2
0
mirror of https://github.com/boostorg/python.git synced 2026-01-19 16:32:16 +00:00

New implementation, tests, and documentation for a PySliceObject

objectmanager.


[SVN r22192]
This commit is contained in:
Jonathan Brandmeyer
2004-02-07 21:38:24 +00:00
parent 53268000e7
commit 8452e275d0
11 changed files with 686 additions and 9 deletions

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@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ if [ check-python-config ]
dict.cpp
tuple.cpp
str.cpp
slice.cpp
aix_init_module.cpp
converter/from_python.cpp

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@@ -208,16 +208,19 @@
<p><a name="slice_nil-spec"></a></p>
<pre>
enum slice_nil { _ };
class slice_nil;
static const _ = slice_nil();
</pre>
A type that can be used to get the effect of leaving out an index in a
Python slice expression:
<pre>
&gt;&gt;&gt; x[:-1]
&gt;&gt;&gt; x[::-1]
</pre>
C++ equivalent:
<pre>
x.slice(_,-1)
x[slice(_,_,-1)]
</pre>
<h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>

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@@ -357,6 +357,19 @@
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><a href="slice.html">slice.hpp</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl class="index">
<dt><a href="slice.html#classes">Classes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl class="index">
<dt><a href="slice.html#slice-spec">slice</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<h2><a name="invocation">Function Invocation and Creation</a></h2>

241
doc/v2/slice.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta name="generator"
content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st August 2002), see www.w3.org">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../boost.css">
<title>Boost.Python - &lt;boost/python/slice.hpp&gt;</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
summary="header">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="300">
<h3><a href="../../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277"
alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<h1 align="center"><a href="../index.html">Boost.Python</a></h1>
<h2 align="center">Header &lt;boost/python/slice.hpp&gt;</h2>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#classes">Classes</a></dt>
<dd>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#slice-spec">Class <code>slice</code></a></dt>
<dd>
<dl class="page-index">
<dt><a href="#slice-spec-synopsis">Class <code>slice</code>
synopsis</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#slice-spec-ctors">Class <code>slice</code>
constructors</a></dt>
<dt><a href="#slice-spec-observers">Class <code>slice</code>
observer functions</a></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><a href="#examples">Example(s)</a></dt>
</dl>
<hr>
<h2><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
<p>Exposes a <a href="ObjectWrapper.html#TypeWrapper-concept">TypeWrapper</a>
for the Python <a
href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.3.3/api/slice-objects.html">slice</a>
type.</p>
<h2><a name="classes"></a>Classes</h2>
<h3><a name="class-spec"></a>Class <code>slice</code></h3>
<p>Exposes the extended slicing protocol by wrapping the built-in slice
type. The semantics of the constructors and member functions defined
below can be fully understood by reading the <a
href="ObjectWrapper.html#TypeWrapper-concept">TypeWrapper</a> concept
definition. Since <code>slice</code> is publicly derived from <code><a
href="object.html#object-spec">object</a></code>, the public object
interface applies to <code>slice</code> instances as well.<br>
</p>
<h4><a name="slice-spec-synopsis"></a>Class <code>slice</code> synopsis</h4>
<pre>
namespace boost { namespace python
{
class slice : public object
{
public:
slice(); // create an empty slice, equivalent to [::]
template &lt;typename Int1, typename Int2&gt;
slice(Int1 start, Int2 stop);
template &lt;typename Int1, typename Int2, typename Int3&gt;
slice(Int1 start, Int2 stop, Int3 step);
// Access the parameters this slice was created with.
object start();
object stop();
object step();
// The return type of slice::get_indicies()
template &lt;typename RandomAccessIterator&gt;
struct range
{
RandomAccessIterator start;
RandomAccessIterator stop;
int step;
};
template &lt;typename RandomAccessIterator&gt;
range&lt;RandomAccessIterator&gt;
get_indicies(
RandomAccessIterator const&amp; begin,
RandomAccessIterator const&amp; end);
};
}}
</pre>
<h4><a name="slice-spec-ctors"></a>Class <code>slice</code>
constructors<br>
</h4>
<pre>slice();<br></pre>
<dl class="function-semantics">
<dt><b>Effects:</b> constructs a <code>slice</code> with default stop, start, and
step values.&nbsp; Equivalent to the slice object created by the Python
expression <code>base[::].</code></dt>
<dt><b>Throws:</b> nothing.</dt>
</dl>
<pre>
template &lt;typename Int1, typename Int2&gt;
slice(Int1 start, Int2 stop);
</pre>
<dl class="function-semantics">
<dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>start</code>, <code>stop</code>, and <code>step</code>
are of type <code>slice_nil</code> or convertible to type <code>object</code>.</dt>
<dt><b>Effects:</b> constructs a new slice with default step value
and the provided start and stop values.&nbsp; Equivalent to the slice
object
created by the built-in Python function <code><a
href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/built-in-funcs.html#12h-62">slice(start,stop)</a></code>,
or the Python expression <code>base[start:stop]</code>.</dt>
<dt><b>Throws:</b> <code>error_already_set</code> and sets a Python <code>TypeError</code>
exception if no conversion is possible from the arguments to type <code>object</code>.</dt>
</dl>
<pre>
template &lt;typename Int1, typename Int2, typename Int3&gt;
slice(Int1 start, Int2 stop, Int3 step);
</pre>
<dt><b>Requires:</b> <code>start</code>, <code>stop</code>, and <code>step</code> are integers, <code>slice_nil</code>, or convertible to type <code>object</code>.</dt>
<dt><b>Effects:</b> constructs a new slice with start stop and step
values.&nbsp; Equivalent to the slice object created
by the built-in Python function <code><a
href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/built-in-functions.html#12h-62">slice(start,stop,step)</a></code>,
or the Python expression <code>base[start:stop:step]</code>.</dt>
<dt><b>Throws:</b> <code>error_already_set</code> and sets a Python <code>TypeError</code>
exception if no conversion is possible from the arguments to type
object.</dt>
<h4><a name="slice-spec-observers"></a>Class <code>slice</code>
observer functions<br>
</h4>
<pre>
object slice::start();
object slice::stop();
object slice::step();
</pre>
<dl class="function-semantics">
<dt><b>Effects:</b> None.</dt>
<dt><b>Throws:</b> nothing.</dt>
<dt><b>Returns:</b>the parameter that
the slice was created with.&nbsp;If the parameter was omitted or
slice_nil was used when the slice was created, than that parameter will
be a reference to PyNone and compare equal to a default-constructed
object.&nbsp;In principal, any object may be used when creating a
slice object, but in practice they are usually integers.</dt>
</dl>
<br>
<pre>
template &lt;typename RandomAccessIterator&gt;
slice::range&lt;RandomAccessIterator&gt;
slice::get_indicies(
RandomAccessIterator const&amp; begin, RandomAccessIterator const&amp; end);
</pre>
<dl class="function-semantics">
<dt><b>Arguments:</b> A pair of STL-conforming Random Access
Iterators that form a half-open range.</dt>
<dt><b>Effects:</b> Create a RandomAccessIterator pair that defines a
fully-closed range within the [begin,end) range of its arguments.&nbsp;
This function translates this slice's indicies while accounting for the
effects of any PyNone or negative indicies, and non-singular step sizes.</dt>
<dt><b>Returns:</b> a slice::range
that has been initialized with a non-zero value of step and a pair of
RandomAccessIterators that point within the range of this functions
arguments and define a closed interval.</dt>
<dt><b>Throws:</b> <a href="definitions.html#raise">Raises</a> a Python <code>TypeError</code> exception if any of this slice's arguments
are neither references to <code>PyNone</code> nor convertible to <code>int</code>.&nbsp; Throws
<code>std::invalid_argument</code> if the resulting range would be empty.&nbsp; You
should always wrap calls to <code>slice::get_indicies()</code>
within <code>try { ...; } catch (std::invalid_argument) {}</code> to
handle this case and take appropriate action.</dt>
<dt><b>Rationale</b>: closed-interval: If
an open interval were used, then for step
size other than 1, the required state for the end iterator would point
beyond the one-past-the-end position or before the beginning of the
specified range.<br>
exceptions on empty slice: It is impossible to define a closed interval
over an empty range, so some other form of error checking would have to
be used to prevent undefined behavior.&nbsp;In the case where the
exception is not caught, it will simply be translated to Python by the
default exception handling mechanisms. </dt>
</dl>
<h2><a name="examples"></a><b>Examples</b></h2>
<pre>
using namespace boost::python;
// Perform an extended slice of a Python list.
// Warning: extended slicing was not supported for built-in types prior
// to Python 2.3
list odd_elements(list l)
{
return l[slice(_,_,2)];
}
// Perform a multidimensional rich slice of a Numeric.array
numeric::array even_columns(numeric::array arr)
{
// select every other column, starting with the second, of a 2-D array.
// Equivalent to "return arr[:, 1::2]" in Python.
return arr[make_tuple( slice(), slice(1,_,2))];
}
// Perform a summation over a slice of a std::vector.
double partial_sum(std::vector&lt;double&gt; const&amp; Foo, slice index)
{
slice::range&lt;std::vector&lt;double&gt;::const_iterator&gt; bounds;
try {
bounds = index.get_indicies&lt;&gt;(Foo.begin(), Foo.end());
}
catch (std::invalid_argument) {
return 0.0;
}
double sum = 0.0;
while (bounds.start != bounds.end) {
sum += *bounds.start;
std::advance( bounds.start, bounds.step);
}
sum += *bounds.start;
return sum;
}
</pre>
<p>Revised 07 Febuary, 2004</p>
<p><i>&copy; Copyright <a
href="mailto:jbrandmeyer@users.sourceforge.net">Jonathan Brandmeyer</a>,
2004.&nbsp; Modification, copying and redistribution of this document
is permitted under the terms and conditions of the Boost Software
License, version 1.0.<br>
</i></p>
</body>
</html>

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@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
# include <boost/python/call.hpp>
# include <boost/python/handle_fwd.hpp>
# include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
# include <boost/python/slice_nil.hpp>
# include <boost/python/refcount.hpp>
# include <boost/python/detail/preprocessor.hpp>
# include <boost/python/tag.hpp>
@@ -63,6 +62,7 @@ namespace api
struct item_policies;
struct const_slice_policies;
struct slice_policies;
class slice_nil;
typedef proxy<const_attribute_policies> const_object_attribute;
typedef proxy<attribute_policies> object_attribute;
@@ -471,4 +471,6 @@ inline PyObject* get_managed_object(object const& x, tag_t)
}} // namespace boost::python
# include <boost/python/slice_nil.hpp>
#endif // OBJECT_CORE_DWA2002615_HPP

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@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
#ifndef BOOST_PYTHON_SLICE_JDB20040105_HPP
#define BOOST_PYTHON_SLICE_JDB20040105_HPP
// Copyright (c) 2004 Jonathan Brandmeyer
// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
#include <boost/python/object.hpp>
#include <boost/python/converter/pytype_object_mgr_traits.hpp>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
namespace boost { namespace python {
class slice : public object
{
public:
// Equivalent to slice(::)
slice();
// Each argument must be int, slice_nil, or implicitly convertable to int
template<typename Integer1, typename Integer2>
slice( Integer1 start, Integer2 stop)
: object( boost::python::detail::new_reference(
PySlice_New( object(start).ptr(), object(stop).ptr(), NULL)))
{}
template<typename Integer1, typename Integer2, typename Integer3>
slice( Integer1 start, Integer2 stop, Integer3 stride)
: object( boost::python::detail::new_reference(
PySlice_New( object(start).ptr(), object(stop).ptr(),
object(stride).ptr())))
{}
// Get the Python objects associated with the slice. In principle, these
// may be any arbitrary Python type, but in practice they are usually
// integers. If one or more parameter is ommited in the Python expression
// that created this slice, than that parameter is None here, and compares
// equal to a default-constructed boost::python::object.
// If a user-defined type wishes to support slicing, then support for the
// special meaning associated with negative indicies is up to the user.
object start();
object stop();
object step();
// The following algorithm is intended to automate the process of
// determining a slice range when you want to fully support negative
// indicies and non-singular step sizes. Its functionallity is simmilar to
// PySlice_GetIndicesEx() in the Python/C API, but tailored for C++ users.
// This template returns a slice::range struct that, when used in the
// following iterative loop, will traverse a slice of the function's
// arguments.
// while (start != end) {
// do_foo(...);
// std::advance( start, step);
// }
// do_foo(...); // repeat exactly once more.
// Arguments: a [begin, end) pair of STL-conforming random-access iterators.
// Return: slice::range, where start and stop define a _closed_ interval
// that covers at most [begin, end-1] of the provided arguments, and a step
// that is non-zero.
// Throws: error_already_set() if any of the indices are neither None nor
// integers, or the slice has a step value of zero.
// std::invalid_argument if the resulting range would be empty. Normally,
// you should catch this exception and return an empty sequence of the
// appropriate type.
// Performance: constant time for random-access iterators.
// Rationale:
// closed-interval: If an open interval were used, then for a non-singular
// value for step, the required state for the end iterator could be
// beyond the one-past-the-end postion of the specified range. While
// probably harmless, the behavior of STL-conforming iterators is
// undefined in this case.
// exceptions on zero-length range: It is impossible to define a closed
// interval over an empty range, so some other form of error checking
// would have to be used by the user to prevent undefined behavior. In
// the case where the user fails to catch the exception, it will simply
// be translated to Python by the default exception handling mechanisms.
#ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
template<typename RandomAccessIterator>
struct range
{
RandomAccessIterator start;
RandomAccessIterator stop;
int step;
};
template<typename RandomAccessIterator>
range<RandomAccessIterator>
get_indicies( const RandomAccessIterator& begin,
const RandomAccessIterator& end)
{
// This is based loosely on PySlice_GetIndicesEx(), but it has been
// carefully crafted to ensure that these iterators never fall out of
// the range of the container.
slice::range<RandomAccessIterator> ret;
typename RandomAccessIterator::difference_type max_dist =
std::distance( begin, end);
object slice_start = this->start();
object slice_stop = this->stop();
object slice_step = this->step();
// Extract the step.
if (slice_step == object()) {
ret.step = 1;
}
else {
ret.step = extract<int>( slice_step);
if (ret.step == 0) {
PyErr_SetString( PyExc_IndexError, "step size cannot be zero.");
throw_error_already_set();
}
}
// Setup the start iterator.
if (slice_start == object()) {
if (ret.step < 0) {
ret.start = end;
--ret.start;
}
else
ret.start = begin;
}
else {
int i = extract<int>( slice_start);
if (i >= max_dist && ret.step > 0)
throw std::invalid_argument( "Zero-length slice");
if (i >= 0) {
ret.start = begin;
std::advance( ret.start, std::min(i, max_dist-1));
}
else {
if (i < -max_dist && ret.step < 0)
throw std::invalid_argument( "Zero-length slice");
ret.start = end;
// Advance start (towards begin) not farther than begin.
std::advance( ret.start, (-i < max_dist) ? i : -max_dist );
}
}
// Set up the stop iterator. This one is a little trickier since slices
// define a [) range, and we are returning a [] range.
if (slice_stop == object()) {
if (ret.step < 0) {
ret.stop = begin;
}
else {
ret.stop = end;
std::advance( ret.stop, -1);
}
}
else {
int i = extract<int>( slice_stop);
// First, branch on which direction we are going with this.
if (ret.step < 0) {
if (i+1 >= max_dist || i == -1)
throw std::invalid_argument( "Zero-length slice");
if (i >= 0) {
ret.stop = begin;
std::advance( ret.stop, i+1);
}
else { // i is negative, but more negative than -1.
ret.stop = end;
std::advance( ret.stop, (-i < max_dist) ? i : -max_dist);
}
}
else { // stepping forward
if (i == 0 || -i >= max_dist)
throw std::invalid_argument( "Zero-length slice");
if (i > 0) {
ret.stop = begin;
std::advance( ret.stop, std::min( i-1, max_dist-1));
}
else { // i is negative, but not more negative than -max_dist
ret.stop = end;
std::advance( ret.stop, i-1);
}
}
}
// Now the fun part, handling the possibilites surrounding step.
// At this point, step has been initialized, ret.stop, and ret.step
// represent the widest possible range that could be traveled
// (inclusive), and final_dist is the maximum distance covered by the
// slice.
typename RandomAccessIterator::difference_type final_dist =
std::distance( ret.start, ret.stop);
// First case, if both ret.start and ret.stop are equal, then step
// is irrelevant and we can return here.
if (final_dist == 0)
return ret;
// Second, if there is a sign mismatch, than the resulting range and
// step size conflict: std::advance( ret.start, ret.step) goes away from
// ret.stop.
if ((final_dist > 0) != (ret.step > 0))
throw std::invalid_argument( "Zero-length slice.");
// Finally, if the last step puts us past the end, we move ret.stop
// towards ret.start in the amount of the remainder.
// I don't remember all of the oolies surrounding negative modulii,
// so I am handling each of these cases separately.
if (final_dist < 0) {
int remainder = -final_dist % -ret.step;
std::advance( ret.stop, remainder);
}
else {
int remainder = final_dist % ret.step;
std::advance( ret.stop, -remainder);
}
return ret;
}
#endif // !defined BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
public:
// This declaration, in conjunction with the specialization of
// object_manager_traits<> below, allows C++ functions accepting slice
// arguments to be called from from Python. These constructors should never
// be used in client code.
BOOST_PYTHON_FORWARD_OBJECT_CONSTRUCTORS(slice, object)
};
namespace converter {
template<>
struct object_manager_traits<slice>
: pytype_object_manager_traits<&PySlice_Type, slice>
{
};
} // !namesapce converter
} } // !namespace ::boost::python
#endif // !defined BOOST_PYTHON_SLICE_JDB20040105_HPP

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@@ -7,18 +7,20 @@
# define SLICE_NIL_DWA2002620_HPP
# include <boost/python/detail/prefix.hpp>
# include <boost/python/object_core.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace python { namespace api {
class object;
enum slice_nil
class slice_nil : public object
{
# ifndef _ // Watch out for GNU gettext users, who #define _(x)
_
# endif
public:
slice_nil() : object() {}
};
# ifndef _ // Watch out for GNU gettext users, who #define _(x)
static const slice_nil _ = slice_nil();
# endif
template <class T>
struct slice_bound
{

38
src/slice.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
#include "boost/python/slice.hpp"
// Copyright (c) 2004 Jonathan Brandmeyer
// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
namespace boost { namespace python {
slice::slice()
: object( boost::python::detail::new_reference(
PySlice_New( NULL, NULL, NULL)))
{
}
object
slice::start()
{
return object( detail::borrowed_reference(
((PySliceObject*)this->ptr())->start));
}
object
slice::stop()
{
return object( detail::borrowed_reference(
((PySliceObject*)this->ptr())->stop));
}
object
slice::step()
{
return object( detail::borrowed_reference(
((PySliceObject*)this->ptr())->step));
}
} } // !namespace boost::python

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@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ bpl-test crossmod_exception
[ bpl-test dict ]
[ bpl-test tuple ]
[ bpl-test str ]
[ bpl-test slice ]
[ bpl-test virtual_functions ]
[ bpl-test back_reference ]
@@ -194,4 +195,4 @@ bpl-test crossmod_exception
[ compile-fail ./as_to_python_function.cpp <template>py-unit-test ]
[ compile-fail ./object_fail1.cpp <template>py-unit-test ]
;
}
}

83
test/slice.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/python/slice.hpp>
using namespace boost::python;
// These checks are only valid under Python 2.3
// (rich slicing wasn't supported for builtins under Python 2.2)
bool check_string_rich_slice()
{
object s("hello, world");
// default slice
if (s[slice()] != "hello, world")
return false;
// simple reverse
if (s[slice(_,_,-1)] != "dlrow ,olleh")
return false;
// reverse with mixed-sign offsets
if (s[slice(-6,1,-1)] != " ,oll")
return false;
// all of the object.cpp check_string_slice() checks should work
// with the form that omits the step argument.
if (s[slice(_,-3)] != "hello, wo")
return false;
if (s[slice(-3,_)] != "rld")
return false;
if (", " != s[slice(5,7)])
return false;
return s[slice(2,-1)][slice(1,-1)] == "lo, wor";
}
// These tests work with Python 2.2, but you must have Numeric installed.
bool check_numeric_array_rich_slice()
{
using numeric::array;
object original = array( make_tuple( make_tuple( 11, 12, 13, 14),
make_tuple( 21, 22, 23, 24),
make_tuple( 31, 32, 33, 34),
make_tuple( 41, 42, 43, 44)));
object upper_left_quadrant = array( make_tuple( make_tuple( 11, 12),
make_tuple( 21, 22)));
object odd_cells = array( make_tuple( make_tuple( 11, 13),
make_tuple( 31, 33)));
object even_cells = array( make_tuple( make_tuple( 22, 24),
make_tuple( 42, 44)));
object lower_right_quadrant_reversed = array(
make_tuple( make_tuple(44, 43),
make_tuple(34, 33)));
// The following comments represent equivalent Python expressions used
// to validate the array behavior.
// original[::] == original
if (original[slice()] != original)
return false;
// original[:2,:2] == array( [[11, 12], [21, 22]])
if (original[make_tuple(slice(_,2), slice(_,2))] != upper_left_quadrant)
return false;
// original[::2,::2] == array( [[11, 13], [31, 33]])
if (original[make_tuple( slice(_,_,2), slice(_,_,2))] != odd_cells)
return false;
// original[1::2, 1::2] == array( [[22, 24], [42, 44]])
if (original[make_tuple( slice(1,_,2), slice(1,_,2))] != even_cells)
return false;
// original[:-3:-1, :-3,-1] == array( [[44, 43], [34, 33]])
if (original[make_tuple( slice(_,-3,-1), slice(_,-3,-1))] != lower_right_quadrant_reversed)
return false;
return true;
}
// Verify functions accepting a slice argument can be called
bool accept_slice( slice) { return true; }
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(slice_ext)
{
def( "accept_slice", accept_slice);
def( "check_numeric_array_rich_slice", check_numeric_array_rich_slice);
def( "check_string_rich_slice", check_string_rich_slice);
}

42
test/slice.py Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
"""
>>> from slice_ext import *
>>> accept_slice(slice(1, None, (1,2)))
1
>>> try:
... accept_slice(list((1,2)))
... print "test failed"
... except:
... print "test passed"
...
test passed
>>> check_numeric_array_rich_slice()
1
>>> import sys
>>> if sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] >= 3:
... check_string_rich_slice()
... elif sys.version_info[0] > 2:
... check_string_rich_slice()
... else:
... print 1
...
1
"""
# Performs an affirmative and negative argument resolution check,
# checks the operation of extended slicing in Numeric.array's
# checks the operation of extended slicing in new strings (Python 2.3 only).
def run(args = None):
import sys
import doctest
if args is not None:
sys.argv = args
return doctest.testmod(sys.modules.get(__name__))
if __name__ == '__main__':
print "running..."
import sys
status = run()[0]
if (status == 0): print "Done."
sys.exit(status)