2
0
mirror of https://github.com/boostorg/python.git synced 2026-01-20 04:42:28 +00:00

Compare commits

..

91 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Andreas Pokorny
f9e29281b4 + creating a branch for a xpressive extension that allows nesting
of regular expressions


[SVN r38759]
2007-08-19 15:07:44 +00:00
Vladimir Prus
04e54d670c Remove V1 Jamfiles
[SVN r38516]
2007-08-08 19:02:26 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
dd7c0a7f3d Fix ticket #1115.
[SVN r38289]
2007-07-26 16:11:18 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
9de994c0d1 Hans Meine's extra new-line for epydoc with reST compatibility
[SVN r37906]
2007-06-06 00:00:57 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
e9caacc428 More fixes for embedding python docs.
[SVN r37709]
2007-05-18 15:52:55 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
5070e84f70 Enhance documentation for embedding python.
[SVN r37708]
2007-05-18 15:22:43 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
fe23d9885f Add new eval() function.
[SVN r37560]
2007-05-02 13:11:20 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
e7ee17b71b MIPSpro: undo Python 2.5.1 define (the define leads to many warnings)
[SVN r37502]
2007-04-25 04:45:17 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
5edb63d01c Some progress on Python build guide. Minor fixes to getting started guide.
[SVN r37418]
2007-04-11 23:35:08 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
f4b3aab7d4 Checkpoint before reorg
[SVN r37370]
2007-04-05 20:13:13 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
6af67d1a4c kill off BBv1 project archive
[SVN r37367]
2007-04-05 17:19:20 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
16d975ba5c Bringing forward BBv2/Python support and a few other things that were
obviously more up-to-date on the RC branch.

Removed the Boost.Python v1 zip archive.


[SVN r37346]
2007-04-03 17:10:53 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
4fc5cafd40 Some progress on new build/test guide.
[SVN r37333]
2007-04-02 05:24:25 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
1b5cd10f7c Fix reference counting error.
[SVN r37312]
2007-03-28 18:12:08 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
0f91872518 Fix import_ failure.
[SVN r37142]
2007-03-05 18:51:04 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
dc6b2979e4 Add copyright notice.
[SVN r37132]
2007-03-02 17:16:51 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
50034140c4 Fix boost::python::import.
[SVN r37120]
2007-03-01 15:17:29 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
08a6f35ec2 Correct testing bugs:
either changing assert(...) or BOOST_ASSERT(...) to BOOST_TEST
    (in my code only)

    or adding "return boost::report_errors();" where it was clearly
    missing (and a pure bug, in anyone's code).


[SVN r37057]
2007-02-24 22:40:59 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
67236ffbad New build instructions in progress
[SVN r36879]
2007-02-03 16:55:07 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
96ab7a80a4 Remove BBv1 for good
[SVN r36323]
2006-12-11 05:02:34 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
d8c3ff199e Remove BBv1 for good
[SVN r36321]
2006-12-11 03:35:10 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
0c4ebef579 Fix auto-link to look at the right variable.
Make boost-build.jam point at the v2 Boost.


[SVN r36318]
2006-12-11 02:54:48 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
8fe9d41b58 Cleaned out flotsam and improved comments
[SVN r36317]
2006-12-11 02:50:55 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
8a4590b2ef Enable auto-linking
[SVN r36291]
2006-12-07 17:44:05 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
d67b040683 fixes to support pickling of enums (by Shashank Bapat)
[SVN r36256]
2006-12-03 20:43:48 +00:00
Beman Dawes
2db61657f2 Add copyright, license
[SVN r35905]
2006-11-07 19:11:57 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
6d2ee96ba3 improve error message
[SVN r35822]
2006-11-03 16:34:53 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
a74c8e3da3 Fix symbol visibility.
[SVN r35754]
2006-10-27 21:19:47 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
9f4d39d9fe correct trivial, obvious accident: stray line removed
[SVN r35599]
2006-10-13 22:06:17 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
31c19644ed make numpy tests portable to Darwin with older docutils
[SVN r35597]
2006-10-13 21:34:26 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
600d444136 Fix some problems with testing on old docutils installations
[SVN r35594]
2006-10-13 19:35:28 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
c3bd0fcbad Make object comparison operators return object instead of bool, to
accomodate strange beasts like numarray arrays that return arrays that
can't be used as truth values from their comparison ops.

Fix numpy test for portability with old doctest (again!)


[SVN r35572]
2006-10-12 09:07:07 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
991a7c198a Workaround vc6 bugs
[SVN r35568]
2006-10-12 06:41:55 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
9b67f0447d Suppress a couple of msvc class/struct warnings
[SVN r35567]
2006-10-12 06:41:18 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
b714f6cc23 Adjust tests to account for numarray behavior differences
[SVN r35539]
2006-10-10 22:44:09 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
479a6ba4fc Try for backward compatibility with older versions of doctest
[SVN r35535]
2006-10-10 18:12:43 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
d78836b828 Fix lots of bugs in the numeric interface and tests.
Tests:
* Coerce a result to bool to deal with Python's new Bool type
* Better reporting of mismatches in expected and received results
* Remove bogus nullary y.astype() call
* Fix all uses of trace and diagonal so they don't cause errors
* Use appropriate typecodes
* Use doctest detailed API to run just the relevant tests
* Factor out error handling from macro

API:
* Added get_module_name() function to get current numeric module
* new_(x) now returns an array instead of object
* Fixed the signatures of the factory() family of functions
* Updated docs accordingly.


[SVN r35528]
2006-10-09 04:05:25 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
7a59131d37 Fix missing #include
[SVN r35524]
2006-10-08 05:17:20 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
5ab00bc9c8 Fix long-standing misnaming of "factory" method as "array"
[SVN r35428]
2006-09-29 22:24:12 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
94500ae36d Tests and fixes for a bad interaction between wrapper<> and operators
support.  "self" arguments weren't getting unwrapped properly.


[SVN r35365]
2006-09-28 14:41:01 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
5e5d34cc36 Fixed broken links
[SVN r35329]
2006-09-26 04:23:32 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
c6f2aa4ef2 new boost/python/ssize_t.hpp; avoids potential clash of Py_ssize_t typedef and PY_SSIZE_T_MIN/MAX macros with definitions from other libraries
[SVN r35325]
2006-09-26 00:25:07 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
c7fb2f7047 Attempt GCC-3.4.4 and 4.0.1 workarounds
[SVN r35276]
2006-09-22 15:12:04 +00:00
Vladimir Prus
afedc1cd9a Add tests
[SVN r35244]
2006-09-21 07:26:35 +00:00
Gottfried Ganßauge
070e02d7d5 Renamed from opaque_pointer_converter.html
[SVN r35242]
2006-09-21 07:07:14 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
ccc56c2a4c Apply Boost license, with permission from Prabhu Ramachandran.
[SVN r35240]
2006-09-21 03:43:59 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
e00a88ff49 Fix inspection issues
[SVN r35239]
2006-09-21 02:40:19 +00:00
Stefan Seefeld
e527bc860f Fix copyright issues.
[SVN r35236]
2006-09-20 22:30:39 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
921e306b9a Fix license/copyright
[SVN r35234]
2006-09-20 21:59:03 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
bed1d26904 Return an int, not a string, on success from
check_numeric_array_rich_slice, since that's what the tests expect.


[SVN r35184]
2006-09-18 22:21:50 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
41a342f026 vc6/7 workaround
[SVN r35164]
2006-09-18 18:25:12 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
cee8e07046 Checkin missing op_repr definition
[SVN r35153]
2006-09-18 02:59:31 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
0806e89964 More informative error messages
Better autoconfiguration


[SVN r35140]
2006-09-17 02:41:20 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
f5421ca6b2 Default to Python 2.4 in Unix builds
Applied contributed patches http://tinyurl.com/ndljr and
http://tinyurl.com/18r


[SVN r35138]
2006-09-16 18:43:53 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
eea7697175 if __name__ == '__main__'
[SVN r35114]
2006-09-14 21:57:56 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
777ce7b561 magic coding: iso-latin1 comment added to avoid Python SyntaxError
[SVN r35113]
2006-09-14 21:53:00 +00:00
Gottfried Ganßauge
864ece5539 cross module compatibility test for opaque
[SVN r35111]
2006-09-14 19:06:33 +00:00
Gottfried Ganßauge
2610eb9acb Type object for opaque initialized with PyType_Clear.
opaque is registered only if not another module has already registered
a conversion for that pointer type.
Doc update.


[SVN r35104]
2006-09-14 05:59:29 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
567a2c7b89 attempt unverified workaround for http://tinyurl.com/gvrgd
[SVN r35103]
2006-09-13 22:47:11 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
05070faf12 Attempt to capture better debugging info in output
[SVN r35079]
2006-09-12 23:58:40 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
ad8069314d Move definition of BOOST_PYTHON_SUPPRESS_REGISTRY_INITIALIZATION back
where it belongs.


[SVN r35076]
2006-09-12 22:37:09 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
9366c48351 add missing license/copyright info
[SVN r35068]
2006-09-11 22:08:18 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
5a14319753 SunPro workarounds
[SVN r35067]
2006-09-11 10:38:14 +00:00
Joel de Guzman
279a4f7888 Update
[SVN r35006]
2006-08-31 06:01:57 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
d3418d494c Restort BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB. We don't want to create exported symbols.
[SVN r34942]
2006-08-24 19:03:35 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
c839427246 Sun workaround
[SVN r34939]
2006-08-24 13:04:59 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
dd3a136b18 Attempted Sun workaround
[SVN r34914]
2006-08-22 11:50:35 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
48696918de Try not specifying static link, to see if it makes Darwin happy
[SVN r34871]
2006-08-11 15:50:21 +00:00
Dave Abrahams
88be35ddc2 Attempt Sun-5.8 workaround
[SVN r34864]
2006-08-11 00:47:48 +00:00
Gennaro Prota
9ee0d36a1d removed tabs (inspect tool)
[SVN r34722]
2006-07-24 22:25:35 +00:00
Gennaro Prota
f240e0bab6 removed tabs (inspect tool)
[SVN r34720]
2006-07-24 22:20:25 +00:00
Gennaro Prota
4081605e4b removed tabs (inspect tool)
[SVN r34719]
2006-07-24 22:14:15 +00:00
Gennaro Prota
f332ff2d89 minor fix: violation of min/max guidelines
[SVN r34717]
2006-07-24 22:04:05 +00:00
Vladimir Prus
ec77608840 Clarify comment
[SVN r34668]
2006-07-22 12:53:49 +00:00
Vladimir Prus
f5a69a1dab Windows fix: use <library>/pytho/python_for_extensions, not <use>, so that
we actually link to Python import lib on windows.


[SVN r34666]
2006-07-22 12:28:00 +00:00
Vladimir Prus
a1e865061c Don't link Boost.Python to python library, and don't require
<threading>multi for embedding applications.

* libs/python/build/Jamfile.v2: (boost_python): Don't link
  to /python//python. Use /python//python_for_extensions.

* libs/python/test/Jamfile.v2: Remove <threading>multi project
  requirements.
  (py-run): Link to /python//python.
  (exec): Likewise.

* tools/build/v2/tools/python.jam: (pthread): Declare.
  (init-unix): Add 'pthread' to extra-libs.
  (


[SVN r34662]
2006-07-22 07:12:10 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
596e92404a old misunderstanding corrected (L-BFGS)
[SVN r34504]
2006-07-11 04:09:41 +00:00
Joel de Guzman
2640f5af94 new css
[SVN r34426]
2006-06-29 09:35:52 +00:00
Joel de Guzman
0605e9fdcf minor tweak
[SVN r34375]
2006-06-22 13:43:09 +00:00
Joel de Guzman
cf68da0b19 added test for vector<string>
[SVN r34374]
2006-06-22 13:33:46 +00:00
Joel de Guzman
d3c474b295 terminology tweak
[SVN r34360]
2006-06-20 14:01:12 +00:00
Joel de Guzman
c9300e07c2 added custom converter test for map indexing suite
[SVN r34359]
2006-06-20 00:33:22 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
cab94a7bba adjustments for new MIPSpro 7.4.4
[SVN r34132]
2006-06-02 05:39:50 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
caa9cb8268 Python 2.5 compatibility
[SVN r34017]
2006-05-18 22:41:14 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
66ac61450e avoid Visual C++ 7.1 "resolved overload was found by argument-dependent lookup" warning
[SVN r34016]
2006-05-18 22:09:20 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
59f81def56 Python include must appear before any system include
[SVN r34010]
2006-05-18 18:47:12 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
92862028b7 MIPSpro 7.3.1 compatibility
[SVN r34009]
2006-05-18 18:46:26 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
b0ba7dfc50 also exercise OVERLOADS with docstring
[SVN r34006]
2006-05-18 16:15:59 +00:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
fe3abeda9f much more informative pickle error messages if pickling is not enabled
[SVN r34004]
2006-05-18 15:49:41 +00:00
Markus Schöpflin
3fdfb30e33 Include python first, fixes error on Tru64/CXX.
[SVN r33454]
2006-03-23 09:38:03 +00:00
Vladimir Prus
cdcf8633bb Force multithreading for Python test.
Workaround for problem described in
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.boost.devel/139601


[SVN r33434]
2006-03-22 09:53:34 +00:00
54 changed files with 866 additions and 1277 deletions

View File

@@ -7,26 +7,12 @@ import modules ;
import python ;
if ! [ python.configured ] && ! ( --without-python in [ modules.peek : ARGV ] )
{
# Attempt default configuration of python
import toolset : using ;
using python ;
if ! [ python.configured ]
{
ECHO "WARNING: No python installation configured and autoconfiguration" ;
ECHO " failed. See http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/building.html" ;
ECHO " for configuration instructions or pass --without-python to" ;
ECHO " suppress this message and silently skip all Boost.Python targets" ;
}
}
if [ python.configured ] {
project boost/python
: source-location ../src
;
: source-location ../src
;
lib boost_python
: # sources
@@ -38,6 +24,7 @@ lib boost_python
str.cpp
slice.cpp
aix_init_module.cpp
converter/from_python.cpp
converter/registry.cpp
converter/type_id.cpp
@@ -76,13 +63,11 @@ lib boost_python
# import library, as usage requirements.
<library>/python//python_for_extensions
<python-debugging>on:<define>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON
: # default build
<link>shared
: # usage requirements
<link>static:<define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB
<python-debugging>on:<define>BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON
<link>static:<define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB
<link>shared:<define>BOOST_PYTHON_DYNAMIC_LIB
;
}
else

View File

@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ LINK32=link.exe
# PROP Default_Filter "cpp;c;cxx;rc;def;r;odl;idl;hpj;bat"
# Begin Source File
SOURCE=..\..\src\aix_init_module.cpp
# End Source File
# Begin Source File
SOURCE=..\..\src\converter\arg_to_python_base.cpp
# End Source File
# Begin Source File
@@ -210,6 +214,10 @@ SOURCE=..\..\src\exec.cpp
# PROP Default_Filter ""
# Begin Source File
SOURCE=..\..\..\..\boost\python\detail\aix_init_module.hpp
# End Source File
# Begin Source File
SOURCE=..\..\..\..\boost\python\detail\api_placeholder.hpp
# End Source File
# Begin Source File

View File

@@ -9,63 +9,60 @@
</head>
<body>
<div class="document" id="logo-boost-python-build-and-test-howto">
<h1 class="title"><a class="reference external" href="../index.htm"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries:" class="boost-logo" src="../../../boost.png" /></a> Boost.Python Build and Test HOWTO</h1>
<h1 class="title"><a class="reference" href="../index.htm"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries:" class="boost-logo" src="../boost.png" /></a> Boost.Python Build and Test HOWTO</h1>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at -->
<!-- http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<div class="contents sidebar small topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
<div class="contents sidebar small topic">
<p class="topic-title first"><a id="contents" name="contents">Contents</a></p>
<ul class="auto-toc simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#requirements" id="id25">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Requirements</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#background" id="id26">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Background</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#no-install-quickstart" id="id27">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No-Install Quickstart</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#basic-procedure" id="id28">3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic Procedure</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#in-case-of-trouble" id="id29">3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case of Trouble</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#in-case-everything-seemed-to-work" id="id30">3.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case Everything Seemed to Work</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#modifying-the-example-project" id="id31">3.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Modifying the Example Project</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#requirements" id="id20" name="id20">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Requirements</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#background" id="id21" name="id21">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Background</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#getting-boost-python-binaries" id="id22" name="id22">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Boost.Python Binaries</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#no-install-quickstart" id="id23" name="id23">3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No-Install Quickstart</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#installing-boost-python-on-your-system" id="id24" name="id24">3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing Boost.Python on your System</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#installing-boost-python-on-your-system" id="id32">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing Boost.Python on your System</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-boost-build" id="id33">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Configuring Boost.Build</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-configuration-parameters" id="id34">5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Python Configuration Parameters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples" id="id35">5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Examples</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#configuring-boost-build" id="id25" name="id25">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Configuring Boost.Build</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#building-an-extension-module" id="id26" name="id26">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Building an Extension Module</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#testing" id="id27" name="id27">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Testing</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#advanced-configuration" id="id28" name="id28">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advanced Configuration</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#python-configuration-parameters" id="id29" name="id29">7.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Python Configuration Parameters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#examples" id="id30" name="id30">7.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#choosing-a-boost-python-library-binary" id="id36">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choosing a Boost.Python Library Binary</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-dynamic-binary" id="id37">6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Dynamic Binary</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-static-binary" id="id38">6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Static Binary</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#choosing-a-boost-python-library-binary" id="id31" name="id31">8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choosing a Boost.Python Library Binary</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#the-dynamic-binary" id="id32" name="id32">8.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Dynamic Binary</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#the-static-binary" id="id33" name="id33">8.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Static Binary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#include-issues" id="id39">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> Issues</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-debugging-builds" id="id40">8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Python Debugging Builds</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#testing-boost-python" id="id41">9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Testing Boost.Python</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#notes-for-mingw-and-cygwin-with-mno-cygwin-gcc-users" id="id42">10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes for MinGW (and Cygwin with -mno-cygwin) GCC Users</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#notes-for-mingw-and-cygwin-with-mno-cygwin-gcc-users" id="id34" name="id34">9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes for MinGW (and Cygwin with -mno-cygwin) GCC Users</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="requirements">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Requirements</a></h1>
<p>Boost.Python requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/2.2">Python 2.2</a><a class="footnote-reference" href="#id22" id="id2"><sup>1</sup></a> <em>or</em> <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org"><em>newer</em></a>.</p>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20" id="requirements" name="requirements">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Requirements</a></h1>
<p>Boost.Python requires <a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/2.2">Python 2.2</a><a class="footnote-reference" href="#id16" id="id2" name="id2"><sup>1</sup></a> <em>or</em> <a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org"><em>newer</em></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="background">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Background</a></h1>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21" id="background" name="background">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Background</a></h1>
<p>There are two basic models for combining C++ and Python:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/intro.html">extending</a>, in which the end-user launches the Python interpreter
<li><a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/intro.html">extending</a>, in which the end-user launches the Python interpreter
executable and imports Python “extension modules” written in C++.
Think of taking a library written in C++ and giving it a Python
interface so Python programmers can use it. From Python, these
modules look just like regular Python modules.</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/embedding.html">embedding</a>, in which the end-user launches a program written
<li><a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/embedding.html">embedding</a>, in which the end-user launches a program written
in C++ that in turn invokes the Python interpreter as a library
subroutine. Think of adding scriptability to an existing
application.</li>
</ul>
<p>The key distinction between extending and embedding is the location
of the C++ <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">main()</span></tt> function: in the Python interpreter executable,
of C++' <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">main()</span></tt> function: in the Python interpreter executable,
or in some other program, respectively. Note that even when
embedding Python in another program, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/extending-with-embedding.html">extension modules are often
embedding Python in another program, <a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/extending-with-embedding.html">extension modules are often
the best way to make C/C++ functionality accessible to Python
code</a>, so the use of extension modules is really at the heart of
both models.</p>
@@ -74,281 +71,127 @@ dynamically-loaded libraries with a single entry point, which means
you can change them without rebuilding either the other extension
modules or the executable containing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">main()</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="no-install-quickstart">
<span id="quickstart"></span><h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No-Install Quickstart</a></h1>
<p>There is no need to “install Boost” in order to get started using
Boost.Python. These instructions use <a class="reference external" href="../../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> projects,
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22" id="getting-boost-python-binaries" name="getting-boost-python-binaries">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Boost.Python Binaries</a></h1>
<p>Since Boost.Python is a separately-compiled (as opposed to
<a class="reference" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#header-only-libraries">header-only</a>) library, its user relies on the services of a
Boost.Python library binary.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23" id="no-install-quickstart" name="no-install-quickstart">3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No-Install Quickstart</a></h2>
<p>If you just want to get started quickly building and testing
Boost.Python extension modules, or embedding Python in an
executable, you don't need to worry about installing Boost.Python
binaries explicitly. These instructions use <a class="reference" href="../../../tools/build">Boost.Build</a> projects,
which will build those binaries as soon as they're needed. Your
first tests may take a little longer while you wait for
Boost.Python to build, but doing things this way will save you from
worrying about build intricacies like which library binaries to use
for a specific compiler configuration and figuring out the right
compiler options to use yourself.</p>
<!-- .. raw:: html
<div style="width:50%"> -->
for a specific compiler configuration.</p>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Of course it's possible to use other build systems to
build Boost.Python and its extensions, but they are not
officially supported by Boost. Moreover <strong>99% of all “I can't
build Boost.Python” problems come from trying to use another
build system</strong> without first following these instructions.</p>
<p>If you want to use another system anyway, we suggest that you
follow these instructions, and then invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> with the</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-a</span> <span class="pre">-o</span></tt><em>filename</em>
</pre>
<p class="last">options to dump the build commands it executes to a file, so
you can see what your alternate build system needs to do.</p>
</div>
<!-- .. raw:: html
</div> -->
<div class="section" id="basic-procedure">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28">3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic Procedure</a></h2>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Get Boost; see sections 1 and 2 [<a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#get-boost">Unix/Linux</a>, <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#get-boost">Windows</a>] of the
Boost <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/index.html">Getting Started Guide</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Get the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> build driver. See section 5 [<a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary">Unix/Linux</a>,
<a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary">Windows</a>] of the Boost <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/index.html">Getting Started Guide</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">cd into the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs/python/example/quickstart/</span></tt> directory of your
Boost installation, which contains a small example project.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt>. Replace the “<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stage</span></tt>“ argument from the
example invocation from section 5 of the <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/index.html">Getting Started
Guide</a> with “<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt>,“ to build all the test targets. Also add
the argument “<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--verbose-test</span></tt>” to see the output generated by
the tests when they are run.</p>
<p>On Windows, your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> invocation might look something like:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
C:\boost_1_34_0\…\quickstart&gt; <strong>bjam toolset=msvc --verbose-test test</strong>
</pre>
<p>and on Unix variants, perhaps,</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
~/boost_1_34_0/…/quickstart$ <strong>bjam toolset=gcc --verbose-test test</strong>
</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition-note-to-windows-users admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note to Windows Users</p>
<p class="last">For the sake of concision, the rest of this guide will use
unix-style forward slashes in pathnames instead of the
backslashes with which you may be more familiar. The forward
slashes should work everywhere except in <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#command-prompt">Command Prompt</a>
windows, where you should use backslashes.</p>
</div>
<p>If you followed this procedure successfully, you will have built an
extension module called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extending</span></tt> and tested it by running a
Python script called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_extending.py</span></tt>. You will also have
built and run a simple application called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">embedding</span></tt> that embeds
python.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="in-case-of-trouble">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29">3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case of Trouble</a></h2>
<p>If you're seeing lots of compiler and/or linker error messages,
it's probably because Boost.Build is having trouble finding your
Python installation. You might want to pass the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--debug-configuration</span></tt> option to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> the first few times
you invoke it, to make sure that Boost.Build is correctly locating
all the parts of your Python installation. If it isn't, consider
<a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-boost-build">Configuring Boost.Build</a> as detailed below.</p>
<p>If you're still having trouble, Someone on one of the following
mailing lists may be able to help:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost">Boost.Build mailing list</a> for issues related to Boost.Build</li>
<li>The Python <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/mailing_lists.htm#cplussig">C++ Sig</a> for issues specifically related to Boost.Python</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="in-case-everything-seemed-to-work">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30">3.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case Everything Seemed to Work</a></h2>
<p>Rejoice! If you're new to Boost.Python, at this point it might be
a good idea to ignore build issues for a while and concentrate on
learning the library by going through the <a class="reference external" href="tutorial/index.html">tutorial</a> and perhaps
some of the <a class="reference external" href="v2/reference.html">reference documentation</a>, trying out what you've
learned about the API by modifying the quickstart project.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="modifying-the-example-project">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31">3.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Modifying the Example Project</a></h2>
<p>If you're content to keep your extension module forever in one
source file called <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/extending.cpp"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extending.cpp</span></tt></a>, inside your Boost
distribution, and import it forever as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extending</span></tt>, then you can
stop here. However, it's likely that you will want to make a few
changes. There are a few things you can do without having to learn
<a class="reference external" href="../../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> in depth.</p>
<p>The project you just built is specified in two files in the current
directory: <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/boost-build.jam"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost-build.jam</span></tt></a>, which tells <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> where it can
find the interpreted code of the Boost build system, and
<a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/Jamroot"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Jamroot</span></tt></a>, which describes the targets you just built. These
files are heavily commented, so they should be easy to modify.
Take care, however, to preserve whitespace. Punctuation such as
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></tt> will not be recognized as intended by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> if it is not
surrounded by whitespace.</p>
<div class="section" id="relocate-the-project">
<h3>Relocate the Project</h3>
<p>You'll probably want to copy this project elsewhere so you can
change it without modifying your Boost distribution. To do that,
simply</p>
<ol class="loweralpha simple">
<li>copy the entire <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs/python/example/quickstart/</span></tt> directory
into a new directory.</li>
<li>In the new copies of <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/boost-build.jam"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost-build.jam</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/Jamroot"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Jamroot</span></tt></a>, locate
the relative path near the top of the file that is clearly
marked by a comment, and edit that path so that it refers to the
same directory your Boost distribution as it referred to when
the file was in its original location in the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs/python/example/quickstart/</span></tt> directory.</li>
</ol>
<p>For example, if you moved the project from
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/home/dave/boost_1_34_0/libs/python/example/quickstart</span></tt> to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/home/dave/my-project</span></tt>, you could change the first path in
<a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/boost-build.jam"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost-build.jam</span></tt></a> from</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>../../../..</strong>/tools/build/v2
</pre>
<p>to</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>/home/dave/boost_1_34_0</strong>/tools/build/v2
</pre>
<p>and change the first path in <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/Jamroot"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Jamroot</span></tt></a> from</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>../../../..</strong>
</pre>
<p>to</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>/home/dave/boost_1_34_0</strong>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="add-new-or-change-names-of-existing-source-files">
<h3>Add New or Change Names of Existing Source Files</h3>
<p>The names of additional source files involved in building your
extension module or embedding application can be listed in
<a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/Jamroot"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Jamroot</span></tt></a> right alongside <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extending.cpp</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">embedding.cpp</span></tt>
respectively. Just be sure to leave whitespace around each
filename:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
… file1.cpp file2.cpp file3.cpp …
</pre>
<p>Naturally, if you want to change the name of a source file you can
tell Boost.Build about it by editing the name in <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/Jamroot"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Jamroot</span></tt></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="change-the-name-of-your-extension-module">
<h3>Change the Name of your Extension Module</h3>
<p>The name of the extension module is determined by two things:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>the name in <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/Jamroot"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Jamroot</span></tt></a> immediately following <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python-extension</span></tt>, and</li>
<li>the name passed to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE</span></tt> in <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/extending.cpp"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extending.cpp</span></tt></a>.</li>
</ol>
<p>To change the name of the extension module from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extending</span></tt> to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hello</span></tt>, you'd edit <a class="reference external" href="../example/quickstart/Jamroot"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Jamroot</span></tt></a>, changing</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python-extension <strong>extending</strong> : extending.cpp ;
</pre>
<p>to</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python-extension <strong>hello</strong> : extending.cpp ;
</pre>
<p>and you'd edit extending.cpp, changing</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(<strong>extending</strong>)
</pre>
<p>to</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(<strong>hello</strong>)
</pre>
officially supported by Boost and <strong>99% of all “I can't build
Boost.Python” problems come from trying to use another build
system</strong>.</p>
<p class="last">If you want to use another system anyway, we suggest that you
follow these instructions, and then invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> with the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-a</span> <span class="pre">-o</span></tt><em>filename</em> option to dump the build commands it executes
to a file, so you can see what your build system needs to do.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installing-boost-python-on-your-system">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing Boost.Python on your System</a></h1>
<p>Since Boost.Python is a separately-compiled (as opposed to
<a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#header-only-libraries">header-only</a>) library, its user relies on the services of a
Boost.Python library binary.</p>
<p>If you need a regular installation of the Boost.Python library
binaries on your system, the Boost <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/index.html">Getting Started Guide</a> will
walk you through the steps of creating one. If building binaries
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24" id="installing-boost-python-on-your-system" name="installing-boost-python-on-your-system">3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing Boost.Python on your System</a></h2>
<p>If you need a regular, installation of the Boost.Python library
binaries on your system, the Boost <a class="reference" href="../../../more/getting_started/index.html">Getting Started Guide</a> will
walk you through the steps of installing one. If building binaries
from source, you might want to supply the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-python</span></tt>
argument to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> (or the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-libraries=python</span></tt> argument
to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">configure</span></tt>), so only the Boost.Python binary will be built,
rather than all the Boost binaries.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuring-boost-build">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Configuring Boost.Build</a></h1>
<p>As described in the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.boost.orgdoc/html/bbv2/advanced.html#bbv2.advanced.configuration">Boost.Build reference manual</a>, a file called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> in your home directory<a class="footnote-reference" href="#home-dir" id="id11"><sup>6</sup></a> is used to
specify the tools and libraries available to the build system. You
may need to create or edit <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> to tell Boost.Build
how to invoke Python, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> its headers, and link with its
libraries.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25" id="configuring-boost-build" name="configuring-boost-build">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Configuring Boost.Build</a></h1>
<p>As described in the <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost.orgdoc/html/bbv2/advanced.html#bbv2.advanced.configuration">Boost.Build reference manual</a>, a file called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> in your home
directory<a class="footnote-reference" href="#home-dir" id="id5" name="id5"><sup>7</sup></a> is used to
describe the build resources available to the build system. You'll
need to tell it about your Python installation.</p>
<div class="admonition-users-of-unix-variant-oses admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Users of Unix-Variant OSes</p>
<p class="last">If you are using a unix-variant OS and you ran Boost's
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">configure</span></tt> script, it may have generated a
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> for you.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#overwrite" id="id13"><sup>4</sup></a> If your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">configure</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> sequence was successful and Boost.Python binaries
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> for you.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#overwrite" id="id7" name="id7"><sup>4</sup></a> If your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">configure</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> sequence was successful and Boost.Python binaries
were built, your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file is probably already
correct.</p>
</div>
<p>If you have one fairly “standard” python installation for your
platform, you might not need to do anything special to describe it. If
you haven't configured python in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> (and you don't
specify <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--without-python</span></tt> on the Boost.Build command line),
Boost.Build will automatically execute the equivalent of</p>
<p>If you have a fairly “standard” python installation for your
platform, there's very little you need to do to describe it.
Simply having</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
import toolset : using ;
using python ;
</pre>
<p>which automatically looks for Python in the most likely places.
However, that only happens when using the Boost.Python project file
(e.g. when referred to by another project as in the <a class="reference internal" href="#quickstart">quickstart</a>
method). If instead you are linking against separately-compiled
Boost.Python binaries, you should set up a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file
with at least the minimal incantation above.</p>
<div class="section" id="python-configuration-parameters">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34">5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Python Configuration Parameters</a></h2>
<p>in a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file in your home directory<a class="footnote-reference" href="#home-dir" id="id8" name="id8"><sup>7</sup></a>
should be enough.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#user-config-jam" id="id9" name="id9"><sup>6</sup></a> For more complicated setups,
see <a class="reference" href="#advanced-configuration">Advanced Configuration</a>.</p>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">You might want to pass the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--debug-configuration</span></tt>
option to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> the first few times you invoke it, to make
sure that Boost.Build is correctly locating all the parts of
your Python installation. If it isn't, consider passing some of
the optional <a class="reference" href="#python-configuration-parameters">Python configuration parameters</a> detailed below.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26" id="building-an-extension-module" name="building-an-extension-module">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Building an Extension Module</a></h1>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27" id="testing" name="testing">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Testing</a></h1>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28" id="advanced-configuration" name="advanced-configuration">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advanced Configuration</a></h1>
<p>If you have several versions of Python installed, or Python is
installed in an unusual way, you may want to supply any or all of
the following optional parameters to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">using</span> <span class="pre">python</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29" id="python-configuration-parameters" name="python-configuration-parameters">7.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Python Configuration Parameters</a></h2>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>version</dt>
<dd>the version of Python to use. Should be in Major.Minor
format, for example, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2.3</span></tt>. Do not include the subminor
version (i.e. <em>not</em> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2.5.1</span></tt>). If you have multiple Python
versions installed, the version will usually be the only
configuration argument required.</dd>
additional argument required.</dd>
<dt>cmd-or-prefix</dt>
<dd>preferably, a command that invokes a Python interpreter.
Alternatively, the installation prefix for Python libraries and
header files. Only use the alternative formulation if there is
no appropriate Python executable available.</dd>
<dd>preferably, a command that invokes a Python
interpreter. Alternatively, the installation prefix for Python
libraries and header files. Use the alternative formulation if
there is no appropriate Python executable available.</dd>
<dt>includes</dt>
<dd>the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> paths for Python headers. Normally the correct
path(s) will be automatically deduced from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">version</span></tt> and/or
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmd-or-prefix</span></tt>.</dd>
<dd>the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> path for Python headers.</dd>
<dt>libraries</dt>
<dd>the path to Python library binaries. On MacOS/Darwin,
you can also pass the path of the Python framework. Normally the
correct path(s) will be automatically deduced from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">version</span></tt>
and/or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmd-or-prefix</span></tt>.</dd>
you can also pass the path of the Python framework.</dd>
<dt>condition</dt>
<dd>if specified, should be a set of Boost.Build
properties that are matched against the build configuration when
Boost.Build selects a Python configuration to use. See examples
below for details.</dd>
Boost.Build selects a Python configuration to use.</dd>
<dt>extension-suffix</dt>
<dd>A string to append to the name of extension
modules before the true filename extension. You almost certainly
don't need to use this. Usually this suffix is only used when
targeting a Windows debug build of Python, and will be set
automatically for you based on the value of the
<a class="reference internal" href="#python-debugging"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;python-debugging&gt;</span></tt></a> feature. However, at least one Linux
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;python-debugging&gt;</span></tt> feature. However, at least one Linux
distribution (Ubuntu Feisty Fawn) has a specially configured
<a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PyDbgBuilds">python-dbg</a> package that claims to use such a suffix.</dd>
<a class="reference" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PyDbgBuilds">python-dbg</a> package that claims to use such a suffix.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id35">5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Examples</a></h2>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30" id="examples" name="examples">7.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Examples</a></h2>
<p>Note that in the examples below, case and <em>especially whitespace</em> are
significant.</p>
<ul>
@@ -386,19 +229,8 @@ using python
;
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">If you have downloaded the Python sources and built both the
normal and the “<a class="reference internal" href="#id19">python debugging</a>” builds from source on
Windows, you might see:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python ;
using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python_d
: # includes
: # libs
: &lt;python-debugging&gt;on ;
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">You can set up your user-config.jam so a bjam built under Windows
can build/test both Windows and <a class="reference external" href="http://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> python extensions. Just pass
can build/test both Windows and <a class="reference" href="http://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> python extensions. Just pass
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;target-os&gt;cygwin</span></tt> in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt> parameter
for the cygwin python installation:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
@@ -409,16 +241,16 @@ using python ;
using python : : c:\\cygwin\\bin\\python2.5 : : : &lt;target-os&gt;cygwin ;
</pre>
<p>when you put target-os=cygwin in your build request, it should build
with the cygwin version of python:<a class="footnote-reference" href="#flavor" id="id15"><sup>5</sup></a></p>
with the cygwin version of python:<a class="footnote-reference" href="#flavor" id="id11" name="id11"><sup>5</sup></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>bjam target-os=cygwin toolset=gcc</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This is supposed to work the other way, too (targeting windows
python with a <a class="reference external" href="http://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> bjam) but it seems as though the support in
python with a <a class="reference" href="http://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> bjam) but it seems as though the support in
Boost.Build's toolsets for building that way is broken at the
time of this writing.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Note that because of <a class="reference external" href="http://zigzag.cs.msu.su/boost.build/wiki/AlternativeSelection">the way Boost.Build currently selects target
<li><p class="first">Note that because of <a class="reference" href="http://zigzag.cs.msu.su/boost.build/wiki/AlternativeSelection">the way Boost.Build currently selects target
alternatives</a>, you might have be very explicit in your build
requests. For example, given:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
@@ -437,35 +269,35 @@ bjam target-os=cygwin/python=2.4
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="choosing-a-boost-python-library-binary">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id36">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choosing a Boost.Python Library Binary</a></h1>
<p>If—instead of letting Boost.Build construct and link with the right
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31" id="choosing-a-boost-python-library-binary" name="choosing-a-boost-python-library-binary">8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choosing a Boost.Python Library Binary</a></h1>
<p>If—instead of letting Boost.Build construct and link withthe right
libraries automatically—you choose to use a pre-built Boost.Python
library, you'll need to think about which one to link with. The
Boost.Python binary comes in both static and dynamic flavors. Take
care to choose the right flavor for your application.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#naming" id="id17"><sup>2</sup></a></p>
<div class="section" id="the-dynamic-binary">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id37">6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Dynamic Binary</a></h2>
care to choose the right flavor for your application.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#naming" id="id13" name="id13"><sup>2</sup></a></p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32" id="the-dynamic-binary" name="the-dynamic-binary">8.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Dynamic Binary</a></h2>
<p>The dynamic library is the safest and most-versatile choice:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>A single copy of the library code is used by all extension
modules built with a given toolset.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#toolset-specific" id="id18"><sup>3</sup></a></li>
modules built with a given toolset.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#toolset-specific" id="id14" name="id14"><sup>3</sup></a></li>
<li>The library contains a type conversion registry. Because one
registry is shared among all extension modules, instances of a
class exposed to Python in one dynamically-loaded extension
module can be passed to functions exposed in another such module.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-static-binary">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id38">6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Static Binary</a></h2>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33" id="the-static-binary" name="the-static-binary">8.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Static Binary</a></h2>
<p>It might be appropriate to use the static Boost.Python library in
any of the following cases:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>You are <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/intro.html">extending</a> python and the types exposed in your
<li>You are <a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/intro.html">extending</a> python and the types exposed in your
dynamically-loaded extension module don't need to be used by any
other Boost.Python extension modules, and you don't care if the
core library code is duplicated among them.</li>
<li>You are <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/embedding.html">embedding</a> python in your application and either:<ul>
<li>You are <a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/embedding.html">embedding</a> python in your application and either:<ul>
<li>You are targeting a Unix variant OS other than MacOS or AIX,
where the dynamically-loaded extension modules can “see” the
Boost.Python library symbols that are part of the executable.</li>
@@ -479,73 +311,22 @@ modules (and vice-versa).</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="include-issues">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id39">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> Issues</a></h1>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>If you should ever have occasion to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span> <span class="pre">&quot;python.h&quot;</span></tt>
directly in a translation unit of a program using Boost.Python,
use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span> <span class="pre">&quot;boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp&quot;</span></tt> instead.
It handles several issues necessary for use with Boost.Python,
one of which is mentioned in the next section.</li>
<li>Be sure not to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> any system headers before
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">wrap_python.hpp</span></tt>. This restriction is actually imposed by
Python, or more properly, by Python's interaction with your
operating system. See
<a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/ext/simpleExample.html">http://docs.python.org/ext/simpleExample.html</a> for details.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-debugging-builds">
<span id="id19"></span><span id="python-debugging"></span><h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id40">8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Python Debugging Builds</a></h1>
<p>Python can be built in a special “python debugging” configuration
that adds extra checks and instrumentation that can be very useful
for developers of extension modules. The data structures used by
the debugging configuration contain additional members, so <strong>a
Python executable built with python debugging enabled cannot be
used with an extension module or library compiled without it, and
vice-versa.</strong></p>
<p>Since pre-built “python debugging” versions of the Python
executable and libraries are not supplied with most distributions
of Python,<a class="footnote-reference" href="#get-debug-build" id="id20"><sup>7</sup></a> and we didn't want to force our users
to build them, Boost.Build does not automatically enable python
debugging in its <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">debug</span></tt> build variant (which is the default).
Instead there is a special build property called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python-debugging</span></tt> that, when used as a build property, will
define the right preprocessor symbols and select the right
libraries to link with.</p>
<p>On unix-variant platforms, the debugging versions of Python's data
structures will only be used if the symbol <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_DEBUG</span></tt> is defined.
On many windows compilers, when extension modules are built with
the preprocessor symbol <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_DEBUG</span></tt>, Python defaults to force
linking with a special debugging version of the Python DLL. Since
that symbol is very commonly used even when Python is not present,
Boost.Python temporarily undefines _DEBUG when Python.h
is #included from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp</span></tt> - unless
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</span></tt> is defined. The upshot is that if you want
“python debugging”and you aren't using Boost.Build, you should make
sure <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON</span></tt> is defined, or python debugging will be
suppressed.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="testing-boost-python">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id41">9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Testing Boost.Python</a></h1>
<p>To run the full test suite for Boost.Python, invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> in the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs/python/test</span></tt> subdirectory of your Boost distribution.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="notes-for-mingw-and-cygwin-with-mno-cygwin-gcc-users">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id42">10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes for MinGW (and Cygwin with -mno-cygwin) GCC Users</a></h1>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34" id="notes-for-mingw-and-cygwin-with-mno-cygwin-gcc-users" name="notes-for-mingw-and-cygwin-with-mno-cygwin-gcc-users">9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes for MinGW (and Cygwin with -mno-cygwin) GCC Users</a></h1>
<p>If you are using a version of Python prior to 2.4.1 with a MinGW
prior to 3.0.0 (with binutils-2.13.90-20030111-1), you will need to
create a MinGW-compatible version of the Python library; the one
shipped with Python will only work with a Microsoft-compatible
linker. Follow the instructions in the “Non-Microsoft” section of
the “Building Extensions: Tips And Tricks” chapter in <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/inst/index.html">Installing
the “Building Extensions: Tips And Tricks” chapter in <a class="reference" href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/inst/index.html">Installing
Python Modules</a> to create <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libpythonXX.a</span></tt>, where <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">XX</span></tt>
corresponds to the major and minor version numbers of your Python
installation.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id22" rules="none">
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id16" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">[1]</a></td><td>Note that although we tested earlier versions of
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2" name="id16">[1]</a></td><td>Note that although we tested earlier versions of
Boost.Python with Python 2.2, and we don't <em>think</em> we've done
anything to break compatibility, this release of Boost.Python
may not have been tested with versions of Python earlier than
@@ -556,21 +337,24 @@ supported.</td></tr>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="naming" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id17">[2]</a></td><td><p class="first">Information about how to identify the
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id13" name="naming">[2]</a></td><td><p class="first">Information about how to identify the
static and dynamic builds of Boost.Python:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#library-naming">on Windows</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#library-naming">on Unix variants</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#library-naming">on Windows</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#library-naming">on Unix variants</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="last">Be sure to read this section even if your compiler supports
auto-linking, as Boost.Python does not yet take advantage of
that feature.</p>
</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="toolset-specific" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id18">[3]</a></td><td>Because of the way most *nix platforms
share symbols among dynamically-loaded objects, I'm not certain
that extension modules built with different compiler toolsets
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id14" name="toolset-specific">[3]</a></td><td>Because of the way most *nix platforms
share symbols among dynamically-loaded objects, I'm not
certainextension modules built with different compiler toolsets
will always use different copies of the Boost.Python library
when loaded into the same Python instance. Not using different
libraries could be a good thing if the compilers have compatible
@@ -585,7 +369,7 @@ happens.</td></tr>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="overwrite" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id13">[4]</a></td><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">configure</span></tt> overwrites the existing
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id7" name="overwrite">[4]</a></td><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">configure</span></tt> overwrites the existing
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> in your home directory
(if any) after making a backup of the old version.</td></tr>
</tbody>
@@ -593,43 +377,38 @@ happens.</td></tr>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="flavor" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id15">[5]</a></td><td>Note that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;target-os&gt;cygwin</span></tt> feature is
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id11" name="flavor">[5]</a></td><td>Note that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;target-os&gt;cygwin</span></tt> feature is
different from the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;flavor&gt;cygwin</span></tt> subfeature of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc</span></tt>
toolset, and you might need handle both explicitly if you also
have a MinGW GCC installed.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="user-config-jam" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id9" name="user-config-jam">[6]</a></td><td>Create the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file if you don't
already have one.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="home-dir" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id11">[6]</a></td><td><p class="first">Windows users, your home directory can be
<tr><td class="label"><a name="home-dir">[7]</a></td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">2</a>)</em> <p>Windows users, your home directory can be
found by typing:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
ECHO %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%
</pre>
<p class="last">into a <a class="reference external" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#command-prompt">command prompt</a> window.</p>
<p class="last">into a <a class="reference" href="../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#or-build-from-the-command-prompt">Windows command prompt</a></p>
</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="get-debug-build" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id20">[7]</a></td><td>On Unix and similar platforms, a debugging
python and associated libraries are built by adding
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-pydebug</span></tt> when configuring the Python build. On
Windows, the debugging version of Python is generated by
the &quot;Win32 Debug&quot; target of the Visual Studio project in the
PCBuild subdirectory of a full Python source code distribution.
You may also find</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<hr class="footer" />
<a class="reference external" href="./building.rst">View document source</a>.
Generated on: 2007-07-02 13:46 UTC.
Generated by <a class="reference external" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/">Docutils</a> from <a class="reference external" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a> source.
<a class="reference" href="./building.rst">View document source</a>.
Generated on: 2007-04-05 20:04 UTC.
Generated by <a class="reference" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/">Docutils</a> from <a class="reference" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a> source.
</div>
</body>

View File

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
|(logo)|__ Boost.Python Build and Test HOWTO
==============================================
.. |(logo)| image:: ../../../boost.png
.. |(logo)| image:: ../boost.png
:alt: Boost C++ Libraries:
:class: boost-logo
@@ -31,6 +31,36 @@ Boost.Python requires `Python 2.2`_ [#2.2]_ *or* |newer|__.
.. _Python 2.2: http://www.python.org/2.2
__ http://www.python.org
No-Install Quickstart
=====================
There is no need to install Boost in order to get started using
Boost.Python. These instructions use Boost.Build_ projects,
which will build those binaries as soon as they're needed. Your
first tests may take a little longer while you wait for
Boost.Python to build, but doing things this way will save you from
worrying about build intricacies like which library binaries to use
for a specific compiler configuration.
.. Note:: Of course it's possible to use other build systems to
build Boost.Python and its extensions, but they are not
officially supported by Boost. Moreover **99% of all “I can't
build Boost.Python” problems come from trying to use another
build system**.
If you want to use another system anyway, we suggest that you
follow these instructions, and then invoke ``bjam`` with the
``-a -o``\ *filename* option to dump the build commands it executes
to a file, so you can see what your build system needs to do.
1. Get Boost; see sections 1 and 2 of the Boost `Getting Started Guide`_.
2. Get the ``bjam`` build driver. See sections 5.2.1-5.2.3 of the
Boost `Getting Started Guide`_.
3. cd into the ``libs/python/test/example`` directory.
.. _Getting Started Guide: ../../../more/getting_started/index.html
Background
==========
@@ -51,7 +81,7 @@ There are two basic models for combining C++ and Python:
.. _embedding: http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/embedding.html
The key distinction between extending and embedding is the location
of the C++ ``main()`` function: in the Python interpreter executable,
of C++' ``main()`` function: in the Python interpreter executable,
or in some other program, respectively. Note that even when
embedding Python in another program, `extension modules are often
the best way to make C/C++ functionality accessible to Python
@@ -65,254 +95,8 @@ dynamically-loaded libraries with a single entry point, which means
you can change them without rebuilding either the other extension
modules or the executable containing ``main()``.
.. _quickstart:
No-Install Quickstart
=====================
There is no need to “install Boost” in order to get started using
Boost.Python. These instructions use Boost.Build_ projects,
which will build those binaries as soon as they're needed. Your
first tests may take a little longer while you wait for
Boost.Python to build, but doing things this way will save you from
worrying about build intricacies like which library binaries to use
for a specific compiler configuration and figuring out the right
compiler options to use yourself.
.. .. raw:: html
<div style="width:50%">
.. Note:: Of course it's possible to use other build systems to
build Boost.Python and its extensions, but they are not
officially supported by Boost. Moreover **99% of all “I can't
build Boost.Python” problems come from trying to use another
build system** without first following these instructions.
If you want to use another system anyway, we suggest that you
follow these instructions, and then invoke ``bjam`` with the
.. parsed-literal::
``-a -o``\ *filename*
options to dump the build commands it executes to a file, so
you can see what your alternate build system needs to do.
.. .. raw:: html
</div>
.. _Boost.Build: ../../../tools/build/index.html
Basic Procedure
---------------
1. Get Boost; see sections 1 and 2 [`Unix/Linux`__, `Windows`__\ ] of the
Boost `Getting Started Guide`_.
__ ../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#get-boost
__ ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#get-boost
2. Get the ``bjam`` build driver. See section 5 [`Unix/Linux`__,
`Windows`__\ ] of the Boost `Getting Started Guide`_.
__ ../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary
__ ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary
3. cd into the ``libs/python/example/quickstart/`` directory of your
Boost installation, which contains a small example project.
4. Invoke ``bjam``. Replace the “\ ``stage``\ “ argument from the
example invocation from section 5 of the `Getting Started
Guide`_ with “\ ``test``\ ,“ to build all the test targets. Also add
the argument “\ ``--verbose-test``\ ” to see the output generated by
the tests when they are run.
On Windows, your ``bjam`` invocation might look something like:
.. parsed-literal::
C:\\boost_1_34_0\\…\\quickstart> **bjam toolset=msvc --verbose-test test**
and on Unix variants, perhaps,
.. parsed-literal::
~/boost_1_34_0/…/quickstart$ **bjam toolset=gcc --verbose-test test**
.. Admonition:: Note to Windows Users
For the sake of concision, the rest of this guide will use
unix-style forward slashes in pathnames instead of the
backslashes with which you may be more familiar. The forward
slashes should work everywhere except in `Command Prompt`_
windows, where you should use backslashes.
.. _Command Prompt: ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#command-prompt
If you followed this procedure successfully, you will have built an
extension module called ``extending`` and tested it by running a
Python script called ``test_extending.py``. You will also have
built and run a simple application called ``embedding`` that embeds
python.
.. _Getting Started Guide: ../../../more/getting_started/index.html
In Case of Trouble
------------------
If you're seeing lots of compiler and/or linker error messages,
it's probably because Boost.Build is having trouble finding your
Python installation. You might want to pass the
``--debug-configuration`` option to ``bjam`` the first few times
you invoke it, to make sure that Boost.Build is correctly locating
all the parts of your Python installation. If it isn't, consider
`Configuring Boost.Build`_ as detailed below.
If you're still having trouble, Someone on one of the following
mailing lists may be able to help:
* The `Boost.Build mailing list`__ for issues related to Boost.Build
* The Python `C++ Sig`__ for issues specifically related to Boost.Python
__ ../../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost
__ ../../../more/mailing_lists.htm#cplussig
In Case Everything Seemed to Work
---------------------------------
Rejoice! If you're new to Boost.Python, at this point it might be
a good idea to ignore build issues for a while and concentrate on
learning the library by going through the tutorial_ and perhaps
some of the `reference documentation`_, trying out what you've
learned about the API by modifying the quickstart project.
.. _reference documentation: v2/reference.html
.. _tutorial: tutorial/index.html
Modifying the Example Project
-----------------------------
If you're content to keep your extension module forever in one
source file called |extending.cpp|_, inside your Boost
distribution, and import it forever as ``extending``, then you can
stop here. However, it's likely that you will want to make a few
changes. There are a few things you can do without having to learn
Boost.Build_ in depth.
The project you just built is specified in two files in the current
directory: |boost-build.jam|_, which tells ``bjam`` where it can
find the interpreted code of the Boost build system, and
|Jamroot|_, which describes the targets you just built. These
files are heavily commented, so they should be easy to modify.
Take care, however, to preserve whitespace. Punctuation such as
``;`` will not be recognized as intended by ``bjam`` if it is not
surrounded by whitespace.
.. |boost-build.jam| replace:: ``boost-build.jam``
.. _boost-build.jam: ../example/quickstart/boost-build.jam
.. |Jamroot| replace:: ``Jamroot``
.. _Jamroot: ../example/quickstart/Jamroot
.. |extending.cpp| replace:: ``extending.cpp``
.. _extending.cpp: ../example/quickstart/extending.cpp
Relocate the Project
....................
You'll probably want to copy this project elsewhere so you can
change it without modifying your Boost distribution. To do that,
simply
a. copy the entire ``libs/python/example/quickstart/`` directory
into a new directory.
b. In the new copies of |boost-build.jam|_ and |Jamroot|_, locate
the relative path near the top of the file that is clearly
marked by a comment, and edit that path so that it refers to the
same directory your Boost distribution as it referred to when
the file was in its original location in the
``libs/python/example/quickstart/`` directory.
For example, if you moved the project from
``/home/dave/boost_1_34_0/libs/python/example/quickstart`` to
``/home/dave/my-project``, you could change the first path in
|boost-build.jam|_ from
.. parsed-literal::
**../../../..**\ /tools/build/v2
to
.. parsed-literal::
**/home/dave/boost_1_34_0**\ /tools/build/v2
and change the first path in |Jamroot|_ from
.. parsed-literal::
**../../../..**
to
.. parsed-literal::
**/home/dave/boost_1_34_0**
Add New or Change Names of Existing Source Files
................................................
The names of additional source files involved in building your
extension module or embedding application can be listed in
|Jamroot|_ right alongside ``extending.cpp`` or ``embedding.cpp``
respectively. Just be sure to leave whitespace around each
filename::
… file1.cpp file2.cpp file3.cpp …
Naturally, if you want to change the name of a source file you can
tell Boost.Build about it by editing the name in |Jamroot|_.
Change the Name of your Extension Module
........................................
The name of the extension module is determined by two things:
1. the name in |Jamroot|_ immediately following ``python-extension``, and
2. the name passed to ``BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE`` in |extending.cpp|_.
To change the name of the extension module from ``extending`` to
``hello``, you'd edit |Jamroot|_, changing
.. parsed-literal::
python-extension **extending** : extending.cpp ;
to
.. parsed-literal::
python-extension **hello** : extending.cpp ;
and you'd edit extending.cpp, changing
.. parsed-literal::
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(\ **extending**\ )
to
.. parsed-literal::
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(\ **hello**\ )
Installing Boost.Python on your System
======================================
Getting Boost.Python Binaries
=============================
Since Boost.Python is a separately-compiled (as opposed to
`header-only`_) library, its user relies on the services of a
@@ -320,24 +104,25 @@ Boost.Python library binary.
.. _header-only: ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#header-only-libraries
If you need a regular installation of the Boost.Python library
Installing Boost.Python on your System
--------------------------------------
If you need a regular, installation of the Boost.Python library
binaries on your system, the Boost `Getting Started Guide`_ will
walk you through the steps of creating one. If building binaries
walk you through the steps of installing one. If building binaries
from source, you might want to supply the ``--with-python``
argument to ``bjam`` (or the ``--with-libraries=python`` argument
to ``configure``), so only the Boost.Python binary will be built,
rather than all the Boost binaries.
Configuring Boost.Build
=======================
As described in the `Boost.Build reference manual`__, a file called
``user-config.jam`` in your home directory [#home-dir]_ is used to
specify the tools and libraries available to the build system. You
may need to create or edit ``user-config.jam`` to tell Boost.Build
how to invoke Python, ``#include`` its headers, and link with its
libraries.
``user-config.jam`` in your home
directory [#home-dir]_ is used to
describe the build resources available to the build system. You'll
need to tell it about your Python installation.
__ http://www.boost.orgdoc/html/bbv2/advanced.html#bbv2.advanced.configuration
@@ -350,58 +135,66 @@ __ http://www.boost.orgdoc/html/bbv2/advanced.html#bbv2.advanced.configuration
were built, your ``user-config.jam`` file is probably already
correct.
If you have one fairly “standard” python installation for your
platform, you might not need to do anything special to describe it. If
you haven't configured python in ``user-config.jam`` (and you don't
specify ``--without-python`` on the Boost.Build command line),
Boost.Build will automatically execute the equivalent of ::
If you have a fairly “standard” python installation for your
platform, there's very little you need to do to describe it.
Simply having ::
import toolset : using ;
using python ;
which automatically looks for Python in the most likely places.
However, that only happens when using the Boost.Python project file
(e.g. when referred to by another project as in the quickstart_
method). If instead you are linking against separately-compiled
Boost.Python binaries, you should set up a ``user-config.jam`` file
with at least the minimal incantation above.
in a ``user-config.jam`` file in your home directory [#home-dir]_
should be enough. [#user-config.jam]_ For more complicated setups,
see `Advanced Configuration`_.
Python Configuration Parameters
-------------------------------
.. Note:: You might want to pass the ``--debug-configuration``
option to ``bjam`` the first few times you invoke it, to make
sure that Boost.Build is correctly locating all the parts of
your Python installation. If it isn't, consider passing some of
the optional `Python configuration parameters`_ detailed below.
Building an Extension Module
============================
Testing
=======
Advanced Configuration
======================
If you have several versions of Python installed, or Python is
installed in an unusual way, you may want to supply any or all of
the following optional parameters to ``using python``.
Python Configuration Parameters
-------------------------------
version
the version of Python to use. Should be in Major.Minor
format, for example, ``2.3``. Do not include the subminor
version (i.e. *not* ``2.5.1``). If you have multiple Python
versions installed, the version will usually be the only
configuration argument required.
additional argument required.
cmd-or-prefix
preferably, a command that invokes a Python interpreter.
Alternatively, the installation prefix for Python libraries and
header files. Only use the alternative formulation if there is
no appropriate Python executable available.
preferably, a command that invokes a Python
interpreter. Alternatively, the installation prefix for Python
libraries and header files. Use the alternative formulation if
there is no appropriate Python executable available.
includes
the ``#include`` paths for Python headers. Normally the correct
path(s) will be automatically deduced from ``version`` and/or
``cmd-or-prefix``.
the ``#include`` path for Python headers.
libraries
the path to Python library binaries. On MacOS/Darwin,
you can also pass the path of the Python framework. Normally the
correct path(s) will be automatically deduced from ``version``
and/or ``cmd-or-prefix``.
you can also pass the path of the Python framework.
condition
if specified, should be a set of Boost.Build
properties that are matched against the build configuration when
Boost.Build selects a Python configuration to use. See examples
below for details.
Boost.Build selects a Python configuration to use.
extension-suffix
A string to append to the name of extension
@@ -409,12 +202,10 @@ extension-suffix
don't need to use this. Usually this suffix is only used when
targeting a Windows debug build of Python, and will be set
automatically for you based on the value of the
|python-debugging|_ feature. However, at least one Linux
``<python-debugging>`` feature. However, at least one Linux
distribution (Ubuntu Feisty Fawn) has a specially configured
`python-dbg`__ package that claims to use such a suffix.
.. |python-debugging| replace:: ``<python-debugging>``
__ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PyDbgBuilds
@@ -456,17 +247,6 @@ significant.
: <toolset>intel # condition
;
- If you have downloaded the Python sources and built both the
normal and the “\ `python debugging`_\ ” builds from source on
Windows, you might see::
using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python ;
using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python_d
: # includes
: # libs
: <python-debugging>on ;
- You can set up your user-config.jam so a bjam built under Windows
can build/test both Windows and Cygwin_ python extensions. Just pass
``<target-os>cygwin`` in the ``condition`` parameter
@@ -510,7 +290,7 @@ __ http://zigzag.cs.msu.su/boost.build/wiki/AlternativeSelection
Choosing a Boost.Python Library Binary
======================================
If—instead of letting Boost.Build construct and link with the right
If—instead of letting Boost.Build construct and link withthe right
libraries automatically—you choose to use a pre-built Boost.Python
library, you'll need to think about which one to link with. The
Boost.Python binary comes in both static and dynamic flavors. Take
@@ -552,64 +332,6 @@ any of the following cases:
use the types exposed by your statically-linked extension
modules (and vice-versa).
``#include`` Issues
===================
1. If you should ever have occasion to ``#include "python.h"``
directly in a translation unit of a program using Boost.Python,
use ``#include "boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp"`` instead.
It handles several issues necessary for use with Boost.Python,
one of which is mentioned in the next section.
2. Be sure not to ``#include`` any system headers before
``wrap_python.hpp``. This restriction is actually imposed by
Python, or more properly, by Python's interaction with your
operating system. See
http://docs.python.org/ext/simpleExample.html for details.
.. _python-debugging:
.. _python debugging:
Python Debugging Builds
=======================
Python can be built in a special “python debugging” configuration
that adds extra checks and instrumentation that can be very useful
for developers of extension modules. The data structures used by
the debugging configuration contain additional members, so **a
Python executable built with python debugging enabled cannot be
used with an extension module or library compiled without it, and
vice-versa.**
Since pre-built “python debugging” versions of the Python
executable and libraries are not supplied with most distributions
of Python, [#get-debug-build]_ and we didn't want to force our users
to build them, Boost.Build does not automatically enable python
debugging in its ``debug`` build variant (which is the default).
Instead there is a special build property called
``python-debugging`` that, when used as a build property, will
define the right preprocessor symbols and select the right
libraries to link with.
On unix-variant platforms, the debugging versions of Python's data
structures will only be used if the symbol ``Py_DEBUG`` is defined.
On many windows compilers, when extension modules are built with
the preprocessor symbol ``_DEBUG``, Python defaults to force
linking with a special debugging version of the Python DLL. Since
that symbol is very commonly used even when Python is not present,
Boost.Python temporarily undefines _DEBUG when Python.h
is #included from ``boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp`` - unless
``BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON`` is defined. The upshot is that if you want
“python debugging”and you aren't using Boost.Build, you should make
sure ``BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON`` is defined, or python debugging will be
suppressed.
Testing Boost.Python
====================
To run the full test suite for Boost.Python, invoke ``bjam`` in the
``libs/python/test`` subdirectory of your Boost distribution.
Notes for MinGW (and Cygwin with -mno-cygwin) GCC Users
=======================================================
@@ -643,9 +365,13 @@ __ http://www.python.org/doc/current/inst/index.html
__ ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#library-naming
__ ../../../more/getting_started/unix-variants.html#library-naming
Be sure to read this section even if your compiler supports
auto-linking, as Boost.Python does not yet take advantage of
that feature.
.. [#toolset-specific] Because of the way most \*nix platforms
share symbols among dynamically-loaded objects, I'm not certain
that extension modules built with different compiler toolsets
share symbols among dynamically-loaded objects, I'm not
certainextension modules built with different compiler toolsets
will always use different copies of the Boost.Python library
when loaded into the same Python instance. Not using different
libraries could be a good thing if the compilers have compatible
@@ -665,17 +391,14 @@ __ http://www.python.org/doc/current/inst/index.html
toolset, and you might need handle both explicitly if you also
have a MinGW GCC installed.
.. [#user-config.jam] Create the ``user-config.jam`` file if you don't
already have one.
.. [#home-dir] Windows users, your home directory can be
found by typing::
ECHO %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%
into a `command prompt`_ window.
into a `Windows command prompt`__
.. [#get-debug-build] On Unix and similar platforms, a debugging
python and associated libraries are built by adding
``--with-pydebug`` when configuring the Python build. On
Windows, the debugging version of Python is generated by
the "Win32 Debug" target of the Visual Studio project in the
PCBuild subdirectory of a full Python source code distribution.
You may also find
__ ../../../more/getting_started/windows.html#or-build-from-the-command-prompt

View File

@@ -147,9 +147,7 @@
<dt><a href="v2/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a></dt>
<dt><a href="http://www.language-binding.net/pyplusplus/pyplusplus.html">Py++ Boost.Python code generator</a></dt>
<dt><a href="../pyste/index.html">Pyste Boost.Python code generator (no longer maintained)</a></dt>
<dt><a href="../pyste/index.html">Pyste (Boost.Python code generator)</a></dt>
<dt><a href="internals.html">Internals Documentation</a></dt>

View File

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2002-2005 Joel
de Guzman, David Abrahams</p></div>
<div><div class="legalnotice">
<a name="id3128483"></a><p>
<a name="id2632684"></a><p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">
http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt </a>)
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
(IDL).
</p>
<a name="quickstart.hello_world"></a><h3>
<a name="id3090903"></a>
<a name="id2595112"></a>
Hello World
</h3>
<p>
@@ -132,14 +132,20 @@
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><strong>Next stop... Building your Hello World module
from start to finish...</strong></span></em></span>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><strong>Next stop... Building your Hello World
module from start to finish...</strong></span></em></span>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"><small><p>Last revised: May 18, 2007 at 15:45:45 GMT</p></small></td>
<td align="left"><small><p>Last revised: May 18, 2007 at 15:46:01 GMT</p></small></td>
<td align="right"><small></small></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>

View File

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
Python/C API at all. So stay tuned... <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/smiley.png" alt="smiley"></span>
</p>
<a name="embedding.building_embedded_programs"></a><h3>
<a name="id3150903"></a>
<a name="id2654982"></a>
Building embedded programs
</h3>
<p>
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
&lt;find-library&gt;$(PYTHON_EMBEDDED_LIBRARY) ;
</pre>
<a name="embedding.getting_started"></a><h3>
<a name="id3150996"></a>
<a name="id2655076"></a>
Getting started
</h3>
<p>
@@ -91,9 +91,7 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
</p>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
<li>
#include
 <code class="literal">&lt;boost/python.hpp&gt;</code><br><br>
#include <code class="literal">&lt;boost/python.hpp&gt;</code><br><br>
</li>
<li>
Call <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-652" target="_top">Py_Initialize</a>()
@@ -104,20 +102,27 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
Call other Python C API routines to use the interpreter.<br><br>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Note that at this time
you must not call <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-656" target="_top">Py_Finalize</a>()
to stop the interpreter. This may be fixed in a future version of boost.python.</strong></span>
</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Note that at this time you must
not call <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/initialization.html#l2h-656" target="_top">Py_Finalize</a>()
to stop the interpreter. This may be fixed in a future version of boost.python.</strong></span>
</p>
</div>
<p>
(Of course, there can be other C++ code between all of these steps.)
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><strong>Now that we can embed the interpreter in
our programs, lets see how to put it to use...</strong></span></em></span>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><strong>Now that we can embed the interpreter in
our programs, lets see how to put it to use...</strong></span></em></span>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="python.using_the_interpreter"></a>Using the interpreter</h3></div></div></div>
@@ -125,14 +130,14 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
As you probably already know, objects in Python are reference-counted. Naturally,
the <code class="literal">PyObject</code>s of the Python/C API are also reference-counted.
There is a difference however. While the reference-counting is fully automatic
in Python, the Python/C API requires you to do it <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/api/refcounts.html" target="_top">by
hand</a>. This is messy and especially hard to get right in the presence
in Python, the Python<span class="emphasis"><em>C API requires you to do it [@http:</em></span>/www.python.org/doc/current/api/refcounts.html
by hand]. This is messy and especially hard to get right in the presence
of C++ exceptions. Fortunately Boost.Python provides the <a href="../../../../v2/handle.html" target="_top">handle</a>
and <a href="../../../../v2/object.html" target="_top">object</a> class templates to
automate the process.
</p>
<a name="using_the_interpreter.running_python_code"></a><h3>
<a name="id3151190"></a>
<a name="id2655255"></a>
Running Python code
</h3>
<p>
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
a phrase that is well-known in programming circles.
</p>
<a name="using_the_interpreter.manipulating_python_objects"></a><h3>
<a name="id3151717"></a>
<a name="id2655783"></a>
Manipulating Python objects
</h3>
<p>
@@ -210,7 +215,7 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">five_squared</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">extract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<a name="using_the_interpreter.exception_handling"></a><h3>
<a name="id3152050"></a>
<a name="id2656116"></a>
Exception handling
</h3>
<p>
@@ -233,10 +238,10 @@ exe embedded_program # name of the executable
The <code class="literal">error_already_set</code> exception class doesn't carry any
information in itself. To find out more about the Python exception that occurred,
you need to use the <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/api/exceptionHandling.html" target="_top">exception
handling functions</a> of the Python/C API in your catch-statement. This
can be as simple as calling <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-70" target="_top">PyErr_Print()</a>
to print the exception's traceback to the console, or comparing the type
of the exception with those of the <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/api/standardExceptions.html" target="_top">standard
handling functions</a> of the Python<span class="emphasis"><em>C API in your catch-statement.
This can be as simple as calling [@http:</em></span>/www.python.org/doc/api/exceptionHandling.html#l2h-70
PyErr_Print()] to print the exception's traceback to the console, or comparing
the type of the exception with those of the <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/api/standardExceptions.html" target="_top">standard
exceptions</a>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">

View File

@@ -379,13 +379,14 @@
The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wrapper</span></code> template makes
the job of wrapping classes that are meant to overridden in Python, easier.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>MSVC6/7 Workaround</strong></span><br>
<br> If you are using Microsoft Visual C++ 6 or 7, you have to write
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> as:<br> <br>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="keyword">this</span><span class="special">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier">get_override</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"f"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></code>.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>MSVC6/7 Workaround</strong></span><br>
<br> If you are using Microsoft Visual C++ 6 or 7, you have to write <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> as:<br> <br> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span>
<span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="keyword">this</span><span class="special">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier">get_override</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"f"</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></code>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
BaseWrap's overridden virtual member function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>
in effect calls the corresponding method of the Python object through <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">get_override</span></code>.
@@ -403,14 +404,13 @@
that the function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> is a
pure virtual function.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>member function and
methods</strong></span><br> <br> Python, like many object oriented languages
uses the term <span class="bold"><strong>methods</strong></span>. Methods correspond
roughly to C++'s <span class="bold"><strong>member functions</strong></span>
</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>member function and methods</strong></span><br>
<br> Python, like many object oriented languages uses the term <span class="bold"><strong>methods</strong></span>. Methods correspond roughly to C++'s <span class="bold"><strong>member functions</strong></span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
@@ -464,12 +464,15 @@
we have to check if there is an override for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>.
If none, then we call <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">()</span></code>.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>MSVC6/7 Workaround</strong></span><br>
<br> If you are using Microsoft Visual C++ 6 or 7, you have to rewrite
the line with the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">note</span><span class="special">*</span></code> as:<br> <br> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></code>.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>MSVC6/7 Workaround</strong></span><br>
<br> If you are using Microsoft Visual C++ 6 or 7, you have to rewrite
the line with the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">note</span><span class="special">*</span></code> as:<br> <br> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">return</span>
<span class="identifier">call</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span></code>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Finally, exposing:
</p>
@@ -516,7 +519,7 @@
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="python.class_operators_special_functions"></a>Class Operators/Special Functions</h3></div></div></div>
<a name="class_operators_special_functions.python_operators"></a><h3>
<a name="id3142031"></a>
<a name="id2646169"></a>
Python Operators
</h3>
<p>
@@ -565,7 +568,7 @@
expressions".
</p>
<a name="class_operators_special_functions.special_methods"></a><h3>
<a name="id3142715"></a>
<a name="id2646853"></a>
Special Methods
</h3>
<p>
@@ -593,11 +596,15 @@
<p>
Need we say more?
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> What is the business of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code>? Well, the method <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">str</span></code> requires the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code> to do its work (i.e. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code>
is used by the method defined by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">self</span><span class="special">))</span></code>.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> What is the business of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code>? Well, the method <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">str</span></code>
requires the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code>
to do its work (i.e. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span></code> is used by the method defined by
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">self</span><span class="special">))</span></code>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>

View File

@@ -38,9 +38,15 @@
see facilities that will make it even easier for us to expose C++ functions
that take advantage of C++ features such as overloading and default arguments.
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Read on...</em></span>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Read on...</em></span>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<p>
But before you do, you might want to fire up Python 2.2 or later and type
<code class="literal">&gt;&gt;&gt; import this</code>.
@@ -90,9 +96,9 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
Here's an example where it didn't
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">)</span> # <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="identifier">refers</span> <span class="identifier">to</span> <span class="identifier">some</span> <span class="identifier">C</span><span class="special">++</span> <span class="identifier">X</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="preprocessor"># x</span> <span class="identifier">refers</span> <span class="identifier">to</span> <span class="identifier">some</span> <span class="identifier">C</span><span class="special">++</span> <span class="identifier">X</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">del</span> <span class="identifier">y</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">some_method</span><span class="special">()</span> # <span class="identifier">CRASH</span><span class="special">!</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">some_method</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="preprocessor"># CRASH</span><span class="special">!</span>
</pre>
<p>
What's the problem?
@@ -166,9 +172,9 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
a raw pointer. Now we have a potential dangling pointer problem inside Y:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">)</span> # <span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="identifier">refers</span> <span class="identifier">to</span> <span class="identifier">z</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">del</span> <span class="identifier">z</span> # <span class="identifier">Kill</span> <span class="identifier">the</span> <span class="identifier">z</span> <span class="identifier">object</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">z_value</span><span class="special">()</span> # <span class="identifier">CRASH</span><span class="special">!</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="preprocessor"># y</span> <span class="identifier">refers</span> <span class="identifier">to</span> <span class="identifier">z</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">del</span> <span class="identifier">z</span> <span class="preprocessor"># Kill</span> <span class="identifier">the</span> <span class="identifier">z</span> <span class="identifier">object</span>
<span class="special">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">z_value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="preprocessor"># CRASH</span><span class="special">!</span>
</pre>
<p>
For reference, here's the implementation of <code class="literal">f</code> again:
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
<li><span class="bold"><strong>BOOM!</strong></span></li>
</ol></div>
<a name="call_policies.call_policies"></a><h3>
<a name="id3144432"></a>
<a name="id2648560"></a>
Call Policies
</h3>
<p>
@@ -287,13 +293,14 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
and hold the instance
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/smiley.png" alt="smiley"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Remember the Zen, Luke:</strong></span><br>
<br> "Explicit is better than implicit"<br> "In
the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess"<br>
</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/smiley.png" alt="smiley"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Remember the Zen, Luke:</strong></span><br>
<br> "Explicit is better than implicit"<br> "In the face
of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess"<br>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
@@ -404,7 +411,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
</li>
</ul></div>
<a name="default_arguments.boost_python_function_overloads"></a><h3>
<a name="id3146300"></a>
<a name="id2650414"></a>
BOOST_PYTHON_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS
</h3>
<p>
@@ -434,7 +441,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
<span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"foo"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">foo_overloads</span><span class="special">());</span>
</pre>
<a name="default_arguments.boost_python_member_function_overloads"></a><h3>
<a name="id3146587"></a>
<a name="id2650701"></a>
BOOST_PYTHON_MEMBER_FUNCTION_OVERLOADS
</h3>
<p>
@@ -480,7 +487,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
reference</a> for details.
</p>
<a name="default_arguments.init_and_optional"></a><h3>
<a name="id3146923"></a>
<a name="id2651031"></a>
init and optional
</h3>
<p>
@@ -554,7 +561,7 @@ Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
(0) arguments and a maximum of 3 arguments.
</p>
<a name="auto_overloading.manual_wrapping"></a><h3>
<a name="id3147627"></a>
<a name="id2651734"></a>
Manual Wrapping
</h3>
<p>

View File

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="python.hello"></a> Building Hello World</h2></div></div></div>
<a name="hello.from_start_to_finish"></a><h3>
<a name="id3091224"></a>
<a name="id2595436"></a>
From Start To Finish
</h3>
<p>
@@ -35,17 +35,19 @@
necessary to achieve that. We shall use the build tool that comes bundled with
every boost distribution: <span class="bold"><strong>bjam</strong></span>.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Building without bjam</strong></span><br>
<br> Besides bjam, there are of course other ways to get your module
built. What's written here should not be taken as "the one and only
way". There are of course other build tools apart from <code class="literal">bjam</code>.<br>
<br> Take note however that the preferred build tool for Boost.Python
is bjam. There are so many ways to set up the build incorrectly. Experience
shows that 90% of the "I can't build Boost.Python" problems
come from people who had to use a different tool. </td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Building without bjam</strong></span><br>
<br> Besides bjam, there are of course other ways to get your module built.
What's written here should not be taken as "the one and only way".
There are of course other build tools apart from <code class="literal">bjam</code>.<br>
<br> Take note however that the preferred build tool for Boost.Python is
bjam. There are so many ways to set up the build incorrectly. Experience shows
that 90% of the "I can't build Boost.Python" problems come from people
who had to use a different tool.
</p>
</div>
<p>
We shall skip over the details. Our objective will be to simply create the
hello world module and run it in Python. For a complete reference to building
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@
platforms. The complete list of Bjam executables can be found <a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586" target="_top">here</a>.
</p>
<a name="hello.let_s_jam_"></a><h3>
<a name="id3091427"></a>
<a name="id2595623"></a>
Let's Jam!
</h3>
<p>
@@ -150,16 +152,22 @@ extension hello # Declare a Python extension called hello
The last part tells BJam that we are depending on the Boost Python Library.
</p>
<a name="hello.running_bjam"></a><h3>
<a name="id3091556"></a>
<a name="id2595752"></a>
Running bjam
</h3>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>bjam</em></span> is run using your operating system's command line
interpreter.
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
Start it up.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
Start it up.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<p>
Make sure that the environment is set so that we can invoke the C++ compiler.
With MSVC, that would mean running the <code class="literal">Vcvars32.bat</code> batch
@@ -178,11 +186,13 @@ set PYTHON_VERSION=2.2
The above assumes that the Python installation is in <code class="literal">c:/dev/tools/python</code>
and that we are using Python version 2.2. You'll have to tweak these appropriately.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/tip.png" alt="tip"></span> Be sure not to include a third number, e.g. <span class="bold"><strong>not</strong></span> "2.2.1", even if that's the version
you have.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/tip.png" alt="tip"></span> Be sure not to include a third number, e.g. <span class="bold"><strong>not</strong></span> "2.2.1", even if that's the version you
have.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Take note that you may also do that through the Jamrules file we put in our
project as detailed above. The file has <a href="../../../../../example/tutorial/Jamrules" target="_top">detailed
@@ -272,9 +282,15 @@ b and object bin\tutorial\hello.pyd\vc-7_1\debug\threading-multi\hello.exp
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
<span class="bold"><strong>There you go... Have fun!</strong></span>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>There you go... Have fun!</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>

View File

@@ -176,12 +176,14 @@
% x,y,z</code> in Python, which is useful since there's no easy way to
do that in std C++.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Beware</strong></span> the
common pitfall of forgetting that the constructors of most of Python's
mutable types make copies, just as in Python. </td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/alert.png" alt="alert"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Beware</strong></span> the common pitfall
of forgetting that the constructors of most of Python's mutable types make
copies, just as in Python.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Python:
</p>
@@ -197,7 +199,7 @@
</span><span class="identifier">d</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="char">'whatever'</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// modifies the copy
</span></pre>
<a name="derived_object_types.class__lt_t_gt__as_objects"></a><h3>
<a name="id3149441"></a>
<a name="id2653534"></a>
class_&lt;T&gt; as objects
</h3>
<p>
@@ -295,14 +297,15 @@
above creates a Python class derived from Python's <code class="literal">int</code>
type which is associated with the C++ type passed as its first parameter.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>what is a scope?</strong></span><br>
<br> The scope is a class that has an associated global Python object
which controls the Python namespace in which new extension classes
and wrapped functions will be defined as attributes. Details can be
found <a href="../../../../v2/scope.html" target="_top">here</a>.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> <span class="bold"><strong>what is a scope?</strong></span><br>
<br> The scope is a class that has an associated global Python object which
controls the Python namespace in which new extension classes and wrapped
functions will be defined as attributes. Details can be found <a href="../../../../v2/scope.html" target="_top">here</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
You can access those values in Python as
</p>

View File

@@ -96,13 +96,15 @@
Compiling these files will generate the following Python extensions: <code class="literal">core.pyd</code>,
<code class="literal">io.pyd</code> and <code class="literal">filters.pyd</code>.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> The extension <code class="literal">.pyd</code> is used
for python extension modules, which are just shared libraries. Using
the default for your system, like <code class="literal">.so</code> for Unix and
<code class="literal">.dll</code> for Windows, works just as well.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> The extension <code class="literal">.pyd</code> is used for python
extension modules, which are just shared libraries. Using the default for
your system, like <code class="literal">.so</code> for Unix and <code class="literal">.dll</code>
for Windows, works just as well.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Now, we create this directory structure for our Python package:
</p>
@@ -165,12 +167,12 @@
__init__.py
core/
__init__.py
_core.pyd
<span class="underline">core.pyd
filters/
__init__.py
_filters.pyd
\</span>_init__.py
<span class="underline">filters.pyd
io/
__init__.py
\</span>_init__.py
_io.pyd
</pre>
<p>
@@ -425,19 +427,23 @@
exporting it to Python at the same time: changes in a class will only demand
the compilation of a single cpp, instead of the entire wrapper code.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> If you're exporting your classes with <a href="../../../../../pyste/index.html" target="_top">Pyste</a>,
take a look at the <code class="literal">--multiple</code> option, that generates
the wrappers in various files as demonstrated here.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<tbody><tr><td class="blurb"> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> This method is useful too if you are getting the
error message <span class="emphasis"><em>"fatal error C1204:Compiler limit:internal
structure overflow"</em></span> when compiling a large source file,
as explained in the <a href="../../../../v2/faq.html#c1204" target="_top">FAQ</a>.</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> If you're exporting your classes with <a href="../../../../../pyste/index.html" target="_top">Pyste</a>,
take a look at the <code class="literal">--multiple</code> option, that generates the
wrappers in various files as demonstrated here.
</p>
</div>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="title"><b></b></p>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/note.png" alt="note"></span> This method is useful too if you are getting the error
message <span class="emphasis"><em>"fatal error C1204:Compiler limit:internal structure
overflow"</em></span> when compiling a large source file, as explained
in the <a href="../../../../v2/faq.html#c1204" target="_top">FAQ</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>

View File

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ void greet()
// Define greet function in Python.
object result = exec(
"def greet(self): \n"
"def greet(): \n"
" return 'Hello from Python!' \n",
global, global);
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ void greet()
we could also store it in an a file...</para>
<pre>
def greet(self):
def greet():
return 'Hello from Python!'
</pre>
<para>... and execute that instead.</para>

View File

@@ -214,6 +214,9 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace self_ns {
<a href=
"#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; str(self_t);
<a href=
"#operator_-spec">operator_</a>&lt;<i>unspecified</i>&gt; repr(self_t);
}}};
</pre>
The tables below describe the methods generated when the results of the
@@ -765,6 +768,15 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace self_ns {
<td><code><a href=
"../../../conversion/lexical_cast.htm#lexical_cast">lexical_cast</a>&lt;std::string&gt;(x)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>repr</code></td>
<td><code>__repr__</code></td>
<td><code><a href=
"../../../conversion/lexical_cast.htm#lexical_cast">lexical_cast</a>&lt;std::string&gt;(x)</code></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3><a name="other-spec"></a>Class Template <code>other</code></h3>

BIN
example/project.zip Normal file

Binary file not shown.

View File

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
# Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
# Specify the path to the Boost project. If you move this project,
# adjust the path to refer to the Boost root directory.
use-project boost
: ../../../.. ;
# Set up the project-wide requirements that everything uses the
# boost_python library defined in the project whose global ID is
# /boost/python.
project boost-python-quickstart
: requirements <library>/boost/python//boost_python
;
# Make the definition of the python-extension rule available
import python ;
# Declare a Python extension called hello.
python-extension extending : extending.cpp ;
# Declare an executable called embedding that embeds Python
exe embedding : embedding.cpp /python//python ;
import testing ;
# Declare a test of the extension module
testing.make-test run-pyd : extending test_extending.py : : test_ext ;
# Declare a test of the embedding application
testing.run embedding
: # any ordinary arguments
: script.py # any arguments that should be treated as relative paths
: # requirements
: test_embed ; # name of test
# Create a "test" target that runs all the tests
alias test : test_ext test_embed ;
# make sure the tests don't run by default
explicit test_ext test_embed test ;

View File

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
# Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
# Edit this path to point at the tools/build/v2 subdirectory of your
# Boost installation. Absolute paths work, too.
boost-build ../../../../tools/build/v2 ;

View File

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
// Copyright Stefan Seefeld 2005.
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
#include <iostream>
namespace python = boost::python;
// An abstract base class
class Base : public boost::noncopyable
{
public:
virtual ~Base() {};
virtual std::string hello() = 0;
};
// C++ derived class
class CppDerived : public Base
{
public:
virtual ~CppDerived() {}
virtual std::string hello() { return "Hello from C++!";}
};
// Familiar Boost.Python wrapper class for Base
struct BaseWrap : Base, python::wrapper<Base>
{
virtual std::string hello()
{
#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, <= 1300)
// workaround for VC++ 6.x or 7.0, see
// http://boost.org/libs/python/doc/tutorial/doc/html/python/exposing.html#python.class_virtual_functions
return python::call<std::string>(this->get_override("hello").ptr());
#else
return this->get_override("hello")();
#endif
}
};
// Pack the Base class wrapper into a module
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(embedded_hello)
{
python::class_<BaseWrap, boost::noncopyable> base("Base");
}
void exec_test()
{
std::cout << "registering extension module embedded_hello..." << std::endl;
// Register the module with the interpreter
if (PyImport_AppendInittab("embedded_hello", initembedded_hello) == -1)
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to add embedded_hello to the interpreter's "
"builtin modules");
std::cout << "defining Python class derived from Base..." << std::endl;
// Retrieve the main module
python::object main = python::import("__main__");
// Retrieve the main module's namespace
python::object global(main.attr("__dict__"));
// Define the derived class in Python.
python::object result = python::exec(
"from embedded_hello import * \n"
"class PythonDerived(Base): \n"
" def hello(self): \n"
" return 'Hello from Python!' \n",
global, global);
python::object PythonDerived = global["PythonDerived"];
// Creating and using instances of the C++ class is as easy as always.
CppDerived cpp;
BOOST_TEST(cpp.hello() == "Hello from C++!");
std::cout << "testing derived class from C++..." << std::endl;
// But now creating and using instances of the Python class is almost
// as easy!
python::object py_base = PythonDerived();
Base& py = python::extract<Base&>(py_base) BOOST_EXTRACT_WORKAROUND;
// Make sure the right 'hello' method is called.
BOOST_TEST(py.hello() == "Hello from Python!");
std::cout << "success!" << std::endl;
}
void exec_file_test(std::string const &script)
{
std::cout << "running file " << script << "..." << std::endl;
// Run a python script in an empty environment.
python::dict global;
python::object result = python::exec_file(script.c_str(), global, global);
// Extract an object the script stored in the global dictionary.
BOOST_TEST(python::extract<int>(global["number"]) == 42);
std::cout << "success!" << std::endl;
}
void exec_test_error()
{
std::cout << "intentionally causing a python exception..." << std::endl;
// Execute a statement that raises a python exception.
python::dict global;
python::object result = python::exec("print unknown \n", global, global);
std::cout << "Oops! This statement should be skipped due to an exception" << std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
BOOST_TEST(argc == 2);
std::string script = argv[1];
// Initialize the interpreter
Py_Initialize();
bool error_expected = false;
if (
python::handle_exception(exec_test)
|| python::handle_exception(boost::bind(exec_file_test, script))
|| (
(error_expected = true)
&& python::handle_exception(exec_test_error)
)
)
{
if (PyErr_Occurred())
{
if (!error_expected)
BOOST_ERROR("Python Error detected");
PyErr_Print();
}
else
{
BOOST_ERROR("A C++ exception was thrown for which "
"there was no exception translator registered.");
}
}
// Boost.Python doesn't support Py_Finalize yet, so don't call it!
return boost::report_errors();
}

View File

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
// Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2002-2004. Distributed under the Boost
// Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
#include <boost/python/class.hpp>
#include <boost/python/module.hpp>
#include <boost/python/def.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
// A friendly class.
class hello
{
public:
hello(const std::string& country) { this->country = country; }
std::string greet() const { return "Hello from " + country; }
private:
std::string country;
};
// A function taking a hello object as an argument.
std::string invite(const hello& w) {
return w.greet() + "! Please come soon!";
}
}
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(extending)
{
using namespace boost::python;
class_<hello>("hello", init<std::string>())
// Add a regular member function.
.def("greet", &hello::greet)
// Add invite() as a member of hello!
.def("invite", invite)
;
// Also add invite() as a regular function to the module.
def("invite", invite);
}

View File

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
# Copyright Stefan Seefeld 2006. Distributed under the Boost
# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
print 'Hello World !'
number = 42

View File

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
# Copyright Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve 2006. Distributed under the Boost
# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
# Using the doctest module here to ensure that the results are as expected.
r'''>>> from extending import *
>>> hi = hello('California')
>>> hi.greet()
'Hello from California'
>>> invite(hi)
'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
>>> hi.invite()
'Hello from California! Please come soon!'
>>> class wordy(hello):
... def greet(self):
... return hello.greet(self) + ', where the weather is fine'
...
>>> hi2 = wordy('Florida')
>>> hi2.greet()
'Hello from Florida, where the weather is fine'
>>> invite(hi2)
'Hello from Florida! Please come soon!'
'''
def run(args = None):
if args is not None:
import sys
sys.argv = args
import doctest, test_extending
return doctest.testmod(test_extending, verbose=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
sys.exit(run()[0])

View File

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ struct BOOST_PYTHON_DECL registration
{
public: // member functions
explicit registration(type_info target, bool is_shared_ptr = false);
~registration();
// Convert the appropriately-typed data to Python
PyObject* to_python(void const volatile*) const;

View File

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ enum operator_id
op_ixor,
op_ior,
op_complex,
op_nonzero
op_nonzero,
op_repr
};
}}} // namespace boost::python::detail

View File

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
# include <boost/mpl/int.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/push_front.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/pop_front.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/assert.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace python {
@@ -103,12 +104,14 @@ namespace detail
// If the BasePolicy_ supplied a result converter it would be
// ignored; issue an error if it's not the default.
BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
is_same<
BOOST_MPL_ASSERT_MSG(
(is_same<
typename BasePolicy_::result_converter
, default_result_converter
>::value
));
>::value)
, MAKE_CONSTRUCTOR_SUPPLIES_ITS_OWN_RESULT_CONVERTER_THAT_WOULD_OVERRIDE_YOURS
, (typename BasePolicy_::result_converter)
);
typedef constructor_result_converter result_converter;
typedef offset_args<typename BasePolicy_::argument_package, mpl::int_<1> > argument_package;

View File

@@ -26,7 +26,23 @@ extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void init##name() \
} \
void init_module_##name()
# elif BOOST_PYTHON_USE_GCC_SYMBOL_VISIBILITY
# elif defined(_AIX) && !defined(BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_MODULE)
# include <boost/python/detail/aix_init_module.hpp>
# define BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(name) \
void init_module_##name(); \
extern "C" \
{ \
extern PyObject* _PyImport_LoadDynamicModule(char*, char*, FILE *); \
void init##name() \
{ \
boost::python::detail::aix_init_module( \
_PyImport_LoadDynamicModule, #name, &init_module_##name); \
} \
} \
void init_module_##name()
# elif BOOST_PYTHON_USE_GCC_SYMBOL_VISIBILITY
# define BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(name) \
void init_module_##name(); \
@@ -36,7 +52,7 @@ extern "C" __attribute__ ((visibility("default"))) void init##name() \
} \
void init_module_##name()
# else
# else
# define BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(name) \
void init_module_##name(); \

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
// Copyright Gottfried Ganßauge 2003..2006
// Copyright Gottfried Ganßauge 2003..2006.
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

View File

@@ -347,6 +347,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_OPERATOR(long, PyLong_FromLong, long_)
BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_OPERATOR(float, double, float_)
BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_OPERATOR(complex, std::complex<double>, complex_)
BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_OPERATOR(str, lexical_cast<std::string>, str)
BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_OPERATOR(repr, lexical_cast<std::string>, repr)
# undef BOOST_PYTHON_UNARY_OPERATOR
}} // namespace boost::python
@@ -358,6 +359,7 @@ using boost::python::self_ns::long_;
using boost::python::self_ns::float_;
using boost::python::self_ns::complex_;
using boost::python::self_ns::str;
using boost::python::self_ns::repr;
using boost::python::self_ns::pow;
# endif

141
src/aix_init_module.cpp Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
// Copyright David Abrahams 2002.
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
#ifdef _AIX
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
extern "C"
{
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
}
# include <string>
# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
# include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
# include <boost/python/detail/aix_init_module.hpp>
# include <boost/python/module.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
namespace
{
static PyMethodDef initial_methods[] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
extern "C" void initlibboost_python()
{
Py_InitModule("libboost_python", initial_methods);
}
struct find_and_open_file
{
FILE* fp;
std::string libpath; // -- search path
std::string filename; // -- filename to look for
std::string fullpath; // -- full path to file
find_and_open_file(
const std::string& libpath_env
, const std::string& file);
};
find_and_open_file::find_and_open_file(
const std::string& libpath_env
, const std::string& file)
: fp(0)
{
char* value = std::getenv(libpath_env.c_str());
if(value == 0)
return;
libpath = value;
if (libpath == "")
return;
std::string::size_type pos = 0, prev_pos = 0;
// -- loop through all search paths looking for file
while((pos = libpath.find_first_of(":",pos)) != std::string::npos)
{
fullpath = libpath.substr(prev_pos,pos - prev_pos) + "/" + file;
if (::access(fullpath.c_str(), R_OK) == 0)
{
struct stat filestat;
::stat(fullpath.c_str(), &filestat);
if (!S_ISDIR(filestat.st_mode))
{
fp = std::fopen(fullpath.c_str(), "r");
if (fp)
{
filename = file;
}
return;
}
}
prev_pos = ++pos;
}
// -- mop up odd path
if (libpath.find_first_of(":", prev_pos) == std::string::npos)
{
fullpath = libpath.substr(prev_pos, libpath.size() - prev_pos) + "/" + file;
if (::access(fullpath.c_str(), R_OK) == 0)
{
struct stat filestat;
::stat(fullpath.c_str(),&filestat);
if (!S_ISDIR(filestat.st_mode))
{
fp = std::fopen(fullpath.c_str(), "r");
filename = file;
}
}
}
}
}
void aix_init_module(
so_load_function load_dynamic_module
, char const* module_name
, void (*init_module)())
{
static bool initialized;
if (!initialized)
{
char const* const name = "libboost_python.so";
find_and_open_file dynlib("LIBPATH", name);
if (dynlib.fp == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, " Error: could not find %s\n", name);
return;
}
std::string::size_type pos = pos = dynlib.filename.rfind(".so");
if (pos != dynlib.filename.size() - 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "dynamic library %s must end with .so\n", dynlib.filename.c_str());
return;
}
PyObject* m =
load_dynamic_module(
const_cast<char*>(dynlib.filename.substr(0,pos).c_str()),
const_cast<char*>(dynlib.fullpath.c_str()),
dynlib.fp);
if (m == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "failed to load library %s\n", name);
return;
}
Py_DECREF(m);
initialized = true;
}
python::detail::init_module(module_name, init_module);
}
}}} // namespace boost::python
#endif

View File

@@ -57,6 +57,24 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* registration::to_python(void const volatile* source)
: this->m_to_python(const_cast<void*>(source));
}
namespace
{
template< typename T >
void delete_node( T* node )
{
if( !!node && !!node->next )
delete_node( node->next );
delete node;
}
}
registration::~registration()
{
delete_node(lvalue_chain);
delete_node(rvalue_chain);
}
namespace // <unnamed>
{
typedef registration entry;

View File

@@ -532,6 +532,10 @@ namespace objects
if (scope().ptr() != Py_None)
scope().attr(name) = result;
// For pickle. Will lead to informative error messages if pickling
// is not enabled.
result.attr("__reduce__") = object(make_instance_reduce_function());
return result;
}
}
@@ -629,7 +633,6 @@ namespace objects
void class_base::enable_pickling_(bool getstate_manages_dict)
{
setattr("__reduce__", object(make_instance_reduce_function()));
setattr("__safe_for_unpickling__", object(true));
if (getstate_manages_dict)

View File

@@ -32,10 +32,11 @@ extern "C"
{
static PyObject* enum_repr(PyObject* self_)
{
const char *mod = PyString_AsString(PyObject_GetAttrString( self_, "__module__"));
enum_object* self = downcast<enum_object>(self_);
if (!self->name)
{
return PyString_FromFormat("%s(%ld)", self_->ob_type->tp_name, PyInt_AS_LONG(self_));
return PyString_FromFormat("%s.%s(%ld)", mod, self_->ob_type->tp_name, PyInt_AS_LONG(self_));
}
else
{
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ extern "C"
if (name == 0)
return 0;
return PyString_FromFormat("%s.%s", self_->ob_type->tp_name, name);
return PyString_FromFormat("%s.%s.%s", mod, self_->ob_type->tp_name, name);
}
}
@@ -141,10 +142,9 @@ namespace
object module_name = module_prefix();
if (module_name)
module_name += '.';
d["__module__"] = module_name;
object result = (object(metatype))(
module_name + name, make_tuple(base), d);
object result = (object(metatype))(name, make_tuple(base), d);
scope().attr(name) = result;

View File

@@ -507,7 +507,8 @@ void function::add_to_namespace(
{
if ( PyObject_HasAttrString(mutable_attribute.ptr(), "__doc__")
&& mutable_attribute.attr("__doc__")) {
mutable_attribute.attr("__doc__") += "\n";
mutable_attribute.attr("__doc__") += (
mutable_attribute.attr("__doc__")[-1] != "\n" ? "\n\n" : "\n");
}
else {
mutable_attribute.attr("__doc__") = "";

View File

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
#include <boost/python/tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/python/list.hpp>
#include <boost/python/dict.hpp>
#include <boost/python/str.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace python {
@@ -19,6 +20,22 @@ namespace {
object instance_class(instance_obj.attr("__class__"));
result.append(instance_class);
object none;
if (!getattr(instance_obj, "__safe_for_unpickling__", none))
{
str type_name(getattr(instance_class, "__name__"));
str module_name(getattr(instance_class, "__module__", object("")));
if (module_name)
module_name += ".";
PyErr_SetObject(
PyExc_RuntimeError,
( "Pickling of \"%s\" instances is not enabled"
" (http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/v2/pickle.html)"
% (module_name+type_name)).ptr()
);
throw_error_already_set();
}
object getinitargs = getattr(instance_obj, "__getinitargs__", none);
tuple initargs;
if (getinitargs.ptr() != none.ptr()) {

View File

@@ -27,33 +27,25 @@ rule py-compile-fail ( sources * )
}
#template py-unit-test
# :
# : $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) <define>BOOST_PYTHON_SUPPRESS_REGISTRY_INITIALIZATION
# [ difference $(PYTHON_PROPERTIES) : <define>BOOST_PYTHON_DYNAMIC_LIB ] <define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB
# ;
test-suite python
:
[
run exec.cpp ../build//boost_python/<link>static /python//python
: # program args
: exec.py # input files
: # requirements
: # target-name
]
[
run exec.cpp ../build//boost_python/<link>shared /python//python
: # program args
: exec.py
: # requirements
: exec-dynamic # target-name
<define>BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_MODULE
]
# [
# run import_.cpp ../build//boost_python /python//python
# : # program args
# : import_.py # input files
# : # requirements
# : # target-name
# ]
[
bpl-test crossmod_exception
: crossmod_exception.py crossmod_exception_a.cpp crossmod_exception_b.cpp
@@ -76,7 +68,7 @@ bpl-test crossmod_exception
[ bpl-test minimal ]
[ bpl-test args ]
[ bpl-test raw_ctor ]
[ bpl-test numpy : numpy.py printer.py numeric_tests.py numarray_tests.py numpy.cpp ]
[ bpl-test numpy : printer.py numeric_tests.py numarray_tests.py numpy.py numpy.cpp ]
[ bpl-test enum ]
[ bpl-test exception_translator ]
[ bpl-test pearu1 : test_cltree.py cltree.cpp ]
@@ -85,11 +77,12 @@ bpl-test crossmod_exception
[ bpl-test keywords : keywords.cpp keywords_test.py ]
[ python-extension builtin_converters_ext : test_builtin_converters.cpp /boost/python//boost_python ]
[ bpl-test builtin_converters : test_builtin_converters.py builtin_converters_ext ]
[ python-extension builtin_converters.ext : test_builtin_converters.cpp /boost/python//boost_python ]
[ bpl-test builtin_converters : test_builtin_converters.py builtin_converters.ext ]
[ bpl-test test_pointer_adoption ]
[ bpl-test operators ]
[ bpl-test operators_wrapper ]
[ bpl-test callbacks ]
[ bpl-test defaults ]
@@ -152,13 +145,14 @@ bpl-test crossmod_opaque
# Whenever the cause for the failure of the polymorphism test is found
# and fixed, this should be retested.
<toolset>hp_cxx:<build>no ]
[ python-extension map_indexing_suite_ext
: map_indexing_suite.cpp int_map_indexing_suite.cpp
/boost/python//boost_python ]
[ bpl-test
map_indexing_suite : map_indexing_suite.py map_indexing_suite_ext ]
[ py-run import_.cpp : import_.py ]
# if $(TEST_BIENSTMAN_NON_BUGS)
# {
# bpl-test bienstman4 ;

View File

@@ -84,22 +84,24 @@
(2, 4.25, 'wow')
>>> q.f1()
(1, 4.25, 'wow')
>>> q.f2.__doc__.splitlines()[-4]
"f2's docstring"
>>> X.f.__doc__.splitlines()[:2]
["This is X.f's docstring", 'C++ signature:']
>>> X.f.__doc__.splitlines()[:3]
["This is X.f's docstring", '', 'C++ signature:']
>>> xfuncs = (X.inner0, X.inner1, X.inner2, X.inner3, X.inner4, X.inner5)
>>> for f in xfuncs:
... print f(q,1).value(),
... print f(q, n = 1).value(),
... print f(q, n = 0).value(),
... print f.__doc__.splitlines()[:2]
1 1 0 ['docstring', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', 'C++ signature:']
... print f.__doc__.splitlines()[:3]
1 1 0 ['docstring', '', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', '', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', '', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', '', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', '', 'C++ signature:']
1 1 0 ['docstring', '', 'C++ signature:']
>>> x = X(a1 = 44, a0 = 22)
>>> x.inner0(0).value()

View File

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
#include <boost/python/reference_existing_object.hpp>
#include <boost/python/call.hpp>
#include <boost/python/object.hpp>
#define BOOST_ENABLE_ASSERT_HANDLER
#include <boost/assert.hpp>
using namespace boost::python;

View File

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
... doc = obj.__doc__.splitlines()
... return "\\n".join(["|"+doc[i] for i in args])
>>> print selected_doc(X.__init__, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
>>> print selected_doc(X.__init__, 0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17)
|C++ signature:
|C++ signature:
|C++ signature:
@@ -123,11 +123,11 @@
|C++ signature:
|C++ signature:
>>> print selected_doc(Y.__init__, 0, 1)
>>> print selected_doc(Y.__init__, 0, 2)
|doc of Y init
|C++ signature:
>>> print selected_doc(X.bar2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10)
>>> print selected_doc(X.bar2, 0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14)
|C++ signature:
|C++ signature:
|C++ signature:

View File

@@ -8,23 +8,23 @@
... doc = obj.__doc__.splitlines()
... return "\\n".join(["|"+doc[i] for i in args])
>>> print selected_doc(X.__init__, 0, 1, 2)
>>> print selected_doc(X.__init__, 0, 1, 3)
|this is the __init__ function
|its documentation has two lines.
|C++ signature:
>>> print selected_doc(X.value, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5)
>>> print selected_doc(X.value, 0, 2, 4, 5, 7)
|gets the value of the object
|C++ signature:
|
|also gets the value of the object
|C++ signature:
>>> print selected_doc(create, 0, 1)
>>> print selected_doc(create, 0, 2)
|creates a new X object
|C++ signature:
>>> print selected_doc(fact, 0, 1)
>>> print selected_doc(fact, 0, 2)
|compute the factorial
|C++ signature:
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_off_1, 0)
|C++ signature:
>>> len(fact_usr_on_1.__doc__.splitlines())
3
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_1, 0, 1)
4
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_1, 0, 2)
|usr on 1
|C++ signature:
>>> len(fact_usr_off_2.__doc__.splitlines())
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_off_2, 0)
|C++ signature:
>>> len(fact_usr_on_2.__doc__.splitlines())
3
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_2, 0, 1)
4
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_2, 0, 2)
|usr on 2
|C++ signature:
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
>>> print selected_doc(fact_sig_off_1, 0)
|sig off 1
>>> len(fact_sig_on_1.__doc__.splitlines())
3
>>> print selected_doc(fact_sig_on_1, 0, 1)
4
>>> print selected_doc(fact_sig_on_1, 0, 2)
|sig on 1
|C++ signature:
>>> len(fact_sig_off_2.__doc__.splitlines())
@@ -61,16 +61,16 @@
>>> print selected_doc(fact_sig_off_2, 0)
|sig off 2
>>> len(fact_sig_on_2.__doc__.splitlines())
3
>>> print selected_doc(fact_sig_on_2, 0, 1)
4
>>> print selected_doc(fact_sig_on_2, 0, 2)
|sig on 2
|C++ signature:
>>> print fact_usr_off_sig_off_1.__doc__
None
>>> len(fact_usr_on_sig_on_1.__doc__.splitlines())
3
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_sig_on_1, 0, 1)
4
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_sig_on_1, 0, 2)
|usr on sig on 1
|C++ signature:
>>> len(fact_usr_on_sig_off_1.__doc__.splitlines())
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ None
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_sig_off_1, 0)
|usr on sig off 1
>>> len(fact_usr_on_sig_on_2.__doc__.splitlines())
3
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_sig_on_2, 0, 1)
4
>>> print selected_doc(fact_usr_on_sig_on_2, 0, 2)
|usr on sig on 2
|C++ signature:
>>> print fact_usr_off_sig_off_2.__doc__

View File

@@ -48,14 +48,27 @@ enum_ext.color.red
enum_ext.color.green
'''
# pickling of enums only works with Python 2.3 or higher
exercise_pickling = '''
>>> import pickle
>>> p = pickle.dumps(color.green, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
>>> l = pickle.loads(p)
>>> identity(l)
enum_ext.color.green
'''
def run(args = None):
import sys
import doctest
import pickle
if args is not None:
sys.argv = args
return doctest.testmod(sys.modules.get(__name__))
self = sys.modules.get(__name__)
if (hasattr(pickle, "HIGHEST_PROTOCOL")):
self.__doc__ += exercise_pickling
return doctest.testmod(self)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print "running..."
import sys

View File

@@ -4,28 +4,15 @@
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
namespace bpl = boost::python;
void import_test( char** argv )
void import_test()
{
// Retrieve the main module
bpl::object main = bpl::import("__main__");
// Retrieve the main module's namespace
bpl::object global(main.attr("__dict__"));
// Inject search path for import_ module
std::ostringstream script;
script << "import sys, os\n"
<< "path = os.path.dirname('" << argv[1] << "')\n"
<< "sys.path.insert(0, path)\n";
bpl::exec(bpl::str(script.str()), global, global);
// Retrieve the main module
bpl::object import_ = bpl::import("import_");
int value = bpl::extract<int>(import_.attr("value")) BOOST_EXTRACT_WORKAROUND;
@@ -40,7 +27,19 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
// Initialize the interpreter
Py_Initialize();
if (bpl::handle_exception(boost::bind(import_test, argv)))
// Retrieve the main module
bpl::object main = bpl::import("__main__");
// Retrieve the main module's namespace
bpl::object global(main.attr("__dict__"));
// Inject search path for import_ module
std::ostringstream script;
script << "import sys, os.path\n"
<< "path = os.path.dirname('" << argv[1] << "')\n"
<< "sys.path.insert(0, path)\n";
bpl::object result = bpl::exec(bpl::str(script.str()), global, global);
if (bpl::handle_exception(import_test))
{
if (PyErr_Occurred())
{

View File

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(keywords)
, init<optional<int, double, const std::string &> >()
)
.def("set", &Bar::set, bar_set())
.def("set2", &Bar::set, bar_set("set2's docstring"))
.def("seta", &Bar::seta, arg("a"))
.def("a", &Bar::geta)

View File

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@
>>> f.set(1,1.0,"1")
>>> f.a(), f.b(), f.n()
(1, 1.0, '1')
>>> f.set2.__doc__.splitlines()[-4]
"set2's docstring"
'''

View File

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
#include <boost/python/list.hpp>
#include <boost/python/make_function.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#define BOOST_ENABLE_ASSERT_HANDLER
#include <boost/assert.hpp>
#include "test_class.hpp"
@@ -143,3 +144,4 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(list_ext)
;
}
#include "module_tail.cpp"

View File

@@ -26,6 +26,62 @@ std::string x_value(X const& x)
return "gotya " + x.s;
}
struct A
{
int value;
A() : value(0){};
A(int v) : value(v) {};
};
bool operator==(const A& v1, const A& v2)
{
return (v1.value == v2.value);
}
struct B
{
A a;
};
// Converter from A to python int
struct AToPython
{
static PyObject* convert(const A& s)
{
return boost::python::incref(boost::python::object((int)s.value).ptr());
}
};
// Conversion from python int to A
struct AFromPython
{
AFromPython()
{
boost::python::converter::registry::push_back(
&convertible,
&construct,
boost::python::type_id< A >());
}
static void* convertible(PyObject* obj_ptr)
{
if (!PyInt_Check(obj_ptr)) return 0;
return obj_ptr;
}
static void construct(
PyObject* obj_ptr,
boost::python::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data* data)
{
void* storage = (
(boost::python::converter::rvalue_from_python_storage< A >*)
data)-> storage.bytes;
new (storage) A((int)PyInt_AsLong(obj_ptr));
data->convertible = storage;
}
};
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(map_indexing_suite_ext)
{
class_<X>("X")
@@ -58,6 +114,18 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(map_indexing_suite_ext)
class_<std::map<std::string, boost::shared_ptr<X> > >("TestMap")
.def(map_indexing_suite<std::map<std::string, boost::shared_ptr<X> >, true>())
;
to_python_converter< A , AToPython >();
AFromPython();
class_< std::map<int, A> >("AMap")
.def(map_indexing_suite<std::map<int, A>, true >())
;
class_< B >("B")
.add_property("a", make_getter(&B::a, return_value_policy<return_by_value>()),
make_setter(&B::a, return_value_policy<return_by_value>()))
;
}
#include "module_tail.cpp"

View File

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
>>> assert "map_indexing_suite_IntMap_entry" in dir()
>>> assert "map_indexing_suite_TestMap_entry" in dir()
>>> assert "map_indexing_suite_XMap_entry" in dir()
>>> assert "map_indexing_suite_AMap_entry" in dir()
>>> x = X('hi')
>>> x
hi
@@ -201,6 +202,18 @@ kiwi
... dom = el.data()
joel kimpo
#####################################################################
# Test custom converter...
#####################################################################
>>> am = AMap()
>>> am[3] = 4
>>> am[3]
4
>>> for i in am:
... i.data()
4
#####################################################################
# END....
#####################################################################

View File

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ extern "C" void (*old_translator)(unsigned, EXCEPTION_POINTERS*)
#include <boost/python/str.hpp>
struct test_failure : std::exception
{
test_failure(char const* expr, char const* function, char const* file, unsigned line)
test_failure(char const* expr, char const* /*function*/, char const* file, unsigned line)
: msg(file + boost::python::str(":%s:") % line + ": Boost.Python assertion failure: " + expr)
{}

View File

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ namespace {
}
};
// To support test of "pickling not enabled" error message.
struct noop {};
}
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(pickle1_ext)
@@ -54,4 +56,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(pickle1_ext)
.def("greet", &world::greet)
.def_pickle(world_pickle_suite())
;
// To support test of "pickling not enabled" error message.
class_<noop>("noop");
}

View File

@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ r'''>>> import pickle1_ext
Hello from California!
>>> print wl.greet()
Hello from California!
>>> noop = pickle1_ext.noop()
>>> try: pickle.dumps(noop)
... except RuntimeError, e: print str(e)[:55]
Pickling of "pickle1_ext.noop" instances is not enabled
'''
def run(args = None):

View File

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
#include <boost/python/type_id.hpp>
#include <iostream>
// gcc 2.95.x, MIPSpro 7.3.1.3 and IBM XL for Linux linker seem to demand this definition
#if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 3)) \
|| (defined(__sgi) && defined(__EDG_VERSION__) && (__EDG_VERSION__ == 238)) \
|| (defined(__IBMCPP__) && defined(__linux__))
// gcc 2.95.x and MIPSpro 7.3.1.3 linker seem to demand this definition
#if ((defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 3)) \
|| (defined(__sgi) && defined(__EDG_VERSION__) && (__EDG_VERSION__ == 238))
namespace boost { namespace python {
BOOST_PYTHON_DECL bool handle_exception_impl(function0<void>)
{

View File

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
#include <boost/python/call_method.hpp>
#include <boost/ref.hpp>
#include <boost/utility.hpp>
#define BOOST_ENABLE_ASSERT_HANDLER
#include <boost/assert.hpp>
using namespace boost::python;

View File

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ char const* rewrap_value_mutable_cstring(char* x) { return x; }
object identity_(object x) { return x; }
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(builtin_converters_ext)
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(builtin_converters)
{
def("get_type", get_type);
def("return_null_handle", return_null_handle);

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
r"""
>>> from builtin_converters_ext import *
>>> from builtin_converters import *
# Synthesize idendity functions in case long long not supported
>>> if not 'rewrap_value_long_long' in dir():
@@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ Check that classic classes also work
def run(args = None):
import sys
import doctest
import builtin_converters_ext
import builtin_converters
if 'rewrap_value_long_long' in dir(builtin_converters_ext):
if 'rewrap_value_long_long' in dir(builtin_converters):
print 'LONG_LONG supported, testing...'
else:
print 'LONG_LONG not supported, skipping those tests...'

View File

@@ -53,5 +53,10 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(vector_indexing_suite_ext)
class_<std::vector<bool> >("BoolVec")
.def(vector_indexing_suite<std::vector<bool> >())
;
// vector of strings
class_<std::vector<std::string> >("StringVec")
.def(vector_indexing_suite<std::vector<std::string> >())
;
}

View File

@@ -321,6 +321,14 @@ e
>>> print_xvec(v)
[ a b c d e f g h i j ]
#####################################################################
# vector of strings
#####################################################################
>>> sv = StringVec()
>>> sv.append('a')
>>> print sv[0]
a
#####################################################################
# END....
#####################################################################