This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create tag

'Version_1_26_0'.

[SVN r11842]

build/Jamfile

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+#  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+#  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+#  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+#  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+#
+# Boost.Python build and test Jamfile
+#
+# To run all tests quietly: jam test
+# To run all tests with verbose output: jam -sPYTHON_TEST_ARGS=-v test
+#
+# Declares the following targets:
+#   1. libboost_python, a static link library to be linked with all
+#      Boost.Python modules
+#
+#   2. pairs of test targets of the form <name>.test and <name>.run
+#      <name>.test runs the test when it is out-of-date, and the "test"
+#      pseudotarget depends on it. <name>.run runs
+#      a test unconditionally, and can be used to force a test to run.. Each
+#      test target builds one or more Boost.Python modules and runs a Python
+#      script to test them. The test names are:
+#
+#      from ../test
+#
+#         comprehensive         - a comprehensive test of Boost.Python features
+#
+#      from ../example:
+#         abstract              -
+#         getting_started1      -
+#         getting_started2      -
+#         simple_vector         -
+#         do_it_yourself_convts -
+#         pickle1               -
+#         pickle2               -
+#         pickle3               -
+#
+#         dvect1                -
+#         dvect2                -
+#         ivect1                -
+#         ivect2                -
+#         noncopyable           -
+#
+# subproject-specific environment/command-line variables:
+#
+# PYTHON                - How to invoke the Python interpreter. Defaults to "python"
+#
+# PYTHON_ROOT           - Windows only: where Python is installed. Defaults to "c:/tools/python"
+#
+# PYTHON_VERSION        - Version of Python. Defaults to "2.1" on Windows, "1.5" on Unix
+#
+# PYTHON_TEST_ARGS      - specifies arguments to be passed to test scripts on
+#                         the command line. "-v" can be useful if you want to
+#                         see the output of successful tests.
+#
+# PYTHON_VECT_ITERATIONS - specifies the number of test iterations to use for
+#                          the dvect and ivect tests above.
+
+
+# declare the location of this subproject relative to the root
+subproject libs/python/build ;
+
+# grab variables from command-line or environment.
+local PYTHON_VERSION = $(PYTHON_VERSION) ;
+local PYTHON_ROOT = $(PYTHON_ROOT) ;
+local PYTHON_INCLUDES = $(PYTHON_INCLUDES) ;
+local PYTHON_LIBS = $(PYTHON_LIBS) ;
+local PYTHON_LIB_PATH = $(PYTHON_LIB_PATH) ;
+local PYTHON_PROPERTIES = $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) ;
+
+# Do some OS-specific setup
+if $(NT)
+{
+    PYTHON_VERSION ?= 2.1 ;
+    PYTHON_ROOT ?= c:/tools/python ;
+    PYTHON_INCLUDES ?= <include>$(PYTHON_ROOT)/include <gcc><*><include>/usr/include/python$(PYTHON_VERSION) ;
+    PYTHON_LIBS ?= c:/cygnus/lib/python$(PYTHON_VERSION)/config/libpython$(PYTHON_VERSION).dll.a ;
+    PYTHON_LIB_PATH ?= $(PYTHON_ROOT)/libs ;
+
+    # common properties required for compiling any Python module.
+    PYTHON_PROPERTIES ?=
+        <gcc><*><define>SIZEOF_LONG=4
+        <gcc><*><define>USE_DL_IMPORT
+        <debug><define>_DEBUG
+        <runtime-link>dynamic
+        ;
+                        
+}
+else if $(UNIX)
+{
+    PYTHON_VERSION ?= 1.5 ;
+    PYTHON_INCLUDES ?= <include>/usr/include/python$(PYTHON_VERSION) ;
+    PYTHON_LIBS ?= /usr/lib/python$(PYTHON_VERSION)/config/libpython$(PYTHON_VERSION).a ;
+}
+
+local PYTHON_VERSION_NODOT
+        = [ SUBST $(PYTHON_VERSION) ([0-9]*)\.([0-9]*) $1$2 ]
+      ;
+
+# how do we invoke python?
+local PYTHON = $(PYTHON) ;
+PYTHON ?= python ;
+PYTHON = [ FAppendSuffix $(PYTHON:G=<executable-grist>) : $(SUFEXE) ] ;
+SEARCH on $(PYTHON) = $(PATH) ;
+
+#######################
+
+#
+# Declare the boost python static link library
+#
+
+# standard include requirements for anything using Boost.Python
+local BOOST_PYTHON_INCLUDES = <include>$(BOOST_ROOT) $(PYTHON_INCLUDES) ;
+
+# Base names of the source files for libboost_python
+local CPP_SOURCES =
+    types classes conversions extension_class functions 
+    init_function module_builder objects  cross_module ;
+
+lib libboost_python : ../src/$(CPP_SOURCES).cpp
+    # requirements
+    : $(BOOST_PYTHON_INCLUDES)
+    <shared-linkable>true
+    $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) ;
+
+lib libboost_python_d : ../src/$(CPP_SOURCES).cpp
+    # requirements
+    : $(BOOST_PYTHON_INCLUDES)
+    <shared-linkable>true
+    $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES)
+    <define>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON
+    ;
+    
+#######################
+
+# boost-python name : sources : requirements : default-BUILD
+#
+# Declare a boost python module. Return a list of the DLL files generated.
+rule boost-python
+{
+    local debug = "" ;
+    if ( <define>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON in $(3) ) || ( debug-python in $(BUILD) )
+    {
+        debug = _d ;
+    }
+    
+    # declare a DLL; add the boost python library to sources
+    dll $(<) : <lib>libboost_python$(debug) $(>)
+            
+            # Requirements
+            : $(3) # caller-specified requirements
+            
+                # standard requirements
+                $(BOOST_PYTHON_INCLUDES)
+                <msvc><*><library-path>$(PYTHON_LIB_PATH)
+                <intel-win32><*><library-path>$(PYTHON_LIB_PATH)
+                <metrowerks><*><library-file>$(PYTHON_LIB_PATH)/python$(PYTHON_VERSION_NODOT)$(debug).lib
+                <gcc><*><library-file>$(PYTHON_LIBS)
+                $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES)
+                
+        : $(4) ;                      # pass on the default-BUILD, if any
+}
+
+# boost-python-test name : sources : requirements : default-BUILD
+#
+# Just like boost-python, but the result becomes part of the test pseudotarget
+# instead of being built by 'all'
+rule boost-python-test
+{
+    type-DEPENDS test : $(<) ;
+    type-DEPENDS test_d : $(<)_d ;
+    NOTFILE test_d ;
+    
+    local gSUPPRESS_FAKE_TARGETS = true ;
+    boost-python $(1) : $(2) : $(3) : $(4) ;
+    boost-python $(1)_d : $(2) : $(3) <define>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON : $(4) ;
+}
+
+#######################
+
+# boost-python-runtest target : python-script sources : requirements : local-build : args
+#
+# declare two python module tests: $(<).test which builds when out-of-date, and
+# $(<).run which builds unconditionally.
+rule boost-python-runtest
+{
+    # tell Jam that the python script is relative to this directory
+    SEARCH on $(>[1]) = $(SEARCH_SOURCE) ;
+    
+    # required command-line args can be specified in argument 5
+    # The user can add additional arguments in PYTHON_TEST_ARGS.
+    local gPYTHON_TEST_ARGS = $(5) $(PYTHON_TEST_ARGS) ;
+
+    # declare the two subsidiary tests.
+    declare-local-target $(<:S=.test) : $(>) : $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) : $(4) : PYTHON_TEST ;
+    declare-local-target $(<:S=.run) : $(>) : $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) : $(4) : PYTHON_RUNTEST ;
+}
+
+# special rules for two new target types: PYTHON_TEST and PYTHON_RUNTEST.
+# These are identical except that PYTHON_TEST runs the test when out-of-date, and
+# PYTHON_RUNTEST runs the test unconditionally. These are used by boost-python-runtest.
+SUFPYTHON_TEST = .test ;
+gGENERATOR_FUNCTION(PYTHON_TEST) = python-test-target ;
+rule python-test-target # test-target : sources : 
+{
+    python-runtest-aux $(<) : $(>) ;
+    Clean clean : $(<) ; # remove the test-target as part of any clean operation
+    local debug = [ SUBST $(<:B) (_d)$ $1 ] ;
+    debug ?= "" ;
+    type-DEPENDS test$(debug) : $(<) ;
+    MakeLocate $(<) : $(LOCATE_TARGET) ;
+}
+actions python-test-target bind PYTHON
+{
+    $(SHELL_SET)PYTHONPATH=$(PYTHONPATH)
+    $(SHELL_EXPORT)PYTHONPATH
+    $(PYTHON) "$(>)" $(ARGS) > "$(<)"
+}
+
+SUFPYTHON_RUNTEST = .run ;
+gGENERATOR_FUNCTION(PYTHON_RUNTEST) = python-runtest-target ;
+rule python-runtest-target # test-target : sources : 
+{
+    python-runtest-aux $(<) : $(>) ;
+    NOTFILE $(<) ;
+    ALWAYS $(<) ;
+}
+actions python-runtest-target bind PYTHON
+{
+    $(SHELL_SET)PYTHONPATH=$(PYTHONPATH)
+    $(SHELL_EXPORT)PYTHONPATH
+    $(PYTHON) "$(>)" $(ARGS)
+}
+
+rule python-runtest-aux # target : sources
+{
+    DEPENDS $(<) : $(>) ;
+
+    ARGS on $(<) += $(gPYTHON_TEST_ARGS) ;
+    
+    # Some tests need an extra command-line arg if built with
+    # msvc. Checking the target grist is a cheap way to
+    # find out. 
+    switch $(<)
+    {
+        case <*\\\\msvc\\\\*>* : ARGS on $(<) += --broken-auto-ptr ;
+        case <*\\\\intel-win32\\\\*>* : ARGS on $(<) += --broken-auto-ptr ;
+    }
+
+    # compute the PYTHONPATH environment variable that will allow the test to
+    # find all of the modules on which it depends.
+    PYTHONPATH on $(<) = [ join
+        $(gLOCATE($(>[1])))                     # location of python test file
+        $(gRUN_PATH($(<)))                      # location of module dependencies
+        [ join-path $(TOP) libs python test ]   # location of doctest
+        $(>:D)                                  # directory of python driver file(s)
+        $(PYTHONPATH)                           # base PYTHONPATH from environment
+        : $(SPLITPATH) ] ;                      # platform path separator
+
+    PYTHON on $(<) = $(PYTHON) ;
+    DEPENDS $(<) : $(PYTHON) ;
+}
+
+############# comprehensive module and test ###########
+boost-python-test boost_python_test : ../test/comprehensive.cpp ;
+
+boost-python-runtest comprehensive
+         : [ join-path $(DOTDOT) test comprehensive.py ]
+           <lib>boost_python_test ;
+
+boost-python-runtest comprehensive_d
+         : [ join-path $(DOTDOT) test comprehensive.py ]
+           <lib>boost_python_test_d ;
+
+############# simple tests from ../example ############
+
+rule boost-python-example-runtest
+{
+    boost-python-test $(<) : ../example/$(<).cpp ;
+    boost-python-runtest $(<) : [ join-path $(DOTDOT) example test_$(<).py ] <lib>$(<) ;
+    boost-python-runtest $(<)_d : [ join-path $(DOTDOT) example test_$(<).py ] <lib>$(<)_d ;
+}
+
+
+boost-python-example-runtest abstract ;
+boost-python-example-runtest getting_started1 ;
+boost-python-example-runtest getting_started2 ;
+boost-python-example-runtest simple_vector ;
+boost-python-example-runtest do_it_yourself_convts ;
+boost-python-example-runtest pickle1 ;
+boost-python-example-runtest pickle2 ;
+boost-python-example-runtest pickle3 ;
+
+
+boost-python-test ivect : ../example/ivect.cpp ;
+boost-python-test dvect : ../example/dvect.cpp ;
+boost-python-test noncopyable_export : ../example/noncopyable_export.cpp ;
+boost-python-test noncopyable_import : ../example/noncopyable_import.cpp ;
+
+############## cross-module tests from ../example ##########
+
+# A simple rule to build a test which depends on multiple modules in the PYTHONPATH
+rule boost-python-multi-example-runtest # test-name : python-file libs
+{
+    boost-python-runtest $(<)
+        : ../example/tst_$(<).py <lib>$(>)
+        : : : $(PYTHON_VECT_ITERATIONS) ;
+}
+
+PYTHON_VECT_ITERATIONS ?= 10 ;
+
+boost-python-multi-example-runtest dvect1 : ivect dvect ;
+boost-python-multi-example-runtest dvect2 : ivect dvect ;
+
+boost-python-multi-example-runtest ivect1 : ivect dvect ;
+boost-python-multi-example-runtest ivect2 : ivect dvect ;
+
+boost-python-multi-example-runtest
+        noncopyable : noncopyable_import noncopyable_export ;
+

build/bpl_static.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="bpl_static" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Static Library" 0x0104
+
+CFG=bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "bpl_static.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "bpl_static.mak" CFG="bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "bpl_static - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Static Library")
+!MESSAGE "bpl_static - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Static Library")
+!MESSAGE "bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Static Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "bpl_static - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W4 /WX /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /FR /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LIB32=link.exe -lib
+# ADD BASE LIB32 /nologo
+# ADD LIB32 /nologo
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "bpl_static - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W4 /WX /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LIB32=link.exe -lib
+# ADD BASE LIB32 /nologo
+# ADD LIB32 /nologo
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "bpl_static___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "bpl_static___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W4 /WX /Gm /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W4 /WX /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_MBCS" /D "_LIB" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /EHs /c
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LIB32=link.exe -lib
+# ADD BASE LIB32 /nologo
+# ADD LIB32 /nologo
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "bpl_static - Win32 Release"
+# Name "bpl_static - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "bpl_static - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\classes.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\conversions.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\extension_class.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\functions.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\init_function.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\module_builder.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\objects.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\src\types.cpp
+# ADD CPP /W3
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\base_object.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
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+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
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+# End Source File
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+# End Source File
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+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
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+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\config.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\conversions.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\errors.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\extension_class.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\functions.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\init_function.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\module_builder.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\none.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\objects.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\operators.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\reference.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\signatures.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\singleton.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\types.hpp
+# End Source File
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\..\boost\python\detail\wrap_python.hpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/build.dsw

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+Microsoft Developer Studio Workspace File, Format Version 6.00
+# WARNING: DO NOT EDIT OR DELETE THIS WORKSPACE FILE!
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "bpl_static"=.\bpl_static.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "example1"=.\example1\example1.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "getting_started1"=.\getting_started1\getting_started1.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "getting_started2"=.\getting_started2\getting_started2.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
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+{{{
+    begin source code control
+    getting_started2
+    .\getting_started2
+    end source code control
+}}}
+
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+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
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+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Project: "test"=.\test\test.dsp - Package Owner=<4>
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<4>
+{{{
+    Begin Project Dependency
+    Project_Dep_Name bpl_static
+    End Project Dependency
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+
+Global:
+
+Package=<5>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+Package=<3>
+{{{
+}}}
+
+###############################################################################
+

build/como.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Revision History:
+# 17 Apr 01  include cross-module support, compile getting_started1 (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve) UNTESTED!
+# 06 Mar 01  Fixed typo in use of "PYTHON_LIB" (Dave Abrahams)
+# 04 Mar 01  Changed library name to libboost_python.a (David Abrahams)
+
+LIBSRC = \
+    classes.cpp \
+    conversions.cpp \
+    cross_module.cpp \
+    extension_class.cpp \
+    functions.cpp \
+    init_function.cpp \
+    module_builder.cpp \
+    objects.cpp \
+    types.cpp
+        
+LIBOBJ = $(LIBSRC:.cpp=.o)
+OBJ = $(LIBOBJ)
+
+
+ifeq "$(OS)" "Windows_NT"
+PYTHON_LIB=c:/tools/python/libs/python15.lib
+INC = -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include/g++-3 -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include -Ic:/boost -Ic:/tools/python/include
+MODULE_EXTENSION=dll
+else
+INC = -I/usr/local/include/python1.5
+MODULE_EXTENSION=so
+endif
+
+%.o: ../src/%.cpp
+	como --pic $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+%.d: ../src/%.cpp
+	@echo creating $@
+	@set -e; como -M $(INC) -c $< \
+            | sed 's/\($*\)\.o[ :]*/\1.o $@ : /g' > $@; \
+                [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@
+
+getting_started1: getting_started1.o libboost_python.a
+	como-dyn-link -o ../example/getting_started1.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) $(PYTHON_LIB) getting_started1.o -L. -lboost_python
+	ln -s ../test/doctest.py ../example
+	python ../example/test_getting_started1.py
+
+getting_started1.o: ../example/getting_started1.cpp
+	como --pic $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf *.o *.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) *.a *.d *.pyc *.bak a.out
+
+libboost_python.a: $(LIBOBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	ar cq libboost_python.a $(LIBOBJ)
+
+DEP = $(OBJ:.o=.d)
+
+ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
+include $(DEP)
+endif

build/example1/example1.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="example1" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=example1 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "example1.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "example1.mak" CFG="example1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "example1 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "example1 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "example1 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "example1 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386 /out:"Release/hello.dll" /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "example1 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"Debug/hello.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "example1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "example1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "example1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "EXAMPLE1_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /EHs /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"Debug/hello.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/hello_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "example1 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "example1 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "example1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\example1.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/filemgr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 use os.path, shutil
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+bpl_src = "/libs/python/src"
+bpl_tst = "/libs/python/test"
+bpl_exa = "/libs/python/example"
+files = (
+bpl_src + "/classes.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/conversions.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/extension_class.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/functions.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/init_function.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/module_builder.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/objects.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/types.cpp",
+bpl_src + "/cross_module.cpp",
+bpl_tst + "/comprehensive.cpp",
+bpl_tst + "/comprehensive.hpp",
+bpl_tst + "/comprehensive.py",
+bpl_tst + "/doctest.py",
+bpl_exa + "/abstract.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/getting_started1.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/getting_started2.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/simple_vector.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/do_it_yourself_convts.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/nested.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/pickle1.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/pickle2.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/pickle3.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/test_abstract.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_getting_started1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_getting_started2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_simple_vector.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_do_it_yourself_convts.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_nested.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_pickle1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_pickle2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_pickle3.py",
+bpl_exa + "/noncopyable.h",
+bpl_exa + "/noncopyable_export.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/noncopyable_import.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect.h",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect_conversions.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/dvect_defs.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect.h",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect_conversions.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/ivect_defs.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_noncopyable.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_dvect1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_dvect2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_ivect1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/tst_ivect2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_cross_module.py",
+bpl_exa + "/vector_wrapper.h",
+bpl_exa + "/richcmp1.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/richcmp2.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/richcmp3.cpp",
+bpl_exa + "/test_richcmp1.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_richcmp2.py",
+bpl_exa + "/test_richcmp3.py",
+)
+
+defs = (
+"boost_python_test",
+"abstract",
+"getting_started1",
+"getting_started2",
+"simple_vector",
+"do_it_yourself_convts",
+"nested",
+"pickle1",
+"pickle2",
+"pickle3",
+"noncopyable_export",
+"noncopyable_import",
+"ivect",
+"dvect",
+"richcmp1",
+"richcmp2",
+"richcmp3",
+)
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+
+  import sys, os, shutil
+
+  path = sys.argv[1]
+  mode = sys.argv[2]
+  if (not mode in ("softlinks", "unlink", "cp", "rm", "copy", "del")):
+    raise RuntimeError, \
+      "usage: python filemgr.py path <softlinks|unlink|cp|rm|copy|del>"
+
+  if (mode in ("cp", "copy")):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      print "Copying: " + f
+      shutil.copy(path + fn, ".")
+
+  elif (mode == "softlinks"):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      if (os.path.exists(f)):
+        print "File exists: " + f
+      else:
+        print "Linking: " + f
+        os.symlink(path + fn, f)
+
+  elif (mode in ("rm", "del")):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      if (os.path.exists(f)):
+        print "Removing: " + f
+        try: os.unlink(f)
+        except: pass
+
+  elif (mode == "unlink"):
+    for fn in files:
+      f = os.path.basename(fn)
+      if (os.path.exists(f)):
+        if (os.path.islink(f)):
+          print "Unlinking: " + f
+          try: os.unlink(f)
+          except: pass
+        else:
+          print "Not a softlink: " + f
+
+  if (mode in ("softlinks", "cp", "copy")):
+    for d in defs:
+      fn = d + ".def"
+      print "Creating: " + fn
+      f = open(fn, "w")
+      f.write("EXPORTS\n")
+      f.write("\tinit" + d + "\n")
+      f.close()
+
+  if (mode in ("unlink", "rm", "del")):
+    for d in defs:
+      fn = d + ".def"
+      if (os.path.exists(fn)):
+        print "Removing: " + fn
+        try: os.unlink(fn)
+        except: pass

build/gcc.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#  Revision History
+
+#  17 Apr 01 include cross-module support, compile getting_started1 (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#  17 Apr 01 build shared library (patch provided by Dan Nuffer)
+#  04 Mar 01 Changed library name to libboost_python.a, various cleanups,
+#            attempted Cygwin compatibility. Still needs testing on Linux
+#            (David Abrahams)
+
+
+LIBSRC = \
+    classes.cpp \
+    conversions.cpp \
+    cross_module.cpp \
+    extension_class.cpp \
+    functions.cpp \
+    init_function.cpp \
+    module_builder.cpp \
+    objects.cpp \
+    types.cpp
+
+LIBOBJ = $(LIBSRC:.cpp=.o)
+OBJ = $(LIBOBJ)
+
+LIBNAME = libboost_python
+# libpython2.0.dll
+
+ifeq "$(OS)" "Windows_NT"
+ROOT=c:/cygnus
+INC = -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include/g++-3 -Ic:/cygnus/usr/include -Ic:/boost -I$(PYTHON_INC)
+MODULE_EXTENSION=dll
+PYTHON_LIB=c:/cygnus/usr/local/lib/python2.0/config/libpython2.0.dll.a
+SHARED_LIB = $(LIBNAME).dll
+else
+PYTHON_INC=$(ROOT)/usr/local/Python-2.0/include/python2.0
+BOOST_INC=../../..
+INC = -I$(BOOST_INC) -I$(PYTHON_INC)
+MODULE_EXTENSION=so
+VERSION=1
+SHARED_LIB = $(LIBNAME).so.$(VERSION)
+endif
+
+%.o: ../src/%.cpp
+	g++ -fPIC -Wall -W $(INC) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+%.d: ../src/%.cpp
+	@echo creating $@
+	@set -e; g++ -M $(INC) -c $< \
+            | sed 's/\($*\)\.o[ :]*/\1.o $@ : /g' > $@; \
+                [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@
+
+
+PYTHON = python
+
+all: test $(SHARED_LIB) getting_started1
+
+test: comprehensive.o $(LIBNAME).a $(SHARED_LIB)
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -o ../test/boost_python_test.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) comprehensive.o -L. -lboost_python  $(PYTHON_LIB)
+	$(PYTHON) ../test/comprehensive.py
+
+comprehensive.o: ../test/comprehensive.cpp
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) --template-depth-32 -fPIC -Wall -W $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+
+getting_started1: getting_started1.o $(LIBNAME).a
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -o ../example/getting_started1.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) getting_started1.o -L. -lboost_python  $(PYTHON_LIB)
+	ln -s ../test/doctest.py ../example
+	$(PYTHON) ../example/test_getting_started1.py
+
+getting_started1.o: ../example/getting_started1.cpp
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) --template-depth-32 -fPIC -Wall -W $(INC) -o $*.o -c $<
+
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf *.o *.$(MODULE_EXTENSION) *.a *.d *.pyc *.bak a.out
+
+$(LIBNAME).a: $(LIBOBJ)
+	rm -f $@
+	ar cqs $@ $(LIBOBJ)
+
+$(SHARED_LIB): $(LIBOBJ)
+	g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -o $@ -Wl,--soname=$(LIBNAME).$(MODULE_EXTENSION)
+
+DEP = $(OBJ:.o=.d)
+
+ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
+include $(DEP)
+endif

build/getting_started1/getting_started1.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="getting_started1" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started1.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started1.mak" CFG="getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "getting_started1 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started1 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=xicl6.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started1 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386 /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started1 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /GR /GX /ZI /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /pdb:"DebugPython/boost_python_test_d.pdb" /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/getting_started1_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+# SUBTRACT LINK32 /pdb:none
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "getting_started1 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "getting_started1 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "getting_started1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\getting_started1.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/getting_started2/getting_started2.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="getting_started2" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started2.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "getting_started2.mak" CFG="getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "getting_started2 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started2 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName "getting_started2"
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath "."
+CPP=xicl6.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started2 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /machine:I386 /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started2 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "getting_started2___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /FR /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=xilink6.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /subsystem:windows /dll /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/getting_started2_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\pcbuild"
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "getting_started2 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "getting_started2 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "getting_started2 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\getting_started2.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/irix_CC.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   Create a new empty directory anywhere (preferably not in the boost tree).
+#   Copy this Makefile to that new directory and rename it to "Makefile"
+#   Adjust the pathnames below.
+#
+#   make softlinks     Create softlinks to source code and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make unlink        Remove softlinks
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=$(HOME)
+BOOST=$(ROOT)/boost
+
+PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/local/Python-1.5.2/bin/python
+PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/local/Python-2.1/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-2.1/include/python2.1
+STLPORTINC=-I$(BOOST)/boost/compatibility/cpp_c_headers
+
+STDOPTS=
+WARNOPTS=-woff 1001,1234,1682
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=CC -LANG:std -n32 -mips4
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+MAKEDEP=-M
+
+LD=CC -LANG:std -n32 -mips4
+LDOPTS=-shared
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+DEPOBJ=$(OBJ) \
+       comprehensive.o \
+       abstract.o \
+       getting_started1.o getting_started2.o \
+       simple_vector.o \
+       do_it_yourself_convts.o \
+       nested.o \
+       pickle1.o pickle2.o pickle3.o \
+       noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_import.o \
+       ivect.o dvect.o \
+       richcmp1.o richcmp2.o richcmp3.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     boost_python_test.so \
+     abstract.so \
+     getting_started1.so getting_started2.so \
+     simple_vector.so \
+     do_it_yourself_convts.so \
+     nested.so \
+     pickle1.so pickle2.so pickle3.so \
+     noncopyable_export.so noncopyable_import.so \
+     ivect.so dvect.so \
+     richcmp1.so richcmp2.so richcmp3.so
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	$(CPP) -ar -o libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.so: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.o -o boost_python_test.so -lm
+
+abstract.so: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.o -o abstract.so
+
+getting_started1.so: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.o -o getting_started1.so
+
+getting_started2.so: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.o -o getting_started2.so
+
+simple_vector.so: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.o -o simple_vector.so
+
+do_it_yourself_convts.so: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o -o do_it_yourself_convts.so
+
+nested.so: $(OBJ) nested.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) nested.o -o nested.so
+
+pickle1.so: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.o -o pickle1.so
+
+pickle2.so: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.o -o pickle2.so
+
+pickle3.so: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.o -o pickle3.so
+
+noncopyable_export.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_export.o -o noncopyable_export.so
+
+noncopyable_import.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_import.o -o noncopyable_import.so
+
+ivect.so: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) ivect.o -o ivect.so
+
+dvect.so: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) dvect.o -o dvect.so
+
+richcmp1.so: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.o -o richcmp1.so
+
+richcmp2.so: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.o -o richcmp2.so
+
+richcmp3.so: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.o -o richcmp3.so
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_convts.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_nested.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJ) libboost_python.a libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f comprehensive.o boost_python_test.so
+	rm -f abstract.o abstract.so
+	rm -f getting_started1.o getting_started1.so
+	rm -f getting_started2.o getting_started2.so
+	rm -f simple_vector.o simple_vector.so
+	rm -f do_it_yourself_convts.o do_it_yourself_convts.so
+	rm -f nested.o nested.so
+	rm -f pickle1.o pickle1.so
+	rm -f pickle2.o pickle2.so
+	rm -f pickle3.o pickle3.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_export.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_import.o noncopyable_import.so
+	rm -f ivect.o ivect.so
+	rm -f dvect.o dvect.so
+	rm -f richcmp1.o richcmp1.so
+	rm -f richcmp2.o richcmp2.so
+	rm -f richcmp3.o richcmp3.so
+	rm -f so_locations *.pyc
+	rm -rf ii_files
+
+softlinks:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) unlink
+
+cp:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) cp
+
+rm:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) rm
+
+depend:
+	@ cat Makefile.nodepend; \
+          for obj in $(DEPOBJ); \
+          do \
+            bn=`echo "$$obj" | cut -d. -f1`; \
+            $(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) $(MAKEDEP) "$$bn".cpp; \
+          done
+

build/linux_gcc.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   Create a new empty directory anywhere (preferably not in the boost tree).
+#   Copy this Makefile to that new directory and rename it to "Makefile"
+#   Adjust the pathnames below.
+#
+#   make softlinks     Create softlinks to source code and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make unlink        Remove softlinks
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=$(HOME)
+BOOST=$(ROOT)/boost
+
+PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/bin/python
+PYINC=-I/usr/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/local/Python-1.5.2/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/local/Python-2.1/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-2.1/include/python2.1
+
+STDOPTS=-fPIC -ftemplate-depth-21
+WARNOPTS=
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=g++
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+MAKEDEP=-M
+
+LD=$(CPP)
+LDOPTS=-shared
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+DEPOBJ=$(OBJ) \
+       comprehensive.o \
+       abstract.o \
+       getting_started1.o getting_started2.o \
+       simple_vector.o \
+       do_it_yourself_convts.o \
+       nested.o \
+       pickle1.o pickle2.o pickle3.o \
+       noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_import.o \
+       ivect.o dvect.o \
+       richcmp1.o richcmp2.o richcmp3.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     boost_python_test.so \
+     abstract.so \
+     getting_started1.so getting_started2.so \
+     simple_vector.so \
+     do_it_yourself_convts.so \
+     nested.so \
+     pickle1.so pickle2.so pickle3.so \
+     noncopyable_export.so noncopyable_import.so \
+     ivect.so dvect.so \
+     richcmp1.so richcmp2.so richcmp3.so
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	ar r libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.so: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.o -o boost_python_test.so -lm
+
+abstract.so: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.o -o abstract.so
+
+getting_started1.so: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.o -o getting_started1.so
+
+getting_started2.so: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.o -o getting_started2.so
+
+simple_vector.so: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.o -o simple_vector.so
+
+do_it_yourself_convts.so: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o -o do_it_yourself_convts.so
+
+nested.so: $(OBJ) nested.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) nested.o -o nested.so
+
+pickle1.so: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.o -o pickle1.so
+
+pickle2.so: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.o -o pickle2.so
+
+pickle3.so: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.o -o pickle3.so
+
+noncopyable_export.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_export.o -o noncopyable_export.so
+
+noncopyable_import.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_import.o -o noncopyable_import.so
+
+ivect.so: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) ivect.o -o ivect.so
+
+dvect.so: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) dvect.o -o dvect.so
+
+richcmp1.so: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.o -o richcmp1.so
+
+richcmp2.so: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.o -o richcmp2.so
+
+richcmp3.so: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.o -o richcmp3.so
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_convts.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_nested.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJ) libboost_python.a libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f comprehensive.o boost_python_test.so
+	rm -f abstract.o abstract.so
+	rm -f getting_started1.o getting_started1.so
+	rm -f getting_started2.o getting_started2.so
+	rm -f simple_vector.o simple_vector.so
+	rm -f do_it_yourself_convts.o do_it_yourself_convts.so
+	rm -f nested.o nested.so
+	rm -f pickle1.o pickle1.so
+	rm -f pickle2.o pickle2.so
+	rm -f pickle3.o pickle3.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_export.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_import.o noncopyable_import.so
+	rm -f ivect.o ivect.so
+	rm -f dvect.o dvect.so
+	rm -f richcmp1.o richcmp1.so
+	rm -f richcmp2.o richcmp2.so
+	rm -f richcmp3.o richcmp3.so
+	rm -f so_locations *.pyc
+
+softlinks:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) unlink
+
+cp:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) cp
+
+rm:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) rm
+
+depend:
+	@ cat Makefile.nodepend; \
+          for obj in $(DEPOBJ); \
+          do \
+            bn=`echo "$$obj" | cut -d. -f1`; \
+            $(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) $(MAKEDEP) "$$bn".cpp; \
+          done
+

build/mingw32.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   make copy          Copy the sources and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make del           Remove the sources and tests
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+# To install mingw32, follow instructions at:
+#   http://starship.python.net/crew/kernr/mingw32/Notes.html
+# In particular, install:
+#   ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/gcc-2.95.2/gcc-2.95.2-msvcrt.exe
+#   ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/gcc-2.95.2/fixes/quote-fix-msvcrt.exe
+#   http://starship.python.net/crew/kernr/mingw32/Python-1.5.2-mingw32.zip
+# Unpack the first two archives in the default locations and update your PATH.
+# Unpack the third archive in \usr.
+
+# Note: comprehensive.cpp generates compiler errors and later crashes.
+#   L:\boost\boost\python\detail\extension_class.hpp:643: warning:
+#   alignment of `vtable for class
+#   boost::python::detail::held_instance<bpl_test::Derived1>'
+#   is greater than maximum object file alignment. Using 16.
+# Could this be fixed with compiler options?
+# -fhuge-objects looks interesting, but requires recompiling the C++ library.
+#                (what exactly does that mean?)
+# -fvtable-thunks eliminates the compiler warning, but
+#                 "import boost_python_test" still causes a crash.
+
+ROOT=R:
+BOOST_WIN="$(ROOT)\boost"
+BOOST_UNIX=$(HOME)/boost
+
+PYEXE="C:\Program files\Python\python.exe"
+PYINC=-I"C:\usr\include\python1.5"
+PYLIB="C:\usr\lib\libpython15.a"
+#PYEXE="C:\Python21\python.exe"
+#PYINC=-I"C:\usr\include\python2.1"
+#PYLIB="C:\usr\lib\libpython21.a"
+
+STDOPTS=-ftemplate-depth-21
+WARNOPTS=
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=g++
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST_WIN) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+
+LD=g++
+LDOPTS=-shared
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     abstract.pyd \
+     getting_started1.pyd getting_started2.pyd \
+     simple_vector.pyd \
+     do_it_yourself_convts.pyd \
+     nested.pyd \
+     pickle1.pyd pickle2.pyd pickle3.pyd \
+     noncopyable_export.pyd noncopyable_import.pyd \
+     ivect.pyd dvect.pyd \
+     richcmp1.pyd richcmp2.pyd richcmp3.pyd
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	-del libboost_python.a
+	ar r libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+DLLWRAPOPTS=-s --driver-name g++ -s \
+            --entry _DllMainCRTStartup@12 --target=i386-mingw32
+
+boost_python_test.pyd: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname boost_python_test.pyd \
+          --def boost_python_test.def \
+          $(OBJ) comprehensive.o $(PYLIB)
+
+abstract.pyd: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname abstract.pyd \
+          --def abstract.def \
+          $(OBJ) abstract.o $(PYLIB)
+
+getting_started1.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname getting_started1.pyd \
+          --def getting_started1.def \
+          $(OBJ) getting_started1.o $(PYLIB)
+
+getting_started2.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname getting_started2.pyd \
+          --def getting_started2.def \
+          $(OBJ) getting_started2.o $(PYLIB)
+
+simple_vector.pyd: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname simple_vector.pyd \
+          --def simple_vector.def \
+          $(OBJ) simple_vector.o $(PYLIB)
+
+do_it_yourself_convts.pyd: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname do_it_yourself_convts.pyd \
+          --def do_it_yourself_convts.def \
+          $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o $(PYLIB)
+
+nested.pyd: $(OBJ) nested.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname nested.pyd \
+          --def nested.def \
+          $(OBJ) nested.o $(PYLIB)
+
+pickle1.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname pickle1.pyd \
+          --def pickle1.def \
+          $(OBJ) pickle1.o $(PYLIB)
+
+pickle2.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname pickle2.pyd \
+          --def pickle2.def \
+          $(OBJ) pickle2.o $(PYLIB)
+
+pickle3.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname pickle3.pyd \
+          --def pickle3.def \
+          $(OBJ) pickle3.o $(PYLIB)
+
+noncopyable_export.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname noncopyable_export.pyd \
+          --def noncopyable_export.def \
+          $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o $(PYLIB)
+
+noncopyable_import.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname noncopyable_import.pyd \
+          --def noncopyable_import.def \
+          $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o $(PYLIB)
+
+ivect.pyd: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname ivect.pyd \
+          --def ivect.def \
+          $(OBJ) ivect.o $(PYLIB)
+
+dvect.pyd: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname dvect.pyd \
+          --def dvect.def \
+          $(OBJ) dvect.o $(PYLIB)
+
+richcmp1.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname richcmp1.pyd \
+          --def richcmp1.def \
+          $(OBJ) richcmp1.o $(PYLIB)
+
+richcmp2.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname richcmp2.pyd \
+          --def richcmp2.def \
+          $(OBJ) richcmp2.o $(PYLIB)
+
+richcmp3.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	dllwrap $(DLLWRAPOPTS) \
+          --dllname richcmp3.pyd \
+          --def richcmp3.def \
+          $(OBJ) richcmp3.o $(PYLIB)
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+#	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_convts.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_nested.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	-del *.o
+	-del *.a
+	-del *.pyd
+	-del *.pyc
+
+softlinks:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) unlink
+
+cp:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) cp
+
+rm:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) rm
+
+copy:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) copy
+
+del:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) del

build/rwgk1/rwgk1.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="rwgk1" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "rwgk1.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "rwgk1.mak" CFG="rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "rwgk1 - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "rwgk1 - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "rwgk1 - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386 /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "rwgk1 - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "rwgk1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "rwgk1___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "RWGK1_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/rwgk1_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"C:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "rwgk1 - Win32 Release"
+# Name "rwgk1 - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "rwgk1 - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\example\rwgk1.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/test/test.dsp

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Project File - Name="test" - Package Owner=<4>
+# Microsoft Developer Studio Generated Build File, Format Version 6.00
+# ** DO NOT EDIT **
+
+# TARGTYPE "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library" 0x0102
+
+CFG=test - Win32 DebugPython
+!MESSAGE This is not a valid makefile. To build this project using NMAKE,
+!MESSAGE use the Export Makefile command and run
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "test.mak".
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE You can specify a configuration when running NMAKE
+!MESSAGE by defining the macro CFG on the command line. For example:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE NMAKE /f "test.mak" CFG="test - Win32 DebugPython"
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE Possible choices for configuration are:
+!MESSAGE 
+!MESSAGE "test - Win32 Release" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "test - Win32 Debug" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE "test - Win32 DebugPython" (based on "Win32 (x86) Dynamic-Link Library")
+!MESSAGE 
+
+# Begin Project
+# PROP AllowPerConfigDependencies 0
+# PROP Scc_ProjName ""
+# PROP Scc_LocalPath ""
+CPP=cl.exe
+MTL=midl.exe
+RSC=rc.exe
+
+!IF  "$(CFG)" == "test - Win32 Release"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 0
+# PROP Output_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Release"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MT /W3 /GX /O2 /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MD /W3 /GR /GX /O2 /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /Zm200 /c
+# SUBTRACT CPP /Fr
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "NDEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "NDEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /machine:I386 /out:"Release/boost_python_test.dll" /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "test - Win32 Debug"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "Debug"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MTd /W3 /Gm /GX /ZI /Od /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /Zm200 /c
+# SUBTRACT CPP /Fr
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"Debug/boost_python_test.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# SUBTRACT LINK32 /pdb:none
+
+!ELSEIF  "$(CFG)" == "test - Win32 DebugPython"
+
+# PROP BASE Use_MFC 0
+# PROP BASE Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP BASE Output_Dir "test___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Intermediate_Dir "test___Win32_DebugPython"
+# PROP BASE Ignore_Export_Lib 0
+# PROP BASE Target_Dir ""
+# PROP Use_MFC 0
+# PROP Use_Debug_Libraries 1
+# PROP Output_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Intermediate_Dir "DebugPython"
+# PROP Ignore_Export_Lib 1
+# PROP Target_Dir ""
+# ADD BASE CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /YX /FD /GZ /Zm200 /c
+# ADD CPP /nologo /MDd /W3 /Gm- /GR /GX /Zi /Od /I "..\..\..\.." /I "c:\tools\python\include" /D "WIN32" /D "_DEBUG" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "TEST_EXPORTS" /D "BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON" /YX /FD /GZ /Zm200 /EHs /c
+# ADD BASE MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD MTL /nologo /D "_DEBUG" /mktyplib203 /win32
+# ADD BASE RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+# ADD RSC /l 0x409 /d "_DEBUG"
+BSC32=bscmake.exe
+# ADD BASE BSC32 /nologo
+# ADD BSC32 /nologo
+LINK32=link.exe
+# ADD BASE LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\libs"
+# SUBTRACT BASE LINK32 /pdb:none
+# ADD LINK32 kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /debug /machine:I386 /out:"DebugPython/boost_python_test_d.dll" /pdbtype:sept /libpath:"c:\tools\python\src\PCbuild"
+# SUBTRACT LINK32 /pdb:none
+
+!ENDIF 
+
+# Begin Target
+
+# Name "test - Win32 Release"
+# Name "test - Win32 Debug"
+# Name "test - Win32 DebugPython"
+# Begin Group "Source Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\test\comprehensive.cpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Header Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl"
+# Begin Source File
+
+SOURCE=..\..\test\comprehensive.hpp
+# End Source File
+# End Group
+# Begin Group "Resource Files"
+
+# PROP Default_Filter "ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe"
+# End Group
+# End Target
+# End Project

build/tru64_cxx.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   Create a new empty directory anywhere (preferably not in the boost tree).
+#   Copy this Makefile to that new directory and rename it to "Makefile"
+#   Adjust the pathnames below.
+#
+#   make softlinks     Create softlinks to source code and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make unlink        Remove softlinks
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=$(HOME)
+BOOST=$(ROOT)/boost
+
+PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/local/Python-1.5.2/bin/python
+PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-1.5.2/include/python1.5
+#PYEXE=PYTHONPATH=. /usr/local/Python-2.1/bin/python
+#PYINC=-I/usr/local/Python-2.1/include/python2.1
+#STLPORTINC=-I/usr/local/STLport-4.1b3/stlport
+#STLPORTINC=-I/usr/local/STLport-4.1b4/stlport
+#STLPORTOPTS= \
+# -D__USE_STD_IOSTREAM \
+# -D__STL_NO_SGI_IOSTREAMS \
+# -D__STL_USE_NATIVE_STRING \
+# -D__STL_NO_NEW_C_HEADERS \
+# -D_RWSTD_COMPILE_INSTANTIATE=1
+STLPORTINC=-I$(BOOST)/boost/compatibility/cpp_c_headers
+
+STDOPTS=-std strict_ansi
+# use -msg_display_number to obtain integer tags for -msg_disable
+WARNOPTS=-msg_disable 186,450,1115
+OPTOPTS=-g
+
+CPP=cxx
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOST) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+MAKEDEP=-Em
+
+LD=cxx
+LDOPTS=-shared -expect_unresolved 'Py*' -expect_unresolved '_Py*'
+
+#HIDDEN=-hidden
+
+OBJ=classes.o conversions.o extension_class.o functions.o \
+    init_function.o module_builder.o \
+    objects.o types.o cross_module.o
+DEPOBJ=$(OBJ) \
+       comprehensive.o \
+       abstract.o \
+       getting_started1.o getting_started2.o \
+       simple_vector.o \
+       do_it_yourself_convts.o \
+       nested.o \
+       pickle1.o pickle2.o pickle3.o \
+       noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_import.o \
+       ivect.o dvect.o \
+       richcmp1.o richcmp2.o richcmp3.o
+
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+
+all: libboost_python.a \
+     boost_python_test.so \
+     abstract.so \
+     getting_started1.so getting_started2.so \
+     simple_vector.so \
+     do_it_yourself_convts.so \
+     nested.so \
+     pickle1.so pickle2.so pickle3.so \
+     noncopyable_export.so noncopyable_import.so \
+     ivect.so dvect.so \
+     richcmp1.so richcmp2.so richcmp3.so
+
+libboost_python.a: $(OBJ)
+	rm -f libboost_python.a
+	cd cxx_repository; \
+          ls -1 > ../libboost_python.a.input; \
+          ar r ../libboost_python.a -input ../libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f libboost_python.a.input
+	ar r libboost_python.a $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.so: $(OBJ) comprehensive.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.o -o boost_python_test.so -lm
+
+abstract.so: $(OBJ) abstract.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.o -o abstract.so
+
+getting_started1.so: $(OBJ) getting_started1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.o -o getting_started1.so
+
+getting_started2.so: $(OBJ) getting_started2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.o -o getting_started2.so
+
+simple_vector.so: $(OBJ) simple_vector.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.o -o simple_vector.so
+
+do_it_yourself_convts.so: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.o -o do_it_yourself_convts.so
+
+nested.so: $(OBJ) nested.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) nested.o -o nested.so
+
+pickle1.so: $(OBJ) pickle1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.o -o pickle1.so
+
+pickle2.so: $(OBJ) pickle2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.o -o pickle2.so
+
+pickle3.so: $(OBJ) pickle3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.o -o pickle3.so
+
+noncopyable_export.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_export.o -o noncopyable_export.so
+
+noncopyable_import.so: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) \
+          noncopyable_import.o -o noncopyable_import.so
+
+ivect.so: $(OBJ) ivect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) ivect.o -o ivect.so
+
+dvect.so: $(OBJ) dvect.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) $(HIDDEN) dvect.o -o dvect.so
+
+richcmp1.so: $(OBJ) richcmp1.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.o -o richcmp1.so
+
+richcmp2.so: $(OBJ) richcmp2.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.o -o richcmp2.so
+
+richcmp3.so: $(OBJ) richcmp3.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.o -o richcmp3.so
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) -c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_convts.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_nested.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJ) libboost_python.a libboost_python.a.input
+	rm -f comprehensive.o boost_python_test.so
+	rm -f abstract.o abstract.so
+	rm -f getting_started1.o getting_started1.so
+	rm -f getting_started2.o getting_started2.so
+	rm -f simple_vector.o simple_vector.so
+	rm -f do_it_yourself_convts.o do_it_yourself_convts.so
+	rm -f nested.o nested.so
+	rm -f pickle1.o pickle1.so
+	rm -f pickle2.o pickle2.so
+	rm -f pickle3.o pickle3.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_export.o noncopyable_export.so
+	rm -f noncopyable_import.o noncopyable_import.so
+	rm -f ivect.o ivect.so
+	rm -f dvect.o dvect.so
+	rm -f richcmp1.o richcmp1.so
+	rm -f richcmp2.o richcmp2.so
+	rm -f richcmp3.o richcmp3.so
+	rm -f so_locations *.pyc
+	rm -rf cxx_repository
+
+softlinks:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) unlink
+
+cp:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) cp
+
+rm:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST) rm
+
+depend:
+	@ cat Makefile.nodepend; \
+          for obj in $(DEPOBJ); \
+          do \
+            bn=`echo "$$obj" | cut -d. -f1`; \
+            $(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) $(MAKEDEP) "$$bn".cpp; \
+          done
+

build/vc60.mak

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# Usage:
+#
+#   make copy          Copy the sources and tests
+#   make               Compile all sources
+#   make test          Run doctest tests
+#   make clean         Remove all object files
+#   make del           Remove the sources and tests
+#
+# Revision history:
+#   12 Apr 01 new macro ROOT to simplify configuration (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+#   Initial version: R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+ROOT=R:
+BOOST_WIN="$(ROOT)\boost"
+BOOST_UNIX=$(HOME)/boost
+
+PYEXE="C:\Program files\Python\python.exe"
+PYINC=/I"C:\Program files\Python\include"
+PYLIB="C:\Program files\Python\libs\python15.lib"
+#PYEXE="C:\Python21\python.exe"
+#PYINC=/I"C:\Python21\include"
+#PYLIB="C:\Python21\libs\python21.lib"
+
+STDOPTS=/nologo /MD /GR /GX /Zm200
+WARNOPTS=
+OPTOPTS=
+
+CPP=cl.exe
+CPPOPTS=$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) /I$(BOOST_WIN) $(PYINC) \
+        $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS) $(OPTOPTS)
+
+LD=link.exe
+LDOPTS=/nologo /dll /incremental:no
+
+OBJ=classes.obj conversions.obj extension_class.obj functions.obj \
+    init_function.obj module_builder.obj \
+    objects.obj types.obj cross_module.obj
+
+.SUFFIXES: .obj .cpp
+
+all: boost_python.lib \
+     boost_python_test.pyd \
+     abstract.pyd \
+     getting_started1.pyd getting_started2.pyd \
+     simple_vector.pyd \
+     do_it_yourself_convts.pyd \
+     nested.pyd \
+     pickle1.pyd pickle2.pyd pickle3.pyd \
+     noncopyable_export.pyd noncopyable_import.pyd \
+     ivect.pyd dvect.pyd \
+     richcmp1.pyd richcmp2.pyd richcmp3.pyd
+
+boost_python.lib: $(OBJ)
+	$(LD) -lib /nologo /out:boost_python.lib $(OBJ)
+
+boost_python_test.pyd: $(OBJ) comprehensive.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) comprehensive.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initboost_python_test /out:"boost_python_test.pyd"
+
+abstract.pyd: $(OBJ) abstract.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) abstract.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initabstract /out:"abstract.pyd"
+
+getting_started1.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started1.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started1.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initgetting_started1 /out:"getting_started1.pyd"
+
+getting_started2.pyd: $(OBJ) getting_started2.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) getting_started2.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initgetting_started2 /out:"getting_started2.pyd"
+
+simple_vector.pyd: $(OBJ) simple_vector.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) simple_vector.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initsimple_vector /out:"simple_vector.pyd"
+
+do_it_yourself_convts.pyd: $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) do_it_yourself_convts.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initdo_it_yourself_convts /out:"do_it_yourself_convts.pyd"
+
+nested.pyd: $(OBJ) nested.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) nested.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initnested /out:"nested.pyd"
+
+pickle1.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle1.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle1.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initpickle1 /out:"pickle1.pyd"
+
+pickle2.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle2.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle2.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initpickle2 /out:"pickle2.pyd"
+
+pickle3.pyd: $(OBJ) pickle3.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) pickle3.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initpickle3 /out:"pickle3.pyd"
+
+noncopyable_export.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) noncopyable_export.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initnoncopyable_export /out:"noncopyable_export.pyd"
+
+noncopyable_import.pyd: $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) noncopyable_import.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initnoncopyable_import /out:"noncopyable_import.pyd"
+
+ivect.pyd: $(OBJ) ivect.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) ivect.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initivect /out:"ivect.pyd"
+
+dvect.pyd: $(OBJ) dvect.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) dvect.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initdvect /out:"dvect.pyd"
+
+richcmp1.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp1.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp1.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initrichcmp1 /out:"richcmp1.pyd"
+
+richcmp2.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp2.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp2.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initrichcmp2 /out:"richcmp2.pyd"
+
+richcmp3.pyd: $(OBJ) richcmp3.obj
+	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) richcmp3.obj $(PYLIB) /export:initrichcmp3 /out:"richcmp3.pyd"
+
+.cpp.obj:
+	$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) /c $*.cpp
+
+test:
+	$(PYEXE) comprehensive.py --broken-auto-ptr 
+	$(PYEXE) test_abstract.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_getting_started2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_simple_vector.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_do_it_yourself_convts.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_nested.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_pickle3.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_cross_module.py --broken-auto-ptr
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp1.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp2.py
+	$(PYEXE) test_richcmp3.py
+
+clean:
+	-del *.obj
+	-del *.lib
+	-del *.exp
+	-del *.idb
+	-del *.pyd
+	-del *.pyc
+
+softlinks:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) softlinks
+
+unlink:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) unlink
+
+cp:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) cp
+
+rm:
+	python $(BOOST_UNIX)/libs/python/build/filemgr.py $(BOOST_UNIX) rm
+
+copy:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) copy
+
+del:
+	$(PYEXE) $(BOOST_WIN)\libs\python\build\filemgr.py $(BOOST_WIN) del

doc/building.html

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+
+    <title>Building an Extension Module</title>
+
+    <div>
+      <h1><img width="277" height="86" align="center" src=
+      "../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Building an
+      Extension Module</h1>
+
+      <p>The build process for Boost is currently undergoing some evolution,
+      and, it is to be hoped, improvement. The following facts may help:
+
+      <hr>
+      Makefiles for various platforms and a Visual Studio project
+      reside in the Boost subdirectory <tt>libs/python/build</tt>.
+      Build targets include:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>The <tt>boost_python</tt> library for static linking with your
+        extension module. On the various Unices, this library will be
+        called <tt>libboost_python.a</tt>. When using Visual C++, the
+        library will be called <tt>boost_python.lib</tt>.
+
+        <p>
+        <li>A comprehensive test of Boost.Python features. This test builds
+        a Boost.Python extension module, then runs Python to import the
+        module, and runs a series of tests on it using <tt><a href=
+        "../test/doctest.py">doctest</a></tt>. Source code for the module
+        and tests is available in the Boost subdirectory
+        <tt>libs/python/test</tt>.
+
+        <p>
+        <li>Various examples from the Boost subdirectory
+        <tt>libs/python/example</tt>.
+        All these examples include a doctest modeled
+        on the comprehensive test above.
+
+      </ul>
+
+      <hr>
+      There is a group of makefiles with support for simultaneous
+      compilation on multiple platforms and a consistent set of
+      features that build the <tt>boost_python</tt> library for static
+      linking, the comprehensive test, and all examples in
+      <tt>libs/python/example</tt>:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="../build/vc60.mak">vc60.mak</a>:
+        Visual C++ 6.0 Service Pack 4
+
+        <li><a href="../build/mingw32.mak">mingw32.mak</a>:
+        mingw32 (Win32-targeted) gcc 2.95.2
+
+        <li><a href="../build/linux_gcc.mak">linux_gcc.mak</a>:
+        gcc 2.95.2 on Linux/Unix
+
+        <li><a href="../build/tru64_cxx.mak">tru64_cxx.mak</a>:
+        Compaq Alpha using the Compaq cxx compiler
+
+        <li><a href="../build/irix_CC.mak">irix_CC.mak</a>:
+        Silicon Graphics IRIX 6.5 CC compiler
+
+      </ul>
+      <a href="http://cctbx.sourceforge.net/page_installation_adv.html#installation_boost_python"
+      >Usage of these makefiles is described here.</a>
+
+      <hr>
+      There is another group of makefiles for GNU make.
+      These makefiles are less redundant than the makefiles
+      in the group above,
+      but the list of compilation targets is not as complete
+      and there is no support for simultaneous compilation
+      on multiple platforms.
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="../build/como.mak">como.mak</a>:
+        Comeau C++ on Linux
+
+        <li><a href="../build/gcc.mak">gcc.mak</a>:
+        GCC on Linux/Unix.
+
+      </ul>
+
+      <hr>
+      A project workspace for Microsoft Visual Studio is provided at <tt><a
+      href="../build/build.dsw">libs/python/build/build.dsw</a></tt>. The
+      include paths for this project may need to be changed for your
+      installation. They currently assume that python has been installed at
+      <tt>c:\tools\python</tt>. Three configurations of all targets are
+      supported:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>Release (optimization, <tt>-DNDEBUG</tt>)
+
+        <li>Debug (no optimization <tt>-D_DEBUG</tt>)
+
+        <li>DebugPython (no optimization, <tt>-D_DEBUG
+        -DBOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt>)
+      </ul>
+
+      <p>When extension modules are built with Visual C++ using
+      <tt>-D_DEBUG</tt>, Python defaults to <i>force</i> linking with a
+      special debugging version of the Python DLL. Since this debug DLL
+      isn't supplied with the default Python installation for Windows,
+      Boost.Python uses <tt><a href=
+      "../../../boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp">boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp</a></tt>
+      to temporarily undefine <tt>_DEBUG</tt> when <tt>Python.h</tt> is
+      <tt>#include</tt>d.
+
+      <p>If you want the extra runtime checks available with the debugging
+      version of the library, <tt>#define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt> to
+      re-enable library forcing, and link with the DebugPython version of
+      <tt>boost_python.lib</tt>. You'll need to get the debugging version
+      of the Python executable (<tt>python_d.exe</tt>) and DLL
+      (<tt>python20_d.dll</tt> or <tt>python15_d.dll</tt>). The Python
+      sources include project files for building these. If you <a href=
+      "http://www.python.org">download</a> them, change the name of the
+      top-level directory to <tt>src</tt>, and install it under
+      <tt>c:\tools\python</tt>, the workspace supplied by Boost.Python will
+      be able to use it without modification. Just open
+      <tt>c:\tools\python\src\pcbuild\pcbuild.dsw</tt> and invoke "build
+      all" to generate all the debugging targets.
+
+      <p>If you do not <tt>#define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</tt>, be sure that
+      any source files <tt>#include &lt;<a href=
+          "../../../boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp">boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp</a>&gt;</tt>
+      instead of the usual <tt>Python.h</tt>, or you will have link
+      incompatibilities.<br>
+
+      <hr>
+      If your platform isn't directly supported, you can build a static
+      library from the following source files (in the Boost subdirectory
+      <tt>libs/python/src</tt>), or compile them directly and link the
+      resulting objects into your extension module:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/classes.cpp">classes.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/conversions.cpp">conversions.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/cross_module.cpp">cross_module.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/extension_class.cpp">extension_class.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/functions.cpp">functions.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/init_function.cpp">init_function.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/module_builder.cpp">module_builder.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/objects.cpp">objects.cpp</a>
+
+        <li><a href=
+        "../../../libs/python/src/types.cpp">types.cpp</a>
+      </ul>
+
+      <hr>
+      Next: <a href="enums.html">Wrapping Enums</a> Previous: <a href=
+      "under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a> Up: <a href=
+      "index.html">Top</a>
+
+      <hr>
+      <p>&copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
+      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+      any purpose.
+
+      <p>Updated: Apr 17, 2001 (R.W. Grosse-Kunstleve)
+    </div>

doc/comparisons.html

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      Comparisons with Other Systems
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
+        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"><br>
+        Comparisons with
+        Other Systems
+      </h1>
+      
+      <h2>CXX</h2>
+      <p>
+        Like Boost.Python, <a href="http://cxx.sourceforge.net/">CXX</a> attempts to
+        provide a C++-oriented interface to Python. In most cases, as with the
+        boost library, it relieves the user from worrying about
+        reference-counts. Both libraries automatically convert thrown C++
+        exceptions into Python exceptions. As far as I can tell, CXX has no
+        support for subclassing C++ extension types in Python. An even
+        more significant difference is that a user's C++ code is still basically
+        ``dealing with Python objects'', though they are wrapped in
+        C++ classes. This means such jobs as argument parsing and conversion are
+        still left to be done explicitly by the user.
+
+     <p>
+        CXX claims to interoperate well with the C++ Standard Library
+        (a.k.a. STL) by providing iterators into Python Lists and Dictionaries,
+        but the claim is unfortunately unsupportable. The problem is that in
+        general, access to Python sequence and mapping elements through
+        iterators requires the use of proxy objects as the return value of
+        iterator dereference operations. This usage conflicts with the basic
+        ForwardIterator requirements in <a
+        href="http://anubis.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc22/open/n2356/lib-iterators.html#lib.forward.iterators">
+        section 24.1.3 of the standard</a> (dereferencing must produce a
+        reference). Although you may be able to use these iterators with some
+        operations in some standard library implementations, it is neither
+        guaranteed to work nor portable.
+
+      <p>
+        As far as I can tell, CXX enables one to write what is essentially
+        idiomatic Python code in C++, manipulating Python objects through the
+        same fully-generic interfaces we use in Python. While you're hardly
+        programming directly to the ``bare metal'' with CXX, it basically
+        presents a ``C++-ized'' version of the Python 'C' API. Some fraction of
+        that capability is available in Boost.Python through <tt><a
+        href="../../../boost/python/objects.hpp">boost/python/objects.hpp</a></tt>,
+        which provides C++ objects corresponding to Python lists, tuples,
+        strings, and dictionaries, and through <tt><a
+        href="../../../boost/python/callback.hpp">boost/python/callback.hpp</a></tt>,
+        which allows you to call back into python with C++ arguments.
+
+      <p>
+        <a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul F. Dubois</a>, the original
+        author of CXX, has told me that what I've described is only half of the
+        picture with CXX, but I never understood his explanation well-enough to
+        fill in the other half. Here is his response to the commentary above:
+
+<blockquote>
+``My intention with CXX was not to do what you are doing. It was to enable a
+person to write an extension directly in C++ rather than C. I figured others had
+the wrapping business covered. I thought maybe CXX would provide an easier
+target language for those making wrappers, but I never explored
+that.''<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
+</blockquote>
+
+      <h2>SWIG</h2>
+      <p>
+        <a href= "http://www.swig.org/">SWIG</a> is an impressively mature tool
+        for exporting an existing ANSI 'C' interface into various scripting
+        languages. Swig relies on a parser to read your source code and produce
+        additional source code files which can be compiled into a Python (or
+        Perl or Tcl) extension module. It has been successfully used to create
+        many Python extension modules. Like Boost.Python, SWIG is trying to allow an
+        existing interface to be wrapped with little or no change to the
+        existing code. The documentation says ``SWIG parses a form of ANSI C
+        syntax that has been extended with a number of special directives. As a
+        result, interfaces are usually built by grabbing a header file and
+        tweaking it a little bit.'' For C++ interfaces, the tweaking has often
+        proven to amount to more than just a little bit. One user
+        writes:
+
+        <blockquote> ``The problem with swig (when I used it) is that it
+        couldnt handle templates, didnt do func overloading properly etc.  For
+        ANSI C libraries this was fine.  But for usual C++ code this was a
+        problem.  Simple things work.  But for anything very complicated (or
+        realistic), one had to write code by hand.  I believe Boost.Python doesn't have
+        this problem[<a href="#sic">sic</a>]...  IMHO overloaded functions are very important to
+        wrap correctly.''<br><i>-Prabhu Ramachandran</i>
+        </blockquote>
+        
+      <p>
+        By contrast, Boost.Python doesn't attempt to parse C++ - the problem is simply
+        too complex to do correctly. <a name="sic">Technically</a>, one does
+        write code by hand to use Boost.Python. The goal, however, has been to make
+        that code nearly as simple as listing the names of the classes and
+        member functions you want to expose in Python.
+
+      <h2>SIP</h2> 
+      <p>
+        <a
+        href="http://www.thekompany.com/projects/pykde/background.php3?dhtml_ok=1">SIP</a>
+        is a system similar to SWIG, though seemingly more
+        C++-oriented. The author says that like Boost.Python, SIP supports overriding
+        extension class member functions in Python subclasses. It appears to
+        have been designed specifically to directly support some features of
+        PyQt/PyKDE, which is its primary client. Documentation is almost
+        entirely missing at the time of this writing, so a detailed comparison
+        is difficult.
+
+      <h2>ILU</h2>
+      <p>
+        <a
+        href="ftp://ftp.parc.xerox.com/pub/ilu/ilu.html">ILU</a>
+        is a very ambitious project which tries to describe a module's interface
+        (types and functions) in terms of an <a
+        href="ftp://ftp.parc.xerox.com/pub/ilu/2.0b1/manual-html/manual_2.html">Interface
+        Specification Language</a> (ISL) so that it can be uniformly interfaced
+        to a wide range of computer languages, including Common Lisp, C++, C,
+        Modula-3, and Python. ILU can parse the ISL to generate a C++ language
+        header file describing the interface, of which the user is expected to
+        provide an implementation. Unlike Boost.Python, this means that the system
+        imposes implementation details on your C++ code at the deepest level. It
+        is worth noting that some of the C++ names generated by ILU are supposed
+        to be reserved to the C++ implementation. It is unclear from the
+        documentation whether ILU supports overriding C++ virtual functions in Python.
+        
+      <h2>GRAD</h2>
+      <p>
+      <a
+      href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1996-11/papers/GRAD/html/GRADcover.html">GRAD</a>
+      is another very ambitious project aimed at generating Python wrappers for
+      interfaces written in ``legacy languages'', among which C++ is the first one
+      implemented. Like SWIG, it aims to parse source code and automatically
+      generate wrappers, though it appears to take a more sophisticated approach
+      to parsing in general and C++ in particular, so it should do a much better
+      job with C++. It appears to support function overloading. The
+      documentation is missing a lot of information I'd like to see, so it is
+      difficult to give an accurate and fair assessment. I am left with the
+      following questions:
+<ul>
+<li>Does it support overriding of virtual functions?
+<li>What about overriding private or protected virtual functions (the documentation indicates
+that only public interfaces are supported)?
+<li>Which C++ language constructs are supportd?
+<li>Does it support implicit conversions between wrapped C++ classes that have
+an inheritance relationship?
+<li>Does it support smart pointers?
+</ul>
+      <p>
+        Anyone in the possession of the answers to these questions will earn my
+        gratitude for a write-up <code>;-)</code>
+
+      <h2>Zope ExtensionClasses</h2>
+      <p>
+         <a href="http:http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass">
+        ExtensionClasses in Zope</a> use the same underlying mechanism as Boost.Python
+        to support subclassing of extension types in Python, including
+        multiple-inheritance. Both systems support pickling/unpickling of
+        extension class instances in very similar ways. Both systems rely on the
+        same ``<a
+        href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1994-11/BuiltInClasses/Welcome.html">Don
+        Beaudry Hack</a>'' that also inspired Don's MESS System.
+      <p>
+        The major differences are:
+      <ul>
+        <li>Zope is entirely 'C' language-based. It doesn't require a C++
+        compiler, so it's much more portable than Boost.Python, which stresses
+        the limits of even some modern C++ implementations.
+
+        <li>
+          Boost.Python lifts the burden on the user to parse and convert function
+          argument types. Zope provides no such facility.
+        <li>
+          Boost.Python lifts the burden on the user to maintain Python
+          reference-counts.
+        <li>
+          Boost.Python supports function overloading; Zope does not.
+        <li>
+          Boost.Python supplies a simple mechanism for exposing read-only and
+          read/write access to data members of the wrapped C++ type as Python
+          attributes.
+        <li>
+          Writing a Zope ExtensionClass is significantly more complex than
+          exposing a C++ class to python using Boost.Python (mostly a summary of the
+          previous 4 items). <a href= 
+          "http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass/MultiMapping.html">A
+          Zope Example</a> illustrates the differences.
+        <li>
+          Zope's ExtensionClasses are specifically motivated by ``the need for a
+          C-based persistence mechanism''. Boost.Python's are motivated by the desire
+          to simply reflect a C++ API into Python with as little modification as
+          possible.
+        <li>
+          The following Zope restriction does not apply to Boost.Python: ``At most one
+          base extension direct or indirect super class may define C data
+          members. If an extension subclass inherits from multiple base
+          extension classes, then all but one must be mix-in classes that
+          provide extension methods but no data.''
+        <li>
+          Zope requires use of the somewhat funky inheritedAttribute (search for
+          ``inheritedAttribute'' on <a
+          href="http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass">this page</a>)
+          method to access base class methods. In Boost.Python, base class methods can
+          be accessed in the usual way by writing
+          ``<code>BaseClass.method</code>''.
+        <li>
+          Zope supplies some creative but esoteric idioms such as <a href= 
+          "http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass/Acquisition.html">
+          Acquisition</a>. No specific support for this is built into Boost.Python.
+        <li>
+          Zope's ComputedAttribute support is designed to be used from Python.
+          <a href="special.html#getter_setter">The analogous feature of
+          Boost.Python</a> can be used from C++ or Python. The feature is arguably
+          easier to use in Boost.Python.
+      </ul>
+      <p>
+        Next: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using Boost.Python</a>
+        Previous: <a href="extending.html">A Brief Introduction to writing Python Extension Modules</a>
+        Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
+        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
+        for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
+    </div>
+

doc/cross_module.html

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+
+<title>Cross-extension-module dependencies</title>
+
+<div>
+
+<img src="../../../c++boost.gif"
+     alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+     align="center"
+     width="277" height="86">
+
+<hr>
+<h1>Cross-extension-module dependencies</h1>
+
+It is good programming practice to organize large projects as modules
+that interact with each other via well defined interfaces. With
+Boost.Python it is possible to reflect this organization at the C++
+level at the Python level. This is, each logical C++ module can be
+organized as a separate Python extension module.
+
+<p>
+At first sight this might seem natural and straightforward. However, it
+is a fairly complex problem to establish cross-extension-module
+dependencies while maintaining the same ease of use Boost.Python
+provides for classes that are wrapped in the same extension module. To
+a large extent this complexity can be hidden from the author of a
+Boost.Python extension module, but not entirely.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>The recipe</h2>
+
+Suppose there is an extension module that exposes certain instances of
+the C++ <tt>std::vector</tt> template library such that it can be used
+from Python in the following manner:
+
+<pre>
+import std_vector
+v = std_vector.double([1, 2, 3, 4])
+v.push_back(5)
+v.size()
+</pre>
+
+Suppose the <tt>std_vector</tt> module is done well and reflects all
+C++ functions that are useful at the Python level, for all C++ built-in
+data types (<tt>std_vector.int</tt>, <tt>std_vector.long</tt>, etc.).
+
+<p>
+Suppose further that there is statistic module with a C++ class that
+has constructors or member functions that use or return a
+<tt>std::vector</tt>.  For example:
+
+<pre>
+class xy {
+  public:
+    xy(const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; x, const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; y) : m_x(x), m_y(y) {}
+    const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; x() const { return m_x; }
+    const std::vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; y() const { return m_y; }
+    double correlation();
+  private:
+    std::vector&lt;double&gt; m_x;
+    std::vector&lt;double&gt; m_y;
+}
+</pre>
+
+What is more natural than reusing the <tt>std_vector</tt> extension
+module to expose these constructors or functions to Python?
+
+<p>
+Unfortunately, what seems natural needs a little work in both the
+<tt>std_vector</tt> and the <tt>statistics</tt> module.
+
+<p>
+In the <tt>std_vector</tt> extension module,
+<tt>std::vector&lt;double&gt;</tt> is exposed to Python in the usual
+way with the <tt>class_builder&lt;&gt;</tt> template.  To also enable the
+automatic conversion of <tt>std::vector&lt;double&gt;</tt> function
+arguments or return values in other Boost.Python C++ modules, the
+converters that convert a <tt>std::vector&lt;double&gt;</tt> C++ object
+to a Python object and vice versa (i.e. the <tt>to_python()</tt> and
+<tt>from_python()</tt> template functions) have to be exported. For
+example:
+
+<pre>
+  #include &lt;boost/python/cross_module.hpp&gt;
+  //...
+  class_builder&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; v_double(std_vector_module, &quot;double&quot;);
+  export_converters(v_double);
+</pre>
+
+In the extension module that wraps <tt>class xy</tt> we can now import
+these converters with the <tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> template.
+For example:
+
+<pre>
+  #include &lt;boost/python/cross_module.hpp&gt;
+  //...
+  import_converters&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; v_double_converters(&quot;std_vector&quot;, &quot;double&quot;);
+</pre>
+
+That is all. All the attributes that are defined for
+<tt>std_vector.double</tt> in the <tt>std_vector</tt> Boost.Python
+module will be available for the returned objects of <tt>xy.x()</tt>
+and <tt>xy.y()</tt>.  Similarly, the constructor for <tt>xy</tt> will
+accept objects that were created by the <tt>std_vector</tt>module.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Placement of <tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> template instantiations</h2>
+
+<tt>import_converts&lt;&gt;</tt> can be viewed as a drop-in replacement
+for <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt>, and the recommendations for the
+placement of <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt> template instantiations
+also apply to to <tt>import_converts&lt;&gt;</tt>. In particular, it is
+important that an instantiation of <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt> is
+visible to any code which wraps a C++ function with a <tt>T</tt>,
+<tt>T*</tt>, const <tt>T&amp;</tt>, etc. parameter or return value.
+Therefore you may want to group all <tt>class_wrapper&lt;&gt;</tt> and
+<tt>import_converts&lt;&gt;</tt> instantiations at the top of your
+module's init function, then <tt>def()</tt> the member functions later
+to avoid problems with inter-class dependencies.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Non-copyable types</h2>
+
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> instantiates C++ template functions that
+invoke the copy constructor of the wrapped type. For a type that is
+non-copyable this will result in compile-time error messages. In such a
+case, <tt>export_converters_noncopyable()</tt> can be used to export
+the converters that do not involve the copy constructor of the wrapped
+type.  For example:
+
+<pre>
+class_builder&lt;store&gt; py_store(your_module, &quot;store&quot;);
+export_converters_noncopyable(py_store);
+</pre>
+
+The corresponding <tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> statement does not
+need any special attention:
+
+<pre>
+import_converters&lt;store&gt; py_store(&quot;noncopyable_export&quot;, &quot;store&quot;);
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Python module search path</h2>
+
+The <tt>std_vector</tt> and <tt>statistics</tt> modules can now be used
+in the following way:
+
+<pre>
+import std_vector
+import statistics
+x = std_vector.double([1, 2, 3, 4])
+y = std_vector.double([2, 4, 6, 8])
+xy = statistics.xy(x, y)
+xy.correlation()
+</pre>
+
+In this example it is clear that Python has to be able to find both the
+<tt>std_vector</tt> and the <tt>statistics</tt> extension module. In
+other words, both extension modules need to be in the Python module
+search path (<tt>sys.path</tt>).
+
+<p>
+The situation is not always this obvious. Suppose the
+<tt>statistics</tt> module has a <tt>random()</tt> function that
+returns a vector of random numbers with a given length:
+
+<pre>
+import statistics
+x = statistics.random(5)
+y = statistics.random(5)
+xy = statistics.xy(x, y)
+xy.correlation()
+</pre>
+
+A naive user will not easily anticipate that the <tt>std_vector</tt>
+module is used to pass the <tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt> vectors around. If
+the <tt>std_vector</tt> module is in the Python module search path,
+this form of ignorance is of no harm.  On the contrary, we are glad
+that we do not have to bother the user with details like this.
+
+<p>
+If the <tt>std_vector</tt> module is not in the Python module search
+path, a Python exception will be raised:
+
+<pre>
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File &quot;foo.py&quot;, line 2, in ?
+    x = statistics.random(5)
+ImportError: No module named std_vector
+</pre>
+
+As is the case with any system of a non-trivial complexity, it is
+important that the setup is consistent and complete.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Two-way module dependencies</h2>
+
+Boost.Python supports two-way module dependencies. This is best
+illustrated by a simple example.
+
+<p>
+Suppose there is a module <tt>ivect</tt> that implements vectors of
+integers, and a similar module <tt>dvect</tt> that implements vectors
+of doubles. We want to be able do convert an integer vector to a double
+vector and vice versa. For example:
+
+<pre>
+import ivect
+iv = ivect.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+dv = iv.as_dvect()
+</pre>
+
+The last expression will implicitly import the <tt>dvect</tt> module in
+order to enable the conversion of the C++ representation of
+<tt>dvect</tt> to a Python object. The analogous is possible for a
+<tt>dvect</tt>:
+
+<pre>
+import dvect
+dv = dvect.dvect((1,2,3,4,5))
+iv = dv.as_ivect()
+</pre>
+
+Now the <tt>ivect</tt> module is imported implicitly.
+
+<p>
+Note that the two-way dependencies are possible because the
+dependencies are resolved only when needed. This is, the initialization
+of the <tt>ivect</tt> module does not rely on the <tt>dvect</tt>
+module, and vice versa.  Only if <tt>as_dvect()</tt> or
+<tt>as_ivect()</tt> is actually invoked will the corresponding module
+be implicitly imported. This also means that, for example, the
+<tt>dvect</tt> module does not have to be available at all if
+<tt>as_dvect()</tt> is never used.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Clarification of compile-time and link-time dependencies</h2>
+
+Boost.Python's support for resolving cross-module dependencies at
+runtime does not imply that compile-time dependencies are eliminated.
+For example, the statistics extension module in the example above will
+need to <tt>#include &lt;vector&gt;</tt>. This is immediately obvious
+from the definition of <tt>class xy</tt>.
+
+<p>
+If a library is wrapped that consists of both header files and compiled
+components (e.g. <tt>libdvect.a</tt>, <tt>dvect.lib</tt>, etc.), both
+the Boost.Python extension module with the
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> statement and the module with the
+<tt>import_converters&lt;&gt;</tt> statement need to be linked against
+the object library.  Ideally one would build a shared library (e.g.
+<tt>libdvect.so</tt>, <tt>dvect.dll</tt>, etc.). However, this
+introduces the issue of having to configure the search path for the
+dynamic loading correctly. For small libraries it is therefore often
+more convenient to ignore the fact that the object files are loaded
+into memory more than once.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Summary of motivation for cross-module support</h2>
+
+The main purpose of Boost.Python's cross-module support is to allow for
+a modular system layout. With this support it is straightforward to
+reflect C++ code organization at the Python level. Without the
+cross-module support, a multi-purpose module like <tt>std_vector</tt>
+would be impractical because the entire wrapper code would somehow have
+to be duplicated in all extension modules that use it, making them
+harder to maintain and harder to build.
+
+<p>
+Another motivation for the cross-module support is that two extension
+modules that wrap the same class cannot both be imported into Python.
+For example, if there are two modules <tt>A</tt> and <tt>B</tt> that
+both wrap a given <tt>class X</tt>, this will work:
+
+<pre>
+import A
+x = A.X()
+</pre>
+
+This will also work:
+
+<pre>
+import B
+x = B.X()
+</pre>
+
+However, this will fail:
+
+<pre>
+import A
+import B
+python: /net/cci/rwgk/boost/boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp:866:
+static void boost::python::detail::class_registry&lt;X&gt;::register_class(boost::python::detail::extension_class_base *):
+Assertion `static_class_object == 0' failed.
+Abort
+</pre>
+
+A good solution is to wrap <tt>class X</tt> only once. Depending on the
+situation, this could be done by module <tt>A</tt> or <tt>B</tt>, or an
+additional small extension module that only wraps and exports
+<tt>class X</tt>.
+
+<p>
+Finally, there can be important psychological or political reasons for
+using the cross-module support. If a group of classes is lumped
+together with many others in a huge module, the authors will have
+difficulties in being identified with their work. The situation is
+much more transparent if the work is represented by a module with a
+recognizable name. This is not just a question of strong egos, but also
+of getting credit and funding.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Why not use <tt>export_converters()</tt> universally?</h2>
+
+There is some overhead associated with the Boost.Python cross-module
+support. Depending on the platform, the size of the code generated by
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> is roughly 10%-20% of that generated
+by <tt>class_builder&lt;&gt;</tt>. For a large extension module with
+many wrapped classes, this could mean a significant difference.
+Therefore the general recommendation is to use
+<tt>export_converters()</tt> only for classes that are likely to
+be used as function arguments or return values in other modules.
+
+<hr>
+&copy; Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001. Permission to copy,
+use, modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as
+is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
+suitability for any purpose.
+
+<p>
+Updated: April 2001
+
+</div>

doc/data_structures.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+Given a real Python class 'A', a wrapped C++ class 'B', and this definition:
+
+    class C(A, B):
+        def __init__(self):
+            B.__init__(self)
+            self.x = 1
+        ...
+
+    c = C()
+
+this diagram describes the internal structure of an instance of 'C', including
+its inheritance relationships. Note that ExtensionClass<B> is derived from
+Class<ExtensionInstance>, and is in fact identical for all intents and purposes.
+
+                                           MetaClass<ExtensionInstance>
+                 +---------+              +---------+                  
+types.ClassType: |         |              |         |                  
+                 |         |              |         |                  
+                 |         |              |         |                  
+                 +---------+              +---------+                    
+                   ^                         ^   ^
+     PyClassObject |       ExtensionClass<B> |   |
+ A: +------------+ |   B: +------------+     |   |
+    |  ob_type  -+-+      |   ob_type -+-----+   |
+    |            |   ()<--+- __bases__ |         |
+    |            |        |  __dict__ -+->{...}  |
+    |            |   'B'<-+- __name__  |         |
+    +------------+        +------------+         |
+         ^                      ^                |
+         |                      |                |
+         +-----+  +-------------+                |
+               |  |                              |
+               |  |     Class<ExtensionInstance> |
+               |  | C: +------------+            |
+               |  |    |   ob_type -+------------+
+        tuple:(*, *)<--+- __bases__ |           
+                       |  __dict__ -+->{__module__, <methods, etc.>}
+                 'C' <-+- __name__  |
+                       +------------+        
+                             ^           (in case of inheritance from more than one   
+                             |            extension class, this vector would contain  
+             +---------------+            a pointer to an instance holder for the data
+             |                            of each corresponding C++ class)            
+             |     ExtensionInstance                
+             | c: +---------------------+   std::vector<InstanceHolderBase> 
+             +----+- __class__          |  +---+--  
+                  |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| * | ...
+        {'x': 1}<-+- __dict__           |  +-|-+--   
+                  +---------------------+    |    InstanceValueHolder<B>                  
+                                             |   +--------------------------------+
+                                             +-->| (contains a C++ instance of B) |
+                                                 +--------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In our inheritance test cases in extclass_demo.cpp/test_extclass.py, we have the
+following C++ inheritance hierarchy:
+
+               +-----+          +----+
+               |  A1 |          | A2 |
+               +-----+          +----+
+                ^ ^ ^            ^  ^  
+                | | |            |  |
+          +-----+ | +---------+-----+
+          |       |           |  |
+          |       +---+----------+
+   .......!......     |       |
+   : A_callback :   +-+--+  +-+--+
+   :............:   | B1 |  | B2 |
+                    +----+  +----+
+                      ^
+                      |
+              +-------+---------+
+              |                 |
+            +-+-+         ......!.......
+            | C |         : B_callback :
+            +---+         :............:
+
+
+A_callback and B_callback are used as part of the wrapping mechanism but not
+represented in Python. C is also not represented in Python but is delivered
+there polymorphically through a smart pointer.
+
+This is the data structure in Python.
+
+       ExtensionClass<A1>
+  A1: +------------+                
+ ()<--+- __bases__ |                                                
+      |  __dict__ -+->{...}                                         
+      +------------+                                                
+        ^                 
+        |          ExtensionInstance                                              
+        |     a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A1,A_callback> 
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---------------------+ 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A_callback | 
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---------------------+              
+        |   
+        |          ExtensionInstance                                              
+        | pa1_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+ 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   A1    
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+
+        |                                                +->|   |
+        |          ExtensionInstance                        +---+ 
+        | pb1_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1           
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+        
+        |                                                +->|   |                            
+        |          ExtensionInstance                        +---+                       
+        | pb2_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
+        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                 
+        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B2                   
+        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+        
+        |                                                +->|   | 
+        |                                                   +---+                       
+        |       ExtensionClass<A1>                                                          
+        |  A2: +------------+                                                               
+        | ()<--+- __bases__ |                                                               
+        |      |  __dict__ -+->{...}                                                        
+        |      +------------+                                                               
+        |           ^                                                                       
+        |           |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
+        |       a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A2>             
+        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +-------------+                      
+        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A2 |                      
+        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +-------------+                      
+        |           |                                                                       
+        |           |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
+        |   pa2_a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A2>,A2>  
+        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                
+        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   A2                         
+        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                       
+        |           |                                        +->|   |                       
+        |           |  ExtensionInstance                        +---+                       
+        |   pb1_a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A2>,A2>  
+        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                
+        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1                         
+        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                       
+        |           |                                        +->|   |                       
+        |           |                                           +---+                       
+        |           |                                                                       
+        |           +---------------+------------------------------+                             
+        |                           |                              |                             
+ +------+-------------------------+-|----------------------------+ |                             
+ |                                | |                            | |                             
+ |       Class<ExtensionInstance> | |      ExtensionClass<B1>    | |      ExtensionClass<B1>     
+ | DA1: +------------+            | | B1: +------------+         | | B2: +------------+          
+(*,)<---+- __bases__ |           (*,*)<---+- __bases__ |        (*,*)<---+- __bases__ |          
+        |  __dict__ -+->{...}             |  __dict__ -+->{...}          |  __dict__ -+->{...}   
+        +------------+                    +------------+                 +------------+          
+              ^                                ^                                    ^ 
+              |        ExtensionInstance       |                                    |       
+              |  da1: +---------------------+  |    vec     InstanceValueHolder<A1,A_callback>  
+              +-------+- __class__          |  |   +---+   +---------------------+  |          
+                      |  m_wrapped_objects -+--|-->| *-+-->| contains A_callback |  |          
+                      +---------------------+  |   +---+   +---------------------+  |          
+        +--------------------------------------+                                    |
+        |  ExtensionInstance                                                        |
+    b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<B1,B_callback>      |
+        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---------------------+                  |
+        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains B_callback |                  |
+        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---------------------+                  |
+        |                                                                           |
+        |  ExtensionInstance                                                        |
+pb1_b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<B1>,B1>      |
+        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                    |
+        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1                             |
+        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                           |
+        |                                        +->|   |                           |
+        |  ExtensionInstance                        +---+                           |
+ pc_b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<B1>,B1>      |
+        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                    |
+        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   C                              |
+        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                           |
+        |                                        +->|   |                           |
+        |                                           +---+                           |
+        |                                                                           |
+        |       Class<ExtensionInstance>    +---------------------------------------+
+        | DB1: +------------+               |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
+       (*,)<---+- __bases__ |           a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A2> 
+               |  __dict__ -+->{...}        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +-------------+                      
+               +------------+                 |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A2 |                      
+                     ^                        +---------------------+  +---+   +-------------+                      
+                     |  ExtensionInstance      
+                db1: | +---------------------+    vec     InstanceValueHolder<B1,B_callback>  
+                     +-+- __class__          |   +---+   +----------------------+ 
+                       |  m_wrapped_objects -+-->| *-+-->| contains B1_callback |              
+                       +---------------------+   +---+   +----------------------+              

doc/enums.html

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      Wrapping enums
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
+        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"><br>
+        Wrapping enums
+      </h1>
+
+<p>Because there is in general no way to deduce that a value of arbitrary type T
+is an enumeration constant, the Boost Python Library cannot automatically
+convert enum values to and from Python. To handle this case, you need to decide
+how you want the enum to show up in Python (since Python doesn't have
+enums). Once you have done that, you can write some simple
+<code>from_python()</code> and <code>to_python()</code> functions.
+
+<p>If you are satisfied with a Python int as a way to represent your enum
+values, we provide a shorthand for these functions. You just need to cause
+<code>boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;EnumType&gt;</code> to be
+instantiated, where
+<code>EnumType</code> is your enumerated type. There are two convenient ways to do this:
+
+<ol>
+<li>Explicit instantiation:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+  template class boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;my_enum&gt;;
+</blockquote></pre>
+
+Some buggy C++ implementations require a class to be instantiated in the same
+namespace in which it is defined. In that case, the simple incantation above becomes:
+
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+   ...
+} // close my_namespace
+
+// drop into namespace python and explicitly instantiate
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+  template class enum_as_int_converters&lt;my_enum_type&gt;;
+}} // namespace boost::python
+
+namespace my_namespace { // re-open my_namespace
+   ...
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<li>If you have such an implementation, you may find this technique more convenient 
+<blockquote><pre>
+// instantiate as base class in any namespace
+struct EnumTypeConverters
+    : boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;EnumType&gt;
+{
+};
+</blockquote></pre>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Either of the above is equivalent to the following declarations:
+<blockquote><pre>
+BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
+
+  MyEnumType from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type&lt;MyEnumType&gt;)
+  {
+      return static_cast&lt;MyEnum&gt;(
+        from_python(x, boost::python::type&lt;long&gt;()));
+  }
+
+  MyEnumType from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type&lt;const MyEnumType&amp;&gt;)
+  {
+      return static_cast&lt;MyEnum&gt;(
+        from_python(x, boost::python::type&lt;long&gt;()));
+  }
+
+  PyObject* to_python(MyEnumType x)
+  {
+      return to_python(static_cast&lt;long&gt;(x));
+  }
+BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>This technique defines the conversions of
+<code>MyEnumType</code> in terms of the conversions for the built-in
+ <code>long</code> type.
+
+You may also want to add a bunch of lines like this to your module
+initialization. These bind the corresponding enum values to the appropriate
+names so they can be used from Python:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+mymodule.add(boost::python::make_ref(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
+mymodule.add(boost::python::make_ref(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
+...
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+You can also add these to an extension class definition, if your enum happens to
+be local to a class and you want the analogous interface in Python:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+my_class_builder.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
+my_class_builder.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
+...
+</pre></blockquote>
+               <p>
+         Next: <a href="pointers.html">Pointers and Smart Pointers</a>
+         Previous: <a href="building.html">Building an Extension Module</a>
+         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as
+        is'' without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
+        its suitability for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
+    </div>
+

doc/example1.html

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      A Simple Example
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt=
+        "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">
+      </h1>
+      <h1>
+         A Simple Example
+      </h1>
+      <p>
+         Suppose we have the following C++ API which we want to expose in
+        Python:
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+#include &lt;string&gt;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
+  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
+  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
+}
+
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+      <p>
+        Here is the C++ code for a python module called <tt>getting_started1</tt>
+        which exposes the API.
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started1)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started1");
+
+    // Add regular functions to the module.
+    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
+    this_module.def(square, "square");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+      <p>
+         That's it! If we build this shared library and put it on our <code>
+        PYTHONPATH</code> we can now access our C++ functions from
+        Python.
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; import getting_started1
+&gt;&gt;&gt; print getting_started1.greet()
+hello, world
+&gt;&gt;&gt; number = 11
+&gt;&gt;&gt; print number, '*', number, '=', getting_started1.square(number)
+11 * 11 = 121
+</pre>
+      <p>
+        Next: <a href="exporting_classes.html">Exporting Classes</a>
+         Previous: <a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons with other systems</a>  Up:
+        <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
+        for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2000
+    </div>
+

doc/exporting_classes.html

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      Exporting Classes
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt=
+        "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">
+      </h1>
+      <h1>
+         Exporting Classes
+      </h1>
+      <p>
+         Now let's expose a C++ class to Python:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;string&gt;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class hello
+  {
+    public:
+      hello(const std::string&amp; country) { this-&gt;country = country; }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+  };
+
+  // A function taking a hello object as an argument.
+  std::string invite(const hello&amp; w) {
+    return w.greet() + "! Please come soon!";
+  }
+}
+
+</blockquote></pre>      <p>
+      To expose the class, we use a <tt>class_builder</tt> in addition to the
+      <tt>module_builder</tt> from the previous example. Class member functions
+      are exposed by using the <tt>def()</tt> member function on the
+      <tt>class_builder</tt>:
+<blockquote><pre>
+#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started2)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started2");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder&lt;hello&gt; hello_class(this_module, "hello");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    hello_class.def(python::constructor&lt;std::string&gt;());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    hello_class.def(&amp;hello::greet, "greet");
+
+    // Add invite() as a regular function to the module.
+    this_module.def(invite, "invite");
+
+    // Even better, invite() can also be made a member of hello_class!!!
+    hello_class.def(invite, "invite");
+  }
+  catch(...)
+  {
+    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
+  }
+}
+</blockquote></pre>
+      <p>
+Now we can use the class normally from Python:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; from getting_started2 import *
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi = hello('California')
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi.greet()
+'Hello from California'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; invite(hi)
+'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi.invite()
+'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+</blockquote></pre>
+
+Notes:<ul>
+<li> We expose the class' constructor by calling <tt>def()</tt> on the
+      <tt>class_builder</tt> with an argument whose type is
+      <tt>constructor&lt;</tt><i>params</i><tt>&gt;</tt>, where <i>params</i>
+      matches the list of constructor argument types:
+
+
+<li>Regular member functions are defined by calling <tt>def()</tt> with a
+      member function pointer and its Python name:
+
+<li>Any function added to a class whose initial argument matches the class (or
+any base) will act like a member function in Python.
+</ul>
+      <p>
+         We can even make a subclass of <code>hello.world</code>:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class wordy(hello):
+...     def greet(self):
+...         return hello.greet(self) + ', where the weather is fine'
+...
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2 = wordy('Florida')
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2.greet()
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; invite(hi2)
+'Hello from Florida! Please come soon!'
+</blockquote></pre>
+      <p>
+         Pretty cool! You can't do that with an ordinary Python extension type!
+
+         Of course, you may now have a slightly empty feeling in the pit of
+        your little pythonic stomach. Perhaps you wanted to see the following
+        <tt>wordy</tt> invitation:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine! Please come soon!'
+</blockquote></pre>
+
+        After all, <tt>invite</tt> calls <tt>hello::greet()</tt>, and you
+        reimplemented that in your Python subclass, <tt>wordy</tt>. If so, <a
+        href= "overriding.html">read on</a>...
+
+      <p>
+        Next: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable virtual functions</a>
+         Previous: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example</a>  Up:
+        <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
+        for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
+    </div>
+

doc/extending.html

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+    <title>
+      A Brief Introduction to writing Python extension modules
+    </title>
+    <h1>
+      <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center"
+      width="277" height="86">
+    </h1>
+    <h1>
+      A Brief Introduction to writing Python extension modules
+    </h1>
+    <p>
+      Interfacing any language to Python involves building a module which can
+      be loaded by the Python interpreter, but which isn't written in Python.
+      This is known as an <em>extension module</em>. Many of the <a href= 
+      "http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/lib.html">built-in Python
+      libraries</a> are constructed in 'C' this way; Python even supplies its
+      <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/types.html">fundamental
+      types</a> using the same mechanism. An extension module can be statically
+      linked with the Python interpreter, but it more commonly resides in a
+      shared library or DLL.
+    <p>
+      As you can see from <a href= 
+      "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/ext.html"> The Python Extending
+      and Embedding Tutorial</a>, writing an extension module normally means
+      worrying about
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/refcounts.html">
+        maintaining reference counts</a>
+      <li>
+        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/callingPython.html"> how
+        to call back into Python</a>
+      <li>
+        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/parseTuple.html">
+        function argument parsing and typechecking</a>
+    </ul>
+    This last item typically occupies a great deal of code in an extension
+    module. Remember that Python is a completely dynamic language. A callable
+    object receives its arguments in a tuple; it is up to that object to extract
+    those arguments from the tuple, check their types, and raise appropriate
+    exceptions. There are numerous other tedious details that need to be
+    managed; too many to mention here. The Boost Python Library is designed to
+    lift most of that burden.<br>
+    <br>
+     
+    <p>
+      Another obstacle that most people run into eventually when extending
+      Python is that there's no way to make a true Python class in an extension
+      module. The typical solution is to create a new Python type in the
+      extension module, and then write an additional module in 100% Python. The
+      Python module defines a Python class which dispatches to an instance of
+      the extension type, which it contains. This allows users to write
+      subclasses of the class in the Python module, almost as though they were
+      sublcassing the extension type. Aside from being tedious, it's not really
+      the same as having a true class, because there's no way for the user to
+      override a method of the extension type which is called from the
+      extension module. Boost.Python solves this problem by taking advantage of <a
+      href="http://www.python.org/doc/essays/metaclasses/">Python's metaclass
+      feature</a> to provide objects which look, walk, and hiss almost exactly
+      like regular Python classes. Boost.Python classes are actually cleaner than
+      Python classes in some subtle ways; a more detailed discussion will
+      follow (someday).</p>
+    <p>Next: <a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons with Other Systems</a> Up: <a
+    href="index.html">Top</a> </p>
+    <p>
+      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+      any purpose.</p>
+

doc/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      The Boost Python Library (Boost.Python)
+    </title>
+    <h1>
+       <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" width="277"
+      align="center" height="86"><br>The Boost Python Library (Boost.Python)
+    </h1>
+
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+    <p>
+      Use the Boost Python Library to quickly and easily export a C++ library to <a
+      href="http://www.python.org">Python</a> such that the Python interface is
+      very similar to the C++ interface. It is designed to be minimally
+      intrusive on your C++ design. In most cases, you should not have to alter
+      your C++ classes in any way in order to use them with Boost.Python. The system
+      <em>should</em> simply ``reflect'' your C++ classes and functions into
+      Python. The major features of Boost.Python include support for:
+<ul>
+<li><a href="inheritance.html">Subclassing extension types in Python</a>
+<li><a href="overriding.html">Overriding virtual functions in Python</a>
+<li><a href="overloading.html">[Member] function Overloading</a>
+<li><a href="special.html#numeric_auto">Automatic wrapping of numeric operators</a>
+</ul>
+among others.
+
+
+<h2>Supported Platforms</h2>
+<p>Boost.Python is known to have been tested in the following configurations:
+
+<ul>
+<li>Against Python 2.0 using the following compiler/library combinations:
+<ul>
+  <li><a
+  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a>
+  with the native library.
+
+  <li>An upcoming release of <a
+        href="http://www.metrowerks.com/products/windows/">Metrowerks
+        CodeWarrior Pro6 for Windows</a> with the native library (the first
+        release has a bug that's fatal to Boost.Python)
+
+        <li><a
+        href="http://developer.intel.com/software/products/compilers/c50/">Intel
+        C++ 5.0</a>. Compilation succeeds, but tests <font
+        color="#FF0000"><b>FAILED at runtime</b></font> due to a bug in its
+        exception-handling implementation.
+</ul>
+
+<li>Against Python 1.5.2 using the following compiler/library: 
+
+  <ul>
+  <li><a
+  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a> 
+
+  <li><a
+  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a>/<a
+  href="http://www.stlport.org">STLport 4.0</a> 
+
+  <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">GCC 2.95.2</a> [by <a href="mailto:koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de">Ullrich
+  Koethe</a>]
+
+  <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">GCC 2.95.2</a>/<a href="http://www.stlport.org">STLport 4.0</a>
+
+  <li>Compaq C++ V6.2-024 for Digital UNIX V5.0 Rev. 910 (an <a
+  href="http://www.edg.com/">EDG</a>-based compiler) with <a
+  href="http://www.stlport.org/beta.html">STLport-4.1b3</a> [by <a
+  href="mailto:rwgk@cci.lbl.gov">Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve</a>] 
+
+  <li>An upcoming release of <a href="http://www.metrowerks.com/products/windows/">Metrowerks CodeWarrior
+        Pro6 for Windows</a> (the first release has a bug that's fatal to Boost.Python)
+  </ul>
+</ul>
+
+<h2>Credits</h2>
+<ul>
+      <li><a href="../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">David Abrahams</a> originated
+      and wrote most of the library, and continues to coordinate development.
+
+      <li><a href="mailto:koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de">Ullrich Koethe</a>
+      had independently developed a similar system. When he discovered Boost.Python,
+      he generously contributed countless hours of coding and much insight into
+      improving it. He is responsible for an early version of the support for <a
+      href="overloading.html">function overloading</a> and wrote the support for
+      <a href="inheritance.html#implicit_conversion">reflecting C++ inheritance
+      relationships</a>. He has helped to improve error-reporting from both
+      Python and C++, and has designed an extremely easy-to-use way of 
+      exposing <a href="special.html#numeric">numeric operators</a>, including
+      a way to avoid explicit coercion by means of overloading.
+      
+      <li><a href="http://cci.lbl.gov/staff/ralf_grosse-kunstleve.html">Ralf W.
+      Grosse-Kunstleve</a> contributed <a href="pickle.html">pickle support</a>
+      and numerous other small improvements. He's working on a way to allow
+      types exported by multiple modules to interact.
+
+      <li>The members of the boost mailing list and the Python community
+      supplied invaluable early feedback. In particular, Ron Clarke, Mark Evans,
+      Anton Gluck, Chuck Ingold, Prabhu Ramachandran, and Barry Scott took the
+      brave step of trying to use Boost.Python while it was still in early
+      stages of development.
+
+      <li>The development of Boost.Python wouldn't have been possible without
+      the generous support of <a href="http://www.dragonsys.com/">Dragon
+      Systems/Lernout and Hauspie, Inc</a> who supported its development as an
+      open-source project.
+</ul>
+
+    <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+
+    <ol>
+      <li><a href="extending.html">A Brief Introduction to writing Python
+        extension modules</a>
+
+      <li><a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons between Boost.Python and other
+        systems for extending Python</a>
+
+      <li><a href="example1.html">A Simple Example</a>
+
+      <li><a href="exporting_classes.html">Exporting Classes</a>
+
+      <li><a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
+
+      <li><a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
+
+      <li><a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a>
+
+      <li><a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
+
+      <li><a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
+
+      <li><a href="building.html">Building an Extension Module</a>
+
+      <li><a href="pickle.html">Pickle Support</a>
+
+      <li><a href="cross_module.html">Cross-Extension-Module Dependencies</a>
+
+      <li><a href="enums.html">Wrapping Enums</a>
+
+      <li><a href="pointers.html">Pointers and Smart Pointers</a>
+
+      <li><a href="data_structures.txt">Internal Data Structures</a>
+          
+</ol>  
+ 
+    <p>
+      Documentation is a major ongoing project; assistance is greatly
+      appreciated! In the meantime, useful examples of every Boost.Python feature should
+      be evident in the regression test files <code>test/comprehensive.[<a
+      href="../test/comprehensive.py">py</a>/<a
+      href="../test/comprehensive.hpp">hpp</a>/<a
+      href="../test/comprehensive.cpp">cpp</a>]</code>
+
+    <p>
+       Questions should be directed to <a href= 
+      "http://www.yahoogroups.com/list/boost">the boost mailing list</a>.
+
+    <p>
+       &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
+      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+      any purpose.
+    <p>
+       Updated: Mar 6, 2001
+

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@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      Inheritance
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
+        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Inheritance
+      </h1>
+
+<h2>Inheritance in Python</h2>
+
+      <p>
+         Boost.Python extension classes support single and multiple-inheritance in
+         Python, just like regular Python classes. You can arbitrarily mix
+         built-in Python classes with extension classes in a derived class'
+         tuple of bases. Whenever a Boost.Python extension class is among the bases for a
+         new class in Python, the result is an extension class:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class MyPythonClass:
+...     def f(): return 'MyPythonClass.f()'
+...
+&gt;&gt;&gt; import my_extension_module
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class Derived(my_extension_module.MyExtensionClass, MyPythonClass):
+...     '''This is an extension class'''
+...     pass
+...
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x = Derived()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.f()
+'MyPythonClass.f()'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.g()
+'MyExtensionClass.g()'
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2><a name="implicit_conversion">Reflecting C++ Inheritance Relationships</a></h2>
+      <p>
+        Boost.Python also allows us to represent C++ inheritance relationships so that
+        wrapped derived classes may be passed where values, pointers, or
+        references to a base class are expected as arguments. The
+        <code>declare_base</code> member function of
+        <code>class_builder&lt;&gt;</code> is used to establish the relationship
+        between base and derived classes:
+
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+#include &lt;memory&gt; // for std::auto_ptr&lt;&gt;
+
+struct Base {
+    virtual ~Base() {}
+    virtual const char* name() const { return "Base"; }
+};
+
+struct Derived : Base {
+    Derived() : x(-1) {}
+    virtual const char* name() const { return "Derived"; }
+    int x;
+};
+
+std::auto_ptr&lt;Base&gt; derived_as_base() {
+    return std::auto_ptr&lt;Base&gt;(new Derived);
+}
+
+const char* get_name(const Base& b) {
+    return b.name();
+}
+
+int get_derived_x(const Derived& d) {
+    return d.x;
+}
+    <hr>
+#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
+
+// namespace alias for code brevity
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(my_module)
+{
+    try
+    {
+       python::module_builder my_module("my_module");
+
+       python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base_class(my_module, "Base");
+       base_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+
+       python::class_builder&lt;Derived&gt; derived_class(my_module, "Derived");
+       derived_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+       <b>// Establish the inheritance relationship between Base and Derived
+       derived_class.declare_base(base_class);</b>
+
+       my_module.def(derived_as_base, "derived_as_base");
+       my_module.def(get_name, "get_name");
+       my_module.def(get_derived_x, "get_derived_x");
+    }
+    catch(...)
+    {
+       python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
+    }
+}
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+   Then, in Python:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; from my_module import *
+&gt;&gt;&gt; base = Base()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; derived = Derived()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; get_name(base)
+'Base'
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<i>objects of wrapped class Derived may be passed where Base is expected</i>
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; get_name(derived) 
+'Derived'
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<i>objects of wrapped class Derived can be passed where Derived is 
+expected but where type information has been lost.</i>
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; get_derived_x(derived_as_base()) 
+-1
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>Inheritance Without Virtual Functions</h2>
+
+<p>
+  If for some reason your base class has no virtual functions but you still want
+  to represent the inheritance relationship between base and derived classes,
+  pass the special symbol <code>boost::python::without_downcast</code> as the 2nd parameter
+  to <code>declare_base</code>:
+
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+struct Base2 {};
+struct Derived2 { int f(); };
+<hr>
+   ...
+   python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base2_class(my_module, "Base2");
+   base2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+
+   python::class_builder&lt;Derived2&gt; derived2_class(my_module, "Derived2");
+   derived2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
+   derived_class.declare_base(base_class, <b>python::without_downcast</b>);
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>This approach will allow <code>Derived2</code> objects to be passed where
+ <code>Base2</code> is expected, but does not attempt to implicitly convert (downcast)
+ smart-pointers to <code>Base2</code> into <code>Derived2</code> pointers,
+ references, or values.
+
+      <p>
+         Next: <a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
+         Previous: <a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
+         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
+        for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+    </div>
+

doc/overloading.html

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      Function Overloading
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
+        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Function Overloading
+      </h1>
+
+<h2>An Example</h2>
+      <p>
+        To expose overloaded functions in Python, simply <code>def()</code> each
+        one with the same Python name:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+inline int f1() { return 3; }
+inline int f2(int x) { return x + 1; }
+
+class X {
+public:
+    X() : m_value(0) {}
+    X(int n) : m_value(n) {}
+    int value() const { return m_value; }
+    void value(int v) { m_value = v; }
+private:
+    int m_value;
+};
+  ...
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(overload_demo)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        boost::python::module_builder overload_demo("overload_demo");
+        // Overloaded functions at module scope
+        overload_demo.def(f1, "f");
+        overload_demo.def(f2, "f");
+
+        boost::python::class_builder&lt;X&gt; x_class(overload_demo, "X");
+        // Overloaded constructors
+        x_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
+        x_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int&gt;());
+
+        // Overloaded member functions
+        x_class.def((int (X::*)() const)&amp;X::value, "value");
+        x_class.def((void (X::*)(int))&amp;X::value, "value");
+  ...
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+      <p>
+        Now in Python:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+>>> from overload_demo import *
+>>> x0 = X()
+>>> x1 = X(1)
+>>> x0.value()
+0
+>>> x1.value()
+1
+>>> x0.value(3)
+>>> x0.value()
+3
+>>> X('hello')
+TypeError: No overloaded functions match (X, string). Candidates are:
+void (*)()
+void (*)(int)
+>>> f()
+3
+>>> f(4)
+5
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h2>Discussion</h2>
+      <p>
+        Notice that overloading in the Python module was produced three ways:<ol>
+        <li>by combining the non-overloaded C++ functions <code>int f1()</code>
+        and <code>int f2(int)</code> and exposing them as <code>f</code> in Python.
+        <li>by exposing the overloaded constructors of <code>class X</code>
+        <li>by exposing the overloaded member functions <code>X::value</code>.
+        </ol>
+      <p>
+        Techniques 1. and 3. above are really alternatives. In case 3, you need
+        to form a pointer to each of the overloaded functions. The casting
+        syntax shown above is one way to do that in C++. Case 1 does not require
+        complicated-looking casts, but may not be viable if you can't change
+        your C++ interface. N.B. There's really nothing unsafe about casting an
+        overloaded (member) function address this way: the compiler won't let
+        you write it at all unless you get it right.
+
+<h2>An Alternative to Casting</h2>
+      <p>
+        This approach is not neccessarily better, but may be preferable for some
+        people who have trouble writing out the types of (member) function
+        pointers or simply prefer to avoid all casts as a matter of principle:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+// Forwarding functions for X::value
+inline void set_x_value(X&amp; self, int v) { self.value(v); }
+inline int get_x_value(X&amp; self) { return self.value(); }
+   ...
+        // Overloaded member functions
+        x_class.def(set_x_value, "value");
+        x_class.def(get_x_value, "value");
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Here we are taking advantage of the ability to expose C++ functions at
+namespace scope as Python member functions.
+
+<h2>Overload Resolution</h2>
+      <p>
+        The function overload resolution mechanism  works as follows:
+
+        <ul>
+
+        <li>Attribute lookup for extension classes proceeds in <a
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/tut/node11.html#SECTION0011510000000000000000">the
+        usual Python way</a> using a depth-first, left-to-right search. When a
+        class is found which has a matching attribute, only functions overloaded
+        in the context of that class are candidates for overload resolution. In
+        this sense, overload resolution mirrors the C++ mechanism, where a name
+        in a derived class ``hides'' all functions with the same name from a base
+        class.
+        <p>
+
+        <li>Within a name-space context (extension class or module), overloaded
+        functions are tried in the same order they were
+        <code>def()</code>ed. The first function whose signature can be made to
+        match each argument passed is the one which is ultimately called. 
+        This means in particular that you cannot overload the same function on 
+        both ``<code>int</code>'' and ``<code>float</code>'' because Python 
+        automatically converts either of the two types into the other one. 
+        If the ``<code>float</code>'' overload is found first, it is used 
+        also used for arguments of type ``<code>int</code>'' as well, and the 
+        ``<code>int</code>'' version of the function is never invoked.
+        </ul>
+
+      <p>
+         Next: <a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a>
+         Previous: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
+         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as
+        is'' without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
+        its suitability for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Mar 6, 2001
+    </div>
+

doc/overriding.html

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+    <title>Overridable Virtual Functions</title>
+
+    <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center"
+    width="277" height="86"> 
+
+    <h1>Overridable Virtual Functions</h1>
+
+<p> 
+  In the <a href="exporting_classes.html">previous example</a> we exposed a simple
+  C++ class in Python and showed that we could write a subclass. We even
+  redefined one of the functions in our derived class. Now we will learn
+  how to make the function behave virtually <em>when called from C++</em>. 
+
+
+<h2><a name="overriding_example">Example</a></h2>
+
+<p>In this example, it is assumed that <code>hello::greet()</code> is a virtual
+member function:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+class hello
+{
+ public:
+    hello(const std::string&amp; country) { this-&gt;country = country; }
+    <b>virtual</b> std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country; }
+    virtual ~hello(); // Good practice 
+    ...
+};
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+  We'll need a derived class<a href="#why_derived">*</a> to help us
+  dispatch the call to Python. In our derived class, we need the following
+  elements:
+
+<ol>
+
+  <li><a name="derived_1">A</a> <code>PyObject*</code> data member (usually
+  called <tt>self</tt>) that holds a pointer to the Python object corresponding
+  to our C++ <tt>hello</tt> instance.
+
+  <li><a name="derived_2">For</a>  each exposed constructor of the
+  base class <tt>T</tt>, a constructor which takes the same parameters preceded by an initial
+  <code>PyObject*</code> argument. The initial argument should be stored in the <tt>self</tt> data
+  member described above. 
+
+  <li><a name="derived_3">If</a> the class being wrapped is ever returned <i>by
+  value</i> from a wrapped function, be sure you do the same for the
+  <tt>T</tt>'s copy constructor: you'll need a constructor taking arguments
+  <tt>(PyObject*,&nbsp;const&nbsp;T&amp;)</tt>.
+
+  <li><a name="derived_4">An</a> implementation of each virtual function you may
+  wish to override in Python which uses
+  <tt>callback&lt</tt><i>return-type</i><tt>&gt;::call_method(self,&nbsp;&quot;</tt><i>name</i><tt>&quot;,&nbsp;</tt><i>args...</i><tt>)</tt> to call
+  the Python override.
+
+  <li><a name="derived_5">For</a> each non-pure virtual function meant to be
+  overridable from Python, a static member function (or a free function) taking
+  a reference or pointer to the <tt>T</tt> as the first parameter and which
+  forwards any additional parameters neccessary to the <i>default</i>
+  implementation of the virtual function. See also <a href="#private">this
+  note</a> if the base class virtual function is private.
+
+</ol>
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+struct hello_callback : hello
+{
+    // hello constructor storing initial self_ parameter
+    hello_callback(PyObject* self_, const std::string&amp; x) // <a href="#derived_2">2</a>
+        : hello(x), self(self_) {}
+
+    // In case hello is returned by-value from a wrapped function
+    hello_callback(PyObject* self_, const hello&amp; x) // <a href="#derived_3">3</a>
+        : hello(x), self(self_) {}
+
+    // Override greet to call back into Python
+    std::string greet() const // <a href="#derived_4">4</a>
+        { return boost::python::callback&lt;std::string&gt;::call_method(self, "greet"); }
+
+    // Supplies the default implementation of greet
+    static std::string <a name= "default_implementation">default_greet</a>(const hello& self_) const // <a href="#derived_5">5</a>
+        { return self_.hello::greet(); }
+ private:
+    PyObject* self; // <a href="#derived_1">1</a>
+};
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+  Finally, we add <tt>hello_callback</tt> to the <tt>
+  class_builder&lt;&gt;</tt> declaration in our module initialization
+  function, and when we define the function, we must tell Boost.Python about the default
+  implementation:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+// Create the <a name=
+"hello_class">Python type object</a> for our extension class
+boost::python::class_builder&lt;hello<strong>,hello_callback&gt;</strong> hello_class(hello, "hello");
+// Add a virtual member function
+hello_class.def(&amp;hello::greet, "greet", &amp;<b>hello_callback::default_greet</b>);
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ Now our Python subclass of <tt>hello</tt> behaves as expected:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class wordy(hello):
+...     def greet(self):
+...         return hello.greet(self) + ', where the weather is fine'
+...
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2 = wordy('Florida')
+&gt;&gt;&gt; hi2.greet()
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; invite(hi2)
+'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine! Please come soon!'
+</pre></blockquote>
+    <p>
+      <a name="why_derived">*</a>You may ask, "Why do we need this derived
+      class? This could have been designed so that everything gets done right
+      inside of <tt>hello</tt>." One of the goals of Boost.Python is to be
+      minimally intrusive on an existing C++ design. In principle, it should be
+      possible to expose the interface for a 3rd party library without changing
+      it. To unintrusively hook into the virtual functions so that a Python
+      override may be called, we must use a derived class.
+
+<h2>Pure Virtual Functions</h2>
+
+    <p>
+      A pure virtual function with no implementation is actually a lot easier to
+      deal with than a virtual function with a default implementation. First of
+      all, you obviously don't need to <a href="#default_implementation"> supply
+      a default implementation</a>. Secondly, you don't need to call
+      <tt>def()</tt> on the <tt>extension_class&lt;&gt;</tt> instance
+      for the virtual function. In fact, you wouldn't <em>want</em> to: if the
+      corresponding attribute on the Python class stays undefined, you'll get an
+      <tt>AttributeError</tt> in Python when you try to call the function,
+      indicating that it should have been implemented. For example:
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+struct baz {
+    <strong>virtual</strong> int pure(int) = 0;
+    int calls_pure(int x) { return pure(x) + 1000; }
+};
+
+struct baz_callback {
+    int pure(int x) { boost::python::callback&lt;int&gt;::call_method(m_self, "pure", x); }
+};
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(foobar)
+{
+    try
+    {
+       boost::python::module_builder foobar("foobar");
+       boost::python::class_builder&lt;baz,baz_callback&gt; baz_class("baz");
+       baz_class.def(&amp;baz::calls_pure, "calls_pure");
+    }
+    catch(...)
+    {
+       boost::python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
+    }
+}
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      Now in Python:
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; from foobar import baz
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x = baz()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.pure(1)
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
+AttributeError: pure
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.calls_pure(1)
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
+AttributeError: pure
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class mumble(baz):
+...    def pure(self, x): return x + 1
+...
+&gt;&gt;&gt; y = mumble()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; y.pure(99)
+100
+&gt;&gt;&gt; y.calls_pure(99)
+1100
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<a name="private"><h2>Private Non-Pure Virtual Functions</h2></a>
+
+<p>This is one area where some minor intrusiveness on the wrapped library is
+required. Once it has been overridden, the only way to call the base class
+implementation of a private virtual function is to make the derived class a
+friend of the base class. You didn't hear it from me, but most C++
+implementations will allow you to change the declaration of the base class in
+this limited way without breaking binary compatibility (though it will certainly
+break the <a
+href="http://cs.calvin.edu/c++/C++Standard-Nov97/basic.html#basic.def.odr">ODR</a>).
+
+<hr>
+    <p>
+      Next: <a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
+      Previous: <a href="exporting_classes.html">Exporting Classes</a>
+      Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+    <p>
+      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+      any purpose.
+    <p>
+      Updated: Mar 21, 2001
+

doc/pickle.html

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+
+<title>Boost.Python Pickle Support</title>
+
+<div>
+
+<img src="../../../c++boost.gif"
+     alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+     align="center"
+     width="277" height="86">
+
+<hr>
+<h1>Boost.Python Pickle Support</h1>
+
+Pickle is a Python module for object serialization, also known
+as persistence, marshalling, or flattening.
+
+<p>
+It is often necessary to save and restore the contents of an object to
+a file. One approach to this problem is to write a pair of functions
+that read and write data from a file in a special format. A powerful
+alternative approach is to use Python's pickle module. Exploiting
+Python's ability for introspection, the pickle module recursively
+converts nearly arbitrary Python objects into a stream of bytes that
+can be written to a file.
+
+<p>
+The Boost Python Library supports the pickle module by emulating the
+interface implemented by Jim Fulton's ExtensionClass module that is
+included in the
+<a href="http://www.zope.org/"
+>ZOPE</a>
+distribution.
+This interface is similar to that for regular Python classes as
+described in detail in the
+<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-pickle.html"
+>Python Library Reference for pickle.</a>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>The Boost.Python Pickle Interface</h2>
+
+At the user level, the Boost.Python pickle interface involves three special
+methods:
+
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<strong><tt>__getinitargs__</tt></strong>
+<dd>
+  When an instance of a Boost.Python extension class is pickled, the
+  pickler tests if the instance has a <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> method.
+  This method must return a Python tuple (it is most convenient to use
+  a boost::python::tuple). When the instance is restored by the
+  unpickler, the contents of this tuple are used as the arguments for
+  the class constructor.
+
+  <p>
+  If <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> is not defined, the class constructor
+  will be called without arguments.
+
+<p>
+<dt>
+<strong><tt>__getstate__</tt></strong>
+
+<dd>
+  When an instance of a Boost.Python extension class is pickled, the
+  pickler tests if the instance has a <tt>__getstate__</tt> method.
+  This method should return a Python object representing the state of
+  the instance.
+
+  <p>
+  If <tt>__getstate__</tt> is not defined, the instance's
+  <tt>__dict__</tt> is pickled (if it is not empty).
+
+<p>
+<dt>
+<strong><tt>__setstate__</tt></strong>
+
+<dd>
+  When an instance of a Boost.Python extension class is restored by the
+  unpickler, it is first constructed using the result of
+  <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> as arguments (see above). Subsequently the
+  unpickler tests if the new instance has a <tt>__setstate__</tt>
+  method. If so, this method is called with the result of
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> (a Python object) as the argument.
+
+  <p>
+  If <tt>__setstate__</tt> is not defined, the result of
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> must be a Python dictionary. The items of this
+  dictionary are added to the instance's <tt>__dict__</tt>.
+
+</dl>
+
+If both <tt>__getstate__</tt> and <tt>__setstate__</tt> are defined,
+the Python object returned by <tt>__getstate__</tt> need not be a
+dictionary. The <tt>__getstate__</tt> and <tt>__setstate__</tt> methods
+can do what they want.
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Pitfalls and Safety Guards</h2>
+
+In Boost.Python extension modules with many extension classes,
+providing complete pickle support for all classes would be a
+significant overhead. In general complete pickle support should only be
+implemented for extension classes that will eventually be pickled.
+However, the author of a Boost.Python extension module might not
+anticipate correctly which classes need support for pickle.
+Unfortunately, the pickle protocol described above has two important
+pitfalls that the end user of a Boost.Python extension module might not
+be aware of:
+
+<dl>
+<dt>
+<strong>Pitfall 1:</strong>
+Both <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> and <tt>__getstate__</tt> are not defined.
+
+<dd>
+  In this situation the unpickler calls the class constructor without
+  arguments and then adds the <tt>__dict__</tt> that was pickled by
+  default to that of the new instance.
+
+  <p>
+  However, most C++ classes wrapped with Boost.Python will have member
+  data that are not restored correctly by this procedure. To alert the
+  user to this problem, a safety guard is provided. If both
+  <tt>__getinitargs__</tt> and <tt>__getstate__</tt> are not defined,
+  Boost.Python tests if the class has an attribute
+  <tt>__dict_defines_state__</tt>. An exception is raised if this
+  attribute is not defined:
+
+<pre>
+    RuntimeError: Incomplete pickle support (__dict_defines_state__ not set)
+</pre>
+
+  In the rare cases where this is not the desired behavior, the safety
+  guard can deliberately be disabled. The corresponding C++ code for
+  this is, e.g.:
+
+<pre>
+    class_builder&lt;your_class&gt; py_your_class(your_module, "your_class");
+    py_your_class.dict_defines_state();
+</pre>
+
+  It is also possible to override the safety guard at the Python level.
+  E.g.:
+
+<pre>
+    import your_bpl_module
+    class your_class(your_bpl_module.your_class):
+      __dict_defines_state__ = 1
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<dt>
+<strong>Pitfall 2:</strong>
+<tt>__getstate__</tt> is defined and the instance's <tt>__dict__</tt> is not empty.
+
+<dd>
+  The author of a Boost.Python extension class might provide a
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> method without considering the possibilities
+  that:
+
+  <p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>
+    his class is used in Python as a base class. Most likely the
+    <tt>__dict__</tt> of instances of the derived class needs to be
+    pickled in order to restore the instances correctly.
+
+  <p>
+  <li>
+    the user adds items to the instance's <tt>__dict__</tt> directly.
+    Again, the <tt>__dict__</tt> of the instance then needs to be
+    pickled.
+
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+
+  To alert the user to this highly unobvious problem, a safety guard is
+  provided. If <tt>__getstate__</tt> is defined and the instance's
+  <tt>__dict__</tt> is not empty, Boost.Python tests if the class has
+  an attribute <tt>__getstate_manages_dict__</tt>. An exception is
+  raised if this attribute is not defined:
+
+<pre>
+    RuntimeError: Incomplete pickle support (__getstate_manages_dict__ not set)
+</pre>
+
+  To resolve this problem, it should first be established that the
+  <tt>__getstate__</tt> and <tt>__setstate__</tt> methods manage the
+  instances's <tt>__dict__</tt> correctly. Note that this can be done
+  both at the C++ and the Python level. Finally, the safety guard
+  should intentionally be overridden.  E.g. in C++:
+
+<pre>
+    class_builder&lt;your_class&gt; py_your_class(your_module, "your_class");
+    py_your_class.getstate_manages_dict();
+</pre>
+
+  In Python:
+
+<pre>
+    import your_bpl_module
+    class your_class(your_bpl_module.your_class):
+      __getstate_manages_dict__ = 1
+      def __getstate__(self):
+        # your code here
+      def __setstate__(self, state):
+        # your code here
+</pre>
+</dl>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Practical Advice</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+  Avoid using <tt>__getstate__</tt> if the instance can also be
+  reconstructed by way of <tt>__getinitargs__</tt>. This automatically
+  avoids Pitfall 2.
+
+<p>
+<li>
+  If <tt>__getstate__</tt> is required, include the instance's
+  <tt>__dict__</tt> in the Python object that is returned.
+
+</ul>
+
+<hr>
+<h2>Examples</h2>
+
+There are three files in <tt>boost/libs/python/example</tt> that
+show how so provide pickle support.
+
+<h3><a href="../example/pickle1.cpp"><tt>pickle1.cpp</tt></a></h3>
+
+    The C++ class in this example can be fully restored by passing the
+    appropriate argument to the constructor. Therefore it is sufficient
+    to define the pickle interface method <tt>__getinitargs__</tt>.
+
+<h3><a href="../example/pickle2.cpp"><tt>pickle2.cpp</tt></a></h3>
+
+    The C++ class in this example contains member data that cannot be
+    restored by any of the constructors. Therefore it is necessary to
+    provide the <tt>__getstate__</tt>/<tt>__setstate__</tt> pair of
+    pickle interface methods.
+
+    <p>
+    For simplicity, the <tt>__dict__</tt> is not included in the result
+    of <tt>__getstate__</tt>. This is not generally recommended, but a
+    valid approach if it is anticipated that the object's
+    <tt>__dict__</tt> will always be empty. Note that the safety guards
+    will catch the cases where this assumption is violated.
+
+<h3><a href="../example/pickle3.cpp"><tt>pickle3.cpp</tt></a></h3>
+
+    This example is similar to <a
+    href="../example/pickle2.cpp"><tt>pickle2.cpp</tt></a>. However, the
+    object's <tt>__dict__</tt> is included in the result of
+    <tt>__getstate__</tt>.  This requires more code but is unavoidable
+    if the object's <tt>__dict__</tt> is not always empty.
+
+<hr>
+&copy; Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001. Permission to copy,
+use, modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as
+is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
+suitability for any purpose.
+
+<p>
+Updated: March 21, 2001
+</div>

doc/pointers.html

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+    <title>
+      Pointers
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
+        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Pointers
+      </h1>
+
+<h2><a name="problem">The Problem With Pointers</a></h2>
+
+      <p>
+In general, raw pointers passed to or returned from functions are problematic
+for Boost.Python because pointers have too many potential meanings. Is it an iterator?
+A pointer to a single element? An array? When used as a return value, is the
+caller expected to manage (delete) the pointed-to object or is the pointer
+really just a reference? If the latter, what happens to Python references to the
+referent when some C++ code deletes it?
+<p>
+There are a few cases in which pointers are converted automatically:
+<ul>
+
+<li>Both const- and non-const pointers to wrapped class instances can be passed
+<i>to</i> C++ functions. 
+
+<li>Values of type <code>const char*</code> are interpreted as
+null-terminated 'C' strings and when passed to or returned from C++ functions are
+converted from/to Python strings.
+
+</ul>
+
+<h3>Can you avoid the problem?</h3>
+
+<p>My first piece of advice to anyone with a case not covered above is
+``find a way to avoid the problem.'' For example, if you have just one
+or two functions that return a pointer to an individual <code>const
+T</code>, and <code>T</code> is a wrapped class, you may be able to write a ``thin
+converting wrapper'' over those two functions as follows:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+const Foo* f(); // original function
+const Foo& f_wrapper() { return *f(); }
+  ...
+my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>
+Foo must have a public copy constructor for this technique to work, since Boost.Python
+converts <code>const T&</code> values <code>to_python</code> by copying the <code>T</code>
+value into a new extension instance.
+
+<h2>Dealing with the problem</h2>
+
+<p>The first step in handling the remaining cases is to figure out what the pointer
+means. Several potential solutions are provided in the examples that follow:
+
+<h3>Returning a pointer to a wrapped type</h3>
+
+<h4>Returning a const pointer</h4>
+
+<p>If you have lots of functions returning a <code>const T*</code> for some
+wrapped <code>T</code>, you may want to provide an automatic
+<code>to_python</code> conversion function so you don't have to write lots of
+thin wrappers. You can do this simply as follows:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
+  PyObject* to_python(const Foo* p) {
+     return to_python(*p); // convert const Foo* in terms of const Foo&
+  }
+BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<h4>If you can't (afford to) copy the referent, or the pointer is non-const</h4>
+
+<p>If the wrapped type doesn't have a public copy constructor, if copying is
+<i>extremely</i> costly (remember, we're dealing with Python here), or if the
+pointer is non-const and you really need to be able to modify the referent from
+Python, you can use the following dangerous trick. Why dangerous? Because python
+can not control the lifetime of the referent, so it may be destroyed by your C++
+code before the last Python reference to it disappears:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
+  PyObject* to_python(Foo* p)
+  {
+      return boost::python::python_extension_class_converters&lt;Foo&gt;::smart_ptr_to_python(p);
+  }
+
+  PyObject* to_python(const Foo* p)
+  {
+      return to_python(const_cast&lt;Foo*&gt;(p));
+  }
+BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+This will cause the Foo* to be treated as though it were an owning smart
+pointer, even though it's not. Be sure you don't use the reference for anything
+from Python once the pointer becomes invalid, though. Don't worry too much about
+the <code>const_cast&lt;&gt;</code> above: Const-correctness is completely lost
+to Python anyway!
+
+<h3>[In/]Out Parameters and Immutable Types</h3>
+
+<p>If you have an interface that uses non-const pointers (or references) as
+in/out parameters to types which in Python are immutable (e.g. int, string),
+there simply is <i>no way</i> to get the same interface in Python. You must
+resort to transforming your interface with simple thin wrappers as shown below:
+<blockquote><pre>
+const void f(int* in_out_x); // original function
+const int f_wrapper(int in_x) { f(in_x); return in_x; }
+  ...
+my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>Of course, [in/]out parameters commonly occur only when there is already a
+return value. You can handle this case by returning a Python tuple:
+<blockquote><pre>
+typedef unsigned ErrorCode;
+const char* f(int* in_out_x); // original function
+ ...
+#include &lt;boost/python/objects.hpp&gt;
+const boost::python::tuple f_wrapper(int in_x) { 
+  const char* s = f(in_x); 
+  return boost::python::tuple(s, in_x);
+}
+  ...
+my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>Now, in Python:
+<blockquote><pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; str,out_x = f(3)
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+         Previous: <a href="enums.html">Enums</a>
+         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
+        for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+    </div>
+

doc/richcmp.html

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+
+<title>Rich Comparisons</title>
+
+<div>
+
+<img src="../../../c++boost.gif"
+     alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+     align="center"
+     width="277" height="86">
+
+<hr>
+<h1>Rich Comparisons</h1>
+
+<hr>
+In Python versions up to and including Python 2.0, support for
+implementing comparisons on user-defined classes and extension types
+was quite simple. Classes could implement a <tt>__cmp__</tt> method
+that was given two instances of a class as arguments, and could only
+return <tt>0</tt> if they were equal or <tt>+1</tt> or <tt>-1</tt> if
+they were not. The method could not raise an exception or return
+anything other than an integer value.
+In Python 2.1, <b>Rich Comparisons</b> were added (see
+<a href="http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/pep-0207.html">PEP 207</a>).
+Python classes can now individually overload each of the &lt;, &lt;=,
+&gt;, &gt;=, ==, and != operations.
+
+<p>
+For more detailed information, search for "rich comparison"
+<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/customization.html"
+>here</a>.
+
+<p>
+Boost.Python supports both automatic overloading and manual overloading
+of the Rich Comparison operators. The <b>compile-time</b> support is
+independent of the Python version that is used when compiling
+Boost.Python extension modules. That is, <tt>op_lt</tt> for example can
+always be used, and the C++ <tt>operator&lt;</tt> will always be bound
+to the Python method <tt>__lt__</tt>. However, the <b>run-time</b>
+behavior will depend on the Python version.
+
+<p>
+With Python versions before 2.1, the Rich Comparison operators will not
+be called by Python when any of the six comparison operators
+(<tt>&lt;</tt>, <tt>&lt;=</tt>, <tt>==</tt>, <tt>!=</tt>,
+<tt>&gt;</tt>, <tt>&gt;=</tt>) is used in an expression. The only way
+to access the corresponding methods is to call them explicitly, e.g.
+<tt>a.__lt__(b)</tt>. Only with Python versions 2.1 or higher will
+expressions like <tt>a &lt; b</tt> work as expected.
+
+<p>
+To support Rich Comparisions, the Python C API was modified between
+Python versions 2.0 and 2.1. A new slot was introduced in the
+<tt>PyTypeObject</tt> structure: <tt>tp_richcompare</tt>. For backwards
+compatibility, a flag (<tt>Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE</tt>) has to be
+set to signal to the Python interpreter that Rich Comparisions are
+supported by a particular type.
+There is only one flag for all the six comparison operators.
+When any of the six operators is wrapped automatically or
+manually, Boost.Python will set this flag. Attempts to use comparison
+operators at the Python level that are not defined at the C++ level
+will then lead to an <tt>AttributeError</tt> when the Python 2.1
+(or higher) interpreter tries, e.g., <tt>a.__lt__(b)</tt>. That
+is, in general all six operators should be supplied. Automatically
+wrapped operators and manually wrapped operators can be mixed. For
+example:<pre>
+    boost::python::class_builder&lt;code&gt; py_code(this_module, "code");
+
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int&gt;());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(  boost::python::op_eq
+                                          | boost::python::op_ne)&gt;());
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__lt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__le__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__gt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__ge__");
+</pre>
+
+<tt>NotImplemented</tt> is a simple free function that (currently) has
+to be provided by the user. For example:<pre>
+  boost::python::ref
+  NotImplemented(const code&amp;, const code&amp;) {
+    return
+    boost::python::ref(Py_NotImplemented, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+  }
+</pre>
+
+See also:
+<ul>
+<li><a href="../example/richcmp1.cpp"><tt>../example/richcmp1.cpp</tt></a>
+<li><a href="../example/richcmp2.cpp"><tt>../example/richcmp2.cpp</tt></a>
+<li><a href="../example/richcmp3.cpp"><tt>../example/richcmp3.cpp</tt></a>
+</ul>
+
+<hr>
+&copy; Copyright Nicholas K. Sauter &amp; Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2001.
+Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document is
+granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies. This
+document is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty, and
+with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+<p>
+Updated: July 2001
+
+</div>

doc/special.html

@@ -0,0 +1,944 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
+    <title>
+      Special Method and Operator Support
+    </title>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="middle" src= 
+        "../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Special Method and
+        Operator Support
+      </h1>
+      <h2>
+         Overview
+      </h2>
+      <p>
+         Boost.Python supports all of the standard <a href=
+        "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
+        special method names</a> supported by real Python class instances <em>
+        except</em> <code>__complex__</code> (more on the reasons <a href=
+        "#reasons">below</a>). In addition, it can quickly and easily expose
+        suitable C++ functions and operators as Python operators. The following
+        categories of special method names are supported:
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#general">Basic Customization</a>
+<li><a href="#numeric">Numeric Operators</a>
+<li><a href="#sequence_and_mapping">Sequence and Mapping protocols</a>
+<li><a href="#getter_setter">Attribute Getters and Setters</a>
+</ul>
+
+<h2><a name="general">Basic Customization</a></h2>
+
+
+<p>
+      Python provides a number of special operators for basic customization of a
+      class. Only a brief description is provided below; more complete
+      documentation can be found <a
+      href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/customization.html">here</a>.
+
+      <dl>
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__init__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
+        <dd>
+          Initialize the class instance. For extension classes not subclassed in
+          Python, <code> __init__</code> is defined by 
+          
+          <pre>    my_class.def(boost::python::constructor<...>())</pre> 
+          
+          (see section <a href="example1.html">"A Simple Example Using Boost.Python"</a>).<p>
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__del__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
+        <dd>
+          Called when the extension instance is about to be destroyed. For extension classes 
+          not subclassed in Python, <code> __del__</code> is always defined automatically by 
+          means of the class' destructor.
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__repr__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
+        <dd>
+          Create a string representation from which the object can be
+          reconstructed.
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__str__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
+        <dd>
+          Create a string representation which is suitable for printing.
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__lt__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__le__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__eq__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__ne__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__gt__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__ge__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dd>
+	  Rich Comparison methods.
+          New in Python 2.1.
+          See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>.
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__cmp__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
+        <dd>
+	  Three-way compare function.
+          See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>.
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__hash__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
+        <dd>
+          Called for the key object for dictionary operations, and by the
+          built-in function hash(). Should return a 32-bit integer usable as a
+          hash value for dictionary operations (only allowed if __cmp__ is also
+          defined)
+        <dt>
+          <b><tt class='method'>__nonzero__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
+        <dd>
+          called if the object is used as a truth value (e.g. in an if
+          statement)
+        <dt>
+        <b><tt class='method'>__call__</tt></b> (<var>self</var><big>[</big><var>, args...</var><big>]</big>)
+<dd>
+Called when the instance is ``called'' as a function; if this method
+is defined, <code><var>x</var>(arg1, arg2, ...)</code> is a shorthand for
+<code><var>x</var>.__call__(arg1, arg2, ...)</code>.
+      </dl>
+
+      If we have a suitable C++ function that supports any of these features,
+      we can export it like any other function, using its Python special name.
+      For example, suppose that class <code>Foo</code> provides a string
+      conversion function: 
+<blockquote><pre>
+std::string to_string(Foo const&amp; f)
+{
+    std::ostringstream s;
+    s &lt;&lt; f;
+    return s.str();
+}
+</pre></blockquote>
+      This function would be wrapped like this: 
+<blockquote><pre>
+boost::python::class_builder&lt;Foo&gt; foo_class(my_module, "Foo");
+foo_class.def(&amp;to_string, "__str__");
+</pre></blockquote>
+      Note that Boost.Python also supports <em>automatic wrapping</em> of
+      <code>__str__</code> and <code>__cmp__</code>. This is explained in the <a
+      href="#numeric">next section</a> and the <a href="#numeric_table">Table of
+      Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>.
+
+<h2><a name="numeric">Numeric Operators</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+      Numeric operators can be exposed manually, by <code>def</code>ing C++
+      [member] functions that support the standard Python <a
+      href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/numeric-types.html">numeric
+      protocols</a>. This is the same basic technique used to expose
+      <code>to_string()</code> as <code>__str__()</code> above, and is <a
+      href="#numeric_manual">covered in detail below</a>.  Boost.Python also supports
+      <i>automatic wrapping</i> of numeric operators whenever they have already
+      been defined in C++.
+
+<h3><a name="numeric_auto">Exposing C++ Operators Automatically</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Supose we wanted to expose a C++ class
+      <code>BigNum</code> which supports addition. That is, in C++ we can write:
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum a, b, c;
+...
+c = a + b;
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>
+      To enable the same functionality in Python, we first wrap the <code>
+      BigNum</code> class as usual: 
+<blockquote><pre>
+boost::python::class_builder&lt;BigNum&gt; bignum_class(my_module, "BigNum");
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
+...
+</pre></blockquote>
+      Then we export the addition operator like this: 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;());
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      Since BigNum also supports subtraction, multiplication, and division, we
+      want to export those also. This can be done in a single command by
+      ``or''ing the operator identifiers together (a complete list of these
+      identifiers and the corresponding operators can be found in the <a href= 
+      "#numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>):
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(boost::python::op_sub | boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_div)&gt;());
+</pre></blockquote>
+      [Note that the or-expression must be enclosed in parentheses.]
+
+<p>This form of operator definition can be used to wrap unary and
+      homogeneous binary operators (a <i>homogeneous</i> operator has left and
+      right operands of the same type). Now suppose that our C++ library also
+      supports addition of BigNums and plain integers:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum a, b;
+int i;
+...
+a = b + i;
+a = i + b;
+</pre></blockquote>
+      To wrap these heterogeneous operators, we need to specify a different type for
+      one of the operands. This is done using the <code>right_operand</code>
+      and <code>left_operand</code> templates: 
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;(), boost::python::right_operand&lt;int&gt;());
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;(), boost::python::left_operand&lt;int&gt;());
+</pre></blockquote>
+      Boost.Python uses overloading to register several variants of the same
+      operation (more on this in the context of <a href="#coercion">
+      coercion</a>). Again, several operators can be exported at once: 
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(boost::python::op_sub | boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_div)&gt;(),
+                 boost::python::right_operand&lt;int&gt;());
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(boost::python::op_sub | boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_div)&gt;(), 
+                 boost::python::left_operand&lt;int&gt;());
+</pre></blockquote>
+      The type of the operand not mentioned is taken from the class being wrapped. In
+      our example, the class object is <code>bignum_class</code>, and thus the
+      other operand's type is ``<code>BigNum const&amp;</code>''. You can override
+      this default by explicitly specifying a type in the <code>
+      operators</code> template: 
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add, BigNum&gt;(), boost::python::right_operand&lt;int&gt;());
+</pre></blockquote>
+      <p>
+        Note that automatic wrapping uses the <em>expression</em>
+        ``<code>left + right</code>'' and can be used uniformly
+        regardless of whether the C++ operators are supplied as free functions
+
+ <blockquote><pre>
+BigNum operator+(BigNum, BigNum)
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+        or as member functions
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum::operator+(BigNum).
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      <p>
+        For the Python built-in functions <code>pow()</code> and
+        <code>abs()</code>, there is no corresponding C++ operator. Instead,
+        automatic wrapping attempts to wrap C++ functions of the same name. This
+        only works if those functions are known in namespace
+        <code>python</code>.  On some compilers (e.g. MSVC) it might be
+        necessary to add a using declaration prior to wrapping:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+namespace boost { namespace python { 
+  using my_namespace::pow;
+  using my_namespace::abs;
+}
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<h3><a name="numeric_manual">Wrapping Numeric Operators Manually</a></h3>
+      <p>
+        In some cases, automatic wrapping of operators may be impossible or
+        undesirable. Suppose, for example, that the modulo operation for BigNums
+        is defined by a set of functions called <code>mod()</code>:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum mod(BigNum const&amp; left, BigNum const&amp; right);
+BigNum mod(BigNum const&amp; left, int right);
+BigNum mod(int left, BigNum const&amp; right);
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+     <p>
+        For automatic wrapping of the modulo function, <code>operator%()</code> would be needed.
+        Therefore, the <code>mod()</code>-functions must be wrapped manually. That is, we have 
+        to export them explicitly with the Python special name "__mod__":
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def((BigNum (*)(BigNum const&amp;, BigNum const&amp;))&amp;mod, "__mod__");
+bignum_class.def((BigNum (*)(BigNum const&amp;, int))&amp;mod, "__mod__");
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+      The third form of <code>mod()</code> (with <code>int</code> as left operand) cannot 
+      be wrapped directly. We must first create a function <code>rmod()</code> with the
+      operands reversed: 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum rmod(BigNum const&amp; right, int left)
+{
+    return mod(left, right);
+}
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      This function must be wrapped under the name "__rmod__" (standing for "reverse mod"): 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def(&amp;rmod,  "__rmod__");
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      Many of the possible operator names can be found in the <a href=
+      "#numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>. Special treatment is
+      necessary to export the <a href="#ternary_pow">ternary pow</a> operator.
+
+      <p>
+        Automatic and manual wrapping can be mixed arbitrarily. Note that you
+        cannot overload the same operator for a given extension class on both
+        ``<code>int</code>'' and ``<code>float</code>'', because Python implicitly
+        converts these types into each other. Thus, the overloaded variant
+        found first (be it ``<code>int</code>`` or ``<code>float</code>'') will be
+        used for either of the two types.
+
+<h3><a name="coercion">Coercion</a></h3>
+
+
+      Plain Python can only execute operators with identical types on the left
+      and right hand side. If it encounters an expression where the types of
+      the left and right operand differ, it tries to coerce these types to a
+      common type before invoking the actual operator. Implementing good
+      coercion functions can be difficult if many type combinations must be
+      supported. 
+      <p>
+        Boost.Python solves this problem the same way that C++ does: with <em><a
+        href="overloading.html">overloading</a></em>. This technique drastically
+        simplifies the code neccessary to support operators: you just register
+        operators for all desired type combinations, and Boost.Python automatically
+        ensures that the correct function is called in each case; there is no
+        need for user-defined coercion functions. To enable operator
+        overloading, Boost.Python provides a standard coercion which is <em>implicitly
+        registered</em> whenever automatic operator wrapping is used.
+      <p>
+        If you wrap all operator functions manually, but still want to use
+        operator overloading, you have to register the standard coercion
+        function explicitly:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+// this is not necessary if automatic operator wrapping is used
+bignum_class.def_standard_coerce();
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      If you encounter a situation where you absolutely need a customized
+      coercion, you can still define the "__coerce__" operator manually. The signature
+      of a coercion function should look like one of the following (the first is
+      the safest):
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+boost::python::tuple custom_coerce(boost::python::reference left, boost::python::reference right);
+boost::python::tuple custom_coerce(PyObject* left, PyObject* right);
+PyObject* custom_coerce(PyObject* left, PyObject* right);
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      The resulting <code>tuple</code> must contain two elements which
+      represent the values of <code>left</code> and <code>right</code>
+      converted to the same type. Such a function is wrapped as usual: 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+// this must be called before any use of automatic operator  
+// wrapping or a call to some_class.def_standard_coerce()
+some_class.def(&amp;custom_coerce, "__coerce__");
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+     Note that the standard coercion (defined by use of automatic 
+     operator wrapping on a <code>class_builder</code> or a call to
+     <code>class_builder::def_standard_coerce()</code>) will never be applied if
+     a custom coercion function has been registered. Therefore, in 
+     your coercion function you should call 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+boost::python::standard_coerce(left, right);
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+     for all cases that you don't want to handle yourself.
+
+<h3><a name="ternary_pow">The Ternary <code>pow()</code> Operator</a></h3>
+
+    <p>
+      In addition to the usual binary <code>pow(x, y)</code> operator (meaning
+      <i>x<sup>y</sup></i>), Python also provides a ternary variant that implements
+      <i>x<sup>y</sup> <b>mod</b> z</i>, presumably using a more efficient algorithm than
+      concatenation of power and modulo operators. Automatic operator wrapping
+      can only be used with the binary variant. Ternary <code>pow()</code> must
+      always be wrapped manually. For a homgeneous ternary <code>pow()</code>,
+      this is done as usual: 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum power(BigNum const&amp; first, BigNum const&amp; second, BigNum const&amp; modulus);
+typedef BigNum (ternary_function1)(const BigNum&amp;, const BigNum&amp;, const BigNum&amp;);
+...
+bignum_class.def((ternary_function1)&amp;power,  "__pow__");
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      If you want to support this function with non-uniform argument
+      types, wrapping is a little more involved. Suppose you have to wrap: 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum power(BigNum const&amp; first, int second, int modulus);
+BigNum power(int first, BigNum const&amp; second, int modulus);
+BigNum power(int first, int second, BigNum const&amp; modulus);
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      The first variant can be wrapped as usual: 
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+typedef BigNum (ternary_function2)(const BigNum&amp;, int, int);
+bignum_class.def((ternary_function2)&amp;power,  "__pow__");
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      In the second variant, however, <code>BigNum</code> appears only as second
+      argument, and in the last one it's the third argument. These functions
+      must be presented to Boost.Python such that that the <code>BigNum</code>
+      argument appears in first position:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+BigNum rpower(BigNum const&amp; second, int first, int modulus)
+{
+    return power(first, second, modulus);
+}
+
+BigNum rrpower(BigNum const&amp; modulus, int first, int second)
+{
+    return power(first, second, modulus);
+}
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>These functions must be wrapped under the names "__rpow__" and "__rrpow__"
+ respectively:
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+bignum_class.def((ternary_function2)&amp;rpower,  "__rpow__");
+bignum_class.def((ternary_function2)&amp;rrpower,  "__rrpow__");
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+Note that "__rrpow__" is an extension not present in plain Python. 
+
+<h2><a name="numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a></h2>
+      <p>
+         Boost.Python can automatically wrap the following <a href=
+         "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
+         special methods</a>:
+
+      <p>
+      <table summary="special numeric methods" cellpadding="5" border="1"
+      width="100%">
+        <tr>
+          <td align="center">
+            <b>Python Operator Name</b>
+          <td align="center">
+            <b>Python Expression</b>
+          <td align="center">
+            <b>C++ Operator Id</b>
+          <td align="center">
+            <b>C++ Expression Used For Automatic Wrapping</b><br>
+             with <code>cpp_left = from_python(left,
+            type&lt;Left&gt;())</code>,<br>
+             <code>cpp_right = from_python(right,
+            type&lt;Right&gt;())</code>,<br>
+             and <code>cpp_oper = from_python(oper, type&lt;Oper&gt;())</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__add__, __radd__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left + right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_add</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left + cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__sub__, __rsub__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left - right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_sub</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left - cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__mul__, __rmul__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left * right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_mul</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left * cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__div__, __rdiv__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left / right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_div</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left / cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__mod__, __rmod__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left % right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_mod</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left % cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__divmod__, __rdivmod__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>(quotient, remainder)<br>
+            = divmod(left, right)</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_divmod</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left / cpp_right</code>
+        <br><code>cpp_left % cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__pow__, __rpow__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>pow(left, right)</code><br>
+             (binary power)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_pow</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>pow(cpp_left, cpp_right)</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__rrpow__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>pow(left, right, modulo)</code><br>
+             (ternary power modulo)
+          <td colspan="2">
+            no automatic wrapping, <a href="#ternary_pow">special treatment</a>
+            required
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__lshift__, __rlshift__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left &lt;&lt; right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_lshift</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left &lt;&lt; cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__rshift__, __rrshift__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left &gt;&gt; right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_rshift</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left &gt;&gt; cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__and__, __rand__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left &amp; right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_and</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left &amp; cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__xor__, __rxor__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left ^ right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_xor</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left ^ cpp_right</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__or__, __ror__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>left | right</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>op_or</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left | cpp_right</code>
+
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__cmp__, __rcmp__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cmp(left, right)</code><br>
+            <br>See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>.
+          <td>
+            <code>op_cmp</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>cpp_left &lt; cpp_right </code>
+        <br><code>cpp_right &lt; cpp_left</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+                <code>__lt__</code>
+            <br><code>__le__</code>
+            <br><code>__eq__</code>
+            <br><code>__ne__</code>
+            <br><code>__gt__</code>
+            <br><code>__ge__</code>
+          <td>
+                <code>left &lt; right</code>
+            <br><code>left &lt;= right</code>
+            <br><code>left == right</code>
+            <br><code>left != right</code>
+            <br><code>left &gt; right</code>
+            <br><code>left &gt;= right</code>
+            <br>See <a href="richcmp.html">Rich Comparisons</a>
+          <td>
+                <code>op_lt</code>
+            <br><code>op_le</code>
+            <br><code>op_eq</code>
+            <br><code>op_ne</code>
+            <br><code>op_gt</code>
+            <br><code>op_ge</code>
+          <td>
+                <code>cpp_left &lt; cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left &lt;= cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left == cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left != cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left &gt; cpp_right </code>
+            <br><code>cpp_left &gt;= cpp_right </code>
+
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__neg__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>-oper </code> (unary negation)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_neg</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>-cpp_oper</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__pos__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>+oper </code> (identity)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_pos</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>+cpp_oper</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__abs__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>abs(oper) </code> (absolute value)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_abs</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>abs(cpp_oper)</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__invert__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>~oper </code> (bitwise inversion)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_invert</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>~cpp_oper</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__int__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>int(oper) </code> (integer conversion)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_int</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>long(cpp_oper)</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__long__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>long(oper) </code><br>
+             (infinite precision integer conversion)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_long</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>PyLong_FromLong(cpp_oper)</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__float__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>float(oper) </code> (float conversion)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_float</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>double(cpp_oper)</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__str__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>str(oper) </code> (string conversion)
+          <td>
+            <code>op_str</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>std::ostringstream s; s &lt;&lt; oper;</code>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <code>__coerce__</code>
+          <td>
+            <code>coerce(left, right)</code>
+          <td colspan="2">
+            usually defined automatically, otherwise <a href="#coercion">
+            special treatment</a> required
+      </table>
+
+<h2><a name="sequence_and_mapping">Sequence and Mapping Operators</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+      Sequence and mapping operators let wrapped objects behave in accordance
+      to Python's iteration and access protocols. These protocols differ
+      considerably from the ones found in C++. For example, Python's typical
+      iteration idiom looks like
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+for i in S:
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+      while in C++ one writes
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+for (iterator i = S.begin(), end = S.end(); i != end; ++i)
+</pre></blockquote>
+
+<p>One could try to wrap C++ iterators in order to carry the C++ idiom into
+      Python. However, this does not work very well because 
+
+<ol>
+<li>It leads to
+      non-uniform Python code (wrapped sequences support a usage different from 
+      Python built-in sequences) and 
+
+<li>Iterators (e.g. <code>std::vector::iterator</code>) are often implemented as plain C++
+      pointers which are <a href="pointers.html#problem">problematic</a> for any automatic
+      wrapping system.
+</ol>
+
+      <p>
+        It is a better idea to support the standard <a
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">Python
+        sequence and mapping protocols</a> for your wrapped containers. These
+        operators have to be wrapped manually because there are no corresponding
+        C++ operators that could be used for automatic wrapping. The Python
+        documentation lists the relevant <a href=
+        "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">
+        container operators</a>. In particular, expose __getitem__, __setitem__
+        and remember to raise the appropriate Python exceptions
+        (<code>PyExc_IndexError</code> for sequences,
+        <code>PyExc_KeyError</code> for mappings) when the requested item is not
+        present.
+
+      <p>
+        In the following example, we expose <code>std::map&lt;std::size_t,std::string&gt;</code>:
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+typedef std::map&lt;std::size_t, std::string&gt; StringMap;
+
+// A helper function for dealing with errors. Throw a Python exception
+// if p == m.end().
+void throw_key_error_if_end(
+        const StringMap&amp; m, 
+        StringMap::const_iterator p, 
+        std::size_t key)
+{
+    if (p == m.end())
+    {
+        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, boost::python::converters::to_python(key));
+        throw boost::python::error_already_set();
+    }
+}
+
+// Define some simple wrapper functions which match the Python  protocol
+// for __getitem__, __setitem__, and __delitem__.  Just as in Python, a
+// free function with a ``self'' first parameter makes a fine class method.
+
+const std::string&amp; get_item(const StringMap&amp; self, std::size_t key)
+{
+    const StringMap::const_iterator p = self.find(key);
+    throw_key_error_if_end(self, p, key);
+    return p-&gt;second;
+}
+
+// Sets the item corresponding to key in the map.
+void StringMapPythonClass::set_item(StringMap&amp; self, std::size_t key, const std::string&amp; value)
+{
+    self[key] = value;
+}
+
+// Deletes the item corresponding to key from the map.
+void StringMapPythonClass::del_item(StringMap&amp; self, std::size_t key)
+{
+    const StringMap::iterator p = self.find(key);
+    throw_key_error_if_end(self, p, key);
+    self.erase(p);
+}
+
+class_builder&lt;StringMap&gt; string_map(my_module, "StringMap");
+string_map.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
+string_map.def(&amp;StringMap::size, "__len__");
+string_map.def(get_item, "__getitem__");
+string_map.def(set_item, "__setitem__");
+string_map.def(del_item, "__delitem__");
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+      <p>
+         Then in Python:
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m = StringMap()
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1]
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
+KeyError: 1
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1] = 'hello'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1]
+'hello'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; del m[1]
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1]            # prove that it's gone
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
+KeyError: 1
+&gt;&gt;&gt; del m[2]
+Traceback (innermost last):
+  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
+KeyError: 2
+&gt;&gt;&gt; len(m)
+0
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[0] = 'zero'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1] = 'one'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[2] = 'two'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; m[3] = 'three'
+&gt;&gt;&gt; len(m)
+4
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+
+<h2><a name="getter_setter">Customized Attribute Access</a></h2>
+
+      <p>
+        Just like built-in Python classes, Boost.Python extension classes support <a
+        href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ref/attribute-access.html">special
+        the usual attribute access methods</a> <code>__getattr__</code>,
+        <code>__setattr__</code>, and <code>__delattr__</code>.
+        Because writing these functions can
+        be tedious in the common case where the attributes being accessed are
+        known statically, Boost.Python checks the special names
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>
+          <code>__getattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code>
+        <li>
+          <code>__setattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code>
+        <li>
+          <code>__delattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code>
+      </ul>
+
+      to provide functional access to the attribute <em>&lt;name&gt;</em>. This
+      facility can be used from C++ or entirely from Python. For example, the
+      following shows how we can implement a ``computed attribute'' in Python: 
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; class Range(AnyBoost.PythonExtensionClass):
+...    def __init__(self, start, end):
+...        self.start = start
+...        self.end = end
+...    def __getattr__length__(self):
+...        return self.end - self.start
+...
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x = Range(3, 9)
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.length
+6
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+      <h4>
+         Direct Access to Data Members
+      </h4>
+      <p>
+         Boost.Python uses the special <code>
+        __xxxattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code> functionality described above
+        to allow direct access to data members through the following special
+        functions on <code>class_builder&lt;&gt;</code> and <code>
+        extension_class&lt;&gt;</code>:
+      <ul>
+        <li>
+          <code>def_getter(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>name</em>)</code> //
+          read access to the member via attribute <em>name</em>
+        <li>
+          <code>def_setter(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>name</em>)</code> //
+          write access to the member via attribute <em>name</em>
+        <li>
+          <code>def_readonly(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>name</em>)</code>
+          // read-only access to the member via attribute <em>name</em>
+        <li>
+          <code>def_read_write(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>
+          name</em>)</code> // read/write access to the member via attribute
+          <em>name</em>
+      </ul>
+      <p>
+         Note that the first two functions, used alone, may produce surprising
+        behavior. For example, when <code>def_getter()</code> is used, the
+        default functionality for <code>setattr()</code> and <code>
+        delattr()</code> remains in effect, operating on items in the extension
+        instance's name-space (i.e., its <code>__dict__</code>). For that
+        reason, you'll usually want to stick with <code>def_readonly</code> and
+        <code>def_read_write</code>.
+      <p>
+         For example, to expose a <code>std::pair&lt;int,long&gt;</code> we
+        might write:
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+typedef std::pair&lt;int,long&gt; Pil;
+int first(const Pil&amp; x) { return x.first; }
+long second(const Pil&amp; x) { return x.second; }
+   ...
+my_module.def(first, "first");
+my_module.def(second, "second");
+
+class_builder&lt;Pil&gt; pair_int_long(my_module, "Pair");
+pair_int_long.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
+pair_int_long.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int,long&gt;());
+pair_int_long.def_read_write(&amp;Pil::first, "first");
+pair_int_long.def_read_write(&amp;Pil::second, "second");
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+      <p>
+         Now your Python class has attributes <code>first</code> and <code>
+        second</code> which, when accessed, actually modify or reflect the
+        values of corresponding data members of the underlying C++ object. Now
+        in Python:
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x = Pair(3,5)
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.first
+3
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.second
+5
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.second = 8
+&gt;&gt;&gt; x.second
+8
+&gt;&gt;&gt; second(x) # Prove that we're not just changing the instance __dict__
+8
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+      <h2>
+        <a name="reasons">And what about <code>__complex__</code>?</a>
+      </h2>
+      <p>
+        That, dear reader, is one problem we don't know how to solve. The
+        Python source contains the following fragment, indicating the
+        special-case code really is hardwired:
+      <blockquote>
+<pre>
+/* XXX Hack to support classes with __complex__ method */
+if (PyInstance_Check(r)) { ...
+</pre>
+      </blockquote>
+      <p>
+Next: <a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
+Previous: <a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a> 
+Up: <a href= "index.html">Top</a>
+      <p>
+         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams and Ullrich K&ouml;the 2000.
+        Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document is
+        granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies. This
+        document is provided ``as is'' without express or implied
+        warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+      <p>
+         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+    </div>
+

doc/under-the-hood.html

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+    <title>
+      A Peek Under the Hood
+    </title>
+    <h1>
+      <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center"
+      width="277" height="86">
+    </h1>
+    <h1>
+      A Peek Under the Hood
+    </h1>
+    <p>
+      Declaring a <code>class_builder&lt;T&gt;</code> causes the instantiation
+      of an <code>extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code> to which it forwards all
+      member function calls and which is doing most of the real work.
+      <code>extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code> is a subclass of <code>
+      PyTypeObject</code>, the <code> struct</code> which Python's 'C' API uses
+      to describe a type. <a href="example1.html#world_class">An instance of the
+      <code>extension_class&lt;&gt;</code></a> becomes the Python type object
+      corresponding to <code>hello::world</code>. When we <a href=
+      "example1.html#add_world_class">add it to the module</a> it goes into the
+      module's dictionary to be looked up under the name "world".
+    <p>
+      Boost.Python uses C++'s template argument deduction mechanism to determine the
+      types of arguments to functions (except constructors, for which we must
+      <a href="example1.html#Constructor_example">provide an argument list</a>
+      because they can't be named in C++). Then, it calls the appropriate
+      overloaded functions <code>PyObject*
+      to_python(</code><em>S</em><code>)</code> and <em>
+      S'</em><code>from_python(PyObject*,
+      type&lt;</code><em>S</em><code>&gt;)</code> which convert between any C++
+      type <em>S</em> and a <code>PyObject*</code>, the type which represents a
+      reference to any Python object in its 'C' API. The <a href= 
+      "example1.html#world_class"><code>extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code></a>
+      template defines a whole raft of these conversions (for <code>T, T*,
+      T&amp;, std::auto_ptr&lt;T&gt;</code>, etc.), using the same inline
+      friend function technique employed by <a href="../../utility/operators.htm">the boost operators
+      library</a>.
+    <p>
+      Because the <code>to_python</code> and <code>from_python</code> functions
+      for a user-defined class are defined by <code>
+      extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code>, it is important that an instantiation of
+      <code> extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code> is visible to any code which wraps
+      a C++ function with a <code>T, T*, const T&amp;</code>, etc. parameter or
+      return value. In particular, you may want to create all of the classes at
+      the top of your module's init function, then <code>def</code> the member
+      functions later to avoid problems with inter-class dependencies.
+    <p>
+      Next: <a href="building.html">Building a Module with Boost.Python</a>
+      Previous: <a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
+      Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
+    <p>
+      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
+      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+      any purpose.
+    <p>
+      Updated: Nov 26, 2000
+

example/README

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+To get started with the Boost Python Library, use the examples
+getting_started1.cpp and getting_started2.cpp.
+
+Examples for providing pickle support can be found in:
+  pickle1.cpp
+  pickle2.cpp
+  pickle3.cpp
+See also: libs/python/doc/pickle.html
+
+Other advanced concepts are introduced by:
+  abstract.cpp
+  simple_vector.cpp
+  do_it_yourself_convts.cpp
+
+Examples for the cross-module support are provided by:
+  noncopyable_export.cpp
+  noncopyable_import.cpp
+  dvect.cpp
+  ivect.cpp
+See also: libs/python/doc/cross_module.html
+
+The files example1.cpp and rwgk1.cpp are obsolete. They are only
+included because the Visual Studio project in the build directory still
+refers to them.

example/abstract.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Example by Ullrich Koethe
+#include "boost/python/class_builder.hpp"
+#include <string>
+
+struct Abstract
+{
+    virtual std::string test() = 0;
+};
+
+struct Abstract_callback: Abstract
+{
+    Abstract_callback(PyObject * self)
+    : m_self(self)
+    {}
+
+    std::string test()
+    {
+      return boost::python::callback<std::string>::call_method(m_self, "test");
+    }
+
+    PyObject * m_self;
+};
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(abstract)
+{
+    boost::python::module_builder a("abstract");
+
+    boost::python::class_builder<Abstract, Abstract_callback>
+        a_class(a, "Abstract");
+    a_class.def(boost::python::constructor<>()); // wrap a constructor
+    a_class.def(&Abstract::test, "test");
+}

example/do_it_yourself_convts.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+/*
+
+   This example shows how to convert a class from and to native
+   Python objects, such as tuples.
+
+   We do not want to expose the helper class MillerIndex as an
+   Extension Class. However, in order to simplify the wrapper code,
+   we want to define from_python() and to_python() functions for
+   class MillerIndex.
+
+   Consider the alternatives:
+
+     - Expose MillerIndex as an Extension Class.
+         We need a constructor MillerIndex(python::tuple).
+         Python function calls become more complex:
+           foo(MillerIndex((1,2,3)) instead of foo((1,2,3))
+         We need a method such as MillerIndex().as_tuple().
+
+     - Define a wrapper function for each function that we
+       want to expose, e.g.:
+          void add(const IndexingSet& ixset, const python::tuple PyMIx)
+
+   The first alternative introduces a new type that the user has to
+   deal with. Other modules using Miller indices might organize them in
+   different ways, for example to increase runtime efficiency for
+   important procedures. This means, the user has to know how to
+   convert between the different kinds of Miller index representations.
+   This can quickly become a nuisance. Relying on native Python data
+   structures minimizes the number of special types the user has to
+   learn and convert. Of course, this argument is only valid for
+   small and relatively simply classes.
+
+   If there are many member functions with MillerIndex arguments, the
+   second alternative is impractical, and concentrating the conversion
+   mechanism in one central place is essential for code
+   maintainability.  An added benefit is that more convenient (smarter)
+   conversion functions can be provided without cluttering the rest of
+   the wrapper code.
+
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // The helper class.
+  //
+  class MillerIndex {
+    public:
+      int v[3];
+  };
+
+  // The main class. Imagine that there are MANY member functions
+  // like add() and get().
+  //
+  class IndexingSet {
+    private:
+      std::vector<MillerIndex> VMIx;
+    public:
+      void add(const MillerIndex& MIx) { VMIx.push_back(MIx); }
+      MillerIndex get(std::size_t i) const { return VMIx[i]; }
+  };
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+
+  // Convert a Python tuple to a MillerIndex object.
+  //
+  MillerIndex from_python(PyObject* p, python::type<const MillerIndex&>)
+  {
+    python::tuple tup
+      = python::tuple(python::ref(p, python::ref::increment_count));
+    if (tup.size() != 3) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+        "expecting exactly 3 values in tuple.");
+      throw python::error_already_set();
+    }
+    MillerIndex result;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+      result.v[i] = from_python(tup[i].get(), python::type<int>());
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Similar conversion for MillerIndex objects passed by value.
+  // Not actually used, but included to show the principle.
+  //
+  MillerIndex from_python(PyObject* p, python::type<MillerIndex>)
+  {
+    return from_python(p, python::type<const MillerIndex&>());
+  }
+
+  // Convert a MillerIndex object to a Python tuple.
+  //
+  PyObject* to_python(const MillerIndex& hkl)
+  {
+    python::tuple result(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+      result.set_item(i, python::ref(to_python(hkl.v[i])));
+    return result.reference().release();
+  }
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(do_it_yourself_convts)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("do_it_yourself_convts");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<IndexingSet> ixset_class(this_module, "IndexingSet");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    ixset_class.def(python::constructor<>());
+    // Add the member functions.
+    ixset_class.def(&IndexingSet::add, "add");
+    ixset_class.def(&IndexingSet::get, "get");
+}

example/dvect.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include "dvect.h"
+#include "ivect.h"
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace {
+
+# include "dvect_conversions.cpp"
+# include "ivect_conversions.cpp"
+
+  vects::ivect dvect_as_ivect(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    vects::ivect iv(dv.size());
+    vects::ivect::iterator iviter = iv.begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < dv.size(); i++) iviter[i] = static_cast<int>(dv[i]);
+    return iv;
+  }
+}
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(dvect)
+{
+    python::module_builder this_module("dvect");
+
+    python::class_builder<vects::dvect> dvect_class(this_module, "dvect");
+    python::export_converters(dvect_class);
+
+    python::import_converters<vects::ivect> ivect_converters("ivect", "ivect");
+
+    dvect_class.def(python::constructor<python::tuple>());
+    dvect_class.def(&vects::dvect::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+    dvect_class.def(dvect_as_ivect, "as_ivect");
+
+# include "dvect_defs.cpp"
+# include "ivect_defs.cpp"
+}

example/dvect.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef DVECT_H
+#define DVECT_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace vects {
+
+  struct dvect : public std::vector<double>
+  {
+    dvect() : std::vector<double>() {}
+    dvect(std::size_t n) : std::vector<double>(n) {}
+    dvect(boost::python::tuple tuple) : std::vector<double>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<double>::iterator v_it = begin();
+      for (int i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        v_it[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          boost::python::type<double>());
+    }
+
+    boost::python::tuple as_tuple() const
+    {
+      boost::python::tuple t(size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python((*this)[i])));
+      return t;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif // DVECT_H

example/dvect_conversions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+  // basics first: const reference converters
+  boost::python::tuple const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    return dv.as_tuple();
+  }
+
+  // to_python smart pointer conversions
+  std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect> dvect_as_auto_ptr(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    return std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect>(new vects::dvect(dv));
+  }
+  boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect> dvect_as_shared_ptr(const vects::dvect& dv)
+  {
+    return boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect>(new vects::dvect(dv));
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by value
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect> dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect> dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by const reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(const std::auto_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(const boost::shared_ptr<vects::dvect>& dv)
+  {
+    if (dv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return dv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }

example/dvect_defs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+    this_module.def(dvect_as_auto_ptr, "dvect_as_auto_ptr");
+    this_module.def(dvect_as_shared_ptr, "dvect_as_shared_ptr");
+
+    this_module.def(const_dvect_reference_as_tuple, "const_dvect_reference_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple");

example/example1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace hello {
+  class world
+  {
+   public:
+      world(int) {}
+      ~world() {}
+      const char* get() const { return "hi, world"; }
+  };
+
+  size_t length(const world& x) { return strlen(x.get()); }
+}
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
+// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(hello)
+{
+    // create an object representing this extension module
+    boost::python::module_builder hello("hello");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class
+    boost::python::class_builder<hello::world> world_class(hello, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function
+    world_class.def(boost::python::constructor<int>());
+    // Add a regular member function
+    world_class.def(&hello::world::get, "get");
+
+    // Add a regular function to the module
+    hello.def(hello::length, "length");
+}
+
+// Win32 DLL boilerplate
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID)
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+#endif // _WIN32

example/getting_started1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
+  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
+  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
+}
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
+// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started1)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started1");
+
+    // Add regular functions to the module.
+    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
+    this_module.def(square, "square");
+}

example/getting_started2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class hello
+  {
+    public:
+      hello(const std::string& country) { this->country = country; }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+  };
+
+  // A function taking a hello object as an argument.
+  std::string invite(const hello& w) {
+    return w.greet() + "! Please come soon!";
+  }
+}
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(getting_started2)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("getting_started2");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<hello> hello_class(this_module, "hello");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    hello_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    hello_class.def(&hello::greet, "greet");
+
+    // Add invite() as a regular function to the module.
+    this_module.def(invite, "invite");
+
+    // Even better, invite() can also be made a member of hello_class!!!
+    hello_class.def(invite, "invite");
+}

example/ivect.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include "dvect.h"
+#include "ivect.h"
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace {
+
+# include "dvect_conversions.cpp"
+# include "ivect_conversions.cpp"
+
+  vects::dvect ivect_as_dvect(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    vects::dvect dv(iv.size());
+    vects::dvect::iterator dviter = dv.begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < iv.size(); i++) dviter[i] = static_cast<double>(iv[i]);
+    return dv;
+  }
+}
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(ivect)
+{
+    python::module_builder this_module("ivect");
+
+    python::class_builder<vects::ivect> ivect_class(this_module, "ivect");
+    python::export_converters(ivect_class);
+
+    python::import_converters<vects::dvect> dvect_converters("dvect", "dvect");
+
+    ivect_class.def(python::constructor<python::tuple>());
+    ivect_class.def(&vects::ivect::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+    ivect_class.def(ivect_as_dvect, "as_dvect");
+
+# include "dvect_defs.cpp"
+# include "ivect_defs.cpp"
+}
+

example/ivect.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef IVECT_H
+#define IVECT_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace vects {
+
+  struct ivect : public std::vector<int>
+  {
+    ivect() : std::vector<int>() {}
+    ivect(std::size_t n) : std::vector<int>(n) {}
+    ivect(boost::python::tuple tuple) : std::vector<int>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<int>::iterator v_it = begin();
+      for (int i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        v_it[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          boost::python::type<int>());
+    }
+
+    boost::python::tuple as_tuple() const
+    {
+      boost::python::tuple t(size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python((*this)[i])));
+      return t;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif // IVECT_H

example/ivect_conversions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+  // basics first: const reference converters
+  boost::python::tuple const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    return iv.as_tuple();
+  }
+
+  // to_python smart pointer conversions
+  std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect> ivect_as_auto_ptr(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    return std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect>(new vects::ivect(iv));
+  }
+  boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect> ivect_as_shared_ptr(const vects::ivect& iv)
+  {
+    return boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect>(new vects::ivect(iv));
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by value
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect> iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect> iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+
+  // smart pointers passed by const reference
+  boost::python::ref auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(const std::auto_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }
+  boost::python::ref shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(const boost::shared_ptr<vects::ivect>& iv)
+  {
+    if (iv.get() == 0) return boost::python::ref(Py_None, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+    return iv->as_tuple().reference();
+  }

example/ivect_defs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+    this_module.def(ivect_as_auto_ptr, "ivect_as_auto_ptr");
+    this_module.def(ivect_as_shared_ptr, "ivect_as_shared_ptr");
+
+    this_module.def(const_ivect_reference_as_tuple, "const_ivect_reference_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple");
+    this_module.def(shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple, "shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple");

example/nested.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+/*
+    This example shows how convert a nested Python tuple.
+ */
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+  boost::python::list
+  show_nested_tuples(boost::python::tuple outer)
+  {
+    boost::python::list result;
+    for (int i = 0; i < outer.size(); i++) {
+      boost::python::tuple inner(
+        BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(outer[i].get(),
+        boost::python::type<boost::python::tuple>()));
+      for (int j = 0; j < inner.size(); j++) {
+        double x = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(inner[j].get(),
+          boost::python::type<double>());
+        char buf[128];
+        sprintf(buf, "(%d,%d) %.6g", i, j, x);
+        result.append(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(std::string(buf)));
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(nested)
+{
+    boost::python::module_builder this_module("nested");
+    this_module.def(show_nested_tuples, "show_nested_tuples");
+}

example/noncopyable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef NONCOPYABLE_H
+#define NONCOPYABLE_H
+
+class store
+{
+  private:
+    store(const store&) { } // Disable the copy constructor.
+    int number;
+  public:
+    store(const int i) : number(i) { }
+    int recall() const { return number; }
+};
+
+#endif // NONCOPYABLE_H

example/noncopyable_export.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+#include "noncopyable.h"
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(noncopyable_export)
+{
+    python::module_builder this_module("noncopyable_export");
+
+    python::class_builder<store> store_class(this_module, "store");
+    python::export_converters_noncopyable(store_class);
+
+    store_class.def(python::constructor<int>());
+    store_class.def(&store::recall, "recall");
+}

example/noncopyable_import.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// See root/libs/python/doc/cross_module.html for an introduction.
+
+#include <boost/python/cross_module.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+#include "noncopyable.h"
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A function with store objects as both input and output parameters.
+  // Because the copy constructor is disabled, we cannot pass a store
+  // object by value. Instead, we pass a smart pointer.
+  std::auto_ptr<store> add_stores(const store& s1, const store& s2)
+  {
+    int sum = s1.recall() + s2.recall();
+    std::auto_ptr<store> ss = std::auto_ptr<store>(new store(sum));
+    return ss;
+  }
+}
+
+# ifdef BOOST_MSVC // fixes for JIT debugging
+#  include <windows.h>
+extern "C" void structured_exception_translator(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+{
+    throw;
+}
+extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned int, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
+    = _set_se_translator(structured_exception_translator);
+# endif
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(noncopyable_import)
+{
+    python::module_builder this_module("noncopyable_import");
+
+    python::import_converters<store>
+      dvect_converters("noncopyable_export", "store");
+
+    // Imagine all the additional classes with member functions
+    // that have store objects as input and output parameters.
+    // Lots and lots of them.
+    // However, to keep this example simple, we only define a
+    // module-level function.
+    this_module.def(add_stores, "add_stores");
+}

example/pickle1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+/*
+    This example shows how to make an Extension Class "pickleable".
+
+    The world class below can be fully restored by passing the
+    appropriate argument to the constructor. Therefore it is sufficient
+    to define the pickle interface method __getinitargs__.
+
+    For more information refer to boost/libs/python/doc/pickle.html.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class world
+  {
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+      int secret_number;
+    public:
+      world(const std::string& country) : secret_number(0) {
+        this->country = country;
+      }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country + "!"; }
+      std::string get_country() const { return country; }
+  };
+
+  // Support for pickle.
+  python::ref world_getinitargs(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_country());
+      return result.reference();
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(pickle1)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("pickle1");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<world> world_class(this_module, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    world_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    world_class.def(&world::greet, "greet");
+
+    // Support for pickle.
+    world_class.def(world_getinitargs, "__getinitargs__");
+}

example/pickle2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+/*
+    This example shows how to make an Extension Class "pickleable".
+
+    The world class below contains member data (secret_number) that
+    cannot be restored by any of the constructors. Therefore it is
+    necessary to provide the __getstate__/__setstate__ pair of pickle
+    interface methods.
+
+    For simplicity, the __dict__ is not included in the result of
+    __getstate__. This is not generally recommended, but a valid
+    approach if it is anticipated that the object's __dict__ will
+    always be empty. Note that safety guard are provided to catch the
+    cases where this assumption is not true.
+
+    pickle3.cpp shows how to include the object's __dict__ in the
+    result of __getstate__.
+
+    For more information refer to boost/libs/python/doc/pickle.html.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class world
+  {
+    public:
+      world(const std::string& country) : secret_number(0) {
+        this->country = country;
+      }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country + "!"; }
+      std::string get_country() const { return country; }
+      void set_secret_number(int number) { secret_number = number; }
+      int get_secret_number() const { return secret_number; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+      int secret_number;
+  };
+
+  // Support for pickle.
+
+  using BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python;
+
+  python::ref world_getinitargs(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_country());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  python::ref world_getstate(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_secret_number());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  void world_setstate(world& w, python::tuple state) {
+    if (state.size() != 1) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+        "Unexpected argument in call to __setstate__.");
+      throw python::error_already_set();
+    }
+    int number = from_python(state[0].get(), python::type<int>());
+    if (number != 42)
+      w.set_secret_number(number);
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(pickle2)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("pickle2");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<world> world_class(this_module, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    world_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    world_class.def(&world::greet, "greet");
+    world_class.def(&world::get_secret_number, "get_secret_number");
+    world_class.def(&world::set_secret_number, "set_secret_number");
+
+    // Support for pickle.
+    world_class.def(world_getinitargs, "__getinitargs__");
+    world_class.def(world_getstate, "__getstate__");
+    world_class.def(world_setstate, "__setstate__");
+}

example/pickle3.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+/*
+    This example shows how to make an Extension Class "pickleable".
+
+    The world class below contains member data (secret_number) that
+    cannot be restored by any of the constructors. Therefore it is
+    necessary to provide the __getstate__/__setstate__ pair of pickle
+    interface methods.
+
+    The object's __dict__ is included in the result of __getstate__.
+    This requires more code (compare with pickle2.cpp), but is
+    unavoidable if the object's __dict__ is not always empty.
+
+    For more information refer to boost/libs/python/doc/pickle.html.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace boost { namespace python {
+
+  ref getattr(PyObject* o, const std::string& attr_name) {
+    return ref(PyObject_GetAttrString(o, const_cast<char*>(attr_name.c_str())));
+  }
+  ref getattr(const ref& r, const std::string& attr_name) {
+    return getattr(r.get(), attr_name);
+  }
+
+}}
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class world
+  {
+    public:
+      world(const std::string& country) : secret_number(0) {
+        this->country = country;
+      }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country + "!"; }
+      std::string get_country() const { return country; }
+      void set_secret_number(int number) { secret_number = number; }
+      int get_secret_number() const { return secret_number; }
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+      int secret_number;
+  };
+
+  // Support for pickle.
+  python::ref world_getinitargs(const world& w) {
+      python::tuple result(1);
+      result.set_item(0, w.get_country());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  python::ref world_getstate(python::tuple const & args,
+                             python::dictionary const & keywords);
+
+  PyObject* world_setstate(python::tuple const & args,
+                           python::dictionary const & keywords);
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(pickle3)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("pickle3");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    python::class_builder<world> world_class(this_module, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    world_class.def(python::constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    world_class.def(&world::greet, "greet");
+    world_class.def(&world::get_secret_number, "get_secret_number");
+    world_class.def(&world::set_secret_number, "set_secret_number");
+
+    // Support for pickle.
+    world_class.def(world_getinitargs, "__getinitargs__");
+    world_class.def_raw(world_getstate, "__getstate__");
+    world_class.def_raw(world_setstate, "__setstate__");
+    world_class.getstate_manages_dict();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+  using BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python;
+  using boost::python::type;
+  using boost::python::ref;
+  using boost::python::tuple;
+  using boost::python::list;
+  using boost::python::dictionary;
+  using boost::python::getattr;
+
+  ref world_getstate(tuple const & args, dictionary const & keywords)
+  {
+      if(args.size() != 1 || keywords.size() != 0) {
+          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "wrong number of arguments");
+          throw boost::python::error_already_set();
+      }
+      const world& w = from_python(args[0].get(), type<const world&>());
+      ref mydict = getattr(args[0], "__dict__");
+      tuple result(2);
+      // store the object's __dict__
+      result.set_item(0, mydict);
+      // store the internal state of the C++ object
+      result.set_item(1, w.get_secret_number());
+      return result.reference(); // returning the reference avoids the copying.
+  }
+
+  PyObject* world_setstate(tuple const & args, dictionary const & keywords)
+  {
+      if(args.size() != 2 || keywords.size() != 0) {
+          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "wrong number of arguments");
+          throw boost::python::error_already_set();
+      }
+      world& w = from_python(args[0].get(), type<world&>());
+      ref mydict = getattr(args[0], "__dict__");
+      tuple state = from_python(args[1].get(), type<tuple>());
+      if (state.size() != 2) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+          "Unexpected argument in call to __setstate__.");
+        throw python::error_already_set();
+      }
+      // restore the object's __dict__
+      dictionary odict = from_python(mydict.get(), type<dictionary>());
+      const dictionary& pdict = from_python(state[0].get(), type<const dictionary&>());
+      list pkeys(pdict.keys());
+      for (int i = 0; i < pkeys.size(); i++) {
+        ref k(pkeys[i]);
+        //odict[k] = pdict[k]; // XXX memory leak!
+        odict[k] = pdict.get_item(k); // this does not leak.
+      }
+      // restore the internal state of the C++ object
+      int number = from_python(state[1].get(), type<int>());
+      if (number != 42)
+        w.set_secret_number(number);
+      return python::detail::none();
+  }
+}

example/richcmp1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve & Nicholas K. Sauter
+// This example shows how to use rich comparisons for a vector type.
+// It also shows how to template the entire wrapping of a std::vector.
+// See vector_wrapper.h.
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+#include "vector_wrapper.h"
+
+namespace vects {
+
+  struct dvect : public std::vector<double>
+  {
+    dvect() : std::vector<double>() {}
+    dvect(size_t n) : std::vector<double>(n) {}
+    dvect(boost::python::tuple tuple) : std::vector<double>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<double>::iterator v_it = begin();
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        v_it[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          boost::python::type<double>());
+    }
+
+    boost::python::tuple as_tuple() const
+    {
+      boost::python::tuple t(size());
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++)
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python((*this)[i])));
+      return t;
+    }
+
+#   define DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(oper) \
+    friend std::vector<bool> \
+    operator##oper(const dvect& lhs, const dvect& rhs) \
+    { \
+      if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) { \
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "vectors have different sizes"); \
+        throw boost::python::error_already_set(); \
+      } \
+      std::vector<bool> result(lhs.size()); \
+      for (std::size_t i=0; i<lhs.size(); i++) { \
+        result[i] = (lhs[i] ##oper rhs[i]); \
+      } \
+      return result; \
+    }
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(<)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(<=)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(==)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(!=)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(>)
+    DVECT_BINARY_OPERATORS(>=)
+#   undef VECTOR_BINARY_OPERATORS
+  };
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+
+namespace {
+
+  void init_module(boost::python::module_builder& this_module)
+  {
+    (void) example::wrap_vector(this_module, "vector_of_bool", bool());
+
+    boost::python::class_builder<vects::dvect> py_dvect(this_module, "dvect");
+
+    py_dvect.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    py_dvect.def(&vects::dvect::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+
+    const long
+    comp_operators = (  boost::python::op_lt | boost::python::op_le
+                      | boost::python::op_eq | boost::python::op_ne
+                      | boost::python::op_gt | boost::python::op_ge);
+    py_dvect.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>());
+  }
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(richcmp1)
+{
+    boost::python::module_builder this_module("richcmp1");
+    // The actual work is done in a separate function in order
+    // to suppress a bogus VC60 warning.
+    init_module(this_module);
+}

example/richcmp2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+// This example shows how to use rich comparisons for a type that
+// does not support all six operators (<, <=, ==, !=, >, >=).
+// To keep the example simple, we are using a "code" type does
+// not really require rich comparisons. __cmp__ would be sufficient.
+// However, with a more complicated type the main point of this
+// example would be in danger of getting lost.
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+
+  // suppose operator< and operator> are not meaningful for code
+  class code {
+    public:
+      code(int c = 0) : m_code(c) {}
+      inline friend bool operator==(const code& lhs, const code& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_code == rhs.m_code;
+      }
+      inline friend bool operator!=(const code& lhs, const code& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_code != rhs.m_code;
+      }
+    private:
+      int m_code;
+  };
+
+#if PYTHON_API_VERSION >= 1010
+  boost::python::ref
+  NotImplemented(const code&, const code&) {
+    return
+    boost::python::ref(Py_NotImplemented, boost::python::ref::increment_count);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+  void init_module(boost::python::module_builder& this_module)
+  {
+    boost::python::class_builder<code> py_code(this_module, "code");
+
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor<>());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::constructor<int>());
+    py_code.def(boost::python::operators<(  boost::python::op_eq
+                                          | boost::python::op_ne)>());
+#if PYTHON_API_VERSION >= 1010
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__lt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__le__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__gt__");
+    py_code.def(NotImplemented, "__ge__");
+#endif
+  }
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(richcmp2)
+{
+    boost::python::module_builder this_module("richcmp2");
+    // The actual work is done in a separate function in order
+    // to suppress a bogus VC60 warning.
+    init_module(this_module);
+}

example/richcmp3.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve & Nicholas K. Sauter.
+// Comprehensive operator overloading for two vector types and scalars.
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+#include "vector_wrapper.h"
+#include "dvect.h"
+#include "ivect.h"
+
+#define VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, oper, vect_type2) \
+namespace vects { \
+  result_type \
+  operator##oper (const vect_type1& lhs, const vect_type2& rhs) { \
+    if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) { \
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "vectors have different sizes"); \
+      throw boost::python::error_already_set(); \
+    } \
+    result_type result(lhs.size()); \
+    for (std::size_t i=0; i<lhs.size(); i++) { \
+      result[i] = (lhs[i] ##oper rhs[i]); \
+    } \
+    return result; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, oper, scalar_type) \
+namespace vects { \
+  result_type \
+  operator##oper (const vect_type& lhs, const scalar_type& rhs) { \
+    result_type result(lhs.size()); \
+    for (std::size_t i=0; i<lhs.size(); i++) { \
+      result[i] = (lhs[i] ##oper rhs ); \
+    } \
+    return result; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, oper, vect_type) \
+namespace vects { \
+  result_type \
+  operator##oper (const scalar_type& lhs, const vect_type& rhs) { \
+    result_type result(rhs.size()); \
+    for (std::size_t i=0; i<rhs.size(); i++) { \
+      result[i] = (lhs ##oper rhs[i]); \
+    } \
+    return result; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, +, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, -, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, *, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type1, /, vect_type2)
+
+#define COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(vect_type1, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, <,  vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, <=, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, ==, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, !=, vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, >,  vect_type2) \
+  VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type1, >=, vect_type2)
+
+#define MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, +, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, -, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, *, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(result_type, vect_type, /, scalar_type)
+
+#define COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(vect_type, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, <,  scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, <=, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, ==, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, !=, scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, >,  scalar_type) \
+  VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(std::vector<bool>, vect_type, >=, scalar_type)
+
+#define MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, +, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, -, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, *, vect_type) \
+  SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(result_type, scalar_type, /, vect_type)
+
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, dvect, dvect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       dvect, dvect)
+MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(dvect, dvect, double)
+COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(       dvect, double)
+MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, double, dvect)
+// comparison operators not needed since Python uses reflection
+
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(ivect, ivect, ivect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       ivect, ivect)
+MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(ivect, ivect, int)
+COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS(       ivect, int)
+MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS(ivect, int, ivect)
+// comparison operators not needed since Python uses reflection
+
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, dvect, ivect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       dvect, ivect)
+MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(dvect, ivect, dvect)
+COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS(       ivect, dvect)
+
+#undef VECT_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS
+#undef MATH_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef COMP_VECT_VECT_OPERATORS
+#undef MATH_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS
+#undef COMP_VECT_SCALAR_OPERATORS
+#undef MATH_SCALAR_VECT_OPERATORS
+
+namespace {
+
+  void init_module(boost::python::module_builder& this_module)
+  {
+    (void) example::wrap_vector(this_module, "vector_of_bool", bool());
+
+    const long
+    math_operators (  boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_add
+                    | boost::python::op_div | boost::python::op_sub);
+    const long
+    comp_operators = (  boost::python::op_lt | boost::python::op_le
+                      | boost::python::op_eq | boost::python::op_ne
+                      | boost::python::op_gt | boost::python::op_ge);
+
+    boost::python::class_builder<vects::dvect>
+      dvect_class(this_module, "dvect");
+    boost::python::class_builder<vects::ivect>
+      ivect_class(this_module, "ivect");
+
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    dvect_class.def(&vects::dvect::as_tuple,"as_tuple");
+
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>());
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<double>() );
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::left_operand<double>() );
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::ivect>() );
+
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>());
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<double>() );
+    // left_operand not needed since Python uses reflection
+    dvect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::ivect>() );
+
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    ivect_class.def(&vects::ivect::as_tuple,"as_tuple");
+
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>());
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<int>() );
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::left_operand<int>() );
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<math_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::dvect>() );
+
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>());
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<int>() );
+    // left_operand not needed since Python uses reflection
+    ivect_class.def(boost::python::operators<comp_operators>(),
+      boost::python::right_operand<vects::dvect>() );
+  }
+
+} // namespace <anonymous>
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(richcmp3)
+{
+    boost::python::module_builder this_module("richcmp3");
+    // The actual work is done in a separate function in order
+    // to suppress a bogus VC60 warning.
+    init_module(this_module);
+}

example/rwgk1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <string>
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
+  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
+  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
+}
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
+// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(rwgk1)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    python::module_builder this_module("rwgk1");
+
+    // Add regular functions to the module.
+    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
+    this_module.def(square, "square");
+}

example/rwgk2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A friendly class.
+  class world
+  {
+    private:
+      std::string country;
+    public:
+      world(const std::string& country) { this->country = country; }
+      std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country + "!"; }
+  };
+
+  // A function taking a world object as an argument.
+  std::string invite(const world& w) {
+    return w.greet() + " Please come soon!";
+  }
+}
+
+#include <py_cpp/class_wrapper.h>
+
+// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
+// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(example2)
+{
+    // Create an object representing this extension module.
+    py::Module this_module("example2");
+
+    // Create the Python type object for our extension class.
+    py::ClassWrapper<world> world_class(this_module, "world");
+
+    // Add the __init__ function.
+    world_class.def(py::Constructor<std::string>());
+    // Add a regular member function.
+    world_class.def(&world::greet, "greet");
+
+    // Add invite() as a regular function to the module.
+    this_module.def(invite, "invite");
+
+    // Even better, invite() can also be made a member of world_class!!!
+    world_class.def(invite, "invite");
+}
+
+// Win32 DLL boilerplate
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID) { return 1; }
+#endif // _WIN32

example/rwgk3.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include <py_cpp/class_wrapper.h>
+#include <py_cpp/objects.h>
+
+#define rangei(n)          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A wrapper is used to define additional constructors.
+  //
+  struct vector_double_wrapper: std::vector<double>
+  {
+    // Tell the compiler how to convert a base class object to
+    // this wrapper object.
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject*, const std::vector<double>& vd)
+      : std::vector<double>(vd) {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self)
+      : std::vector<double>() {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self, const int n)
+      : std::vector<double>(n) {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self, py::Tuple tuple)
+      : std::vector<double>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<double>::iterator vd = begin();
+      rangei(tuple.size())
+        vd[i] = from_python(tuple[i].get(), py::Type<double>()); // GCC BUG
+    }
+  };
+
+  double getitem(const std::vector<double>& vd, const std::size_t key) {
+    return vd[key];
+  }
+
+  void setitem(std::vector<double>& vd, const std::size_t key,
+               const double &d) {
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    vditer[key] = d;
+  }
+
+  void delitem(std::vector<double>& vd, const std::size_t key) {
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    vd.erase(&vditer[key]);
+  }
+
+  // Convert vector_double to a regular Python tuple.
+  //
+  py::Tuple as_tuple(const std::vector<double>& vd)
+  {
+    py::Tuple t(vd.size());
+    rangei(vd.size()) t.set_item(i, py::Ptr(py::to_python(vd[i]))); // GCC BUG
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  // Function returning a vector_double object to Python.
+  //
+  std::vector<double> foo(const int n)
+  {
+    std::vector<double> vd(n);
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    rangei(n) vditer[i] = double(i);
+    return vd;
+  }
+
+  // Same as foo(), but avoid copying on return.
+  //
+  std::auto_ptr<std::vector<double> > bar(const int n)
+  {
+    std::auto_ptr<std::vector<double> > vdptr(new std::vector<double>(n));
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vdptr->begin();
+    rangei(n) vditer[i] = double(10 * i);
+    return vdptr;
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(example3)
+{
+    py::Module this_module("example3");
+
+    py::ClassWrapper<std::vector<double>, vector_double_wrapper>
+      vector_double(this_module, "vector_double");
+
+    vector_double.def(py::Constructor<>());
+    vector_double.def(py::Constructor<const int>());
+    vector_double.def(py::Constructor<py::Tuple>());
+    vector_double.def(&std::vector<double>::size, "__len__");
+    vector_double.def(getitem, "__getitem__");
+    vector_double.def(setitem, "__setitem__");
+    vector_double.def(delitem, "__delitem__");
+    vector_double.def(as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(foo, "foo");
+    this_module.def(bar, "bar");
+}
+
+// Win32 DLL boilerplate
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID) { return 1; }
+#endif // _WIN32

example/simple_vector.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Example by Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+namespace python = boost::python;
+
+namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
+
+  // A wrapper is used to define additional constructors.
+  //
+  struct vector_double_wrapper: std::vector<double>
+  {
+    // Tell the compiler how to convert a base class object to
+    // this wrapper object.
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject*, const std::vector<double>& vd)
+      : std::vector<double>(vd) {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self)
+      : std::vector<double>() {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self, int n)
+      : std::vector<double>(n) {}
+
+    vector_double_wrapper(PyObject* self, python::tuple tuple)
+      : std::vector<double>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<double>::iterator vd = begin();
+      for (int i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        vd[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+          python::type<double>());
+    }
+  };
+
+  void raise_vector_IndexError() {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "vector index out of range");
+    throw python::error_already_set();
+  }
+
+  double getitem(const std::vector<double>& vd, std::size_t key) {
+    if (key >= vd.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+    return vd[key];
+  }
+
+  void setitem(std::vector<double>& vd, std::size_t key, double d) {
+    if (key >= vd.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    vditer[key] = d;
+  }
+
+  void delitem(std::vector<double>& vd, std::size_t key) {
+    if (key >= vd.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    vd.erase(vditer + key);
+  }
+
+  // Convert vector_double to a regular Python tuple.
+  //
+  python::tuple as_tuple(const std::vector<double>& vd)
+  {
+    python::tuple t(vd.size());
+    for (int i = 0; i < vd.size(); i++) t.set_item(i,
+      python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(vd[i])));
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  // Function returning a vector_double object to Python.
+  //
+  std::vector<double> foo(int n)
+  {
+    std::vector<double> vd(n);
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vd.begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) vditer[i] = double(i);
+    return vd;
+  }
+
+  // Same as foo(), but avoid copying on return.
+  //
+  std::auto_ptr<std::vector<double> > bar(int n)
+  {
+    std::auto_ptr<std::vector<double> > vdptr(new std::vector<double>(n));
+    std::vector<double>::iterator vditer = vdptr->begin();
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) vditer[i] = double(10 * i);
+    return vdptr;
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(simple_vector)
+{
+    python::module_builder this_module("simple_vector");
+
+    python::class_builder<std::vector<double>, vector_double_wrapper>
+      vector_double(this_module, "vector_double");
+
+    vector_double.def(python::constructor<>());
+    vector_double.def(python::constructor<const int>());
+    vector_double.def(python::constructor<python::tuple>());
+    vector_double.def(&std::vector<double>::size, "__len__");
+    vector_double.def(getitem, "__getitem__");
+    vector_double.def(setitem, "__setitem__");
+    vector_double.def(delitem, "__delitem__");
+    vector_double.def(as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+
+    this_module.def(foo, "foo");
+    this_module.def(bar, "bar");
+}

example/test_abstract.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Example by Ullrich Koethe
+r'''>>> from abstract import *
+    >>> class A(Abstract):
+    ...     def __init__(self, text):
+    ...             Abstract.__init__(self)  # call the base class constructor
+    ...             self.text = text
+    ...     def test(self):                  # implement abstract function
+    ...             return self.text
+    ...
+    >>> a = A("Hello")
+    >>> a.test()
+    'Hello'
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_abstract
+    return doctest.testmod(test_abstract)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_cross_module.py

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+r'''>>> import tst_noncopyable
+    >>> tst_noncopyable.f()
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    >>> import tst_dvect1
+    >>> tst_dvect1.f()
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    >>> import tst_ivect1
+    >>> tst_ivect1.f()
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    >>> import sys
+    >>> if ("--broken-auto-ptr" in sys.argv):
+    ...   broken_auto_ptr = 1
+    ... else:
+    ...   broken_auto_ptr = 0
+    >>> import tst_dvect2
+    >>> tst_dvect2.f(broken_auto_ptr)
+    1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    >>> import tst_ivect2
+    >>> tst_ivect2.f(broken_auto_ptr)
+    1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    None
+    1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_cross_module
+    return doctest.testmod(test_cross_module)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_do_it_yourself_convts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+r'''>>> import do_it_yourself_convts
+    >>> ixset = do_it_yourself_convts.IndexingSet()
+    >>> ixset.add((1,2,3))
+    >>> ixset.add((4,5,6))
+    >>> ixset.add((7,8,9))
+    >>> print ixset.get(0)
+    (1, 2, 3)
+    >>> print ixset.get(1)
+    (4, 5, 6)
+    >>> print ixset.get(2)
+    (7, 8, 9)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_do_it_yourself_convts
+    return doctest.testmod(test_do_it_yourself_convts)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_example1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+r'''
+//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+//
+//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
+//  producing this work.
+
+That's it! If we build this shared library and put it on our PYTHONPATH we can
+now access our C++ class and function from Python.
+
+    >>> import hello
+    >>> hi_world = hello.world(3)
+    >>> hi_world.get()
+    'hi, world'
+    >>> hello.length(hi_world)
+    9
+
+We can even make a subclass of hello.world:
+
+
+    >>> class my_subclass(hello.world):
+    ...     def get(self):
+    ...         return 'hello, world'
+    ...
+    >>> y = my_subclass(2)
+    >>> y.get()
+    'hello, world'
+
+Pretty cool! You can't do that with an ordinary Python extension type!
+
+    >>> hello.length(y)
+    9
+
+Of course, you may now have a slightly empty feeling in the pit of your little
+pythonic stomach. Perhaps you feel your subclass deserves to have a length() of
+12? If so, read on...
+'''
+from hello import *
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_example1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_example1)
+    
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_getting_started1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+r'''>>> import getting_started1
+    >>> print getting_started1.greet()
+    hello, world
+    >>> number = 11
+    >>> print number, '*', number, '=', getting_started1.square(number)
+    11 * 11 = 121
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_getting_started1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_getting_started1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_getting_started2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+r'''>>> from getting_started2 import *
+    >>> hi = hello('California')
+    >>> hi.greet()
+    'Hello from California'
+    >>> invite(hi)
+    'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+    >>> hi.invite()
+    'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
+
+    >>> class wordy(hello):
+    ...     def greet(self):
+    ...         return hello.greet(self) + ', where the weather is fine'
+    ...
+    >>> hi2 = wordy('Florida')
+    >>> hi2.greet()
+    'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine'
+    >>> invite(hi2)
+    'Hello from Florida! Please come soon!'
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_getting_started2
+    return doctest.testmod(test_getting_started2)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_nested.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+r'''>>> import nested
+    >>> s = nested.show_nested_tuples(((1,2,3), (4,5,6,7)))
+    >>> for l in s:
+    ...   print l
+    (0,0) 1
+    (0,1) 2
+    (0,2) 3
+    (1,0) 4
+    (1,1) 5
+    (1,2) 6
+    (1,3) 7
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_nested
+    return doctest.testmod(test_nested)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_pickle1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+r'''>>> import pickle1
+    >>> import re
+    >>> import pickle
+    >>> pickle1.world.__module__
+    'pickle1'
+    >>> pickle1.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
+    1
+    >>> pickle1.world.__reduce__()
+    'world'
+    >>> assert re.match(
+    ... "\(<extension class pickle1.world at [0-9a-fA-FxX]+>, \('Hello',\)\)",
+    ... repr(pickle1.world('Hello').__reduce__()))
+    >>>
+    >>> wd = pickle1.world('California')
+    >>> pstr = pickle.dumps(wd)
+    >>> wl = pickle.loads(pstr)
+    >>> print wd.greet()
+    Hello from California!
+    >>> print wl.greet()
+    Hello from California!
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_pickle1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_pickle1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_pickle2.py

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-r'''>>> import pickle2_ext
+r'''>>> import pickle2
+    >>> import re
     >>> import pickle
-    >>> pickle2_ext.world.__module__
-    'pickle2_ext'
-    >>> pickle2_ext.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
+    >>> pickle2.world.__module__
+    'pickle2'
+    >>> pickle2.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
     1
-    >>> pickle2_ext.world.__name__
+    >>> pickle2.world.__reduce__()
     'world'
-    >>> pickle2_ext.world('Hello').__reduce__()
-    (<class 'pickle2_ext.world'>, ('Hello',), (0,))
+    >>> assert re.match(
+    ... "\(<extension class pickle2.world at [0-9a-fA-FxX]+>, \('Hello',\), \(0,\)\)",
+    ... repr(pickle2.world('Hello').__reduce__()))
+    >>>
     >>> for number in (24, 42):
-    ...   wd = pickle2_ext.world('California')
+    ...   wd = pickle2.world('California')
     ...   wd.set_secret_number(number)
     ...   pstr = pickle.dumps(wd)
     ...   wl = pickle.loads(pstr)
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ r'''>>> import pickle2_ext
     Hello from California! 0
 
 # Now show that the __dict__ is not taken care of.
-    >>> wd = pickle2_ext.world('California')
+    >>> wd = pickle2.world('California')
     >>> wd.x = 1
     >>> wd.__dict__
     {'x': 1}
@@ -32,14 +35,13 @@ r'''>>> import pickle2_ext
 '''
 
 def run(args = None):
-    import sys
-    import doctest
-
     if args is not None:
+        import sys
         sys.argv = args
-    return doctest.testmod(sys.modules.get(__name__))
-    
+    import doctest, test_pickle2
+    return doctest.testmod(test_pickle2)
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    print "running..."
     import sys
     sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_pickle3.py

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-r'''>>> import pickle3_ext
+r'''>>> import pickle3
+    >>> import re
     >>> import pickle
-    >>> pickle3_ext.world.__module__
-    'pickle3_ext'
-    >>> pickle3_ext.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
+    >>> pickle3.world.__module__
+    'pickle3'
+    >>> pickle3.world.__safe_for_unpickling__
     1
-    >>> pickle3_ext.world.__getstate_manages_dict__
-    1
-    >>> pickle3_ext.world.__name__
+    >>> pickle3.world.__reduce__()
     'world'
-    >>> pickle3_ext.world('Hello').__reduce__()
-    (<class 'pickle3_ext.world'>, ('Hello',), ({}, 0))
+    >>> assert re.match(
+    ... "\(<extension class pickle3.world at [0-9a-fA-FxX]+>, \('Hello',\), \(\{\}, 0\)\)",
+    ... repr(pickle3.world('Hello').__reduce__()))
+    >>>
     >>> for number in (24, 42):
-    ...   wd = pickle3_ext.world('California')
+    ...   wd = pickle3.world('California')
     ...   wd.set_secret_number(number)
     ...   wd.x = 2 * number
     ...   wd.y = 'y' * number
@@ -27,14 +28,12 @@ r'''>>> import pickle3_ext
 '''
 
 def run(args = None):
-    import sys
-    import doctest
-
     if args is not None:
+        import sys
         sys.argv = args
-    return doctest.testmod(sys.modules.get(__name__))
-    
+    import doctest, test_pickle3
+    return doctest.testmod(test_pickle3)
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    print "running..."
     import sys
     sys.exit(run()[0])

example/test_richcmp1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+r'''>>> import richcmp1
+    >>> d1 = richcmp1.dvect((0, 1, 3, 3, 6, 7))
+    >>> d2 = richcmp1.dvect((1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6))
+    >>> print d1.as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 6.0, 7.0)
+    >>> print d2.as_tuple()
+    (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0)
+    >>> print (d1 < d2).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (d1 <= d2).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (d1 == d2).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (d1 != d2).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (d1 > d2).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (d1 >= d2).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> try: d1 == richcmp1.dvect((1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
+    ... except ValueError, e: print str(e)
+    ...
+    vectors have different sizes
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_richcmp1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_richcmp1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if (    hasattr(sys, 'version_info')
+        and (   (sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] >= 1)
+             or sys.version_info[0] > 2)):
+      sys.exit(run()[0])
+    else:
+      print "Python version 2.1 or higher required. Test skipped."

example/test_richcmp2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+r'''>>> import richcmp2
+    >>> c1 = richcmp2.code(1)
+    >>> c2 = richcmp2.code(2)
+    >>> c3 = richcmp2.code(2)
+    >>> print c1 == c2
+    0
+    >>> print c1 != c2
+    1
+    >>> print c2 == c3
+    1
+    >>> print c2 != c3
+    0
+    >>> print c1 < c2
+    1
+    >>> print c1 <= c2
+    1
+    >>> print c1 == c2
+    0
+    >>> print c1 != c2
+    1
+    >>> print c1 > c2
+    0
+    >>> print c1 >= c2
+    0
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_richcmp1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_richcmp1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if (    hasattr(sys, 'version_info')
+        and (   (sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] >= 1)
+             or sys.version_info[0] > 2)):
+      sys.exit(run()[0])
+    else:
+      print "Python version 2.1 or higher required. Test skipped."

example/test_richcmp3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+r'''>>> import richcmp3
+    >>>
+    >>> iv = richcmp3.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+    >>> print iv.as_tuple()
+    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+    >>> dv = richcmp3.dvect((2,-2,3,8,-5))
+    >>> print dv.as_tuple()
+    (2.0, -2.0, 3.0, 8.0, -5.0)
+    >>>
+    >>> print (iv+dv).as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 0.0, 6.0, 12.0, 0.0)
+    >>> print (iv+3).as_tuple()
+    (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+    >>> print (3+iv).as_tuple()
+    (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+    >>>
+    >>> print "vect vs. vect Comparisons:"
+    vect vs. vect Comparisons:
+    >>> print (iv < dv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 0, 0, 1, 0)
+    >>> print (iv <= dv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 0, 1, 1, 0)
+    >>> print (iv == dv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv != dv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (iv > dv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+    >>> print (iv >= dv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 1, 1, 0, 1)
+    >>>
+    >>> print "vect vs. scalar Comparisons:"
+    vect vs. scalar Comparisons:
+    >>> print (iv < 3).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv <= 3).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv == 3).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (iv != 3).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (iv > 3).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (iv >= 3).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 1, 1)
+    >>>
+    >>> print "scalar  vs. vect Comparisons:"
+    scalar  vs. vect Comparisons:
+    >>> print (3 < iv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (3 <= iv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (3 == iv).as_tuple()
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (3 != iv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+    >>> print (3 > iv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    >>> print (3 >= iv).as_tuple()
+    (1, 1, 1, 0, 0)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_richcmp3
+    return doctest.testmod(test_richcmp3)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if (    hasattr(sys, 'version_info')
+        and (   (sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] >= 1)
+             or sys.version_info[0] > 2)):
+      sys.exit(run()[0])
+    else:
+      print "Python version 2.1 or higher required. Test skipped."

example/test_rwgk1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+r'''>>> import rwgk1
+    >>> print rwgk1.greet()
+    hello, world
+    >>> number = 11
+    >>> print number, '*', number, '=', rwgk1.square(number)
+    11 * 11 = 121
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_rwgk1
+    return doctest.testmod(test_rwgk1)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/test_simple_vector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+r'''>>> import simple_vector
+    >>> v=simple_vector.vector_double()
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    ()
+    >>> v=simple_vector.vector_double(5)
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+    >>> print len(v)
+    5
+    >>> v=simple_vector.vector_double((3,4,5))
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 4.0, 5.0)
+    >>> print v[1]
+    4.0
+    >>> v[1] = 40
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 40.0, 5.0)
+    >>> for e in v:
+    ...   print e
+    3.0
+    40.0
+    5.0
+    >>> del v[1]
+    >>> print v.as_tuple()
+    (3.0, 5.0)
+    >>> print simple_vector.foo(11).as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0)
+    >>> print simple_vector.bar(12).as_tuple()
+    (0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0, 100.0, 110.0)
+'''
+
+def run(args = None):
+    if args is not None:
+        import sys
+        sys.argv = args
+    import doctest, test_simple_vector
+    return doctest.testmod(test_simple_vector)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(run()[0])
+

example/tst_dvect1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+def f():
+  import dvect
+  dv = dvect.dvect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  print dv.as_tuple()
+  iv = dv.as_ivect()
+  print iv.as_tuple()
+  print dvect.const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(iv)
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print dvect.const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(aiv)
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print dvect.const_ivect_reference_as_tuple(siv)
+  print aiv.as_tuple()
+  print siv.as_tuple()
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  n = 1
+  if (len(sys.argv) > 1): n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f()

example/tst_dvect2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+def f(broken_auto_ptr):
+  import dvect
+  import ivect
+  #
+  dv = dvect.dvect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  iv = dv.as_ivect()
+  #
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print ivect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  adv = dvect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print ivect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  sdv = dvect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  adv = dvect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  sdv = dvect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  aiv = dvect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  adv = dvect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  siv = dvect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  sdv = dvect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print ivect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  broken_auto_ptr = 0
+  n = 1
+  
+  if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+      argv = []
+      
+      for x in sys.argv:
+        if x != '--broken-auto-ptr':
+          argv.append(x)
+      broken_auto_ptr = argv != sys.argv
+      sys.argv = argv
+
+      if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+        
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f(broken_auto_ptr)

example/tst_ivect1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+def f():
+  import ivect
+  iv = ivect.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  print iv.as_tuple()
+  dv = iv.as_dvect()
+  print dv.as_tuple()
+  print ivect.const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(dv)
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print ivect.const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(adv)
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print ivect.const_dvect_reference_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print adv.as_tuple()
+  print sdv.as_tuple()
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  n = 1
+  if (len(sys.argv) > 1): n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f()

example/tst_ivect2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+def f(broken_auto_ptr):
+  import ivect
+  import dvect
+  #
+  iv = ivect.ivect((1,2,3,4,5))
+  dv = iv.as_dvect()
+  #
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print dvect.auto_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  aiv = ivect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  if (not broken_auto_ptr):
+    print dvect.auto_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  else:
+    print None
+  #
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  siv = ivect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_value_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  aiv = ivect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  siv = ivect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  #
+  adv = ivect.dvect_as_auto_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(adv)
+  #
+  aiv = ivect.ivect_as_auto_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  print '2. auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.auto_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(aiv)
+  #
+  sdv = ivect.dvect_as_shared_ptr(dv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_dvect_as_tuple(sdv)
+  #
+  siv = ivect.ivect_as_shared_ptr(iv)
+  print '1. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+  print '2. shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple'
+  print dvect.shared_ptr_const_reference_ivect_as_tuple(siv)
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  broken_auto_ptr = 0
+  n = 1
+
+  if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+      argv = []
+      
+      for x in sys.argv:
+        if x != '--broken-auto-ptr':
+          argv.append(x)
+      broken_auto_ptr = argv != sys.argv
+      sys.argv = argv
+
+      if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+        
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f(broken_auto_ptr)

example/tst_noncopyable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+def f():
+  import noncopyable_export
+  import noncopyable_import
+  s1 = noncopyable_export.store(1)
+  print s1.recall()
+  s2 = noncopyable_export.store(2)
+  print s2.recall()
+  s3 = noncopyable_import.add_stores(s1, s2)
+  print s3.recall()
+
+if (__name__ == "__main__"):
+  import sys, string
+  n = 1
+  if (len(sys.argv) > 1): n = string.atoi(sys.argv[1])
+  for i in xrange(n):
+    f()

example/vector_wrapper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Based on wrapVector.hh by Mike Owen and Jeff Johnson.
+// http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/spheral/src/src/BPLWraps/CXXWraps/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_PYTHON_EXAMPLE_VECTOR_WRAPPER_H
+#define BOOST_PYTHON_EXAMPLE_VECTOR_WRAPPER_H
+
+#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
+
+namespace example {
+
+  // A wrapper is used to define additional constructors. This wrapper
+  // is templated on the template parameter for its corresponding vector.
+  template <typename T>
+  struct vector_wrapper: std::vector<T>
+  {
+    // Tell the compiler how to convert a base class object to
+    // this wrapper object.
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject*,
+                  const std::vector<T>& vec):
+      std::vector<T>(vec) {}
+
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject* self):
+      std::vector<T>() {}
+
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject* self,
+                   std::size_t n):
+      std::vector<T>(n) {}
+
+    vector_wrapper(PyObject* self,
+                   boost::python::tuple tuple):
+      std::vector<T>(tuple.size())
+    {
+      std::vector<T>::iterator vec = begin();
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tuple.size(); i++)
+        vec[i] = BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(tuple[i].get(),
+                                            boost::python::type<T>());
+    }
+  };
+
+  void raise_vector_IndexError() {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "vector index out of range");
+    throw boost::python::error_already_set();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  struct vector_access
+  {
+    static
+    T
+    getitem(const std::vector<T>& vec,
+            std::size_t key)
+    {
+      if (key >= vec.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+      return vec[key];
+    }
+
+    static
+    void
+    setitem(std::vector<T>& vec,
+            std::size_t key,
+            const T &value)
+    {
+      if (key >= vec.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+      vec[key] = value;
+    }
+
+    static
+    void
+    delitem(std::vector<T>& vec,
+            std::size_t key)
+    {
+      if (key >= vec.size()) raise_vector_IndexError();
+      vec.erase(vec.begin() + key);
+    }
+
+    // Convert vector<T> to a regular Python tuple.
+    static
+    boost::python::tuple
+    as_tuple(const std::vector<T>& vec)
+    {
+      // Create a python type of size vec.size().
+      boost::python::tuple t(vec.size());
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
+        t.set_item(i,
+          boost::python::ref(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(vec[i])));
+      }
+      return t;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // This function will build a vector<T> and add it to the given
+  // module with the given name.
+  template <typename T>
+  boost::python::class_builder<std::vector<T>, vector_wrapper<T> >
+  wrap_vector(boost::python::module_builder& module,
+              const std::string& vector_name,
+              const T&)
+  {
+    // Add the vector<T> to the module.
+    boost::python::class_builder<std::vector<T>, vector_wrapper<T> >
+    py_vector(module, vector_name.c_str());
+
+    // Define constructors and methods for the vector<T>.
+    py_vector.def(boost::python::constructor<>());
+    py_vector.def(boost::python::constructor<std::size_t>());
+    py_vector.def(boost::python::constructor<boost::python::tuple>());
+    py_vector.def(&std::vector<T>::size, "__len__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::getitem, "__getitem__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::setitem, "__setitem__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::delitem, "__delitem__");
+    py_vector.def(&vector_access<T>::as_tuple, "as_tuple");
+
+    return py_vector;
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // BOOST_PYTHON_EXAMPLE_VECTOR_WRAPPER_H

include/boost/python/arg_from_python.hpp

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP
-# define ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/converter/arg_from_python.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-template <class T>
-struct arg_from_python
-    : converter::select_arg_from_python<T>::type
-{
-    typedef typename converter::select_arg_from_python<T>::type base;
-    arg_from_python(PyObject*);
-};
-
-// specialization for PyObject*
-template <>
-struct arg_from_python<PyObject*>
-{
-    typedef PyObject* result_type;
-    
-    arg_from_python(PyObject*) {}
-    bool convertible() const { return true; }
-    PyObject* operator()(PyObject* source) const { return source; }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct arg_from_python<PyObject* const&>
-{
-    typedef PyObject* const& result_type;
-    arg_from_python(PyObject*) {}
-    bool convertible() const { return true; }
-    PyObject*const& operator()(PyObject*const& source) const { return source; }
-};
-
-//
-// implementations
-//
-template <class T>
-inline arg_from_python<T>::arg_from_python(PyObject* source)
-    : base(source)
-{
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002128_HPP

include/boost/python/args.hpp

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef ARGS_DWA2002323_HPP
-# define ARGS_DWA2002323_HPP
-#  include <boost/config.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/detail/type_list.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-enum no_init_t { no_init };
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class Args>
-  struct args_base {};
-}
-}}
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-// A type list for specifying arguments
-template < BOOST_PYTHON_ENUM_WITH_DEFAULT(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, typename A, mpl::void_) >
-struct args : detail::args_base<args<BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, A)> >
-      , detail::type_list< BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, A) >::type
-{};
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-
-# endif // ARGS_DWA2002323_HPP

include/boost/python/back_reference.hpp

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef BACK_REFERENCE_DWA2002510_HPP
-# define BACK_REFERENCE_DWA2002510_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/object_fwd.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/dependent.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/raw_pyobject.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-template <class T>
-struct back_reference
-{
- private: // types
-    typedef typename detail::dependent<object,T>::type source_t;
- public:
-    typedef T type;
-    
-    back_reference(PyObject*, T);
-    source_t const& source() const;
-    T get() const;
- private:
-    source_t m_source;
-    T m_value;
-};
-
-# ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template<typename T>
-class is_back_reference
-{
- public:
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = false); 
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-class is_back_reference<back_reference<T> >
-{
- public:
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = true);
-};
-
-# else // no partial specialization
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#include <boost/type.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  typedef char (&yes_back_reference_t)[1];
-  typedef char (&no_back_reference_t)[2];
-      
-  no_back_reference_t is_back_reference_test(...);
-
-  template<typename T>
-  yes_back_reference_t is_back_reference_test(boost::type< back_reference<T> >);
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-class is_back_reference
-{
- public:
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, value = (
-            sizeof(detail::is_back_reference_test(boost::type<T>()))
-            == sizeof(detail::yes_back_reference_t)));
-};
-
-# endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
-//
-// implementations
-//
-template <class T>
-back_reference<T>::back_reference(PyObject* p, T x)
-    : m_source(detail::borrowed_reference(p))
-      , m_value(x)
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-typename back_reference<T>::source_t const& back_reference<T>::source() const
-{
-    return m_source;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-T back_reference<T>::get() const
-{
-    return m_value;
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // BACK_REFERENCE_DWA2002510_HPP

include/boost/python/base_type_traits.hpp

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef BASE_TYPE_TRAITS_DWA2002614_HPP
-# define BASE_TYPE_TRAITS_DWA2002614_HPP
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  struct unspecialized {};
-}
-
-// Derive from unspecialized so we can detect whether traits are
-// specialized
-template <class T> struct base_type_traits
-  : detail::unspecialized
-{};
-
-template <>
-struct base_type_traits<PyObject>
-{
-    typedef PyObject type;
-};
-
-template <>
-struct base_type_traits<PyTypeObject>
-{
-    typedef PyObject type;
-};
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // BASE_TYPE_TRAITS_DWA2002614_HPP

include/boost/python/bases.hpp

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef BASES_DWA2002321_HPP
-# define BASES_DWA2002321_HPP
-# include <boost/type_traits/object_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/type_list.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/if.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum_params_with_a_default.hpp>
-# include <boost/preprocessor/enum_params.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-  // A type list for specifying bases
-  template < BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_WITH_A_DEFAULT(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_BASES, typename B, mpl::void_) >
-  struct bases : detail::type_list< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_BASES, B) >::type
-  {};
-
-  namespace detail
-  {
-# ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-    template <class T> struct specifies_bases
-    {
-        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = false);
-    };
-    template < BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_BASES, class B) >
-    struct specifies_bases< bases< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_BASES, B) > >
-    {
-        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = true);
-    };
-# else
-    template < BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_BASES, class B) >
-    static char is_bases_helper(bases< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_BASES, B) > const&);
-    
-    static char (& is_bases_helper(...) )[256];
-
-    template <class T> struct specifies_bases
-    {
-     private:
-        static typename add_reference<T>::type make();
-        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, non_ref = !is_reference<T>::value);
-     public:
-        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = non_ref & (sizeof(is_bases_helper(make())) == 1));
-    };
-# endif
-    template <class T, class Prev = bases<> >
-    struct select_bases
-        : mpl::if_c<
-                specifies_bases<T>::value
-                , T
-                , Prev
-          >
-    {
-    };
-  }
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // BASES_DWA2002321_HPP

include/boost/python/borrowed.hpp

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef BORROWED_DWA2002614_HPP
-# define BORROWED_DWA2002614_HPP
-# include <boost/python/detail/borrowed_ptr.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-template <class T>
-inline python::detail::borrowed<T>* borrowed(T* p)
-{
-    return (detail::borrowed<T>*)p;
-}
-    
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // BORROWED_DWA2002614_HPP

include/boost/python/call.hpp

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#if !defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)
-
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-# ifndef CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
-#  define CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
-
-#  include <boost/type.hpp>
-
-#  include <boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/converter/return_from_python.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/detail/void_return.hpp>
-
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp>
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp>
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/debug/line.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET(z, n, _) \
-    , converter::arg_to_python<A##n>(a##n).get()
-
-#  define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 (3, (0, BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, <boost/python/call.hpp>))
-#  include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
-
-#  undef BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-# endif // CALL_DWA2002411_HPP
-
-#elif BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH() == 1
-# line BOOST_PP_LINE(__LINE__, call.hpp)
-
-# define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
-
-template <
-    class R
-    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(N, class A)
-    >
-typename detail::returnable<R>::type
-call(PyObject* callable
-    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_ENUM(N, A, const& a)
-    , boost::type<R>* = 0
-    )
-{
-    converter::return_from_python<R> converter;
-    return converter(
-        PyEval_CallFunction(
-            callable
-            , const_cast<char*>("(" BOOST_PP_REPEAT_1ST(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FIXED, "O") ")")
-            BOOST_PP_REPEAT_1ST(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET, nil)
-            ));
-}
-
-# undef N
-
-#endif

include/boost/python/call_method.hpp

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#if !defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)
-
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-# ifndef CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
-#  define CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
-
-#  include <boost/type.hpp>
-
-#  include <boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/converter/return_from_python.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
-#  include <boost/python/detail/void_return.hpp>
-
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp>
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/repeat.hpp>
-#  include <boost/preprocessor/debug/line.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-# define BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET(z, n, _) \
-    , converter::arg_to_python<A##n>(a##n).get()
-
-# define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 (3, (0, BOOST_PYTHON_MAX_ARITY, <boost/python/call_method.hpp>))
-# include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
-
-# undef BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-# endif // CALL_METHOD_DWA2002411_HPP
-
-#elif BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH() == 1
-# line BOOST_PP_LINE(__LINE__, call_method.hpp)
-
-# define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
-
-template <
-    class R
-    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_ENUM(N, class A)
-    >
-typename detail::returnable<R>::type
-call_method(PyObject* self, char const* name
-    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(N) BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_ENUM(N, A, const& a)
-    , boost::type<R>* = 0
-    )
-{
-    converter::return_from_python<R> converter;
-    return converter(
-        PyEval_CallMethod(
-            self
-            , const_cast<char*>(name)
-            , const_cast<char*>("(" BOOST_PP_REPEAT_1ST(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FIXED, "O") ")")
-            BOOST_PP_REPEAT_1ST(N, BOOST_PYTHON_FAST_ARG_TO_PYTHON_GET, nil)
-            ));
-}
-
-# undef N
-
-#endif // BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING

include/boost/python/cast.hpp

@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CAST_DWA200269_HPP
-# define CAST_DWA200269_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/same_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/base_type_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/convertible.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class Source, class Target> inline Target* upcast_impl(Source*, Target*);
-  
-  template <class Source, class Target>
-  inline Target* upcast(Source* p, yes_convertible, no_convertible, Target*)
-  {
-      return p;
-  }
-
-  template <class Source, class Target>
-  inline Target* upcast(Source* p, no_convertible, no_convertible, Target*)
-  {
-      typedef typename base_type_traits<Source>::type base;
-      
-      return detail::upcast_impl((base*)p, (Target*)0);
-  }
-
-  template <bool is_same = true>
-  struct upcaster
-  {
-      template <class T>
-      static inline T* execute(T* x, T*) { return x; }
-  };
-  
-  template <>
-  struct upcaster<false>
-  {
-      template <class Source, class Target>
-      static inline Target* execute(Source* x, Target*)
-      {
-          return detail::upcast(
-              x, detail::convertible<Target*>::check(x)
-              , detail::convertible<Source*>::check((Target*)0)
-              , (Target*)0);
-      }
-  };
-
-
-  template <class Target, class Source>
-  inline Target* downcast(Source* p, yes_convertible)
-  {
-      return static_cast<Target*>(p);
-  }
-
-  template <class Target, class Source>
-  inline Target* downcast(Source* p, no_convertible, boost::type<Target>* = 0)
-  {
-      typedef typename base_type_traits<Source>::type base;
-      return (Target*)detail::downcast<base>(p, convertible<Source*>::check((base*)0));
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline void assert_castable(boost::type<T>* = 0)
-  {
-      typedef char must_be_a_complete_type[sizeof(T)];
-  }
-
-  template <class Source, class Target>
-  inline Target* upcast_impl(Source* x, Target*)
-  {
-      typedef typename add_cv<Source>::type src_t;
-      typedef typename add_cv<Target>::type target_t;
-      static bool const same = is_same<src_t,target_t>::value;
-      
-      return detail::upcaster<same>::execute(x, (Target*)0);
-  }
-}
-
-template <class Target, class Source>
-inline Target* upcast(Source* x, Target* = 0)
-{
-    detail::assert_castable<Source>();
-    detail::assert_castable<Target>();
-    return detail::upcast_impl(x, (Target*)0);
-    
-}
-
-template <class Target, class Source>
-inline Target* downcast(Source* x, Target* = 0)
-{
-    detail::assert_castable<Source>();
-    detail::assert_castable<Target>();
-    return detail::downcast<Target>(x, detail::convertible<Source*>::check((Target*)0));
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // CAST_DWA200269_HPP

include/boost/python/class.hpp

@@ -1,450 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CLASS_DWA200216_HPP
-# define CLASS_DWA200216_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/class_fwd.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/class.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/bases.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/args.hpp>
-
-# include <boost/python/object.hpp>
-
-# include <boost/python/type_id.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/member_function_cast.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/class_converters.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/ice.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/same_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/size.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/for_each.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/bool_c.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/select_holder.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/class_wrapper.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/make_instance.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/data_members.hpp>
-# include <boost/utility.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/operator_id.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/pickle_support.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/make_function.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/add_to_namespace.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/def_helper.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/force_instantiate.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/defaults_def.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/signature.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/init.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  // This function object is used with mpl::for_each to write the id
-  // of the type a pointer to which is passed as its 2nd compile-time
-  // argument. into the iterator pointed to by its runtime argument
-  struct write_type_id
-  {
-      write_type_id(type_info**p) : p(p) {}
-
-      // Here's the runtime behavior
-      template <class T>
-      void operator()(T*) const
-      {
-          *(*p)++ = type_id<T>();
-      }
-
-      type_info** p;
-  };
-
-  template <class T, class Prev = detail::not_specified>
-  struct select_held_type;
-
-  template <class T1, class T2, class T3>
-  struct has_noncopyable;
-
-  template <detail::operator_id, class L, class R>
-  struct operator_;
-
-  // Register a to_python converter for a class T, depending on the
-  // type of the first (tag) argument. The 2nd argument is a pointer
-  // to the type of holder that must be created. The 3rd argument is a
-  // reference to the Python type object to be created.
-  template <class T, class SelectHolder>
-  static inline void register_copy_constructor(mpl::bool_c<true> const&, SelectHolder const& , T* = 0)
-  {
-      typedef typename SelectHolder::type holder;
-      force_instantiate(objects::class_wrapper<T,holder, objects::make_instance<T,holder> >());
-      SelectHolder::register_();
-  }
-
-  // Tag dispatched to have no effect.
-  template <class T, class SelectHolder>
-  static inline void register_copy_constructor(mpl::bool_c<false> const&, SelectHolder const&, T* = 0)
-  {
-      SelectHolder::register_();
-  }
-
-  template <class T> int assert_default_constructible(T const&);
-}
-
-//
-// class_<T,Bases,HolderGenerator>
-//
-//      This is the primary mechanism through which users will expose
-//      C++ classes to Python. The three template arguments are:
-//
-template <
-    class T // class being wrapped
-    , class X1 // = detail::not_specified
-    , class X2 // = detail::not_specified
-    , class X3 // = detail::not_specified
-    >
-class class_ : public objects::class_base
-{
- private: // types
-   typedef objects::class_base base;
-
-    typedef class_<T,X1,X2,X3> self;
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_copyable = (!detail::has_noncopyable<X1,X2,X3>::value));
-
-    typedef typename detail::select_held_type<
-        X1, typename detail::select_held_type<
-        X2, typename detail::select_held_type<
-        X3
-    >::type>::type>::type held_type;
-
-    typedef objects::select_holder<T,held_type> holder_selector;
-
-    typedef typename detail::select_bases<X1
-            , typename detail::select_bases<X2
-              , typename boost::python::detail::select_bases<X3>::type
-              >::type
-            >::type bases;
-
-    // A helper class which will contain an array of id objects to be
-    // passed to the base class constructor
-    struct id_vector
-    {
-        id_vector()
-        {
-            // Stick the derived class id into the first element of the array
-            ids[0] = type_id<T>();
-
-            // Write the rest of the elements into succeeding positions.
-            type_info* p = ids + 1;
-            mpl::for_each(detail::write_type_id(&p), (bases*)0, (add_pointer<mpl::_>*)0);
-        }
-
-        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-            std::size_t, size = mpl::size<bases>::value + 1);
-        type_info ids[size];
-    };
-    friend struct id_vector;
-
- public:
-    // Automatically derive the class name - only works on some
-    // compilers because type_info::name is sometimes mangled (gcc)
-//    class_();           // With default-constructor init function
-//    class_(no_init_t);  // With no init function
-
-    // Construct with the class name, with or without docstring, and default init() function
-    class_(char const* name, char const* doc = 0);
-
-    // Construct with class name, no docstring, and no init() function
-    class_(char const* name, no_init_t);
-
-    // Construct with class name, docstring, and no init() function
-    class_(char const* name, char const* doc, no_init_t);
-
-    template <class DerivedT>
-    inline class_(char const* name, init_base<DerivedT> const& i)
-        : base(name, id_vector::size, id_vector().ids)
-    {
-        this->register_();
-        define_init(*this, i.derived());
-        this->set_instance_size(holder_selector::additional_size());
-    }
-
-    template <class DerivedT>
-    inline class_(char const* name, char const* doc, init_base<DerivedT> const& i)
-        : base(name, id_vector::size, id_vector().ids, doc)
-    {
-        this->register_();
-        define_init(*this, i.derived());
-        this->set_instance_size(holder_selector::additional_size());
-    }
-
-    // Wrap a member function or a non-member function which can take
-    // a T, T cv&, or T cv* as its first parameter, or a callable
-    // python object.
-    template <class F>
-    self& def(char const* name, F f)
-    {
-        this->def_impl(name, f, default_call_policies(), 0, &f);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class DerivedT>
-    self& def(init_base<DerivedT> const& i)
-    {
-        define_init(*this, i.derived());
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class Arg1T, class Arg2T>
-    self& def(char const* name, Arg1T arg1, Arg2T const& arg2)
-    {
-        //  The arguments may be:
-        //      def(name, function)
-        //      def(name, function, policy)
-        //      def(name, function, doc_string)
-        //      def(name, signature, stubs)
-
-        dispatch_def(&arg2, name, arg1, arg2);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class Arg1T, class Arg2T, class Arg3T>
-    self& def(char const* name, Arg1T arg1, Arg2T const& arg2, Arg3T const& arg3)
-    {
-        //  The arguments are definitely:
-        //      def(name, function, policy, doc_string)
-        //      def(name, function, doc_string, policy)
-
-        dispatch_def(&arg2, name, arg1, arg2, arg3);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <detail::operator_id id, class L, class R>
-    self& def(detail::operator_<id,L,R> const& op)
-    {
-        typedef detail::operator_<id,L,R> op_t;
-        return this->def(op.name(), &op_t::template apply<T>::execute);
-    }
-
-    // Define the constructor with the given Args, which should be an
-    // MPL sequence of types.
-    template <class Args>
-    self& def_init(Args const&)
-    {
-        return this->def("__init__",
-            python::make_constructor<Args>(
-                // Using runtime type selection works around a CWPro7 bug.
-                holder_selector::execute((held_type*)0).get()
-                )
-            );
-    }
-
-    template <class Args, class CallPolicyOrDoc>
-    self& def_init(Args const&, CallPolicyOrDoc const& policy_or_doc, char const* doc = 0)
-    {
-        typedef detail::def_helper<CallPolicyOrDoc> helper;
-
-        return this->def(
-            "__init__",
-            python::make_constructor<Args>(
-                helper::get_policy(policy_or_doc)
-                // Using runtime type selection works around a CWPro7 bug.
-                , holder_selector::execute((held_type*)0).get()
-                )
-            , helper::get_doc(policy_or_doc, doc)
-            );
-    }
-
-    // Define the default constructor.
-    self& def_init()
-    {
-        this->def_init(mpl::list0<>::type());
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    //
-    // Data member access
-    //
-    template <class D>
-    self& def_readonly(char const* name, D T::*pm)
-    {
-        this->add_property(name, make_getter(pm));
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class D>
-    self& def_readwrite(char const* name, D T::*pm)
-    {
-        return this->add_property(name, make_getter(pm), make_setter(pm));
-    }
-
-    // Property creation
-    template <class Get>
-    self& add_property(char const* name, Get const& fget)
-    {
-        base::add_property(name, object(fget));
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class Get, class Set>
-    self& add_property(char const* name, Get const& fget, Set const& fset)
-    {
-        base::add_property(name, object(fget), object(fset));
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <class U>
-    self& setattr(char const* name, U const& x)
-    {
-        this->base::setattr(name, object(x));
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    // Pickle support
-    template <typename PickleSuiteType>
-    self& def_pickle(PickleSuiteType const& x)
-    {
-      error_messages::must_be_derived_from_pickle_suite(x);
-      detail::pickle_suite_finalize<PickleSuiteType>::register_(
-        *this,
-        &PickleSuiteType::getinitargs,
-        &PickleSuiteType::getstate,
-        &PickleSuiteType::setstate,
-        PickleSuiteType::getstate_manages_dict());
-      return *this;
-    }
-
- private: // helper functions
-
-    template <class Fn, class Policies>
-    inline void def_impl(char const* name, Fn fn, Policies const& policies
-                         , char const* doc, ...)
-    {
-        objects::add_to_namespace(
-            *this, name,
-            make_function(
-                    // This bit of nastiness casts F to a member function of T if possible.
-                detail::member_function_cast<T,Fn>::stage1(fn).stage2((T*)0).stage3(fn)
-                , policies)
-            , doc);
-    }
-
-    template <class F>
-    inline void def_impl(char const* name, F f, default_call_policies const&
-                         , char const* doc, object const*)
-    {
-        objects::add_to_namespace(*this, name, f, doc);
-    }
-
-    inline void register_() const;
-
-    template <class StubsT, class SigT>
-    void dispatch_def(
-        detail::overloads_base const*,
-        char const* name,
-        SigT sig,
-        StubsT const& stubs)
-    {
-        //  convert sig to a type_list (see detail::get_signature in signature.hpp)
-        //  before calling detail::define_with_defaults.
-        detail::define_with_defaults(
-            name, stubs, *this, detail::get_signature(sig));
-    }
-
-    template <class Fn, class CallPolicyOrDoc>
-    void dispatch_def(
-        void const*,
-        char const* name,
-        Fn fn,
-        CallPolicyOrDoc const& policy_or_doc)
-    {
-        typedef detail::def_helper<CallPolicyOrDoc> helper;
-        this->def_impl(
-            name, fn, helper::get_policy(policy_or_doc),
-            helper::get_doc(policy_or_doc, 0), &fn);
-
-    }
-
-    template <class Fn, class CallPolicyOrDoc1, class CallPolicyOrDoc2>
-    void dispatch_def(
-        void const*,
-        char const* name,
-        Fn fn,
-        CallPolicyOrDoc1 const& policy_or_doc1,
-        CallPolicyOrDoc2 const& policy_or_doc2)
-    {
-        typedef detail::def_helper<CallPolicyOrDoc1> helper;
-
-        this->def_impl(
-            name, fn, helper::get_policy(policy_or_doc1, policy_or_doc2),
-            helper::get_doc(policy_or_doc1, policy_or_doc2), &fn);
-    }
-};
-
-
-//
-// implementations
-//
-        // register converters
-template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
-inline void class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::register_() const
-{
-    objects::register_class_from_python<T,bases>();
-
-    detail::register_copy_constructor<T>(
-        mpl::bool_c<is_copyable>()
-        , holder_selector::execute((held_type*)0)
-        );
-}
-
-template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
-inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::class_(char const* name, char const* doc)
-    : base(name, id_vector::size, id_vector().ids, doc)
-{
-    this->register_();
-    detail::force_instantiate(sizeof(detail::assert_default_constructible(T())));
-    this->def_init();
-    this->set_instance_size(holder_selector::additional_size());
-}
-
-template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
-inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::class_(char const* name, no_init_t)
-    : base(name, id_vector::size, id_vector().ids)
-{
-    this->register_();
-    this->def_no_init();
-}
-
-template <class T, class X1, class X2, class X3>
-inline class_<T,X1,X2,X3>::class_(char const* name, char const* doc, no_init_t)
-    : base(name, id_vector::size, id_vector().ids, doc)
-{
-    this->register_();
-    this->def_no_init();
-}
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class T1, class T2, class T3>
-  struct has_noncopyable
-      : type_traits::ice_or<
-        is_same<T1,noncopyable>::value
-      , is_same<T2,noncopyable>::value
-      , is_same<T3,noncopyable>::value>
-  {};
-
-
-    template <class T, class Prev>
-    struct select_held_type
-        : mpl::if_c<
-            type_traits::ice_or<
-                 specifies_bases<T>::value
-               , is_same<T,noncopyable>::value
-            >::value
-            , Prev
-            , T
-          >
-    {
-    };
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // CLASS_DWA200216_HPP

include/boost/python/class_builder.hpp

@@ -25,22 +25,6 @@ class class_builder
         module.add(ref(as_object(m_class.get()), ref::increment_count), name);
     }
     
-  template <class OtherT, class OtherU>
-    class_builder(class_builder<OtherT, OtherU>& cls, const char* name)
-        : m_class(new detail::extension_class<T, U>(name))
-    {
-        cls.add(ref(as_object(m_class.get()), ref::increment_count), name);
-    }
-    
-  template <class OtherT, class OtherU>
-    class_builder(detail::extension_class<OtherT, OtherU>* cls,
-                  const char* name)
-        : m_class(new detail::extension_class<T, U>(name))
-    {
-        cls->set_attribute(name,
-                           ref(as_object(m_class.get()), ref::increment_count));
-    }
-    
     ~class_builder()
     {}
 

include/boost/python/class_fwd.hpp

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef CLASS_FWD_DWA200222_HPP
-# define CLASS_FWD_DWA200222_HPP
-# include <boost/python/detail/not_specified.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/args.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/bases.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  struct empty_list;
-}
-
-template <
-    class T // class being wrapped
-    // arbitrarily-ordered optional arguments. Full qualification needed for MSVC6
-    , class X1 = ::boost::python::detail::not_specified
-    , class X2 = ::boost::python::detail::not_specified
-    , class X3 = ::boost::python::detail::not_specified
-    >
-class class_;
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // CLASS_FWD_DWA200222_HPP

include/boost/python/classes.hpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 namespace boost { namespace python {
 
 // A simple type which acts something like a built-in Python class obj.
-class BOOST_PYTHON_DECL instance
+class instance
     : public boost::python::detail::python_object
 {
  public:
@@ -78,19 +78,6 @@ class BOOST_PYTHON_DECL instance
     PyObject* gt(PyObject* other);
     PyObject* ge(PyObject* other);
 
-    // Inplace operations.
-    PyObject* inplace_add(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_subtract(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_multiply(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_divide(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_remainder(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_power(PyObject* exponent, PyObject* modulus);
-    PyObject* inplace_lshift(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_rshift(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_and(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_or(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* inplace_xor(PyObject* other);
-
  private: // noncopyable, without the size bloat
     instance(const instance&);
     void operator=(const instance&);
@@ -105,7 +92,7 @@ class BOOST_PYTHON_DECL instance
 template <class T> class meta_class;
 
 namespace detail {
-  class BOOST_PYTHON_DECL class_base : public type_object_base
+  class class_base : public type_object_base
   {
    public:
       class_base(PyTypeObject* meta_class_obj, string name, tuple bases, const dictionary& name_space);
@@ -128,10 +115,6 @@ namespace detail {
 
    private: // boost::python::type_object_base required interface implementation
       void instance_dealloc(PyObject*) const; // subclasses should not override this
-    
-   private: // noncopyable, without the size bloat
-      class_base(const class_base&);
-      void operator=(const class_base&);
       
    private:
       string m_name;
@@ -145,11 +128,11 @@ namespace detail {
 // A type which acts a lot like a built-in Python class. T is the obj type,
 // so class_t<instance> is a very simple "class-alike".
 template <class T>
-class class_t : public boost::python::detail::class_base
+class class_t
+    : public boost::python::detail::class_base
 {
  public:
     class_t(meta_class<T>* meta_class_obj, string name, tuple bases, const dictionary& name_space);
-    ~class_t();
     
     // Standard Python functions.
     PyObject* call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords);
@@ -195,18 +178,6 @@ class class_t : public boost::python::detail::class_base
     PyObject* instance_number_oct(PyObject*) const;
     PyObject* instance_number_hex(PyObject*) const;
 
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_add(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_subtract(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_multiply(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_divide(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_remainder(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_power(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_lshift(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_rshift(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_and(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_or(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_inplace_xor(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-
  private: // Implement rich comparisons
     PyObject* instance_lt(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
     PyObject* instance_le(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
@@ -222,6 +193,10 @@ class class_t : public boost::python::detail::class_base
 
  private: // Implementation of boost::python::detail::class_base required interface
     void delete_instance(PyObject*) const;
+    
+ private: // noncopyable, without the size bloat
+    class_t(const class_t<T>&);
+    void operator=(const class_t&);
 };
 
 // The type of a class_t<T> object.
@@ -232,7 +207,7 @@ class meta_class
                    boost::python::detail::getattrable<
                       boost::python::detail::setattrable<
                          boost::python::detail::type_object<class_t<T> > > > > >,
-      private boost::noncopyable
+      boost::noncopyable
 {
  public:
     meta_class();
@@ -264,11 +239,6 @@ class_t<T>::class_t(meta_class<T>* meta_class_obj, string name, tuple bases, con
 {
 }
 
-template <class T>
-class_t<T>::~class_t()
-{
-}
-
 template <class T>
 void class_t<T>::delete_instance(PyObject* obj) const
 {
@@ -349,21 +319,19 @@ int class_t<T>::instance_mapping_ass_subscript(PyObject* obj, PyObject* key, PyO
     return 0;
 }
 
-bool BOOST_PYTHON_DECL adjust_slice_indices(PyObject* obj, int& start, int& finish);
+void adjust_slice_indices(PyObject* obj, int& start, int& finish);
 
 template <class T>
 PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_sequence_slice(PyObject* obj, int start, int finish) const
 {
-    if (!adjust_slice_indices(obj, start, finish))
-        return 0;
+    adjust_slice_indices(obj, start, finish);    
     return downcast<T>(obj)->get_slice(start, finish);
 }
 
 template <class T>
 int class_t<T>::instance_sequence_ass_slice(PyObject* obj, int start, int finish, PyObject* value) const
 {
-    if (!adjust_slice_indices(obj, start, finish))
-        return -1;
+    adjust_slice_indices(obj, start, finish);
     downcast<T>(obj)->set_slice(start, finish, value);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -525,72 +493,6 @@ PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_hex(PyObject* obj) const
     return downcast<T>(obj)->hex();
 }
 
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_add(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_add(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_subtract(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_subtract(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_multiply(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_multiply(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_divide(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_divide(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_remainder(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_remainder(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_power(PyObject* obj, PyObject* exponent, PyObject* modulus) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_power(exponent, modulus);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_lshift(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_lshift(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_rshift(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_rshift(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_and(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_and(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_or(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_or(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_inplace_xor(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->inplace_xor(other);
-}
-
 template <class T>
 PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_lt(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
 {

include/boost/python/conversions.hpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 # include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/detail/none.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp>
-# include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
 # include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
 # include <string>
 
@@ -122,67 +122,61 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
 // Converters
 //
 PyObject* to_python(long);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<long>);
+long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<long>);
 long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const long&>);
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(unsigned long);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL unsigned long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned long>);
+PyObject* to_python(unsigned long);
+unsigned long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned long>);
 unsigned long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const unsigned long&>);
 
 PyObject* to_python(int);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<int>);
+int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<int>);
 int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const int&>);
     
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(unsigned int);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL unsigned int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned int>);
+PyObject* to_python(unsigned int);
+unsigned int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned int>);
 unsigned int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const unsigned int&>);
 
 PyObject* to_python(short);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<short>);
+short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<short>);
 short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const short&>);
     
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(unsigned short);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL unsigned short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned short>);
+PyObject* to_python(unsigned short);
+unsigned short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned short>);
 unsigned short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const unsigned short&>);
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(char);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<char>);
+PyObject* to_python(char);
+char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<char>);
 char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const char&>);
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(signed char);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL signed char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<signed char>);
+PyObject* to_python(signed char);
+signed char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<signed char>);
 signed char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const signed char&>);
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(unsigned char);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL unsigned char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned char>);
+PyObject* to_python(unsigned char);
+unsigned char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned char>);
 unsigned char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const unsigned char&>);
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL float from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<float>);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL double from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<double>);
-
-# if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || BOOST_MSVC > 1300
 PyObject* to_python(float);
-PyObject* to_python(double);
-# else
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(float);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(double);
-# endif 
+float from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<float>);
 float from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const float&>);
     
+PyObject* to_python(double);
+double from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<double>);
 double from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const double&>);
     
 PyObject* to_python(bool);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL bool from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<bool>);
+bool from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<bool>);
 bool from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const bool&>);
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(void);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<void>);
+PyObject* to_python(void);
+void from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<void>);
 
 PyObject* to_python(const char* s);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL const char* from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const char*>);
+const char* from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const char*>);
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* to_python(const std::string& s);
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL std::string from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<std::string>);
+PyObject* to_python(const std::string& s);
+std::string from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<std::string>);
 std::string from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const std::string&>);
 
 inline PyObject* to_python(const std::complex<float>& x)
@@ -260,7 +254,7 @@ PyObject* from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<PyObject*>);
 // #endif
 // }} // namespace boost::python
 
-#if !defined(BOOST_NO_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_ORDERING)
+#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER)
 template <class T>
 boost::shared_ptr<T> from_python(PyObject*p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
 {
@@ -286,7 +280,7 @@ PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> p)
 // inline implementations
 //
 
-#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || BOOST_MSVC > 1300
+#ifndef BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
 inline PyObject* to_python(double d)
 {
     return PyFloat_FromDouble(d);
@@ -296,7 +290,7 @@ inline PyObject* to_python(float f)
 {
     return PyFloat_FromDouble(f);
 }
-#endif
+#endif // BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
 
 inline PyObject* to_python(long l)
 {

include/boost/python/converter/arg_from_python.hpp

@@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP
-# define ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/converter/from_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/indirect_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/transform_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/rvalue_from_python_data.hpp>
-# include <boost/mpl/if.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registry.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registered.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registered_pointee.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/void_ptr.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/back_reference.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/referent_storage.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/obj_mgr_arg_from_python.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python
-{
-  template <class T> struct arg_from_python;
-}}
-
-// This header defines Python->C++ function argument converters,
-// parametrized on the argument type.
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter {
-
-//
-// lvalue converters
-//
-//   These require that an lvalue of the type U is stored somewhere in
-//   the Python object being converted.
-
-// Used when T == U*const&
-template <class T>
-struct pointer_cref_arg_from_python
-{
-    typedef T result_type;
-    
-    pointer_cref_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
-    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-    bool convertible() const;
-    
- private: // storage for a U*
-    // needed because not all compilers will let us declare U* as the
-    // return type of operator() -- we return U*const& instead
-    typename python::detail::referent_storage<T>::type m_result;
-};
-
-// Base class for pointer and reference converters
-struct arg_lvalue_from_python_base
-{
- public: // member functions
-    arg_lvalue_from_python_base(void* result);
-    bool convertible() const;
-    
- protected: // member functions
-    void*const& result() const;
-    
- private: // data members
-    void* m_result;
-};
-
-// Used when T == U* 
-template <class T>
-struct pointer_arg_from_python : arg_lvalue_from_python_base
-{
-    typedef T result_type;
-    
-    pointer_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
-    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-};
-
-// Used when T == U& and (T != V const& or T == W volatile&)
-template <class T>
-struct reference_arg_from_python : arg_lvalue_from_python_base
-{
-    typedef T result_type;
-    
-    reference_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
-    T operator()(PyObject*) const;
-};
-
-// ===================
-
-//
-// rvalue converters
-//
-//   These require only that an object of type T can be created from
-//   the given Python object, but not that the T object exist
-//   somewhere in storage.
-//
-
-// Used when T is a plain value (non-pointer, non-reference) type or
-// a (non-volatile) const reference to a plain value type.
-template <class T>
-struct arg_rvalue_from_python
-{
-    typedef typename boost::add_reference<
-        typename boost::add_const<T>::type
-    >::type result_type;
-    
-    arg_rvalue_from_python(PyObject*);
-    bool convertible() const;
-    
-    result_type operator()(PyObject*);
-    
- private:
-    rvalue_from_python_data<result_type> m_data;
-};
-
-
-// ==================
-
-// Converts to a (PyObject*,T) bundle, for when you need a reference
-// back to the Python object
-template <class T>
-struct back_reference_arg_from_python
-    : boost::python::arg_from_python<typename T::type>
-{
-    typedef T result_type;
-    
-    back_reference_arg_from_python(PyObject*);
-    T operator()(PyObject*);
- private:
-    typedef boost::python::arg_from_python<typename T::type> base;
-};
-
-
-// ==================
-
-// This metafunction selects the appropriate arg_from_python converter
-// type for an argument of type T.
-template <class T>
-struct select_arg_from_python
-{
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, obj_mgr = is_object_manager<T>::value);
-    
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, obj_mgr_ref = is_reference_to_object_manager<T>::value);
-    
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
-    
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, ptr_cref
-            = boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_pointer<T>::value
-            && boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_const<T>::value
-            && !boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_volatile<T>::value);
-    
-    
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, ref =
-        boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_non_const<T>::value
-        || boost::python::detail::is_reference_to_volatile<T>::value);
-
-    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-        bool, back_ref =
-        boost::python::is_back_reference<T>::value);
-
-    typedef typename mpl::if_c<
-        obj_mgr
-        , object_manager_value_arg_from_python<T>
-        , typename mpl::if_c<
-            obj_mgr_ref
-            , object_manager_ref_arg_from_python<T>
-            , typename mpl::if_c<
-                ptr
-                , pointer_arg_from_python<T>
-                , typename mpl::if_c<
-                    ptr_cref
-                    , pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>
-                    , typename mpl::if_c<
-                        ref
-                        , reference_arg_from_python<T>
-                        , typename mpl::if_c<
-                            back_ref
-                            , back_reference_arg_from_python<T>
-                            , arg_rvalue_from_python<T>
-                          >::type
-                      >::type
-                  >::type
-              >::type
-          >::type
-      >::type type;
-};
-
-// ==================
-
-//
-// implementations
-//
-
-// arg_lvalue_from_python_base
-//
-inline arg_lvalue_from_python_base::arg_lvalue_from_python_base(void* result)
-    : m_result(result)
-{
-}
-
-inline bool arg_lvalue_from_python_base::convertible() const
-{
-    return m_result != 0;
-}
-
-inline void*const& arg_lvalue_from_python_base::result() const
-{
-    return m_result;
-}
-
-// pointer_cref_arg_from_python
-//
-namespace detail
-{
-  // null_ptr_reference -- a function returning a reference to a null
-  // pointer of type U. Needed so that extractors for T*const& can
-  // convert Python's None.
-  template <class T>
-  struct null_ptr_owner
-  {
-      static T value;
-  };
-  template <class T> T null_ptr_owner<T>::value = 0;
-  
-  template <class U>
-  inline U& null_ptr_reference(U&(*)())
-  {
-      return null_ptr_owner<U>::value;
-  }
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>::pointer_cref_arg_from_python(PyObject* p)
-{
-    // T == U*const&: store a U* in the m_result storage. Nonzero
-    // indicates success.  If find returns nonzero, it's a pointer to
-    // a U object.
-    python::detail::write_void_ptr_reference(
-        m_result.bytes
-        , p == Py_None ? p : converter::get_lvalue_from_python(p, registered_pointee<T>::converters)
-        , (T(*)())0);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline bool pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>::convertible() const
-{
-    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_result.bytes, (T(*)())0) != 0;
-}
-template <class T>
-inline T pointer_cref_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p) const
-{
-    return (p == Py_None)  // None ==> 0
-        ? detail::null_ptr_reference((T(*)())0)
-        // Otherwise, return a U*const& to the m_result storage.
-        : python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_result.bytes, (T(*)())0);
-}
-
-// pointer_arg_from_python
-//
-template <class T>
-inline pointer_arg_from_python<T>::pointer_arg_from_python(PyObject* p)
-    : arg_lvalue_from_python_base(
-        p == Py_None ? p : converter::get_lvalue_from_python(p, registered_pointee<T>::converters))
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline T pointer_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p) const
-{
-    return (p == Py_None) ? 0 : T(result());
-}
-
-// reference_arg_from_python
-//
-template <class T>
-inline reference_arg_from_python<T>::reference_arg_from_python(PyObject* p)
-    : arg_lvalue_from_python_base(converter::get_lvalue_from_python(p,registered<T>::converters))
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline T reference_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject*) const
-{
-    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(result(), (T(*)())0);
-}
-
-
-// arg_rvalue_from_python
-//
-template <class T>
-inline arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::arg_rvalue_from_python(PyObject* obj)
-    : m_data(converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1(obj, registered<T>::converters))
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline bool arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::convertible() const
-{
-    return m_data.stage1.convertible != 0;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline typename arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::result_type
-arg_rvalue_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* p)
-{
-    if (m_data.stage1.construct != 0)
-        m_data.stage1.construct(p, &m_data.stage1);
-    
-    return python::detail::void_ptr_to_reference(m_data.stage1.convertible, (result_type(*)())0);
-}
-
-// back_reference_arg_from_python
-//
-template <class T>
-back_reference_arg_from_python<T>::back_reference_arg_from_python(PyObject* x)
-    : base(x)
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline T
-back_reference_arg_from_python<T>::operator()(PyObject* x)
-{
-    return T(x, base::operator()(x));
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // ARG_FROM_PYTHON_DWA2002127_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python.hpp

@@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef ARG_TO_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP
-# define ARG_TO_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP
-
-# include <boost/python/ptr.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registered.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/registered_pointee.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/converter/arg_to_python_base.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/to_python_indirect.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/composite_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/indirect_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/convertible.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/string_literal.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/base_type_traits.hpp>
-// Bring in specializations
-# include <boost/python/converter/builtin_converters.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/tag.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/object/function_handle.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter { 
-
-template <class T> struct is_object_manager;
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void throw_no_class_registered();
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct function_arg_to_python : handle<>
-  {
-      function_arg_to_python(T const& x);
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct reference_arg_to_python : handle<>
-  {
-      reference_arg_to_python(T& x);
-   private:
-      static PyObject* get_object(T& x);
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct value_arg_to_python : arg_to_python_base
-  {
-      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-      value_arg_to_python(T const&);
-  };
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  struct pointer_deep_arg_to_python : arg_to_python_base
-  {
-      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-      pointer_deep_arg_to_python(Ptr);
-  };
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  struct pointer_shallow_arg_to_python : handle<>
-  {
-      // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-      pointer_shallow_arg_to_python(Ptr);
-   private:
-      static PyObject* get_object(Ptr p);
-  };
-
-  // Convert types that manage a Python object to_python
-  template <class T>
-  struct object_manager_arg_to_python
-  {
-      object_manager_arg_to_python(T const& x) : m_src(x) {}
-      
-      PyObject* get() const
-      {
-          return python::upcast<PyObject>(get_managed_object(m_src, tag));
-      }
-      
-   private:
-      T const& m_src;
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  struct select_arg_to_python
-  {
-      // Special handling for char const[N]; interpret them as char
-      // const* for the sake of conversion
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, is_string = python::detail::is_string_literal<T const>::value);
-      
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, function = is_function<T>::value | python::detail::is_pointer_to_function<T>::value | is_member_function_pointer<T>::value);
-      
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, manager = is_object_manager<T>::value);
-      
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ptr = is_pointer<T>::value);
-      
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ref_wrapper = is_reference_wrapper<T>::value);
-
-      BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(
-          bool, ptr_wrapper = is_pointer_wrapper<T>::value);
-
-      typedef typename unwrap_reference<T>::type unwrapped_referent;
-      typedef typename unwrap_pointer<T>::type unwrapped_ptr;
-
-      typedef typename mpl::if_c<
-          is_string
-          , arg_to_python<char const*>
-          , typename mpl::if_c<
-              function
-              , function_arg_to_python<T>
-              , typename mpl::if_c<
-                  manager
-                  , object_manager_arg_to_python<T>
-                  , typename mpl::if_c<
-                      ptr
-                      , pointer_deep_arg_to_python<T>
-                      , typename mpl::if_c<
-                          ptr_wrapper
-                          , pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<unwrapped_ptr>
-                          , typename mpl::if_c<
-                              ref_wrapper
-                              , reference_arg_to_python<unwrapped_referent>
-                              , value_arg_to_python<T>
-                            >::type
-                        >::type
-                    >::type
-                >::type
-            >::type
-        >::type
-      type;
-  };
-}
-
-template <class T>
-struct arg_to_python
-    : detail::select_arg_to_python<T>::type
-{
-    typedef typename detail::select_arg_to_python<T>::type base;
- public: // member functions
-    // Throw an exception if the conversion can't succeed
-    arg_to_python(T const& x);
-};
-
-//
-// implementations
-//
-namespace detail
-{
-  // reject_raw_object_ptr -- cause a compile-time error if the user
-  // should pass a raw Python object pointer
-  using python::detail::yes_convertible;
-  using python::detail::no_convertible;
-  using python::detail::unspecialized;
-  
-  template <class T> struct cannot_convert_raw_PyObject;
-
-  template <class T, class Convertibility>
-  struct reject_raw_object_helper
-  {
-      static void error(Convertibility)
-      {
-          cannot_convert_raw_PyObject<T*>::to_python_use_handle_instead();
-      }
-      static void error(...) {}
-  };
-  
-  template <class T>
-  inline void reject_raw_object_ptr(T*)
-  {
-      reject_raw_object_helper<T,yes_convertible>::error(
-          python::detail::convertible<PyObject const volatile*>::check((T*)0));
-      
-      typedef typename remove_cv<T>::type value_type;
-      
-      reject_raw_object_helper<T,no_convertible>::error(
-          python::detail::convertible<unspecialized*>::check(
-              (base_type_traits<value_type>*)0
-              ));
-  }
-  // ---------
-      
-  template <class T>
-  inline function_arg_to_python<T>::function_arg_to_python(T const& x)
-      : handle<>(python::objects::make_function_handle(x))
-  {
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline value_arg_to_python<T>::value_arg_to_python(T const& x)
-      : arg_to_python_base(&x, registered<T>::converters)
-  {
-  }
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  inline pointer_deep_arg_to_python<Ptr>::pointer_deep_arg_to_python(Ptr x)
-      : arg_to_python_base(x, registered_pointee<Ptr>::converters)
-  {
-      detail::reject_raw_object_ptr((Ptr)0);
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline PyObject* reference_arg_to_python<T>::get_object(T& x)
-  {
-      to_python_indirect<T&,python::detail::make_reference_holder> convert;
-      if (!convert.convertible())
-          throw_no_class_registered();
-      return convert(x);
-  }
-
-  template <class T>
-  inline reference_arg_to_python<T>::reference_arg_to_python(T& x)
-      : handle<>(reference_arg_to_python<T>::get_object(x))
-  {
-  }
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  inline pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<Ptr>::pointer_shallow_arg_to_python(Ptr x)
-      : handle<>(pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<Ptr>::get_object(x))
-  {
-      detail::reject_raw_object_ptr((Ptr)0);
-  }
-
-  template <class Ptr>
-  inline PyObject* pointer_shallow_arg_to_python<Ptr>::get_object(Ptr x)
-  {
-      to_python_indirect<Ptr,python::detail::make_reference_holder> convert;
-      if (!convert.convertible())
-          throw_no_class_registered();
-      return x ? convert(x) : python::detail::none();
-  }
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline arg_to_python<T>::arg_to_python(T const& x)
-    : base(x)
-{}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // ARG_TO_PYTHON_DWA200265_HPP

include/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python_base.hpp

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright David Abrahams 2002. Permission to copy, use,
-// modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-// to its suitability for any purpose.
-#ifndef ARG_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
-# define ARG_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP
-# include <boost/python/converter/to_python_function_type.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/handle.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace converter {
-
-struct registration;
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  struct BOOST_PYTHON_DECL arg_to_python_base
-# if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || BOOST_MSVC <= 1300 || _MSC_FULL_VER > 13102179
-      : handle<>
-# endif 
-  {
-      arg_to_python_base(void const volatile* source, registration const&);
-# if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_MSVC > 1300 && _MSC_FULL_VER <= 13102179
-      PyObject* get() const { return m_ptr.get(); }
-      PyObject* release() { return m_ptr.release(); }
-   private:
-      handle<> m_ptr;
-# endif 
-  };
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::converter
-
-#endif // ARG_TO_PYTHON_BASE_DWA200237_HPP