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[SVN r13961]
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Dave Abrahams
2002-05-17 05:02:44 +00:00
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
<title>Boost.Python - &lt;{{header}}&gt;</title>
<title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/errors.hpp&gt;</title>
<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
"header">
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
"http://www.python.org/doc/2.2/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-71">PyErr_Occurred()</a>
returns a value convertible to <code>true</code>.
<h4><a name="class-spec-synopsis"></a>Class error_already_set synopsis</h4>
<h4><a name="error_already_set-spec-synopsis"></a>Class error_already_set synopsis</h4>
<pre>
namespace boost { namespace python
{
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ same_name2(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords)
<p>Revised
<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
05 November, 2001
17 November, 2002
<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
<title>Boost.Python - &lt;{{header}}&gt;</title>
<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=
"header">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt=
"C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
<td valign="top">
<h1 align="center">Boost.Python</h1>
<h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/iterator.hpp&gt;</h2>
</table>
<hr>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
<dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a>
<dd>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#iterator-spec">Class template <code>iterator</code></a>
<dd>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#iterator-spec-synopsis">Class
<code>iterator</code> synopsis</a>
<dt><a href="#iterator-spec-ctors">Class template <code>iterator</code>
constructor</a>
</dl>
</dl>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#iterators-spec">Class template <code>iterators</code></a>
<dd>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#iterators-spec-synopsis">Class
<code>iterators</code> synopsis</a>
<dt><a href="#iterators-spec-types">Class template
<code>iterators</code> nested types</a>
<dt><a href="#iterators-spec-statics">Class template
<code>iterators</code> static functions</a>
</dl>
</dl>
<dt><a href="#functions">Functions</a>
<dd>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#range-spec">range</a>
</dl>
<dt><a href="#examples">Examples</a>
</dl>
<hr>
<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
<p><code>&lt;boost/python/iterator.hpp&gt;</code> provides types
and functions for creating <a
href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/typeiter.html">Python
iterators</a> from <a
href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html">C++
Containers</a> and <a
href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Iterators.html">Iterators</a>. Note
that if your <code>class_</code> supports random-access iterators,
implementing
<code><a
href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html#l2h-128">__getitem__</a></code>
(also known as the Sequence Protocol) may serve you better than
using this facility: Python will automatically create an iterator
type for you (see <a
href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/built-in-funcs.html#l2h-35">iter()</a>),
and each access can be range-checked, leaving no possiblity of
accessing through an invalidated C++ iterator.
<h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
<h3><a name="iterator-spec"></a>Class Template <code>iterator</code></h3>
<p>Instances of <code>iterator&lt;C,P&gt;</code> hold a reference
to a callable Python object which, when invoked from Python,
expects a single argument <code>c</code> convertible to
<code>C</code> and creates a Python iterator that traverses
[<code>c.begin()</code>,
<code>c.end()</code>). The optional <a
href="CallPolicies.html"><code>CallPolicies</code></a>
<code>P</code> can be used to control how elements are returned
during iteration.
<p>In the table below, <code><b>c</b></code> is an instance of <code>Container</code>.
<table border="1" summary="iterator template parameters">
<tr>
<th>Template Parameter
<th>Requirements
<th>Semantics
<th>Default
<tr>
<td><code>Container</code>
<td>[c.begin(),c.end()) is a valid <a
href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Iterators.html">Iterator
range</a>.
<td>The result will convert its argument to
<code>c</code> and call
<code>c.begin()</code> and <code>c.end()</code> to acquire
iterators. To invoke <code>Container</code>'s
<code>const</code> <code>begin()</code> and <code>end()</code>
functions, make it <code>const</code>.
<tr>
<td><code>NextPolicies</code>
<td>A default-constructible model of <a
href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>.
<td>Applied to the resulting iterators' <code>next()</code> method.
<td>An unspecified model of <a
href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>
which always makes a copy of the
result of deferencing the underlying C++ iterator
</table>
<h4><a name="iterator-spec-synopsis"></a>Class Template iterator synopsis</h4>
<pre>
namespace boost { namespace python
{
template &lt;class Container
, class NextPolicies = <i>unspecified</i>&gt;
struct iterator : reference&lt;PyObject*&gt;
{
iterator();
};
}}
</pre>
<h4><a name="iterator-spec-constructors"></a>Class Template
iterator constructor</h4>
<pre>
iterator()
</pre>
<dl class="function-semantics">
<dt><b>Effects:</b> Initializes its base class with the result
of:
<pre>
range&lt;NextPolicies&gt;(&amp;iterators&lt;Container&gt;::begin, &amp;iterators&lt;Container&gt;::end)
</pre>
<dt><b>Postconditions:</b> <code>this-&gt;get()</code> points to
a Python callable object which creates a Python iterator as
described above.
<dt><b>Rationale:</b> Provides an easy way to create iterators
for the common case where a C++ class being wrapped provides
<code>begin()</code> and <code>end()</code>.
</dl>
<!-- -->
<h3><a name="iterators-spec"></a>Class Template <code>iterators</code></h3>
<p>A utility class template which provides a way to reliably call
its argument's <code>begin()</code> and <code>end()</code> member
functions. Note that there is no portable way to take the address
of a member function of a C++ standard library container, so
<code>iterators&lt;&gt;</code> can be particularly helpful when
wrapping them.
<p>In the table below, <code><b>x</b></code> is an instance of <code>C</code>.
<table border="1" summary="iterator template parameters">
<tr>
<th>Required Valid Expression
<th>Type
<tr>
<td><code>x.begin()</code>
<td>Convertible to <code>C::const_iterator</code> if <code>C</code> is a
<code>const</code> type; convertible to <code>C::iterator</code> otherwise.
<tr>
<td><code>x.end()</code>
<td>Convertible to <code>C::const_iterator</code> if <code>C</code> is a
<code>const</code> type; convertible to <code>C::iterator</code> otherwise.
</table>
<h4><a name="iterators-spec-synopsis"></a>Class Template iterators synopsis</h4>
<pre>
namespace boost { namespace python
{
template &lt;class C&gt;
struct iterators
{
typedef typename C::[const_]iterator iterator;
static iterator begin(C&amp; x);
static iterator end(C&amp; x);
};
}}
</pre>
<h4><a name="iterators-spec-types"></a>Class Template
iterators nested types</h4>
If C is a <code>const</code> type,
<pre>
typedef typename C::const_iterator iterator;
</pre>
Otherwise:
<pre>
typedef typename C::iterator iterator;
</pre>
<h4><a name="iterators-spec-statics"></a>Class Template
iterators static functions</h4>
<pre>
static iterator begin(C&amp;);
</pre>
<dl class="function-semantics">
<dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>x.begin()</code>
</dl>
<pre>
static iterator end(C&amp;);
</pre>
<dl class="function-semantics">
<dt><b>Returns:</b> <code>x.end()</code>
</dl>
<!-- -->
<h2><a name="functions"></a>Functions</h2>
<pre>
<a name=
"range-spec">template</a> &lt;class NextPolicies, class Target, class Accessor1, class Accessor2&gt;
reference&lt;PyObject*&gt range(Accessor1 start, Accessor2 finish);
template &lt;class NextPolicies, class Accessor1, class Accessor2&gt;
reference&lt;PyObject*&gt range(Accessor1 start, Accessor2 finish);
template &lt;class Accessor1, class Accessor2&gt;
reference&lt;PyObject*&gt range(Accessor1 start, Accessor2 finish);
</pre>
<dl class="range-semantics">
<dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>NextPolicies</code> is a
default-constructible model of <a
href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>.
<dt><b>Effects:</b> <dl>
The first form creates a Python callable
object which, when invoked, converts its argument to a
<code>Target</code> object
<code>x</code>, and creates a Python iterator which traverses
[<code><a
href="../../../bind/bind.html">bind</a>(start,_1)(x)</code>,&nbsp;<code><a
href="../../../bind/bind.html">bind</a>(finish,_1)(x)</code>),
applying <code>NextPolicies</code> to the iterator's
<code>next()</code> function.
<dd>
<dt>The second form is identical to
the first, except that <code>Target</code> is deduced from
<code>Accessor1</code> as follows:
<ol>
<li>If <code>Accessor1</code> is a function type,
<code>Target</code> is the type of its first argument.
<li>If <code>Accessor1</code> is a data member pointer of the
form <code>R&nbsp;(T::*)</code>, <code>Target</code> is
identical to <code>T</code>.
<li>If <code>Accessor1</code> is a member function pointer of
the form
<code>R&nbsp;(T::*)(</code><i>arguments...</i><code>)</code>&nbsp;<i>cv-opt</i>,
where <i>cv-opt</i> is an optional <code>cv-qualifier</code>,
<code>Target</code> is identical to <code>T</code>.
</ol>
<dd>
<dt>The third form is identical to the second, except that
<code>NextPolicies</code> is an unspecified model of <a
href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a>
which always makes a copy of the
result of deferencing the underlying C++ iterator<dd>
</dl>
<dt><b>Rationale:</b> The use of <code><a
href="../../../bind/bind.html">boost::bind</a>()</code> allows
C++ iterators to be accessed through functions, member functions
or data member pointers. Customization of
<code>NextPolicies</code> (e.g. using <code><a
href="return_internal_reference.html#return_internal_reference-spec"
>return_internal_reference</a></code>) is useful when it is
expensive to copy sequence elements of a wrapped class
type. Customization of <code>Target</code> is useful when
<code>Accessor1</code> is a function object, or when a base
class of the intended target type would otherwise be deduced.
</dl>
<h2><a name="examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre>
#include &lt;boost/python/module.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;boost/python/class.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;boost/python/return_internal_reference.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
using namespace boost::python;
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(demo)
{
module m(&quot;demo&quot;)
.add(
class_&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt;(&quot;dvec&quot;)
.def(&quot;__iter__&quot;, iterator&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt;())
...
)
;
}
</pre>
A more comprehensive example can be found in:
<code><dl>
<dt><a href="../../test/iterator.cpp">libs/python/test/iterator.cpp</a><dd>
<dt><a href="../../test/input_iterator.cpp">libs/python/test/input_iterator.cpp</a><dd>
<dt><a href="../../test/iterator.py">libs/python/test/input_iterator.py</a><dd>
</code>
<p>Revised
<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
17 November, 2002
<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
<p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="../../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
Abrahams</a> 2002. All Rights Reserved.</i>

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<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
<p>{{Introductory text}}
<p>This header provides the basic facilities needed to create an
extension module.
<h2><a name="macros"></a>Macros</h2>

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<dl class="Reference">
<dt><a href="#concepts">Concepts</a>
<dl class="index">
<dt><a href="CallPolicies.html#CallPolicies-concept">CallPolicies</a></dt>
<dt><a href="Dereferenceable.html#Dereferenceable-concept">Dereferenceable</a></dt>
<dt><a href="ResultConverter.html#ResultConverter-concept">ResultConverter</a></dt>
<dt><a href="ResultConverter.html#ResultConverterGenerator-concept">ResultConverterGenerator</a></dt>
@@ -131,6 +132,28 @@
</dl>
</dl>
<dt><a href="iterator.html">iterator.hpp</a>
<dd>
<dl class="index">
<dt><a href="iterator.html#classes">Classes</a>
<dd>
<dl class="index">
<dt><a href=
"iterator.html#iterator-spec">iterator</a>
<dt><a href=
"iterator.html#iterators-spec">iterators</a>
</dl>
<dt><a href="iterator.html#functions">Functions</a>
<dd>
<dl class="index">
<dt><a href=
"iterator.html#range-spec">range</a>
</dl>
</dl>
<dt><a href="make_function.html">make_function.hpp</a>
<dd>
@@ -143,7 +166,7 @@
"make_function.html#make_function-spec">make_function</a>
<dt><a href=
"make_.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>
"make_function.html#make_constructor-spec">make_constructor</a>
</dl>
</dl>