Merge branch 'develop'

Fixes #35.

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fixes:
+  - home/travis/build/*/boost-root/boost/::include/boost/
+  - home/travis/build/*/boost-root/libs/*/src/::src/

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Peter Dimov
+# Copyright 2017, 2018 James E. King III
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#
+# Generic Travis CI build script for boostorg repositories
+#
+# Instructions for customizing this script for your library:
+# 
+# 1. Copy the ci/ directory from the same source into your project:
+#    ci/build.sh runs the build
+#    ci/codecov.sh is used to run a profiling build and upload results to codecov.io
+#    ci/coverity.sh is used to run a coverity build and upload results coverity scan
+# 2. Customize the compilers and language levels you want.  Default is C++03.
+# 3. Update the global B2 environment settings to your liking.
+# 4. If you have more than include/, src/, and test/ directories then
+#    add them to the depinst.py line as "--include tools" for tools/ (you
+#    can put multiple --include on the command line).
+# 5. If you want to enable Coverity Scan, you need to provide the environment
+#    variables COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN and COVERITY_SCAN_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL in
+#    your github settings.
+# 6. Enable pull request builds in your boostorg/<library> account.
+# 7. Change the default C++ version in ci/*.sh (search for CXXSTD)
+#
+# That's it - the scripts will do everything else for you.
+
+sudo: false
+dist: trusty
+language: cpp
+
+env:
+  global:
+  # see: http://www.boost.org/build/doc/html/bbv2/overview/invocation.html#bbv2.overview.invocation.properties
+  # to use the default for a given environment, comment it out; recommend you build debug and release however..
+  # - B2_ADDRESS_MODEL=address-model=64,32
+  # - B2_LINK=link=shared,static
+  # - B2_THREADING=threading=multi,single
+    - B2_VARIANT=variant=release,debug
+
+install:
+  - export SELF=`basename $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR`
+  - cd ..
+  - git clone -b $TRAVIS_BRANCH --depth 1 https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git boost-root
+  - cd boost-root
+  - git submodule update -q --init tools/boostdep
+  - git submodule update -q --init tools/build
+  - git submodule update -q --init tools/inspect
+  - cp -r $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/* libs/$SELF
+  - export BOOST_ROOT="`pwd`"
+  - export PATH="`pwd`":$PATH 
+  - python tools/boostdep/depinst/depinst.py $SELF --include example
+  - ./bootstrap.sh
+  - ./b2 headers
+
+addons:
+  apt:
+    packages:
+      - binutils-gold
+      - gdb
+      - libc6-dbg
+        
+branches:
+  only:
+    - develop
+    - master
+    
+script:
+  - cd libs/$SELF
+  - ci/build.sh
+
+jobs:
+  include:
+    - os: linux
+      env: 
+        - COMMENT="C++03"
+        - TOOLSET=gcc,gcc-7
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - g++-7
+          sources:
+            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    - os: linux
+      env: 
+        - COMMENT="C++11"
+        - TOOLSET=clang
+        - CXXSTD=11
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - g++-7
+          sources:
+            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    - os: linux
+      env: 
+        - COMMENT=valgrind
+        - TOOLSET=clang 
+        - B2_VARIANT=variant=debug
+        - TESTFLAGS=testing.launcher=valgrind
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - clang-5.0
+            - libstdc++-7-dev
+            - valgrind
+          sources:
+            - llvm-toolchain-trusty-5.0
+            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+
+    - os: linux
+      env:
+        - COMMENT=cppcheck
+      script:
+        - libs/$SELF/ci/cppcheck.sh
+
+    - os: linux
+      env:
+        - COMMENT=UBSAN
+        - B2_VARIANT=variant=debug
+        - TOOLSET=gcc-7
+        - CXXFLAGS="cxxflags=-fno-omit-frame-pointer cxxflags=-fsanitize=undefined cxxflags=-fno-sanitize-recover=undefined"
+        - LINKFLAGS="linkflags=-fsanitize=undefined linkflags=-fno-sanitize-recover=undefined"
+        - UBSAN_OPTIONS=print_stacktrace=1
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - g++-7
+          sources:
+            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+
+    - os: linux
+      env: 
+        - COMMENT=CodeCov
+        - TOOLSET=gcc-7
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - gcc-7
+            - g++-7
+          sources:
+            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+      script:
+        - pushd /tmp && git clone https://github.com/linux-test-project/lcov.git && cd lcov && sudo make install && which lcov && lcov --version && popd
+        - cd libs/$SELF
+        - ci/codecov.sh
+
+    #################### Jobs to run on every pull request ####################
+  # osx was disabled because it is very slow to start (can delay builds by 30 minutes)
+  # - os: osx
+  #   osx_image: xcode9
+  #   env:
+  #     - TOOLSET=clang
+  #     - CXXSTD=03,11
+
+    #################### Jobs to run on pushes to master, develop ###################
+ 
+    # Coverity Scan
+    - os: linux
+      if: (branch IN (develop, master)) AND (type IN (cron, push))
+      env:
+        - COMMENT="Coverity Scan"
+        - TOOLSET=gcc
+      script:
+        - echo -n | openssl s_client -connect scan.coverity.com:443 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' | sudo tee -a /etc/ssl/certs/ca-
+        - cd libs/$SELF
+        - ci/coverity.sh
+
+notifications:
+  email:
+    false
+

Jamfile

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#  Boost.ProgramOptions Library Jamfile
+#
+#  Copyright (c) 2018 James E. King III
+#
+#  Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the
+#  Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+#  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+# please order by name to ease maintenance
+build-project example ;
+build-project test ;

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Program Options, part of the collection of [Boost C++ Libraries](http://github.com/boostorg), allows for definition and acquisition of (name, value) pairs from the user via conventional methods such as command line and config file.  It is roughly analogous to getopt_long, but for use with C++.
+
+### License
+
+Distributed under the [Boost Software License, Version 1.0](http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
+
+### Properties
+
+* C++03
+* Requires Linking
+
+### Build Status
+(in progress...)
+
+|Branch          | Travis | Appveyor | Coverity Scan | codecov.io | Deps | Docs | Tests |
+|:-------------: | ------ | -------- | ------------- | ---------- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
+|[`master`](https://github.com/boostorg/program_options/tree/master) | [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/boostorg/program_options.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/boostorg/program_options) | [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/upf5c528fy09fudk?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/jeking3/date-time-1evbf) | [![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/14908/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/boostorg-program_options) | [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/boostorg/program_options/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/boostorg/program_options/branch/master) | [![Deps](https://img.shields.io/badge/deps-master-brightgreen.svg)](https://pdimov.github.io/boostdep-report/master/program_options.html) | [![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-master-brightgreen.svg)](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/master/doc/html/program_options.html) | [![Enter the Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/matrix-master-brightgreen.svg)](http://www.boost.org/development/tests/master/developer/program_options.html) 
+|[`develop`](https://github.com/boostorg/program_options/tree/develop) | [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/boostorg/program_options.svg?branch=develop)](https://travis-ci.org/boostorg/program_options) | [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/e0quisadwh1v7ok5/branch/develop?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/vprus/program-options/branch/develop) | [![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/14908/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/boostorg-program_options) | [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/boostorg/program_options/branch/develop/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/boostorg/program_options/branch/develop) | [![Deps](https://img.shields.io/badge/deps-develop-brightgreen.svg)](https://pdimov.github.io/boostdep-report/develop/program_options.html) | [![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-develop-brightgreen.svg)](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/develop/doc/html/program_options.html) | [![Enter the Matrix](https://img.shields.io/badge/matrix-develop-brightgreen.svg)](http://www.boost.org/development/tests/develop/developer/program_options.html)
+ 
+### Directories
+
+| Name      | Purpose                        |
+| --------- | ------------------------------ |
+| `build`   | build script for link library  |
+| `ci`      | continuous integration scripts |
+| `doc`     | documentation                  |
+| `example` | use case examples              |
+| `include` | headers                        |
+| `src`     | source code for link library   |
+| `test`    | unit tests                     |
+
+### More information
+
+* [Ask questions](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=c%2B%2B,boost,boost-program_options): Be sure to read the documentation first to see if it answers your question.
+* [Report bugs](https://github.com/boostorg/program_options/issues): Be sure to mention Boost version, platform and compiler you're using. A small compilable code sample to reproduce the problem is always good as well.
+* [Submit Pull Requests](https://github.com/boostorg/program_options/pulls) against the **develop** branch. Note that by submitting patches you agree to license your modifications under the [Boost Software License, Version 1.0](http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).  Be sure to include tests proving your changes work properly.
+* Discussions about the library are held on the [Boost developers mailing list](http://www.boost.org/community/groups.html#main). Be sure to read the [discussion policy](http://www.boost.org/community/policy.html) before posting and add the `[date_time]` tag at the beginning of the subject line.

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Copyright 2016, 2017 Peter Dimov
+# Copyright (C) 2017, 2018 James E. King III
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+# When copying this to a new library, be sure to update the name of the library
+# in two places (once each at the top of install: and test_script:)
+
+version: 1.0.{build}-{branch}
+
+shallow_clone: true
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - develop
+    - master
+
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+    - MAYFAIL: true
+
+environment:
+  global:
+    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+    # see: http://www.boost.org/build/doc/html/bbv2/overview/invocation.html#bbv2.overview.invocation.properties
+    # to use the default for a given environment, comment it out; recommend you build debug and release however..
+    # on Windows it is important to exercise all the possibilities, especially shared vs static
+    # B2_ADDRESS_MODEL: address-model=64,32
+    # B2_LINK: link=shared,static
+    # B2_THREADING: threading=multi,single
+    B2_VARIANT: variant=release,debug
+    CXXSTD: 03
+
+  matrix:
+    - FLAVOR: Visual Studio 2017
+      TOOLSET: msvc-14.1
+      B2_ADDRESS_MODEL: address-model=64,32
+    - FLAVOR: Visual Studio 2013
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2013
+      TOOLSET: msvc-12.0
+    - FLAVOR:  mingw32
+      ARCH:    i686
+      B2_ADDRESS_MODEL: address-model=32
+      SCRIPT:  ci\mingw.bat
+    - FLAVOR:  mingw64
+      ARCH:    x86_64
+      B2_ADDRESS_MODEL: address-model=64
+      SCRIPT:  ci\mingw.bat
+    - FLAVOR: cygwin (64-bit)
+      ADDPATH: C:\cygwin64\bin;
+      B2_ADDRESS_MODEL: address-model=64
+      TOOLSET: gcc
+      MAYFAIL: true
+    - FLAVOR: cygwin (32-bit)
+      ADDPATH: C:\cygwin\bin;
+      B2_ADDRESS_MODEL: address-model=32
+      TOOLSET: gcc
+      MAYFAIL: true
+
+install:
+  - set SELF=program_options
+  - cd ..
+  - git clone -b %APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH% --depth 1 https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git boost-root
+  - cd boost-root
+  - git submodule update -q --init tools/boostdep
+  - git submodule update -q --init tools/build
+  - git submodule update -q --init tools/inspect
+  - xcopy /s /e /q %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER% libs\%SELF%
+  - python tools/boostdep/depinst/depinst.py --include example %SELF%
+  - cmd /c bootstrap
+  - b2 headers
+
+build: off
+
+test_script:
+  - set SELF=program_options
+  - PATH=%ADDPATH%%PATH%
+  - IF DEFINED SCRIPT (call libs\%SELF%\%SCRIPT%) ELSE (b2 libs/%SELF% toolset=%TOOLSET% cxxstd=%CXXSTD% %CXXFLAGS% %DEFINES% %B2_ADDRESS_MODEL% %B2_LINK% %B2_THREADING% %B2_VARIANT% -j3)

build/Jamfile.v2

@@ -9,13 +9,8 @@ SOURCES =
     convert winmain split
     ;
 
-lib boost_program_options
+boost-lib program_options
     : $(SOURCES).cpp
-    : <link>shared:<define>BOOST_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_DYN_LINK=1 # tell source we're building dll's
-      # See https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/5049
+    : # See https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/5049
       <target-os>hpux,<toolset>gcc:<define>_INCLUDE_STDC__SOURCE_199901
-    :
-    : <link>shared:<define>BOOST_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_DYN_LINK=1
-    ;
-
-boost-install boost_program_options ;
+    ;

ci/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2017 James E. King III
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+#      http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+#
+# Bash script to run in travis to perform a bjam build
+# cwd should be $BOOST_ROOT/libs/$SELF before running
+#
+
+set -ex
+
+# default language level: c++03
+if [[ -z "$CXXSTD" ]]; then
+    CXXSTD=03
+fi
+
+$BOOST_ROOT/b2 . toolset=$TOOLSET cxxstd=$CXXSTD $CXXFLAGS $DEFINES $LINKFLAGS $TESTFLAGS $B2_ADDRESS_MODEL $B2_LINK $B2_THREADING $B2_VARIANT -j3 $*

ci/codecov.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2017, 2018 James E. King III
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+#      http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+#
+# Bash script to run in travis to perform codecov.io integration
+#
+
+###
+### NOTE: Make sure you grab .codecov.yml
+###
+
+# assumes cwd is the top level directory of the boost project
+# assumes an environment variable $SELF is the boost project name
+
+set -ex
+
+B2_VARIANT=debug
+ci/build.sh cxxflags=-fprofile-arcs cxxflags=-ftest-coverage linkflags=-fprofile-arcs linkflags=-ftest-coverage
+
+# switch back to the original source code directory
+cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR
+
+# get the version of lcov
+lcov --version
+
+# coverage files are in ../../b2 from this location
+lcov --gcov-tool=gcov-7 --rc lcov_branch_coverage=1 --base-directory "$BOOST_ROOT/libs/$SELF" --directory "$BOOST_ROOT" --capture --output-file all.info
+
+# all.info contains all the coverage info for all projects - limit to ours
+lcov --gcov-tool=gcov-7 --rc lcov_branch_coverage=1 --extract all.info "*/boost/$SELF/*" "*/libs/$SELF/src/*" --output-file coverage.info
+
+# dump a summary on the console - helps us identify problems in pathing
+lcov --gcov-tool=gcov-7 --rc lcov_branch_coverage=1 --list coverage.info
+
+#
+# upload to codecov.io
+#
+curl -s https://codecov.io/bash > .codecov
+chmod +x .codecov
+./.codecov -f coverage.info -X gcov -x "gcov-7"

ci/coverity.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2017 James E. King III
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+#      http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+#
+# Bash script to run in travis to perform a Coverity Scan build
+# To skip the coverity integration download (which is huge) if
+# you already have it from a previous run, add --skipdownload
+#
+
+#
+# Environment Variables
+#
+# COVERITY_SCAN_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL  - email address to notify
+# COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN               - the Coverity Scan token (should be secure)
+# SELF                              - the boost libs directory name
+
+set -ex
+
+pushd /tmp
+if [[ "$1" != "--skipdownload" ]]; then
+  rm -rf coverity_tool.tgz cov-analysis*
+  wget https://scan.coverity.com/download/linux64 --post-data "token=$COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN&project=boostorg/$SELF" -O coverity_tool.tgz
+  tar xzf coverity_tool.tgz
+fi
+COVBIN=$(echo $(pwd)/cov-analysis*/bin)
+export PATH=$COVBIN:$PATH
+popd
+
+ci/build.sh clean
+rm -rf cov-int/
+cov-build --dir cov-int ci/build.sh
+tar cJf cov-int.tar.xz cov-int/
+curl --form token="$COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN" \
+     --form email="$COVERITY_SCAN_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL" \
+     --form file=@cov-int.tar.xz \
+     --form version="$(git describe --tags)" \
+     --form description="boostorg/$SELF" \
+     https://scan.coverity.com/builds?project="boostorg/$SELF"
+

ci/cppcheck.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2018 James E. King III
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+#      http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+#
+# Bash script to run in travis to perform a cppcheck
+# cwd should be $BOOST_ROOT before running
+#
+
+set -ex
+
+# default language level: c++03
+if [[ -z "$CXXSTD" ]]; then
+    CXXSTD=03
+fi
+
+# Travis' ubuntu-trusty comes with cppcheck 1.62 which is pretty old
+# default cppcheck version: 1.82
+if [[ -z "$CPPCHKVER" ]]; then
+    CPPCHKVER=1.82
+fi
+
+pushd ~
+wget https://github.com/danmar/cppcheck/archive/$CPPCHKVER.tar.gz
+tar xzf $CPPCHKVER.tar.gz
+mkdir cppcheck-build
+cd cppcheck-build
+cmake ../cppcheck-$CPPCHKVER -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/cppcheck
+make -j3 install
+popd
+
+~/cppcheck/bin/cppcheck -I. --std=c++$CXXSTD --enable=all --error-exitcode=1 \
+         --force --check-config --suppress=*:boost/preprocessor/tuple/size.hpp \
+         -UBOOST_USER_CONFIG -UBOOST_COMPILER_CONFIG -UBOOST_STDLIB_CONFIG -UBOOST_PLATFORM_CONFIG \
+         libs/$SELF 2>&1 | grep -v 'Cppcheck does not need standard library headers'
+

ci/mingw.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+::
+:: MinGW Build Script for Appveyor, leveraging the MSYS2 installation
+:: Copyright (C) 2018 James E. King III
+:: Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+:: (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+::
+
+@ECHO ON
+SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
+
+:: Set up the toolset
+echo using gcc : %FLAVOR% : %ARCH%-w64-mingw32-g++.exe ; > %USERPROFILE%\user-config.jam
+SET UPPERFLAVOR=%FLAVOR%
+CALL :TOUPPER UPPERFLAVOR
+
+:: Install packages needed to build boost
+:: Optional: comment out ones this library does not need, 
+:: so people can copy this script to another library.
+
+FOR %%a IN ("gcc" "icu" "libiconv" "openssl" "xz" "zlib") DO (
+    c:\msys64\usr\bin\env MSYSTEM=%UPPERFLAVOR% c:\msys64\usr\bin\bash -l -c ^
+      "pacman --sync --needed --noconfirm %FLAVOR%/mingw-w64-%ARCH%-%%a" || EXIT /B
+)
+c:\msys64\usr\bin\env MSYSTEM=%UPPERFLAVOR% c:\msys64\usr\bin\bash -l -c ^
+  "pacman --sync --needed --noconfirm python3" || EXIT /B
+
+::
+:: Now build things...
+::
+
+c:\msys64\usr\bin\env MSYSTEM=%UPPERFLAVOR% c:\msys64\usr\bin\bash -l -c ^
+  "cd %CD:\=/% && ./bootstrap.sh --with-toolset=gcc" || EXIT /B
+
+c:\msys64\usr\bin\env MSYSTEM=%UPPERFLAVOR% c:\msys64\usr\bin\bash -l -c ^
+  "cd %CD:\=/% && ./b2 libs/%SELF% toolset=gcc-%FLAVOR% cxxstd=%CXXSTD% %CXXFLAGS% %DEFINES% %B2_ADDRESS_MODEL% %B2_LINK% %B2_THREADING% %B2_VARIANT% -j3" || EXIT /B
+
+EXIT /B 0
+
+::
+:: Function to uppercase a variable
+:: from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34713621/batch-converting-variable-to-uppercase
+::
+
+:TOUPPER <variable>
+@ECHO OFF
+FOR %%a IN ("a=A" "b=B" "c=C" "d=D" "e=E" "f=F" "g=G" "h=H" "i=I"
+            "j=J" "k=K" "l=L" "m=M" "n=N" "o=O" "p=P" "q=Q" "r=R"
+            "s=S" "t=T" "u=U" "v=V" "w=W" "x=X" "y=Y" "z=Z"      ) DO ( CALL SET %~1=%%%~1:%%~a%% )
+@ECHO ON
+GOTO :EOF

doc/howto.xml

@@ -435,6 +435,58 @@ vector<string> to_pass_further = collect_unrecognized(parsed.options, incl
 
     </section>
 
+    <section>
+      <title>Testing Option Presence</title>
+
+      <para>Until now we have tested whether an option has been set using the
+      <methodname alt="boost::program_options::variables_map::count">count</methodname> method on the &variables_map;
+      class; as you are repeating the (string literal) name of the option this is prone to typos and/or errors
+      resulting from renaming the option in one place but not the other:
+        <programlisting><![CDATA[
+po::options_description desc("Allowed options");
+desc.add_options()
+    ("compression", po::value<int>(), "set compression level")
+;
+
+po::variables_map vm;
+po::store(po::parse_command_line(ac, av, desc), vm);
+po::notify(vm);
+
+if (vm.count("compression")) {
+    cout << "Compression level was set to "
+ << vm["compression"].as<int>() << ".\n";
+} else {
+    cout << "Compression level was not set.\n";
+}
+]]>
+        </programlisting>
+      </para>
+
+      <para>Instead, you can use a variable of type <classname alt="boost::optional">boost::optional</classname>;
+      <libraryname>Program_options</libraryname> provides special support for <libraryname>Boost.Optional</libraryname>
+      such that if the user specifies the option the <classname alt="boost::optional">boost::optional</classname>
+      variable will be initialized to the appropriate value:
+        <programlisting><![CDATA[
+po::options_description desc("Allowed options");
+boost::optional<int> compression;
+desc.add_options()
+    ("compression", po::value(&compression), "set compression level")
+;
+
+po::variables_map vm;
+po::store(po::parse_command_line(ac, av, desc), vm);
+po::notify(vm);
+
+if (compression) {
+    cout << "Compression level was set to " << *compression << ".\n";
+} else {
+    cout << "Compression level was not set.\n";
+}
+]]>
+        </programlisting>
+      </para>
+    </section>
+
 </section>
 
 <!--

doc/post_review_plan.txt

@@ -178,5 +178,4 @@
         
 12. Deferred 
 
-   - storing value to boost::optional 
    - setting a flag when option is found 

include/boost/program_options/detail/cmdline.hpp

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options { namespace detail {
                       const std::vector<style_parser>& style_parsers);
 
         // Copies of input.
-        std::vector<std::string> args;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_args;
         style_t m_style;
         bool m_allow_unregistered;
 

include/boost/program_options/detail/parsers.hpp

@@ -12,20 +12,6 @@
 
 namespace boost { namespace program_options {
 
-    namespace detail {
-        template<class charT, class Iterator>
-        std::vector<std::basic_string<charT> > 
-        make_vector(Iterator i, Iterator e)
-        {
-            std::vector<std::basic_string<charT> > result;
-            // Some compilers don't have templated constructor for 
-            // vector, so we can't create vector from (argv+1, argv+argc) range
-            for(; i != e; ++i)
-                result.push_back(*i);
-            return result;            
-        }
-    }
-
     template<class charT>
     basic_command_line_parser<charT>::
     basic_command_line_parser(const std::vector<
@@ -38,9 +24,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
     basic_command_line_parser<charT>::
     basic_command_line_parser(int argc, const charT* const argv[])
     : detail::cmdline(
-        // Explicit template arguments are required by gcc 3.3.1 
-        // (at least mingw version), and do no harm on other compilers.
-        to_internal(detail::make_vector<charT, const charT* const*>(argv+1, argv+argc+!argc))),
+        to_internal(std::vector<std::basic_string<charT> >(argv+1, argv+argc))),
         m_desc()
     {}
 
@@ -49,7 +33,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
     basic_command_line_parser<charT>& 
     basic_command_line_parser<charT>::options(const options_description& desc)
     {
-       detail::cmdline::set_options_description(desc);
+        detail::cmdline::set_options_description(desc);
         m_desc = &desc;
         return *this;
     }

include/boost/program_options/detail/value_semantic.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 
 #include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
 
+// forward declaration
+namespace boost { template<class T> class optional; }
+
 namespace boost { namespace program_options { 
 
     extern BOOST_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_DECL std::string arg;
@@ -152,6 +155,20 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
         }
     }
 
+    /** Validates optional arguments. */
+    template<class T, class charT>
+    void validate(boost::any& v,
+                  const std::vector<std::basic_string<charT> >& s,
+                  boost::optional<T>*,
+                  int)
+    {
+        validators::check_first_occurrence(v);
+        validators::get_single_string(s);
+        boost::any a;
+        validate(a, s, (T*)0, 0);
+        v = boost::any(boost::optional<T>(boost::any_cast<T>(a)));
+    }
+
     template<class T, class charT>
     void 
     typed_value<T, charT>::

include/boost/program_options/eof_iterator.hpp

@@ -68,7 +68,11 @@ namespace boost {
 
 
     private: // iterator core operations
-        friend class iterator_core_access;
+#ifdef __DCC__ 
+        friend class boost::iterator_core_access; 
+#else 
+        friend class iterator_core_access; 	 
+#endif
 
         void increment()
         {

include/boost/program_options/errors.hpp

@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
     inline std::string strip_prefixes(const std::string& text)
     {
         // "--foo-bar" -> "foo-bar"
-        return text.substr(text.find_first_not_of("-/"));
+        std::string::size_type i = text.find_first_not_of("-/");
+        if (i == std::string::npos) {
+            return text;
+        } else {
+            return text.substr(i);
+        }
     }
 
     /** Base class for all errors in the library. */
@@ -169,7 +174,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
         virtual void set_option_name(const std::string& option_name)
         {           set_substitute("option", option_name);}
 
-        std::string get_option_name() const throw()
+        std::string get_option_name() const
         {           return get_canonical_option_name();         }
 
         void set_original_token(const std::string& original_token)

include/boost/program_options/option.hpp

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
         basic_option(const std::string& xstring_key, 
                const std::vector< std::string> &xvalue)
         : string_key(xstring_key)
+        , position_key(-1)
         , value(xvalue)
         , unregistered(false)
         , case_insensitive(false)

include/boost/program_options/value_semantic.hpp

@@ -38,11 +38,6 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
             should be present on the command line. */
         virtual unsigned max_tokens() const = 0;
 
-        /** Returns true if the option should only take adjacent token,
-            not one from further command-line arguments.
-        */
-        virtual bool adjacent_tokens_only() const = 0;
-
         /** Returns true if values from different sources should be composed.
             Otherwise, value from the first source is used and values from
             other sources are discarded.
@@ -53,7 +48,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
 
         */
         virtual bool is_required() const = 0;
-
+        
         /** Parses a group of tokens that specify a value of option.
             Stores the result in 'value_store', using whatever representation
             is desired. May be be called several times if value of the same
@@ -139,7 +134,6 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
 
         unsigned min_tokens() const;
         unsigned max_tokens() const;
-        bool adjacent_tokens_only() const { return false; }
 
         bool is_composing() const { return false; }
 
@@ -224,10 +218,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
 
         /** Specifies an implicit value, which will be used
             if the option is given, but without an adjacent value.
-            Using this implies that an explicit value is optional, but if
-            given, must be strictly adjacent to the option, i.e.: '-ovalue'
-            or '--option=value'.  Giving '-o' or '--option' will cause the
-            implicit value to be applied.
+            Using this implies that an explicit value is optional,
         */
         typed_value* implicit_value(const T &v)
         {
@@ -331,8 +322,6 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
             }
         }
 
-        bool adjacent_tokens_only() const { return !m_implicit_value.empty(); }
-
         bool is_required() const { return m_required; }
 
         /** Creates an instance of the 'validator' class and calls

include/boost/program_options/version.hpp

@@ -15,5 +15,8 @@
 #endif
 #define BOOST_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_VERSION 2
 
+// Signal that implicit options will use values from next
+// token, if available.
+#define BOOST_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_IMPLICIT_VALUE_NEXT_TOKEN 1
 
 #endif

src/cmdline.cpp

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options { namespace detail {
     void
     cmdline::init(const vector<string>& args)
     {
-        this->args = args;        
+        this->m_args = args;        
         m_style = command_line_style::default_style;
         m_desc = 0;
         m_positional = 0;
@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options { namespace detail {
         style_parsers.push_back(boost::bind(&cmdline::parse_terminator, this, _1));
 
         vector<option> result;
+        vector<string>& args = m_args;
         while(!args.empty())
         {
             bool ok = false;
@@ -313,9 +314,6 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options { namespace detail {
             if (!xd)
                 continue;
 
-            if (xd->semantic()->adjacent_tokens_only())
-                continue;
-
             unsigned min_tokens = xd->semantic()->min_tokens();
             unsigned max_tokens = xd->semantic()->max_tokens();
             if (min_tokens < max_tokens && opt.value.size() < max_tokens)
@@ -437,9 +435,6 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options { namespace detail {
             // (the value in --foo=1) counts as a separate token, and if present
             // must be consumed. The following tokens on the command line may be
             // left unconsumed.
-
-            // We don't check if those tokens look like option, or not!
-
             unsigned min_tokens = d.semantic()->min_tokens();
             unsigned max_tokens = d.semantic()->max_tokens();
             
@@ -453,9 +448,8 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options { namespace detail {
                         invalid_command_line_syntax(invalid_command_line_syntax::extra_parameter));
                 }
                 
-                // If an option wants, at minimum, N tokens, we grab them there,
-                // when adding these tokens as values to current option we check
-                // if they look like options
+                // Grab min_tokens values from other_tokens, but only if those tokens
+                // are not recognized as options themselves.
                 if (opt.value.size() <= min_tokens) 
                 {
                     min_tokens -= static_cast<unsigned>(opt.value.size());
@@ -465,7 +459,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options { namespace detail {
                     min_tokens = 0;
                 }
 
-                // Everything's OK, move the values to the result.            
+                // Everything's OK, move the values to the result.
                 for(;!other_tokens.empty() && min_tokens--; ) 
                 {
                     // check if extra parameter looks like a known option

src/parsers.cpp

@@ -152,7 +152,16 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
         {
             boost::throw_exception(reading_file(filename));
         }
-        return parse_config_file(strm, desc, allow_unregistered);
+
+        basic_parsed_options<charT> result
+                = parse_config_file(strm, desc, allow_unregistered);
+
+        if (strm.bad())
+        {
+            boost::throw_exception(reading_file(filename));
+        }
+
+        return result;
     }
 
     template

src/variables_map.cpp

@@ -42,16 +42,15 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
         string option_name;
         string original_token;
 
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
         try
+#endif
         {
 
             // First, convert/store all given options
             for (i = 0; i < options.options.size(); ++i) {
 
                 option_name = options.options[i].string_key;
-                original_token = options.options[i].original_tokens.size() ?
-                                options.options[i].original_tokens[0] :
-                                option_name;
                 // Skip positional options without name
                 if (option_name.empty())
                     continue;
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace program_options {
                 if (xm.m_final.count(option_name))
                     continue;
 
-                string original_token = options.options[i].original_tokens.size() ?
+                original_token = options.options[i].original_tokens.size() ?
                                         options.options[i].original_tokens[0]     : "";
                 const option_description& d = desc.find(option_name, false,
                                                         false, false);

test/Jamfile.v2

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import testing ;
 
 project
     : requirements 
@@ -33,8 +34,11 @@ test-suite program_options :
     [ po-test unrecognized_test.cpp ]
     [ po-test required_test.cpp : required_test.cfg ]
     [ po-test exception_txt_test.cpp ]
+    [ po-test optional_test.cpp ]
     [ run options_description_test.cpp : : : <rtti>off <define>BOOST_NO_RTTI <define>BOOST_NO_TYPEID : options_description_no_rtti_test ]
     ;
         
 exe test_convert : test_convert.cpp ;   
 
+# `quick` target (for CI)
+run quick.cpp : --path=initial ;

test/cmdline_test.cpp

@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ struct test_case {
    The "boost::program_options" in parameter type is needed because CW9 
    has std::detail and it causes an ambiguity.
 */
-void apply_syntax(options_description& desc,
-                  positional_options_description & m_positional,
+void apply_syntax(options_description& desc, 
                   const char* syntax)
 {
    
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@ void apply_syntax(options_description& desc,
             v = value<string>();
             s.resize(s.size()-1);
         } else if (*(s.end()-1) == '?') {
-            v = value<string>()->implicit_value("bar");
-            m_positional.add("positional", -1);
+            v = value<string>()->implicit_value("default");
             s.resize(s.size()-1);
         } else if (*(s.end()-1) == '*') {
             v = value<vector<string> >()->multitoken();
@@ -114,14 +112,12 @@ void test_cmdline(const char* syntax,
             }
         }
         options_description desc;
-        positional_options_description m_positional;
-        apply_syntax(desc, m_positional, syntax);
+        apply_syntax(desc, syntax);
 
         cmdline cmd(xinput);
         cmd.style(style);
         cmd.set_options_description(desc);
-        if(m_positional.max_total_count())
-            cmd.set_positional_options(m_positional);
+
 
         string result;
         int status = 0;
@@ -133,9 +129,7 @@ void test_cmdline(const char* syntax,
             {
                 option opt = options[j];
 
-                if (opt.position_key != -1
-                    && (m_positional.max_total_count() == 0 || (size_t)opt.position_key >= m_positional.max_total_count()
-                     || m_positional.name_for_position(opt.position_key) != "positional")) {
+                if (opt.position_key != -1) {
                     if (!result.empty())
                         result += " ";
                     result += opt.value[0];
@@ -233,7 +227,7 @@ void test_long_options()
         {"--giz", s_success, "Giz:"},
         {0, 0, 0}
     };
-    test_cmdline("foo bar= Giz", style, test_cases4);
+    test_cmdline("foo bar= baz? Giz", style, test_cases4);
 }
 
 void test_short_options()
@@ -353,7 +347,7 @@ void test_disguised_long()
         {"-bee=x -by", s_success, "bee:x bee:y"},
         {0, 0, 0}
     };
-    test_cmdline("foo,f goo,g= bee,b=", style, test_cases1);
+    test_cmdline("foo,f goo,g= bee,b?", style, test_cases1);
 
     style = cmdline::style_t(style | allow_slash_for_short);
     test_case test_cases2[] = {
@@ -361,7 +355,7 @@ void test_disguised_long()
         {"/goo=x", s_success, "goo:x"},
         {0, 0, 0}
     };
-    test_cmdline("foo,f goo,g=", style, test_cases2);
+    test_cmdline("foo,f goo,g= bee,b?", style, test_cases2);
 }
 
 void test_guessing()
@@ -622,23 +616,22 @@ void test_implicit_value()
         );
 
     test_case test_cases1[] = {
-        {"--foo bar", s_success, "foo: positional:bar"},
-        {"--foo=bar foobar", s_success, "foo:bar positional:foobar"},
+        // 'bar' does not even look like option, so is consumed
+        {"--foo bar", s_success, "foo:bar"},
+        // '--bar' looks like option, and such option exists, so we don't consume this token
+        {"--foo --bar", s_success, "foo: bar:"},
+        // '--biz' looks like option, but does not match any existing one.
+        // Presently this results in parse error, since
+        // (1) in cmdline.cpp:finish_option, we only consume following tokens if they are
+        // requires
+        // (2) in cmdline.cpp:run, we let options consume following positional options
+        // For --biz, an exception is thrown between 1 and 2.
+        // We might want to fix that in future.
+        {"--foo --biz", s_unknown_option, ""},
         {0, 0, 0}
     };
 
-    test_cmdline("positional= foo?", style, test_cases1);
-
-    style = cmdline::style_t(
-        allow_short | allow_dash_for_short 
-        | short_allow_adjacent);
-
-    test_case test_cases2[] = {
-        {"-f bar", s_success, "-f: positional:bar"},
-        {"-fbar foobar", s_success, "-f:bar positional:foobar"},
-        {0, 0, 0}
-    };
-    test_cmdline("positional= ,f?", style, test_cases2);
+    test_cmdline("foo? bar?", style, test_cases1);
 }
 
 int main(int /*ac*/, char** /*av*/)

test/exception_txt_test.cpp

@@ -620,7 +620,27 @@ void test_invalid_command_line_style_exception_msg()
     }
 }
 
+void test_empty_value_inner(options_description &opts, variables_map& vm) {
+    positional_options_description popts;
+    opts.add_options()("foo", value<uint32_t>()->value_name("<time>")->required());
+    popts.add("foo", 1);
+    vector<string> tokens(1, "");
+    parsed_options parsed = command_line_parser(tokens)
+        .style(command_line_style::default_style & ~command_line_style::allow_guessing)
+        .options(opts)
+        .positional(popts)
+        .run();
+    store(parsed, vm);
+}
 
+void test_empty_value() {
+    // Test that passing empty token for an option that requires integer does not result
+    // in out-of-range error in error reporting code.
+    test_exception<invalid_option_value>(
+        "test_empty_value",
+        "the argument for option '--foo' is invalid",
+        test_empty_value_inner);
+}
 
 int main(int /*ac*/, char** /*av*/)
 {
@@ -633,6 +653,7 @@ int main(int /*ac*/, char** /*av*/)
    test_multiple_values_not_allowed_exception_msg();
    test_required_option_exception_msg();
    test_at_least_one_value_required_exception_msg();
+   test_empty_value();
 
    string test_name;
    string expected_message;

test/optional_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
+// or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+namespace po = boost::program_options;
+
+#include <boost/optional.hpp>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "minitest.hpp"
+
+std::vector<std::string> sv(const char* array[], unsigned size)
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> r;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+        r.push_back(array[i]);
+    return r;
+}
+
+void test_optional()
+{
+    boost::optional<int> foo, bar, baz;
+
+    po::options_description desc;
+    desc.add_options()
+        ("foo,f", po::value(&foo), "")
+        ("bar,b", po::value(&bar), "")
+        ("baz,z", po::value(&baz), "")
+        ;
+
+    const char* cmdline1_[] = { "--foo=12", "--bar", "1"};
+    std::vector<std::string> cmdline1 = sv(cmdline1_,
+                                           sizeof(cmdline1_)/sizeof(const char*));
+    po::variables_map vm;
+    po::store(po::command_line_parser(cmdline1).options(desc).run(), vm);
+    po::notify(vm);
+
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(!!foo);
+    BOOST_CHECK(*foo == 12);
+
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(!!bar);
+    BOOST_CHECK(*bar == 1);
+
+    BOOST_CHECK(!baz);
+}
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+    test_optional();
+    return 0;
+}

test/quick.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+// Copyright 2017 Peter Dimov.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//
+// See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+// See library home page at http://www.boost.org/libs/program_options
+
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+
+namespace po = boost::program_options;
+
+int main( int argc, char const* argv[] )
+{
+    po::options_description desc( "Allowed options" );
+
+    desc.add_options()
+        ( "path,p", po::value<std::string>(), "set initial path" )
+    ;
+
+    po::variables_map vm;
+
+    try
+    {
+        po::store( po::parse_command_line( argc, argv, desc ), vm );
+        po::notify( vm );
+    }
+    catch( std::exception const & x )
+    {
+        std::cerr << "Error: " << x.what() << std::endl;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    std::string p;
+
+    if( vm.count( "path" ) )
+    {
+        p = vm[ "path" ].as<std::string>();
+    }
+
+    std::string expected( "initial" );
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( p, expected );
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}