Added probe.

fix issue #251 - fix simple shell command in posix

.drone.star

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ windowsglobalimage="cppalliance/dronevs2019"
 
 def main(ctx):
   return [
-    #freebsd_cxx("FreeBSD", "g++10",  packages="g++10",  buildtype="boost", buildscript="drone",                                                environment={ "VARIANT": "release", "TOOLSET": "gcc", "COMPILER": "g++", "CXXSTD": "11" }, globalenv=globalenv),
+  freebsd_cxx("gcc 11 freebsd", "g++-11", buildtype="boost", buildscript="drone", freebsd_version="13.1", environment={'B2_TOOLSET': 'gcc-11', 'B2_CXXSTD': '17,20', 'B2_LINKFLAGS': '-Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib/gcc11'}, globalenv=globalenv),
+  freebsd_cxx("clang 14 freebsd", "clang++-14", buildtype="boost", buildscript="drone", freebsd_version="13.1", environment={'B2_TOOLSET': 'clang-14', 'B2_CXXSTD': '17,20'}, globalenv=globalenv),
   linux_cxx("docs", "", packages="docbook docbook-xml docbook-xsl xsltproc libsaxonhe-java default-jre-headless flex libfl-dev bison unzip rsync mlocate", image="cppalliance/droneubuntu1804:1", buildtype="docs", buildscript="drone", environment={"COMMENT": "docs"}, globalenv=globalenv),
   linux_cxx("asan",         "g++-8",  packages="g++-8",  buildtype="boost", buildscript="drone", image=linuxglobalimage,                        environment={'COMMENT': 'asan',  'B2_VARIANT': 'debug', 'B2_TOOLSET': 'gcc-8',  'B2_CXXSTD': '11', 'B2_ASAN':  '1', 'B2_DEFINES': 'BOOST_NO_STRESS_TEST=1', 'DRONE_EXTRA_PRIVILEGED': 'True', 'DRONE_JOB_UUID': '356a192b79'}, globalenv=globalenv, privileged=True),
   linux_cxx("ubsan",        "g++-8",  packages="g++-8",  buildtype="boost", buildscript="drone", image=linuxglobalimage,                        environment={'COMMENT': 'ubsan', 'B2_VARIANT': 'debug', 'B2_TOOLSET': 'gcc-8',  'B2_CXXSTD': '11', 'B2_UBSAN': '1', 'B2_DEFINES': 'BOOST_NO_STRESS_TEST=1', 'B2_LINKFLAGS': '-fuse-ld=gold',  'DRONE_JOB_UUID': '77de68daec'}, globalenv=globalenv),

include/boost/process/async_system.hpp

@@ -38,12 +38,11 @@ namespace process {
 namespace detail
 {
 
-template<typename ExitHandler>
+template<typename Handler>
 struct async_system_handler : ::boost::process::detail::api::async_handler
 {
     boost::asio::io_context & ios;
-    boost::asio::async_completion<
-            ExitHandler, void(boost::system::error_code, int)> init;
+    Handler handler;
 
 #if defined(BOOST_POSIX_API)
     bool errored = false;
@@ -52,9 +51,8 @@ struct async_system_handler : ::boost::process::detail::api::async_handler
     template<typename ExitHandler_>
     async_system_handler(
             boost::asio::io_context & ios,
-            ExitHandler_ && exit_handler) : ios(ios), init(exit_handler)
+            ExitHandler_ && exit_handler) : ios(ios), handler(std::forward<ExitHandler_>(exit_handler))
     {
-
     }
 
 
@@ -64,21 +62,15 @@ struct async_system_handler : ::boost::process::detail::api::async_handler
 #if defined(BOOST_POSIX_API)
         errored = true;
 #endif
-        auto & h = init.completion_handler;
+        auto h = std::make_shared<Handler>(std::move(handler));
         boost::asio::post(
             ios.get_executor(),
             [h, ec]() mutable
             {
-                h(boost::system::error_code(ec.value(), boost::system::system_category()), -1);
+                (*h)(boost::system::error_code(ec.value(), boost::system::system_category()), -1);
             });
     }
 
-    BOOST_ASIO_INITFN_RESULT_TYPE(ExitHandler, void (boost::system::error_code, int))
-        get_result()
-    {
-        return init.result.get();
-    }
-
     template<typename Executor>
     std::function<void(int, const std::error_code&)> on_exit_handler(Executor&)
     {
@@ -86,10 +78,10 @@ struct async_system_handler : ::boost::process::detail::api::async_handler
         if (errored)
             return [](int , const std::error_code &){};
 #endif
-        auto & h = init.completion_handler;
+        auto h = std::make_shared<Handler>(std::move(handler));
         return [h](int exit_code, const std::error_code & ec) mutable
                {
-                    h(boost::system::error_code(ec.value(), boost::system::system_category()), exit_code);
+                    (*h)(boost::system::error_code(ec.value(), boost::system::system_category()), exit_code);
                };
     }
 };
@@ -120,21 +112,36 @@ inline boost::process::detail::dummy
     async_system(boost::asio::io_context & ios, ExitHandler && exit_handler, Args && ...args);
 #endif
 
+namespace detail
+{
+struct async_system_init_op
+{
+
+    template<typename Handler, typename ... Args>
+    void operator()(Handler && handler, asio::io_context & ios, Args && ... args)
+    {
+        detail::async_system_handler<typename std::decay<Handler>::type> async_h{ios, std::forward<Handler>(handler)};
+        child(ios, std::forward<Args>(args)..., async_h ).detach();
+    }
+};
+
+
+}
+
+
 template<typename ExitHandler, typename ...Args>
 inline BOOST_ASIO_INITFN_RESULT_TYPE(ExitHandler, void (boost::system::error_code, int))
     async_system(boost::asio::io_context & ios, ExitHandler && exit_handler, Args && ...args)
 {
-    detail::async_system_handler<ExitHandler> async_h{ios, std::forward<ExitHandler>(exit_handler)};
-
+    
     typedef typename ::boost::process::detail::has_error_handler<boost::fusion::tuple<Args...>>::type
             has_err_handling;
 
     static_assert(!has_err_handling::value, "async_system cannot have custom error handling");
 
-
-    child(ios, std::forward<Args>(args)..., async_h ).detach();
-
-    return async_h.get_result();
+    return boost::asio::async_initiate<ExitHandler, void (boost::system::error_code, int)>(
+        detail::async_system_init_op{}, exit_handler, ios, std::forward<Args>(args)...
+    );
 }
 
 

include/boost/process/detail/posix/basic_cmd.hpp

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ struct exe_cmd_init<char> : boost::process::detail::api::handler_base_ext
     }
     static exe_cmd_init cmd_shell(std::string&& cmd)
     {
-        std::vector<std::string> args = {"-c", "\"" + cmd + "\""};
+        std::vector<std::string> args = {"-c", cmd};
         std::string sh = shell().string();
 
         return exe_cmd_init(

include/boost/process/detail/posix/executor.hpp

@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ class executor
     void write_error(const std::error_code & ec, const char * msg)
     {
         //I am the child
-        const auto len = std::strlen(msg);
-        int data[2] = {ec.value(), static_cast<int>(len + 1)};
+        const auto len = static_cast<int>(std::strlen(msg));
+        int data[2] = {ec.value(), len + 1};
 
         boost::ignore_unused(::write(_pipe_sink, &data[0], sizeof(int) * 2));
         boost::ignore_unused(::write(_pipe_sink, msg, len));
@@ -444,6 +444,8 @@ child executor<Sequence>::invoke(boost::mpl::false_, boost::mpl::false_)
     }
     if (_ec)
     {
+        //if an error occured we need to reap the child process
+        ::waitpid(this->pid, nullptr, WNOHANG);
         boost::fusion::for_each(seq, call_on_error(*this, _ec));
         return child();
     }
@@ -537,6 +539,7 @@ child executor<Sequence>::invoke(boost::mpl::false_, boost::mpl::true_)
 
     if (_ec)
     {
+        ::waitpid(this->pid, nullptr, WNOHANG);
         boost::fusion::for_each(seq, call_on_error(*this, _ec));
         return child();
     }

include/boost/process/environment.hpp

@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public:
         auto st1 = key + ::boost::process::detail::equal_sign<Char>();
         while (*p != nullptr)
         {
-            const int len = std::char_traits<Char>::length(*p);
+            const auto len = std::char_traits<Char>::length(*p);
             if ((std::distance(st1.begin(), st1.end()) < len)
                  && std::equal(st1.begin(), st1.end(), *p))
                 break;

include/boost/process/v2/bind_launcher.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+//
+// boost/process/v2/bind_launcher.hpp
+// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Klemens D. Morgenstern (klemens dot morgenstern at gmx dot net)
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+
+#ifndef BOOST_PROCESS_V2_BIND_LAUNCHER_HPP
+#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_BIND_LAUNCHER_HPP
+
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/default_launcher.hpp>
+
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+namespace detail
+{
+
+template<std::size_t ... Idx>
+struct index_sequence { };
+
+template<std::size_t Size, typename T> 
+struct make_index_sequence_impl;
+
+template<std::size_t Size, std::size_t ... Idx> 
+struct make_index_sequence_impl<Size, index_sequence<Idx...>>
+{
+    constexpr make_index_sequence_impl() {}
+    using type = typename make_index_sequence_impl<Size - 1u, index_sequence<Size - 1u, Idx...>>::type;
+};
+
+template<std::size_t ... Idx> 
+struct make_index_sequence_impl<0u, index_sequence<Idx...>>
+{
+    constexpr make_index_sequence_impl() {}
+    using type = index_sequence<Idx...>;
+};
+
+
+template<std::size_t Cnt>
+struct make_index_sequence
+{
+    using type = typename make_index_sequence_impl<Cnt, index_sequence<>>::type;
+};
+
+template<std::size_t Cnt>
+using make_index_sequence_t = typename make_index_sequence<Cnt>::type;
+
+}
+
+/** @brief  Utility class to bind initializers to a launcher
+ * @tparam Launcher The inner launcher to be used
+ * @tparam ...Init The initializers to be prepended.
+ * 
+ * This can be used when multiple processes shared some settings, 
+ * e.g. 
+ * 
+ */
+template<typename Launcher, typename ... Init>
+struct bound_launcher
+{
+    template<typename Launcher_, typename ... Init_>
+    bound_launcher(Launcher_ && l, Init_ && ... init) : 
+        launcher_(std::forward<Launcher_>(l)), init_(std::forward<Init_>(init)...) 
+    {
+    }
+
+    template<typename ExecutionContext, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto operator()(ExecutionContext & context,
+                    const typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<
+                            ExecutionContext&, BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
+                            filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                    Args && args,
+                    Inits && ... inits) -> basic_process<typename ExecutionContext::executor_type>
+    {
+        return invoke(detail::make_index_sequence_t<sizeof...(Init)>{},
+                      context, 
+                      executable,  
+                      std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                      std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename ExecutionContext, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto operator()(ExecutionContext & context,
+                    error_code & ec,
+                    const typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<
+                            ExecutionContext&, BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
+                            filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                    Args && args,
+                    Inits && ... inits ) -> basic_process<typename ExecutionContext::executor_type>
+    {
+        return invoke(detail::make_index_sequence_t<sizeof...(Init)>{},
+                      context, ec,
+                      executable,  
+                      std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                      std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename Executor, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto operator()(Executor exec,
+                    const typename std::enable_if<
+                            BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution::is_executor<Executor>::value ||
+                            BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::is_executor<Executor>::value,
+                            filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                    Args && args,
+                    Inits && ... inits ) -> basic_process<Executor>
+    {
+        return invoke(detail::make_index_sequence_t<sizeof...(Init)>{},
+                      std::move(exec), 
+                      executable,  
+                      std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                      std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename Executor, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto operator()(Executor exec,
+                    error_code & ec,
+                    const typename std::enable_if<
+                            BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution::is_executor<Executor>::value ||
+                            BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::is_executor<Executor>::value,
+                            filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                    Args && args,
+                    Inits && ... inits ) -> basic_process<Executor>
+    {
+        return invoke(detail::make_index_sequence_t<sizeof...(Init)>{},
+                      std::move(exec), ec,
+                      executable,  
+                      std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                      std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    template<std::size_t ... Idx, typename ExecutionContext, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto invoke(detail::index_sequence<Idx...>, 
+                ExecutionContext & context,
+                const typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<
+                        ExecutionContext&, BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
+                        filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                Args && args,
+                Inits && ... inits) -> basic_process<typename ExecutionContext::executor_type>
+    {
+        return launcher_(context, 
+                         executable,  
+                         std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                         std::get<Idx>(init_)...,
+                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+
+    template<std::size_t ... Idx, typename ExecutionContext, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto invoke(detail::index_sequence<Idx...>,
+                ExecutionContext & context,
+                error_code & ec,
+                const typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<
+                        ExecutionContext&, BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
+                        filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                Args && args,
+                Inits && ... inits ) -> basic_process<typename ExecutionContext::executor_type>
+    {
+        return launcher_(context, ec,
+                         executable,  
+                         std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                         std::get<Idx>(init_)...,
+                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+    template<std::size_t ... Idx, typename Executor, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto invoke(detail::index_sequence<Idx...>,
+                Executor exec,
+                const typename std::enable_if<
+                        BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution::is_executor<Executor>::value ||
+                        BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::is_executor<Executor>::value,
+                        filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                Args && args,
+                Inits && ... inits ) -> basic_process<Executor>
+    {
+        return launcher_(std::move(exec), 
+                         executable,  
+                         std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                         std::get<Idx>(init_)...,
+                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+    template<std::size_t ... Idx, typename Executor, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    auto invoke(detail::index_sequence<Idx...>,
+                Executor exec,
+                error_code & ec,
+                const typename std::enable_if<
+                        BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution::is_executor<Executor>::value ||
+                        BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::is_executor<Executor>::value,
+                        filesystem::path >::type & executable,
+                Args && args,
+                Inits && ... inits ) -> basic_process<Executor>
+    {
+        return launcher_(std::move(exec), ec,
+                         executable,  
+                         std::forward<Args>(args), 
+                         std::get<Idx>(init_)...,
+                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...);
+    }
+
+    Launcher launcher_;
+    std::tuple<Init...> init_;
+};
+
+
+template<typename Launcher, typename ... Init>
+auto bind_launcher(Launcher && launcher, Init && ... init)
+    -> bound_launcher<typename std::decay<Launcher>::type,
+                      typename std::decay<Init>::type...>
+{
+    return bound_launcher<typename std::decay<Launcher>::type,
+                          typename std::decay<Init>::type...>(
+                            std::forward<Launcher>(launcher), 
+                            std::forward<Init>(init)...);
+}
+
+/// @brief  @overload bind_launcher(Launcher && launcher, Init && init)
+/// @tparam ...Init The initializer types to bind to the default_launcher.
+/// @param ...init The initializers types to bind to the default_launcher.
+/// @return The new default_launcher.
+template<typename ... Init>
+auto bind_default_launcher(Init && ... init)
+    -> bound_launcher<default_process_launcher,
+                      typename std::decay<Init>::type...>
+{
+    return bound_launcher<default_process_launcher,
+                          typename std::decay<Init>::type...>(
+                            default_process_launcher(), 
+                            std::forward<Init>(init)...);
+}
+
+
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // BOOST_PROCESS_V2_BIND_LAUNCHER_HPP

include/boost/process/v2/detail/config.hpp

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 
 #if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_STANDALONE)
 
-#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE ::asio
+#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE asio
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(Sig) ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(Sig)
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(Executor) ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(Executor)
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(Token, Signature) ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(Token, Signature)
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(Executor) ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(Executor)
-
+#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_INITFN_DEDUCED_RESULT_TYPE(x,y,z) ASIO_INITFN_DEDUCED_RESULT_TYPE(x,y,z)
 
 #include <asio/detail/config.hpp>
 #include <system_error>
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@
 
 #else
 
-#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE ::boost::asio
+#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE boost::asio
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(Sig) BOOST_ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(Sig)
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(Executor) BOOST_ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(Executor)
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(Token, Signature) BOOST_ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(Token, Signature)
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(Executor) BOOST_ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(Executor)
-
+#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_INITFN_DEDUCED_RESULT_TYPE(x,y,z) BOOST_ASIO_INITFN_DEDUCED_RESULT_TYPE(x,y,z)
 
 #include <boost/config.hpp>
 #include <boost/io/quoted.hpp>

include/boost/process/v2/detail/impl/process_handle_windows.ipp

@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ static BOOL CALLBACK enum_window(HWND hwnd, LPARAM param)
     auto data = reinterpret_cast<enum_windows_data_t*>(param);
     DWORD pid{0u};
     GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, &pid);
-
     if (pid != data->pid)
       return TRUE;
-
+    
     LRESULT res = ::SendMessageW(hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
-    if (!res)
+
+    if (res)
       data->ec = detail::get_last_error();
-    return res != 0;
+    return res == 0;
   }
 
 void request_exit_(pid_type pid_, error_code & ec)

include/boost/process/v2/detail/process_handle_fd_or_signal.hpp

@@ -153,9 +153,12 @@ struct basic_process_handle_fd_or_signal
 
     void wait(native_exit_code_type &exit_status, error_code &ec)
     {
+
         if (pid_ <= 0)
             return;
-        while (::waitpid(pid_, &exit_status, 0) < 0)
+
+        int res = 0;
+        while ((res = ::waitpid(pid_, &exit_status, 0)) < 0)
         {
             if (errno != EINTR)
             {
@@ -163,7 +166,6 @@ struct basic_process_handle_fd_or_signal
                 break;
             }               
         }
-            
     }
 
     void wait(native_exit_code_type &exit_status)
@@ -286,31 +288,37 @@ struct basic_process_handle_fd_or_signal
 
     struct async_wait_op_
     {
-        BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::posix::basic_descriptor<Executor> &descriptor;
+        BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::posix::basic_stream_descriptor<Executor> &descriptor;
         BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::basic_signal_set<Executor> &handle;
         pid_type pid_;
         bool needs_post = true;
 
         template<typename Self>
-        void operator()(Self &&self, error_code ec = {}, int = 0)
+        void operator()(Self &&self, error_code ec = {}, int res = 0)
         {
-            native_exit_code_type exit_code{};
+            printf("RES : %d -> %s\n", res, ec.message().c_str());
+            native_exit_code_type exit_code = -1;
             int wait_res = -1;
             if (pid_ <= 0) // error, complete early
                 ec = BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::error::bad_descriptor;
             else 
             {
+                printf("test in %d\n", errno);
                 wait_res = ::waitpid(pid_, &exit_code, WNOHANG);
                 if (wait_res == -1)
                     ec = get_last_error();
+                else
+                    ec.clear();
+
             }
 
             if (!ec && (wait_res == 0))
             {
                 needs_post = false;
+                static int res[1] = {0};
                 if (descriptor.is_open())
                     descriptor.async_wait(
-                            BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::posix::descriptor_base::wait_read, 
+                            BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::posix::stream_descriptor::wait_read,
                             std::move(self));
                 else
                     handle.async_wait(std::move(self));

include/boost/process/v2/detail/process_handle_windows.hpp

@@ -87,17 +87,16 @@ struct basic_process_handle_win
     {
     }
 
-    basic_process_handle_win(basic_process_handle_win && handle)
+    basic_process_handle_win(basic_process_handle_win && handle) 
+        :  pid_(handle.id()), handle_(std::move(handle.handle_))
     {
-        pid_ = handle.id();
-        handle_ = std::move(handle.handle_);
         handle.pid_ = static_cast<DWORD>(-1);
     }
 
     basic_process_handle_win& operator=(basic_process_handle_win && handle)
     {
         pid_ = handle.pid_;
-        handle_ = std::mopve(handle_))
+        handle_ = std::move(handle.handle_);
         handle.pid_ = static_cast<DWORD>(-1);
         return *this;
     }
@@ -166,7 +165,6 @@ struct basic_process_handle_win
     {
         if (!detail::check_pid_(pid_, ec))
             return;
-
         detail::request_exit_(pid_, ec);
     }
 

include/boost/process/v2/environment.hpp

@@ -979,7 +979,8 @@ struct key_value_pair
          const std::pair<Key, Value> & kv/*,
          typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<struct key,   Key >::value && 
                                  std::is_constructible<struct value, Value>::value
-                >::type = 0*/) : value_(((struct key)(kv.first)).string() + equality_sign + ((struct value)(kv.second)).string())
+                >::type = 0*/) : value_(((struct key)(kv.first)).basic_string<char_type, traits_type>() + equality_sign 
+                                      + ((struct value)(kv.second)).basic_string<char_type, traits_type>())
     {}
 
     key_value_pair(const typename conditional<is_same<value_type, char>::value, wchar_t, char>::type  * raw)
@@ -1045,6 +1046,7 @@ struct key_value_pair
 
     operator string_type() const {return native();}
     operator string_view_type() const {return native_view();}
+    operator typename string_view_type::string_view_type() const {return native_view();}
     operator key_value_pair_view() const {return native_view();}
 
     int compare( const key_value_pair& p ) const noexcept 
@@ -1432,8 +1434,9 @@ auto find_key(Environment & env, key_view ky)
 template<typename Environment = current_view>
 inline filesystem::path home(Environment && env = current())
 {
-#if defined(ASIO_WINDOWS)
-  return detail::find_key(env, L"HOMEDRIVE") + detail::find_key(env, L"HOMEPATH").native_string();
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_WINDOWS)
+  return detail::find_key(env, L"HOMEDRIVE").native_string() 
+       + detail::find_key(env, L"HOMEPATH").native_string();
 #else
   return detail::find_key(env, "HOME").native_string();
 #endif
@@ -1468,7 +1471,7 @@ inline BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::filesystem::path find_executable(
         // first check if it has the extension already
         BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::filesystem::path full_nm(name);
         BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::filesystem::path pp(pp_view.begin(), pp_view.end());
-        auto p = pp / nm;
+        auto p = pp / full_nm;
         error_code ec;
 
         if (detail::is_executable(p, ec) && !ec)
@@ -1695,67 +1698,52 @@ struct process_environment
 
 
   template<typename Args>
-  void build_env(Args && args, string_view rs)
+  static
+  std::vector<wchar_t> build_env(Args && args,
+                                      typename std::enable_if<
+                                              std::is_convertible<
+                                                      decltype(*std::begin(std::declval<Args>())),
+                                                      wcstring_ref>::value>::type * = nullptr)
   {
-    std::size_t length = 0u;
-    for (string_view v : args)
-      length += detail::size_as_wide(v.data(), v.size(), ec) + 1u;
+    std::vector<wchar_t> res;
+    std::size_t sz = 1;
+    for (wcstring_ref cs : std::forward<Args>(args))
+        sz =+ cs.size() + 1;
+    res.reserve(sz);
+    
+    for (wcstring_ref cs : std::forward<Args>(args))
+        res.insert(res.end(), cs.begin(), std::next(cs.end()));
+        
 
-    if (ec)
-        return;
-    length ++ ;
-
-    unicode_env.resize(length);
-
-    auto itr = &unicode_env.front();
-    for (string_view v : args)
-    {
-        itr += detail::convert_to_wide(
-                        v.data(), v.size(), 
-                        itr, &unicode_env.back() - itr, 
-                        ec);
-      if (ec)
-        break;
-      *(itr++) = '\0';
-    }
-    unicode_env.back() = '\0';
-  }
-  template<typename Args>
-  void build_env(Args && args, wstring_view rs)
-  {
-    std::size_t length = 0u;
-    for (const auto & v : std::forward<Args>(args))
-      length += v.size() + 1u;
- 
-    length ++ ;
-
-    unicode_env.resize(length);
-
-    auto itr = unicode_env.begin();
-    for (wstring_view v : args )
-    {
-      itr = std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), itr);
-      *(itr++) = L'\0';
-    }
-    unicode_env.back() = L'\0';
+    res.push_back(L'\0');
+    return res;
   }
 
+  template<typename Args>
+  std::vector<wchar_t> build_env(Args && args,
+                                      typename std::enable_if<
+                                              !std::is_convertible<
+                                                      decltype(*std::begin(std::declval<Args>())),
+                                                      wcstring_ref>::value>::type * = nullptr)
+  {
+    for (auto && arg: std::forward<Args>(args))
+      env_buffer.emplace_back(arg);
+    return build_env(env_buffer);
+  }
 
-  process_environment(std::initializer_list<string_view> sv)  { build_env(sv,  ""); }
-  process_environment(std::initializer_list<wstring_view> sv) { build_env(sv, L""); }
+  process_environment(std::initializer_list<string_view> sv)  : unicode_env{build_env(sv,  "")} {}
+  process_environment(std::initializer_list<wstring_view> sv) : unicode_env{build_env(sv, L"")} {}
 
   template<typename Args>
-  process_environment(Args && args)
+  process_environment(Args && args) : unicode_env{build_env(std::forward<Args>(args))}
   {
-    if (std::begin(args) != std::end(args))
-      build_env(std::forward<Args>(args), *std::begin(args));
   }
 
   error_code error() {return ec;}
   error_code ec;
+  std::vector<environment::key_value_pair> env_buffer;
   std::vector<wchar_t> unicode_env;
 
-
   error_code on_setup(windows::default_launcher & launcher,
                       const filesystem::path &, const std::wstring &);
 

include/boost/process/v2/exit_code.hpp

@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@
 #define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_EXIT_CODE_HPP
 
 #include <boost/process/v2/detail/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/error.hpp>
+
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_STANDALONE)
+#include <asio/associator.hpp>
+#include <asio/async_result.hpp>
+#else
+#include <boost/asio/associator.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/async_result.hpp>
+#endif 
 
 #if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_POSIX)
 #include <sys/wait.h>
@@ -85,6 +94,157 @@ inline int evaluate_exit_code(int code)
 
 #endif
 
+
+/** Convert the exit-code in a completion into an error if the actual error isn't set.
+ * @code {.cpp}
+ * process proc{ctx, "exit", {"1"}};
+ * 
+ * proc.async_wait(code_as_error(
+ *    [](error_code ec)
+ *    {
+ *      assert(ec.value() == 10);
+ *      assert(ec.category() == error::get_exit_code_category());
+ *    }));
+ * 
+ * @endcode
+ */ 
+template<typename CompletionToken>
+struct code_as_error_t
+{
+    CompletionToken token_;
+    const error_category & category;
+
+    template<typename Token_>
+    code_as_error_t(Token_ && token, const error_category & category)
+        : token_(std::forward<Token_>(token)), category(category)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+/// Deduction function for code_as_error_t.
+template<typename CompletionToken>
+code_as_error_t<CompletionToken> code_as_error(
+        CompletionToken && token, 
+        const error_category & category = error::get_exit_code_category())
+{
+  return code_as_error_t<typename std::decay<CompletionToken>::type>(
+      std::forward<CompletionToken>(token), category);
+};
+
+namespace detail
+{
+
+template<typename Handler>
+struct code_as_error_handler
+{
+  typedef void result_type;
+
+  template<typename H>
+  code_as_error_handler(H && h, const error_category & category) 
+      : handler_(std::forward<H>(h)), category(category) 
+  {
+  }
+
+  void operator()(error_code ec, native_exit_code_type code)
+  {
+    if (!ec)
+      ec.assign(code, category);
+    std::move(handler_)(ec);
+  }
+
+
+  Handler handler_;
+  const error_category & category;
+};
+
+}
+
+
 BOOST_PROCESS_V2_END_NAMESPACE
 
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_STANDALONE)
+namespace boost
+{
+#endif
+namespace asio
+{
+
+template <typename CompletionToken>
+struct async_result<
+    BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::code_as_error_t<CompletionToken>,
+      void(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::error_code,
+           BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::native_exit_code_type)>
+{
+  using signature = void(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::error_code);
+  using return_type = typename async_result<CompletionToken, void(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::error_code)>::return_type;
+  
+
+  template <typename Initiation>
+  struct init_wrapper
+  {
+    init_wrapper(Initiation init)
+      : initiation_(std::move(init))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Handler, typename... Args>
+    void operator()(
+        Handler && handler,
+        const BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::error_category & cat,
+        Args && ... args)
+    {
+          std::move(initiation_)(
+            BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::detail::code_as_error_handler<typename decay<Handler>::type>(
+              std::forward<Handler>(handler), cat),
+              std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    Initiation initiation_;
+
+  };
+
+  template <typename Initiation, typename RawCompletionToken, typename... Args>
+  static BOOST_PROCESS_V2_INITFN_DEDUCED_RESULT_TYPE(CompletionToken, signature,
+      (async_initiate<CompletionToken, signature>(
+        declval<init_wrapper<typename decay<Initiation>::type> >(),
+        declval<CompletionToken&>(),
+        declval<BOOST_ASIO_MOVE_ARG(Args)>()...)))
+  initiate(
+      Initiation && initiation,
+      RawCompletionToken && token,
+      Args &&... args)
+  {
+    return async_initiate<CompletionToken, signature>(
+        init_wrapper<typename decay<Initiation>::type>(
+          std::forward<Initiation>(initiation)),
+          token.token_,
+          token.category,
+          std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+};
+
+
+
+
+template<template <typename, typename> class Associator, typename Handler, typename DefaultCandidate>
+struct associator<Associator,
+    BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::detail::code_as_error_handler<Handler>, DefaultCandidate>
+  : Associator<Handler, DefaultCandidate>
+{
+  static typename Associator<Handler, DefaultCandidate>::type get(
+      const BOOST_PROCESS_V2_NAMESPACE::detail::code_as_error_handler<Handler> & h,
+      const DefaultCandidate& c = DefaultCandidate()) noexcept
+  {
+    return Associator<Handler, DefaultCandidate>::get(h.handler_, c);
+  }
+};
+
+
+}
+#if !defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_STANDALONE)
+} // boost
+#endif
+
+
 #endif //BOOST_PROCESS_V2_EXIT_CODE_HPP

include/boost/process/v2/impl/shell.ipp

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Klemens D. Morgenstern
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+#ifndef BOOST_PROCESS_V2_IMPL_SHELL_IPP
+#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_IMPL_SHELL_IPP
+
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/last_error.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/throw_error.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/error.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/shell.hpp>
+
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_WINDOWS)
+#include <shellapi.h>
+#else
+#include <wordexp.h>
+#endif
+
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_WINDOWS)
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DECL const error_category& get_shell_category()
+{
+    return system_category();
+}
+#else
+
+struct shell_category_t final : public error_category
+{
+    shell_category_t() : error_category(0xDAF1u) {}
+
+    const char* name() const noexcept
+    {
+        return "process.v2.utf8";
+    }
+    std::string message(int value) const
+    {
+        switch (value)
+        {
+        case WRDE_BADCHAR:
+            return "Illegal occurrence of newline or one of |, &, ;, <, >, (, ), {, }.";
+        case WRDE_BADVAL:
+            return "An undefined shell variable was referenced, and the WRDE_UNDEF flag told us to consider this an error.";
+        case WRDE_CMDSUB:
+            return "Command substitution occurred, and the WRDE_NOCMD flag told us to consider this an error.";
+        case WRDE_NOSPACE:
+            return "Out of memory.";
+        case WRDE_SYNTAX:
+            return "Shell syntax error, such as unbalanced parentheses or unmatched quotes.";
+        default:
+            return "process.v2.wordexp error";
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DECL const error_category& get_shell_category()
+{
+    static shell_category_t instance;
+    return instance;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined (BOOST_PROCESS_V2_WINDOWS)
+
+void shell::parse_()
+{
+    argv_ = ::CommandLineToArgvW(input_.c_str(), &argc_);
+    if (argv_ == nullptr)
+        detail::throw_last_error();
+}
+
+shell::~shell()
+{
+    if (argv_ != nullptr)
+        LocalFree(argv_);
+}
+
+auto shell::args() const-> args_type
+{
+    return input_.c_str();
+}
+
+#else
+
+void shell::parse_()
+{
+    wordexp_t we{};
+    auto cd = wordexp(input_.c_str(), &we, WRDE_NOCMD);
+
+    if (cd != 0)
+        detail::throw_error(error_code(cd, get_shell_category()), "shell::parse");
+    else
+    {
+        argc_ = static_cast<int>(we.we_wordc);
+        argv_ = we.we_wordv;
+        reserved_ = static_cast<int>(we.we_offs); 
+    }
+}
+
+shell::~shell()
+{
+    if (argv_ != nullptr)
+    {
+        wordexp_t we{
+            .we_wordc = static_cast<std::size_t>(argc_),
+            .we_wordv = argv_,
+            .we_offs = static_cast<std::size_t>(reserved_)
+        };
+        wordfree(&we);
+    }
+}
+
+auto shell::args() const -> args_type
+{
+    if (argc() == 0)
+    {
+        static const char * helper = nullptr;
+        return &helper;
+    }
+    else
+        return const_cast<const char**>(argv());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif //BOOST_PROCESS_V2_IMPL_SHELL_IPP

include/boost/process/v2/popen.hpp

@@ -74,8 +74,6 @@ struct basic_popen : basic_process<Executor>
     {
     }
 
-
-
     /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
     template<typename ... Inits>
     explicit basic_popen(
@@ -85,30 +83,66 @@ struct basic_popen : basic_process<Executor>
             Inits&&... inits)
             : basic_process<Executor>(executor)
     {
-        *static_cast<basic_process<Executor>*>(this) =
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
             default_process_launcher()(
                     this->get_executor(), exe, args,
                     std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
                     process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
-                    );
+                    ));
+    }
 
+    /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
+    template<typename Launcher, typename ... Inits>
+    explicit basic_popen(
+            Launcher && launcher,
+            executor_type executor,
+            const filesystem::path& exe,
+            std::initializer_list<string_view> args,
+            Inits&&... inits)
+            : basic_process<Executor>(executor)
+    {
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
+            std::forward<Launcher>(launcher)(
+                    this->get_executor(), exe, args,
+                    std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
+                    process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
+                    ));
     }
 
     /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
     template<typename ... Inits>
     explicit basic_popen(
             executor_type executor,
-    const filesystem::path& exe,
+            const filesystem::path& exe,
             std::initializer_list<wstring_view> args,
             Inits&&... inits)
             : basic_process<Executor>(executor)
     {
-        *static_cast<basic_process<Executor>*>(this) =
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
                 default_process_launcher()(
                         this->get_executor(), exe, args,
                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
                         process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
-                );
+                ));
+    }
+
+
+    /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
+    template<typename Launcher, typename ... Inits>
+    explicit basic_popen(
+            Launcher && launcher, 
+            executor_type executor,
+            const filesystem::path& exe,
+            std::initializer_list<wstring_view> args,
+            Inits&&... inits)
+            : basic_process<Executor>(executor)
+    {
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
+                std::forward<Launcher>(launcher)(
+                        this->get_executor(), exe, args,
+                        std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
+                        process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
+                ));
     }
 
     /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
@@ -119,53 +153,112 @@ struct basic_popen : basic_process<Executor>
             Args&& args, Inits&&... inits)
             : basic_process<Executor>(executor)
     {
-        *static_cast<basic_process<Executor>*>(this) =
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
                 default_process_launcher()(
                         std::move(executor), exe, args,
                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
                         process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
-                );
+                ));
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
+    template<typename Launcher, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    explicit basic_popen(
+            Launcher && launcher, 
+            executor_type executor,
+            const filesystem::path& exe,
+            Args&& args, Inits&&... inits)
+            : basic_process<Executor>(executor)
+    {
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
+                std::forward<Launcher>(launcher)(
+                        std::move(executor), exe, args,
+                        std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
+                        process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
+                ));
     }
 
     /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
     template<typename ExecutionContext, typename ... Inits>
     explicit basic_popen(
             ExecutionContext & context,
-    typename std::enable_if<
-            std::is_convertible<ExecutionContext&,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                std::is_convertible<ExecutionContext&,
                     BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
             const filesystem::path&>::type exe,
             std::initializer_list<string_view> args,
-    Inits&&... inits)
+            Inits&&... inits)
             : basic_process<Executor>(context)
     {
-        *static_cast<basic_process<Executor>*>(this) =
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
                 default_process_launcher()(
                         this->get_executor(), exe, args,
                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
                         process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
-                );
+                ));
+    }
+
+        /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
+    template<typename Launcher, typename ExecutionContext, typename ... Inits>
+    explicit basic_popen(
+            Launcher && launcher, 
+            ExecutionContext & context,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                std::is_convertible<ExecutionContext&,
+                    BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
+            const filesystem::path&>::type exe,
+            std::initializer_list<string_view> args,
+            Inits&&... inits)
+            : basic_process<Executor>(context)
+    {
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
+                std::forward<Launcher>(launcher)(
+                        this->get_executor(), exe, args,
+                        std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
+                        process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
+                ));
     }
 
     /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
     template<typename ExecutionContext, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
     explicit basic_popen(
             ExecutionContext & context,
-    typename std::enable_if<
-            std::is_convertible<ExecutionContext&,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                std::is_convertible<ExecutionContext&,
                     BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
             const filesystem::path&>::type exe,
             Args&& args, Inits&&... inits)
             : basic_process<Executor>(context)
     {
-        *static_cast<basic_process<Executor>*>(this) =
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
                 default_process_launcher()(
                         this->get_executor(), exe, args,
                         std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
                         process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
-                );
+                ));
     }
 
+        /// Construct a child from a property list and launch it using the default process launcher.
+    template<typename Launcher, typename ExecutionContext, typename Args, typename ... Inits>
+    explicit basic_popen(
+            Launcher && launcher, 
+            ExecutionContext & context,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                std::is_convertible<ExecutionContext&,
+                    BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value,
+            const filesystem::path&>::type exe,
+            Args&& args, Inits&&... inits)
+            : basic_process<Executor>(context)
+    {
+        this->basic_process<Executor>::operator=(
+                std::forward<Launcher>(launcher)(
+                        this->get_executor(), exe, args,
+                        std::forward<Inits>(inits)...,
+                        process_stdio{stdin_, stdout_}
+                ));
+    }
+
+
     /// The type used for stdin on the parent process side.
     using stdin_type = BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::basic_writable_pipe<Executor>;
     /// The type used for stdout on the parent process side.

include/boost/process/v2/posix/bind_fd.hpp

@@ -91,13 +91,16 @@ struct bind_fd
     {
     }
 
+    error_code on_setup(posix::default_launcher & launcher, const filesystem::path &, const char * const *)
+    {
+        launcher.fd_whitelist.push_back(target);
+    }
+
     /// Implementation of the initialization function.
     error_code on_exec_setup(posix::default_launcher & launcher, const filesystem::path &, const char * const *)
     {
         if (::dup2(fd, target) == -1)
             return error_code(errno, system_category());
-        
-        launcher.fd_whitelist.push_back(target);
         return error_code ();
     }
 };

include/boost/process/v2/posix/default_launcher.hpp

@@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ struct default_launcher
                 detail::on_error(*this, executable, argv, ec, inits...);
                 return basic_process<Executor>(exec);
             }
+            fd_whitelist.push_back(pg.p[1]);
 
             auto & ctx = BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::query(
                     exec, BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution::context);
@@ -399,7 +400,6 @@ struct default_launcher
                 ec = detail::on_exec_setup(*this, executable, argv, inits...);
                 if (!ec)
                 {
-                    fd_whitelist.push_back(pg.p[1]);
                     close_all_fds(ec);
                 }                
                 if (!ec)
@@ -485,6 +485,11 @@ struct default_launcher
         return argv_.data();
     }
 
+    const char * const * build_argv_(const filesystem::path &, const char ** argv)
+    {
+        return argv;
+    }
+
     template<typename Args>
     const char * const *  build_argv_(const filesystem::path & pt, const Args & args,
                                       typename std::enable_if<

include/boost/process/v2/posix/pdfork_launcher.hpp

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ struct pdfork_launcher : default_launcher
                 detail::on_error(*this, executable, argv, ec, inits...);
                 return basic_process<Executor>(exec);
             }
+            fd_whitelist.push_back(pg.p[1]);
 
             auto & ctx = BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::query(
                     exec, BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution::context);
@@ -121,7 +122,6 @@ struct pdfork_launcher : default_launcher
                 ec = detail::on_exec_setup(*this, executable, argv, inits...);
                 if (!ec)
                 {
-                    fd_whitelist.push_back(pg.p[1]);
                     close_all_fds(ec);
                 }                
                 if (!ec)

include/boost/process/v2/process.hpp

@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@
 
 #if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_STANDALONE)
 #include <asio/any_io_executor.hpp>
+#include <asio/post.hpp>
 #include <utility>
 #else
 #include <boost/asio/any_io_executor.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/post.hpp>
 #include <boost/core/exchange.hpp>
 #endif
 
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ struct basic_process
                          typename std::enable_if<
                             std::is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, 
                                 BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value, void *>::type = nullptr)
-      : process_handle_(context, pid, native_handle) {}
+      : process_handle_(context.get_executor(), pid, native_handle) {}
 
   /// Create an invalid handle
   template <typename ExecutionContext>
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ struct basic_process
                          typename std::enable_if<
                              is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, 
                                 BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::execution_context&>::value, void *>::type = nullptr)
-     : process_handle_(context) {}
+     : process_handle_(context.get_executor()) {}
 
 
 
@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ private:
         };
 
         BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::post(handle.get_executor(),
-                                              completer{res, std::move(self)});
+                                              completer{static_cast<int>(res), std::move(self)});
       }
       else
         handle.async_wait(std::move(self));

include/boost/process/v2/shell.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Klemens D. Morgenstern
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+#ifndef BOOST_PROCESS_V2_SHELL_HPP
+#define BOOST_PROCESS_V2_SHELL_HPP
+
+#include <boost/core/exchange.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/cstring_ref.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/utf8.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/detail/throw_error.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/environment.hpp>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+/// Error category used by the shell parser.
+extern BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DECL const error_category& get_shell_category();
+static const error_category& shell_category = get_shell_category();
+
+/// Utility to parse commands 
+/** This utility class parses command lines into tokens
+ * and allows users to executed based on textual inputs.
+ * 
+ * In v1, this was possible directly when starting a process,
+ * but has been removed based on the security risks associated with this.
+ * 
+ * By making the shell parsing explicity, it is encouraged
+ * that a user runs a sanity check on the executable before launching it.
+ * 
+ * @par Example
+ * @code {.cpp}
+ * asio::io_context ctx;
+ * 
+ * auto cmd = shell("my-app --help");
+ * auto exe = cmd.exe();
+ * check_if_malicious(exe);
+ * 
+ * process proc{ctx, exe, cmd.args()};
+ * 
+ * @endcode
+ * 
+ * 
+ */
+struct shell
+{    
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_WINDOWS)
+    using char_type = wchar_t; 
+    using args_type = const wchar_t *;
+#else
+    using char_type = char;
+    using args_type = const char **;
+#endif
+
+    shell() = default;
+
+    template<typename Char, typename Traits>
+    shell(basic_string_view<Char, Traits> input) 
+        : buffer_(detail::conv_string<char_type>(input.data(), input.size())) 
+    {
+        parse_();
+    }
+
+    shell(basic_cstring_ref<char_type> input) : input_(input) {parse_();}
+    shell(basic_string_view<
+                    typename std::conditional<
+                        std::is_same<char_type, char>::value,
+                        wchar_t, char>::type> input) : buffer_(detail::conv_string<char_type>(input.data(), input.size())) 
+    {
+        parse_();
+    }
+
+    shell(const shell &) = delete;
+    shell& operator=(const shell &) = delete;
+
+    shell(shell && lhs) noexcept 
+        : buffer_(std::move(lhs.buffer_)),
+          input_(std::move(lhs.input_)),
+          argc_(boost::exchange(lhs.argc_, 0)),
+          argv_(boost::exchange(lhs.argv_, nullptr)),
+          reserved_(boost::exchange(lhs.reserved_, 0))  
+    {
+    }
+    shell& operator=(shell && lhs) noexcept
+    {
+        shell tmp(std::move(*this));
+        buffer_ = std::move(lhs.buffer_);
+        input_ = std::move(lhs.input_);
+        argc_  = boost::exchange(lhs.argc_, 0);
+        argv_ = boost::exchange(lhs.argv_, nullptr);
+        reserved_ = boost::exchange(lhs.reserved_, 0);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // the length of the parsed shell, including the executable
+    int argc() const { return argc_; }
+    char_type** argv() const { return argv_; }
+        
+    char_type** begin() const {return argv();}
+    char_type** end()   const {return argv() + argc();}
+
+    bool empty() const {return argc() == 0;}
+    std::size_t size() const {return static_cast<std::size_t>(argc()); }
+    /// Native representation of the arguments to be used - excluding the executable
+    BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DECL args_type args() const;
+    template<typename Environment = environment::current_view>
+    filesystem::path exe(Environment && env = environment::current()) const
+    {
+        if (argc() == 0)
+            return "";
+        else
+            return environment::find_executable(0[argv()], std::forward<Environment>(env)); 
+    }
+    BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DECL ~shell();
+
+  private:
+    BOOST_PROCESS_V2_DECL void parse_();
+    
+    // storage in case we need a conversion
+    std::basic_string<char_type> buffer_;
+    basic_cstring_ref<char_type> input_{buffer_}; 
+    // impl details
+    int argc_ = 0;
+    char_type  ** argv_ = nullptr;
+    int reserved_ = 0;
+    
+};
+
+BOOST_PROCESS_V2_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_HEADER_ONLY)
+
+#include <boost/process/v2/impl/shell.ipp>
+
+#endif
+
+#endif //BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ERROR_HPP

include/boost/process/v2/src.hpp

@@ -22,5 +22,6 @@
 #include <boost/process/v2/impl/default_launcher.ipp>
 #include <boost/process/v2/impl/environment.ipp>
 #include <boost/process/v2/impl/process_handle.ipp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/impl/shell.ipp>
 
 #endif //BOOST_PROCESS_V2_SRC_HPP

include/boost/process/v2/stdio.hpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/process/v2/detail/config.hpp>
 #include <boost/process/v2/default_launcher.hpp>
-
+#include <cstddef>
 #if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_STANDALONE)
 #include <asio/connect_pipe.hpp>
 #else
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ struct handle_closer
   DWORD flags{0xFFFFFFFFu};
 };
 
-template<DWORD Io>
+template<DWORD Target>
 struct process_io_binding
 {
   HANDLE prepare()
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ struct process_io_binding
     return hh;
   }
 
-  std::unique_ptr<void, handle_closer> h{::GetStdHandle(Io), false};
+  std::unique_ptr<void, handle_closer> h{::GetStdHandle(Target), false};
 
   static DWORD get_flags(HANDLE h)
   {
@@ -82,10 +82,11 @@ struct process_io_binding
   process_io_binding(FILE * f) : process_io_binding(_get_osfhandle(_fileno(f))) {}
   process_io_binding(HANDLE h) : h{h, get_flags(h)} {}
   process_io_binding(std::nullptr_t) : process_io_binding(filesystem::path("NUL")) {}
-  process_io_binding(const filesystem::path & pth)
+  template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<T, filesystem::path>::value>::type>
+  process_io_binding(const T & pth)
     : h(::CreateFileW(
         pth.c_str(),
-        Io == STD_INPUT_HANDLE ? GENERIC_READ : GENERIC_WRITE,
+        Target == STD_INPUT_HANDLE ? GENERIC_READ : GENERIC_WRITE,
         FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
         nullptr,
         OPEN_ALWAYS,
@@ -101,11 +102,13 @@ struct process_io_binding
                      typename std::enable_if<Target != STD_INPUT_HANDLE, Executor*>::type = 0)
   {
     BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::detail::native_pipe_handle p[2];
+    error_code ec;
     BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::detail::create_pipe(p, ec);
     if (ec)
-      return ;
+      detail::throw_error(ec, "create_pipe");
+      
     h = std::unique_ptr<void, handle_closer>{p[1], true};
-    readable_pipe.assign(p[0], ec);
+    readable_pipe.assign(p[0]);
   }
 
 
@@ -114,11 +117,13 @@ struct process_io_binding
                      typename std::enable_if<Target == STD_INPUT_HANDLE, Executor*>::type = 0)
   {
     BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::detail::native_pipe_handle p[2];
+    error_code ec;
     BOOST_PROCESS_V2_ASIO_NAMESPACE::detail::create_pipe(p, ec);
     if (ec)
-      return ;
+      detail::throw_error(ec, "create_pipe");
+
     h = std::unique_ptr<void, handle_closer>{p[0], true};
-    writable_pipe.assign(p[1], ec);
+    writable_pipe.assign(p[1]);
   }
 };
 
@@ -289,11 +294,6 @@ struct process_stdio
     if (::dup2(err.fd, err.target) == -1)
       return error_code(errno, system_category());
 
-        
-    launcher.fd_whitelist.push_back(STDIN_FILENO);
-    launcher.fd_whitelist.push_back(STDOUT_FILENO);
-    launcher.fd_whitelist.push_back(STDERR_FILENO);
-
     return error_code {};
   };
 #endif

include/boost/process/v2/windows/default_launcher.hpp

@@ -398,6 +398,11 @@ struct default_launcher
     return build_command_line_impl(pt, args, *std::begin(args));
   }
 
+  static std::wstring build_command_line(const filesystem::path & pt, const wchar_t * args)
+  {
+    return args;
+  }
+
 };
 
 

test/error.cpp

@@ -113,3 +113,17 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(ignore_error)
         BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(bp::child c("doesnt-exit", bp::ignore_error));
     }
 }
+
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(not_found)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        bp::child c("doesnt-exit");
+        BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "Should throw");
+    }
+    catch( bp::process_error & se)
+    {
+        BOOST_CHECK(se.code());
+    }
+}

test/limit_fd.cpp

@@ -40,12 +40,19 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(leak_test, *boost::unit_test::timeout(5))
 {
     using boost::unit_test::framework::master_test_suite;
 
+    
+
 #if defined(BOOST_WINDOWS_API)
     const auto get_handle       = [](FILE * f)                       {return reinterpret_cast<bt::native_handle_type>(_get_osfhandle(_fileno(f)));};
     const auto socket_to_handle = [](::boost::winapi::UINT_PTR_ sock){return reinterpret_cast<::boost::winapi::HANDLE_>(sock);};
 #else
     const auto get_handle = [](FILE * f) {return fileno(f);};
     const auto socket_to_handle = [](int i){ return i;};
+
+#if !defined(__linux__)
+    return ;
+#endif
+
 #endif
 
     std::error_code ec;

test/v2/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ add_library(boost_process_v2_test_impl test_impl.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(boost_process_v2_test_impl Boost::process Boost::unit_test_framework Boost::process)
 target_compile_definitions(boost_process_v2_test_impl PUBLIC -DBOOST_PROCESS_V2_SEPARATE_COMPILATION=1)
 
+if (WIN32)
+    target_compile_definitions(boost_process_v2_test_impl PUBLIC WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN=1)
+endif()
 
 function(boost_process_v2_standalone_test name)
     add_executable(boost_process_v2_${name} ${name}.cpp)
@@ -15,6 +18,7 @@ boost_process_v2_standalone_test(utf8)
 boost_process_v2_standalone_test(cstring_ref)
 boost_process_v2_standalone_test(pid)
 boost_process_v2_standalone_test(environment)
+boost_process_v2_standalone_test(shell)
 
 add_library(boost_process_v2_header_test header_1.cpp header_2.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(boost_process_v2_header_test PUBLIC Boost::process)

test/v2/Jamfile.jam

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ test-suite standalone :
     [ run cstring_ref.cpp test_impl ]
     [ run environment.cpp test_impl ]
     [ run pid.cpp test_impl ]
+    [ run shell.cpp test_impl ]
     ;
 
 test-suite with_target :

test/v2/environment.cpp

@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(environment)
 #else
     std::unordered_map<std::wstring, std::wstring> custom_env = 
         {
-            L"HOME", L"/home/byzantium",
-            L"HOMEDRIVE", L"X:",
-            L"HOMEPATH", L"\\users\\theodora"
+            {L"HOME", L"/home/byzantium"},
+            {L"HOMEDRIVE", L"X:"},
+            {L"HOMEPATH", L"\\users\\theodora"}
         };
 
     std::vector<std::wstring> custom_env2 = 
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(environment)
             {L"HOMEDRIVE=X:"},
             {L"HOMEPATH=\\users\\theodora"}
         };
-    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(bpe::home(custom_env), L"X:\\Users\\theodora");
-    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(bpe::home(custom_env2), L"X:\\Users\\theodora");
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(bpe::home(custom_env), "X:\\users\\theodora");
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(bpe::home(custom_env2), "X:\\users\\theodora");
 
 #endif
 

test/v2/process.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <boost/process/v2/start_dir.hpp>
 #include <boost/process/v2/execute.hpp>
 #include <boost/process/v2/stdio.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/bind_launcher.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/io_context.hpp>
@@ -159,11 +160,17 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(request_exit)
 
   auto sh = closable();
   BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(!sh.empty(), sh);
-  bpv::process proc(ctx, sh, {}
+
+  asio::readable_pipe rp{ctx};
+  asio::writable_pipe wp{ctx};
+  asio::connect_pipe(rp, wp);
+
+  bpv::process proc(ctx, sh, {}, bpv::process_stdio{wp}
 #if defined(ASIO_WINDOWS)
     , asio::windows::show_window_minimized_not_active
 #endif
     );
+  BOOST_CHECK(proc.running());
   std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(250));
   proc.request_exit();
   proc.wait();
@@ -188,6 +195,8 @@ void trim_end(std::string & str)
 {
     auto itr = std::find_if(str.rbegin(), str.rend(), &std::char_traits<char>::not_eof);
     str.erase(itr.base(), str.end());
+    if (!str.empty() && str.back() == '\r')
+      str.pop_back();
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(print_args_out)
@@ -354,18 +363,18 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(popen)
 
 
     // default CWD
-    bpv::popen proc(ctx, pth, {"echo"});
+    bpv::popen proc(/*bpv::default_process_launcher(), */ctx, pth, {"echo"});
 
     asio::write(proc, asio::buffer("FOOBAR"));
-
     proc.get_stdin().close();
 
     std::string res;
     boost::system::error_code ec;
     std::size_t n = asio::read(proc, asio::dynamic_buffer(res), ec);
-    res.resize(n - 1);
-    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ec, asio::error::eof);
+    BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(ec == asio::error::eof || ec == asio::error::broken_pipe, ec.message());
+    BOOST_REQUIRE_GE(n, 1u);
     // remove EOF
+    res.pop_back();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(res, "FOOBAR");
 
     proc.wait();
@@ -429,7 +438,7 @@ std::string read_env(const char * name, Inits && ... inits)
   BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE((ec == asio::error::broken_pipe) || (ec == asio::error::eof), ec.message());
   out.resize(sz);
   trim_end(out);
-  printf("Read env (%ld) %s: '%s'\n", sz, name, out.c_str());
+  printf("Read env (%ld) %s: '%s'\n", static_cast<long>(sz), name, out.c_str());
 
   proc.wait();
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(proc.exit_code(), 0);
@@ -449,12 +458,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(environment)
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("FOO-BAR", read_env("FOOBAR", bpv::process_environment{sub_env}));
   
   sub_env.push_back("XYZ=ZYX");
-  auto itr = std::find_if(sub_env.begin(), sub_env.end(), [](const bpv::environment::key_value_pair & kv) {return kv.key() == "PATH";});
+  auto itr = std::find_if(sub_env.begin(), sub_env.end(), [](const bpv::environment::key_value_pair & kv) {return kv.key() == bpv::environment::key("PATH");});
   path += static_cast<char>(bpv::environment::delimiter);
   path += "/bar/foo";
   bpv::environment::value pval = itr->value();
   pval.push_back("/bar/foo");
-  *itr = bpv::environment::key_value_pair("PATH", pval);
+  *itr = bpv::environment::key_value_pair(bpv::environment::key("PATH"), pval);
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(path, read_env("PATH", bpv::process_environment{sub_env}));
 
 #if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_WINDOWS)
@@ -462,12 +471,70 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(environment)
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("FOO-BAR", read_env("FOOBAR", bpv::process_environment{L"FOOBAR=FOO-BAR", wpath.c_str()}));
   wpath += bpv::environment::delimiter;
   wpath += L"C:\\bar\\foo";
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(wpath.substr(5), read_env("pATH",   bpv::process_environment{wpath.c_str(), std::wstring(L"XYZ=ZYX")}));
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(
+    bpv::detail::conv_string<char>(wpath.c_str() + 5, wpath.size() - 5)
+    , read_env("pATH",   bpv::process_environment{wpath.c_str(), std::wstring(L"XYZ=ZYX")}));
 #endif
 
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(read_env("PATH", bpv::process_environment(bpv::environment::current())), ::getenv("PATH"));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(exit_code_as_error)
+{
+  using boost::unit_test::framework::master_test_suite;
+  const auto pth = bpv::filesystem::absolute(master_test_suite().argv[1]);
+
+  asio::io_context ctx;
+
+  bpv::process proc1(ctx, pth, {"exit-code", "0"});
+  bpv::process proc2(ctx, pth, {"exit-code", "2"});
+  bpv::process proc3(ctx, pth, {"sleep", "2000"});
+
+  int called = 0;
+  
+  proc3.terminate();
+
+  proc1.async_wait(bpv::code_as_error([&](bpv::error_code ec){called ++; BOOST_CHECK(!ec);}));
+  proc2.async_wait(bpv::code_as_error([&](bpv::error_code ec){called ++; BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(ec, ec.message());}));
+  proc3.async_wait(bpv::code_as_error([&](bpv::error_code ec){called ++; BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(ec, ec.message());}));
+
+  ctx.run();
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(called, 3);
+
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bind_launcher)
+{
+  using boost::unit_test::framework::master_test_suite;
+  const auto pth = bpv::filesystem::absolute(master_test_suite().argv[1]);
+
+  asio::io_context ctx;
+
+  asio::readable_pipe rp{ctx};
+  asio::writable_pipe wp{ctx};
+  asio::connect_pipe(rp, wp);
+
+  auto target = bpv::filesystem::canonical(bpv::filesystem::temp_directory_path());
+
+  auto l = bpv::bind_default_launcher(bpv::process_start_dir(target));
+
+  std::vector<std::string> args = {"print-cwd"};
+  // default CWD
+  bpv::process proc = l(ctx, pth, args, bpv::process_stdio{/*.in=*/{}, /*.out=*/wp});
+  wp.close();
+
+  std::string out;
+  bpv::error_code ec;
+
+  auto sz = asio::read(rp, asio::dynamic_buffer(out),  ec);
+  BOOST_CHECK(sz != 0);
+  BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE((ec == asio::error::broken_pipe) || (ec == asio::error::eof), ec.message());
+  BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(bpv::filesystem::path(out) == target,
+                      bpv::filesystem::path(out) << " != " << target);
+
+  proc.wait();
+  BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(proc.exit_code() == 0, proc.exit_code() << " from " << proc.native_exit_code());
+}
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END();
 

test/v2/shell.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Klemens D. Morgenstern
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// Disable autolinking for unit tests.
+#if !defined(BOOST_ALL_NO_LIB)
+#define BOOST_ALL_NO_LIB 1
+#endif // !defined(BOOST_ALL_NO_LIB)
+
+// Test that header file is self-contained.
+#include <boost/process/v2/shell.hpp>
+#include <boost/process/v2/process.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/io_context.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_WINDOWS)
+    #define STR(Value) L##Value
+    #define STR_VIEW(Value) boost::process::v2::wcstring_ref(STR(Value))
+#else
+    #define STR(Value) Value
+    #define STR_VIEW(Value) boost::process::v2::cstring_ref(STR(Value))
+#endif
+
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_shell_parser)
+{
+    using boost::process::v2::shell;
+    namespace bpv = boost::process::v2;
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_POSIX)
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(shell("foo \""), bpv::system_error);
+#endif
+
+    auto sh = shell(STR("foo bar \"foo bar\""));   
+    BOOST_CHECK(sh.argc() == 3u);
+    BOOST_CHECK(sh.argv()[0] == STR_VIEW("foo"));
+    BOOST_CHECK(sh.argv()[1] == STR_VIEW("bar"));
+    BOOST_CHECK(sh.argv()[2] == STR_VIEW("foo bar"));
+
+#if defined(BOOST_PROCESS_V2_POSIX)
+    auto raw_shell = "sh -c true";
+#else
+    auto raw_shell = "cmd /c exit 0";
+#endif
+    sh = shell(raw_shell);
+
+    auto exe = sh.exe();
+    BOOST_CHECK(bpv::filesystem::exists(exe));
+
+    boost::asio::io_context ctx;
+    bpv::process proc{ctx, exe, sh.args()};
+
+    proc.wait();
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(proc.exit_code(), 0);
+}

test/v2/windows.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(creation_flags)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(proc.wait() & ~EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT, 0);
 
     proc = bpv::process{ctx, master_test_suite().argv[1], {"creation-flags"}, bpv::windows::process_creation_flags<STARTF_TITLEISAPPID>()};
-    BOOST_CHECK(proc);
+    BOOST_CHECK(proc.running());
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(proc.wait() & ~EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT, STARTF_TITLEISAPPID);
 }