Add test for GCC 12+ -Wmaybe-uninitialized false positive

Add variant_gcc_false_positive.cpp to reproduce GCC 12+ spurious
-Wmaybe-uninitialized warnings when copying/moving variant containing
non-trivially-copyable types like std::exception_ptr and std::string.

Tests use boost::system::result which internally uses variant2, and
include coroutine-based tests when C++20 coroutine support is available.

The test uses -O3 optimization to trigger the aggressive inlining that
exposes the false positive where GCC's dataflow analysis cannot prove
the discriminator ensures only initialized alternatives are accessed.

See https://github.com/boostorg/variant2/issues/33

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ include(BoostTestJamfile OPTIONAL RESULT_VARIABLE HAVE_BOOST_TEST)
 
 if(HAVE_BOOST_TEST)
 
-boost_test_jamfile(FILE Jamfile LINK_LIBRARIES Boost::variant2 Boost::core Boost::container_hash)
+boost_test_jamfile(FILE Jamfile LINK_LIBRARIES Boost::variant2 Boost::core Boost::container_hash Boost::system)
 
 endif()

test/Jamfile

@@ -172,3 +172,10 @@ compile variant_default_construct_cx_5.cpp ;
 compile variant_value_construct_cx_2.cpp ;
 compile variant_value_construct_cx_3.cpp ;
 compile variant_value_construct_cx_4.cpp ;
+
+# GCC 12+ false positive -Wmaybe-uninitialized with non-trivially-copyable types
+run variant_gcc_false_positive.cpp : : :
+    <library>/boost/system//boost_system
+    <toolset>gcc:<cxxflags>-O3
+    <toolset>clang:<cxxflags>-O3
+    ;

test/variant_gcc_false_positive.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+
+// Copyright 2025 Peter Dimov
+// Copyright 2025 Vinnie Falco
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//
+// See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+// GCC 12+ -Wmaybe-uninitialized false positive tests
+// https://github.com/boostorg/variant2/issues/33
+//
+// GCC 12+'s improved dataflow analysis sees code paths for all alternatives
+// in mp_with_index and warns that members may be uninitialized, even though
+// the variant's discriminator guarantees only initialized alternatives are
+// accessed.
+
+#include <boost/system/result.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+
+// Check for C++17 std::optional support
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+# include <optional>
+# define BOOST_VARIANT2_TEST_HAS_OPTIONAL 1
+#endif
+
+// Check for C++20 coroutine support
+#if defined(__cpp_impl_coroutine) && __cpp_impl_coroutine >= 201902L
+# include <coroutine>
+# define BOOST_VARIANT2_TEST_HAS_CORO 1
+#endif
+
+using result_void = boost::system::result<void, std::exception_ptr>;
+using result_string = boost::system::result<std::string, std::exception_ptr>;
+
+void testGccUninitialized()
+{
+    // Test 1: Simple copy construction
+    {
+        result_void r1;
+        result_void r2(r1);
+        (void)r2;
+    }
+
+    // Test 2: Copy assignment
+    {
+        result_void r1;
+        result_void r2;
+        r2 = r1;
+        (void)r2;
+    }
+
+#ifdef BOOST_VARIANT2_TEST_HAS_OPTIONAL
+    // Test 3: std::optional assignment (matches spawn pattern)
+    {
+        std::optional<result_void> opt;
+        opt = result_void{};
+        (void)opt;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Test 4: Pass to function via copy
+    {
+        auto fn = [](result_void r) { (void)r; };
+        fn(result_void{});
+    }
+
+#ifdef BOOST_VARIANT2_TEST_HAS_OPTIONAL
+    // Test 5: Lambda capture + optional (closest to spawn)
+    {
+        auto fn = [](result_void r) {
+            std::optional<result_void> opt;
+            opt = r;
+            return opt.has_value();
+        };
+        (void)fn(result_void{});
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Test 6: Non-void result with string (triggers string warning)
+    {
+        result_string r1;
+        result_string r2(r1);
+        (void)r2;
+    }
+
+    // Test 7: Assign exception to result holding value
+    {
+        result_string r1{"hello"};
+        r1 = std::make_exception_ptr(std::runtime_error("test"));
+        (void)r1;
+    }
+
+#ifdef BOOST_VARIANT2_TEST_HAS_OPTIONAL
+    // Test 8: Optional with string result
+    {
+        std::optional<result_string> opt;
+        opt = result_string{};
+        (void)opt;
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BOOST_VARIANT2_TEST_HAS_CORO
+    // Minimal fire-and-forget coroutine for testing
+    struct fire_and_forget
+    {
+        struct promise_type
+        {
+            fire_and_forget get_return_object() { return {}; }
+            std::suspend_never initial_suspend() noexcept { return {}; }
+            std::suspend_never final_suspend() noexcept { return {}; }
+            void return_void() {}
+            void unhandled_exception() { std::terminate(); }
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Test 9: Coroutine returning result (mimics spawn)
+    {
+        auto coro = []() -> fire_and_forget {
+            result_void r{};
+            (void)r;
+            co_return;
+        };
+        coro();
+    }
+
+    // Test 10: Coroutine with handler call (closest to actual spawn)
+    {
+        std::optional<result_void> received;
+        auto handler = [&](result_void r) {
+            received = r;
+        };
+        auto coro = [&]() -> fire_and_forget {
+            handler(result_void{});
+            co_return;
+        };
+        coro();
+        (void)received;
+    }
+
+    // Test 11: Coroutine with try/catch like spawn
+    {
+        std::optional<result_void> received;
+        auto handler = [&](result_void r) {
+            received = r;
+        };
+        auto coro = [&]() -> fire_and_forget {
+            try
+            {
+                handler(result_void{});
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                handler(result_void{std::current_exception()});
+            }
+            co_return;
+        };
+        coro();
+        (void)received;
+    }
+
+    // Test 12: Coroutine with string result
+    {
+        std::optional<result_string> received;
+        auto handler = [&](result_string r) {
+            received = r;
+        };
+        auto coro = [&]() -> fire_and_forget {
+            try
+            {
+                handler(result_string{"test"});
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                handler(result_string{std::current_exception()});
+            }
+            co_return;
+        };
+        coro();
+        (void)received;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    testGccUninitialized();
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}