wrapper, PyTypeObject* python_type>
+pytype_wrapper_value_arg_from_python<Wrapper,python_type>::pytype_wrapper_value_arg_from_python(
+    PyObject* p)
+    : pytype_arg_from_python<python_type>(p)
+{
+}
+
+template <class Wrapper, PyTypeObject* python_type>
+Wrapper pytype_wrapper_value_arg_from_python<Wrapper,python_type>::operator()(
+    PyObject* x) const
+{
+    return Wrapper(python::detail::borrowed_reference(x));
+}
+
+template <class Wrapper, PyTypeObject* python_type>
+pytype_wrapper_ref_arg_from_python<Wrapper,python_type>::pytype_wrapper_ref_arg_from_python(
+    PyObject* p)
+    : pytype_arg_from_python<python_type>(p)
+      , m_result(python::detail::borrowed_reference(p))
+{
+}
+
+template <class Wrapper, PyTypeObject* python_type>
+Wrapper& pytype_wrapper_ref_arg_from_python<Wrapper,python_type>::operator()(
+    PyObject* x) const
+{
+    return m_result;
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // PYTYPE_ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002628_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/pytype_object_mgr_traits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef PYTYPE_OBJECT_MANAGER_TRAITS_DWA2002716_HPP
+# define PYTYPE_OBJECT_MANAGER_TRAITS_DWA2002716_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/detail/raw_pyobject.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/cast.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/pyobject_type.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+// Provide a forward declaration as a convenience for clients, who all
+// need it.
+template <class T> struct object_manager_traits;
+
+// Derive specializations of object_manager_traits from this class
+// when T is an object manager for a particular Python type hierarchy.
+//
+template <PyTypeObject* pytype, class T>
+struct pytype_object_manager_traits
+    : pyobject_type<T, pytype> // provides check()
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_specialized = true);
+    static inline python::detail::new_reference adopt(PyObject*);
+};
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+template <PyTypeObject* pytype, class T>
+inline python::detail::new_reference pytype_object_manager_traits<pytype,T>::adopt(PyObject* x)
+{
+    return python::detail::new_reference(python::pytype_check(pytype, x));
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // PYTYPE_OBJECT_MANAGER_TRAITS_DWA2002716_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/registered.hpp

@@ -3,37 +3,52 @@
 // copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
 // "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
 // to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef RVALUE_FROM_PYTHON_CHAIN_DWA200237_HPP
-# define RVALUE_FROM_PYTHON_CHAIN_DWA200237_HPP
+#ifndef REGISTERED_DWA2002710_HPP
+# define REGISTERED_DWA2002710_HPP
+# include <boost/python/type_id.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/converter/registry.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registrations.hpp>
 # include <boost/type_traits/transform_traits.hpp>
 # include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
 
+struct registration;
+
 namespace detail
 {
   template <class T>
-  struct rvalue_from_python_chain_impl
+  struct registered_base
   {
-      static rvalue_from_python_registration*const& value;
+      static registration const& converters;
   };
-
-  template <class T>
-  rvalue_from_python_registration*const& rvalue_from_python_chain_impl<T>::value
-      = registry::rvalue_converters(undecorated_type_id<T>());
 }
 
 template <class T>
-struct rvalue_from_python_chain
-    : detail::rvalue_from_python_chain_impl<
+struct registered
+    : detail::registered_base<
         typename add_reference<
-          typename add_cv<T>::type
+           typename add_cv<T>::type
         >::type
-      >
+    >
 {
 };
 
+# ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+// collapses a few more types to the same static instance
+template <class T>
+struct registered<T&> : registered<T> {};
+# endif
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+namespace detail
+{
+  template <class T>
+  registration const& registered_base<T>::converters
+     = registry::lookup(type_id<T>());
+}
 }}} // namespace boost::python::converter
 
-#endif // RVALUE_FROM_PYTHON_CHAIN_DWA200237_HPP
+#endif // REGISTERED_DWA2002710_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/registered_pointee.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef REGISTERED_POINTEE_DWA2002710_HPP
+# define REGISTERED_POINTEE_DWA2002710_HPP
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/pointer_type_id.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registry.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/transform_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+struct registration;
+
+# ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+template <class T>
+struct registered_pointee
+    : registered<
+        typename remove_pointer<
+           typename remove_cv<
+              typename remove_reference<T>::type
+           >::type
+        >::type
+    >
+{
+};
+# else
+namespace detail
+{
+  template <class T>
+  struct registered_pointee_base
+  {
+      static registration const& converters;
+  };
+}
+
+template <class T>
+struct registered_pointee
+    : detail::registered_pointee_base<
+        typename add_reference<
+           typename add_cv<T>::type
+        >::type
+    >
+{
+};
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+namespace detail
+{
+  template <class T>
+  registration const& registered_pointee_base<T>::converters
+     = registry::lookup(pointer_type_id<T>());
+}
+
+# endif 
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // REGISTERED_POINTEE_DWA2002710_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/registrations.hpp

@@ -6,23 +6,62 @@
 #ifndef REGISTRATIONS_DWA2002223_HPP
 # define REGISTRATIONS_DWA2002223_HPP
 
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/convertible_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/constructor_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/to_python_function_type.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/type_id.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
 
-struct lvalue_from_python_registration
+struct lvalue_from_python_chain
 {
-    void* (*convert)(PyObject* source);
-    lvalue_from_python_registration* next;
+    convertible_function convert;
+    lvalue_from_python_chain* next;
 };
 
-struct rvalue_from_python_registration
+struct rvalue_from_python_chain
 {
-    void* (*convertible)(PyObject*);
+    convertible_function convertible;
     constructor_function construct;
-    rvalue_from_python_registration* next;
+    rvalue_from_python_chain* next;
 };
 
+struct registration
+{
+    explicit registration(type_info);
+    
+    const python::type_info target_type;
+
+    // The chain of eligible from_python converters when an lvalue is required
+    lvalue_from_python_chain* lvalue_chain;
+
+    // The chain of eligible from_python converters when an rvalue is acceptable
+    rvalue_from_python_chain* rvalue_chain;
+    
+    // The unique to_python converter for the associated C++ type.
+    to_python_function_t to_python;
+
+    // The class object associated with this type
+    PyTypeObject* class_object;
+};
+
+//
+// implementations
+//
+inline registration::registration(type_info target_type)
+    : target_type(target_type)
+      , lvalue_chain(0)
+      , rvalue_chain(0)
+      , to_python(0)
+      , class_object(0)
+{}
+
+inline bool operator<(registration const& lhs, registration const& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.target_type < rhs.target_type;
+}
+
 }}} // namespace boost::python::converter
 
 #endif // REGISTRATIONS_DWA2002223_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/registry.hpp

@@ -5,47 +5,46 @@
 //  to its suitability for any purpose.
 #ifndef REGISTRY_DWA20011127_HPP
 # define REGISTRY_DWA20011127_HPP
-# include <boost/python/converter/type_id.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/type_id.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/converter/to_python_function_type.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_data.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/constructor_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/convertible_function.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter {
 
-struct lvalue_from_python_registration;
-struct rvalue_from_python_registration;
+struct registration;
 
 // This namespace acts as a sort of singleton
 namespace registry
 {
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL lvalue_from_python_registration*& lvalue_converters(undecorated_type_id_t);
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL rvalue_from_python_registration*& rvalue_converters(undecorated_type_id_t);
+  // Get the registration corresponding to the type, creating it if neccessary
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL registration const& lookup(type_info);
+
+  // Return a pointer to the corresponding registration, if one exists
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL registration const* query(type_info);
   
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL to_python_function_t const&
-  get_to_python_function(undecorated_type_id_t);
-  
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void insert(to_python_function_t, undecorated_type_id_t);
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void insert(to_python_function_t, type_info);
 
   // Insert an lvalue from_python converter
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void insert(void* (*convert)(PyObject*), undecorated_type_id_t);
+  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void insert(void* (*convert)(PyObject*), type_info);
 
   // Insert an rvalue from_python converter
   BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void insert(
-      void* (*convertible)(PyObject*)
+      convertible_function
       , constructor_function
-      , undecorated_type_id_t
+      , type_info
       );
   
   // Insert an rvalue from_python converter at the tail of the
   // chain. Used for implicit conversions
   BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void push_back(
-      void* (*convertible)(PyObject*)
+      convertible_function
       , constructor_function
-      , undecorated_type_id_t
+      , type_info
       );
-  
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyTypeObject*& class_object(undecorated_type_id_t key);
 }
 
 }}} // namespace boost::python::converter

include/boost/python/converter/return_from_python.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef RETURN_FROM_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP
+# define RETURN_FROM_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/converter/object_manager.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/from_python.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_data.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/converter/registered_pointee.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/void_ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/void_return.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+namespace detail
+{
+  template <class T>
+  struct return_pointer_from_python
+  {
+      typedef T result_type;
+      T operator()(PyObject*) const;
+  };
+  
+  template <class T>
+  struct return_reference_from_python
+  {
+      typedef T result_type;
+      T operator()(PyObject*) const;
+  };
+  
+  template <class T>
+  struct return_rvalue_from_python
+  {
+      typedef typename call_traits<T>::param_type result_type;
+      return_rvalue_from_python();
+      result_type operator()(PyObject*);
+   private:
+      rvalue_from_python_data<T> m_data;
+  };
+  
+  template <class T>
+  struct return_object_manager_from_python
+  {
+      typedef T result_type;
+      result_type operator()(PyObject*) const;
+  };
+  
+  template <class T>
+  struct select_return_from_python
+  {
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, obj_mgr = is_object_manager<T>::value);
+
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
+    
+      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
+          bool, ref = is_reference<T>::value);
+
+      typedef typename mpl::select_type<
+          obj_mgr
+          , return_object_manager_from_python<T>
+          , typename mpl::select_type<
+              ptr
+              , return_pointer_from_python<T>
+              , typename mpl::select_type<
+                  ref
+                  , return_reference_from_python<T>
+                  , return_rvalue_from_python<T>
+                >::type
+            >::type
+         >::type type;
+  };
+}
+
+template <class T>
+struct return_from_python
+    : detail::select_return_from_python<T>::type
+{
+};
+
+// Specialization as a convenience for call and call_method
+template <>
+struct return_from_python<void>
+{
+    typedef python::detail::returnable<void>::type result_type;
+    
+    result_type operator()(PyObject* x) const
+    {
+        (void_result_from_python)(x);
+# ifdef BOOST_NO_VOID_RETURNS
+        return result_type();
+# endif 
+    }
+};
+
+//
+// Implementations
+//
+namespace detail
+{
+  template <class T>
+  inline return_rvalue_from_python<T>::return_rvalue_from_python()
+      : m_data(
+          const_cast<registration*>(&registered<T>::converters)
+          )
+  {
+  }
+  
+  template <class T>
+  inline typename return_rvalue_from_python<T>::result_type
+  return_rvalue_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* obj)
+  {
+      return *(T*)
+          (rvalue_result_from_python)(obj, m_data.stage1);
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline T return_reference_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* obj) const
+  {
+      return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(
+          (reference_result_from_python)(obj, registered<T>::converters)
+          , (T(*)())0);
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline T return_pointer_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* obj) const
+  {
+      return T(
+          (pointer_result_from_python)(obj, registered_pointee<T>::converters)
+          );
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  inline T return_object_manager_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* obj) const
+  {
+      return T(
+          object_manager_traits<T>::adopt(obj)
+          );
+  }
+}
+  
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // RETURN_FROM_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_data.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
+// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+#ifndef FROM_PYTHON_AUX_DATA_DWA2002128_HPP
+# define FROM_PYTHON_AUX_DATA_DWA2002128_HPP
+
+# include <boost/python/converter/constructor_function.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/referent_storage.hpp>
+# include <boost/python/detail/destroy.hpp>
+# include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+# include <cstddef>
+
+// Data management for potential rvalue conversions from Python to C++
+// types. When a client requests a conversion to T* or T&, we
+// generally require that an object of type T exists in the source
+// Python object, and the code here does not apply**. This implements
+// conversions which may create new temporaries of type T. The classic
+// example is a conversion which converts a Python tuple to a
+// std::vector. Since no std::vector lvalue exists in the Python
+// object -- it must be created "on-the-fly" by the converter, and
+// which must manage the lifetime of the created object.
+//
+// Note that the client is not precluded from using a registered
+// lvalue conversion to T in this case. In other words, we will
+// happily accept a Python object which /does/ contain a std::vector
+// lvalue, provided an appropriate converter is registered. So, while
+// this is an rvalue conversion from the client's point-of-view, the
+// converter registry may serve up lvalue or rvalue conversions for
+// the target type.
+//
+// ** C++ argument from_python conversions to T const& are an
+// exception to the rule for references: since in C++, const
+// references can bind to temporary rvalues, we allow rvalue
+// converters to be chosen when the target type is T const& for some
+// T.
+namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
+
+// Conversions begin by filling in and returning a copy of this
+// structure. The process looks up a converter in the rvalue converter
+// registry for the target type. It calls the convertible() function
+// of each registered converter, passing the source PyObject* as an
+// argument, until a non-null result is returned. This result goes in
+// the convertible field, and the converter's construct() function is
+// stored in the construct field.
+//
+// If no appropriate converter is found, conversion fails and the
+// convertible field is null. When used in argument conversion for
+// wrapped C++ functions, it causes overload resolution to reject the
+// current function but not to fail completely. If an exception is
+// thrown, overload resolution stops and the exception propagates back
+// through the caller.
+//
+// If an lvalue converter is matched, its convertible() function is
+// expected to return a pointer to the stored T object; its
+// construct() function will be NULL. The convertible() function of
+// rvalue converters may return any non-singular pointer; the actual
+// target object will only be available once the converter's
+// construct() function is called.
+struct rvalue_from_python_stage1_data
+{
+    void* convertible;
+    constructor_function construct;
+};
+
+// Augments rvalue_from_python_stage1_data by adding storage for
+// constructing an object of remove_reference<T>::type. The
+// construct() function of rvalue converters (stored in m_construct
+// above) will cast the rvalue_from_python_stage1_data to an
+// appropriate instantiation of this template in order to access that
+// storage.
+template <class T>
+struct rvalue_from_python_storage
+{
+    rvalue_from_python_stage1_data stage1;
+
+    // Storage for the result, in case an rvalue must be constructed
+    typename python::detail::referent_storage<
+        typename add_reference<T>::type
+    >::type storage;
+};
+
+// Augments rvalue_from_python_storage<T> with a destructor. If
+// stage1.convertible == storage.bytes, it indicates that an object of
+// remove_reference<T>::type has been constructed in storage and
+// should will be destroyed in ~rvalue_from_python_data(). It is
+// crucial that successful rvalue conversions establish this equality
+// and that unsuccessful ones do not.
+template <class T>
+struct rvalue_from_python_data : rvalue_from_python_storage<T>
+{
+# if (!defined(__MWERKS__) || __MWERKS__ >= 0x3000) \
+        && (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= 245) \
+        && (!defined(__DECCXX_VER) || __DECCXX_VER > 60590014)
+    // This must always be a POD struct with m_data its first member.
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(offsetof(rvalue_from_python_storage<T>,stage1) == 0);
+# endif
+    
+    // The usual constructor 
+    rvalue_from_python_data(rvalue_from_python_stage1_data const&);
+
+    // This constructor just sets m_convertible -- used by
+    // implicitly_convertible<> to perform the final step of the
+    // conversion, where the construct() function is already known.
+    rvalue_from_python_data(void* convertible);
+
+    // Destroys any object constructed in the storage.
+    ~rvalue_from_python_data();
+ private:
+    typedef typename add_reference<typename add_cv<T>::type>::type ref_type;
+};
+
+//
+// Implementataions
+//
+template <class T>
+inline rvalue_from_python_data<T>::rvalue_from_python_data(rvalue_from_python_stage1_data const& stage1)
+{
+    this->stage1 = stage1;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline rvalue_from_python_data<T>::rvalue_from_python_data(void* convertible)
+{
+    this->stage1.convertible = convertible;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline rvalue_from_python_data<T>::~rvalue_from_python_data()
+{
+    if (this->stage1.convertible == this->storage.bytes)
+        python::detail::destroy_referent<ref_type>(this->storage.bytes);
+}
+
+}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
+
+#endif // FROM_PYTHON_AUX_DATA_DWA2002128_HPP