diff --git a/example/executor.cpp b/example/executor.cpp
index 7f6b1ce3..f8e9eb14 100644
--- a/example/executor.cpp
+++ b/example/executor.cpp
@@ -98,6 +98,10 @@ int test_executor_adaptor()
         submit_some(ea);
       }
       // std::cout << BOOST_CONTEXTOF << std::endl;
+      {
+        boost::loop_executor e1;
+        boost::loop_executor e2 = e1;
+      }
       {
         boost::executor_adaptor < boost::loop_executor > ea2;
         submit_some( ea2);
@@ -112,11 +116,19 @@ int test_executor_adaptor()
       }
 #endif
       // std::cout << BOOST_CONTEXTOF << std::endl;
+      {
+        boost::inline_executor e1;
+        boost::inline_executor e2 = e1;
+      }
       {
         boost::executor_adaptor < boost::inline_executor > ea1;
         submit_some(ea1);
       }
       // std::cout << BOOST_CONTEXTOF << std::endl;
+      {
+        boost::thread_executor e1;
+        boost::thread_executor e2 = e1;
+      }
       {
         boost::executor_adaptor < boost::thread_executor > ea1;
         submit_some(ea1);
diff --git a/include/boost/thread/executors/inline_executor.hpp b/include/boost/thread/executors/inline_executor.hpp
index 5dd52318..c975bd83 100644
--- a/include/boost/thread/executors/inline_executor.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/thread/executors/inline_executor.hpp
@@ -25,142 +25,227 @@ namespace executors
   public:
     /// type-erasure to store the works to do
     typedef  executors::work work;
-    bool closed_;
-    mutable mutex mtx_;
-    /**
-     * Effects: try to execute one task.
-     * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
-     * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
-     */
-    bool try_executing_one()
-    {
-      return false;
-    }
+  private:
 
+    struct shared_state {
+      typedef  executors::work work;
+
+      bool closed_;
+      mutable mutex mtx_;
+
+      /**
+       * Effects: try to execute one task.
+       * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
+       * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+       */
+      bool try_executing_one()
+      {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      /// shared_state is not copyable.
+      BOOST_THREAD_NO_COPYABLE(shared_state)
+
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: creates a inline executor that runs closures immediately.
+       *
+       * \b Throws: Nothing.
+       */
+      shared_state()
+      : closed_(false)
+      {
+      }
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: Destroys the inline executor.
+       *
+       * \b Synchronization: The completion of all the closures happen before the completion of the \c inline_executor destructor.
+       */
+      ~shared_state()
+      {
+        // signal to all the worker thread that there will be no more submissions.
+        close();
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: close the \c inline_executor for submissions.
+       * The loop will work until there is no more closures to run.
+       */
+      void close()
+      {
+        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+        closed_ = true;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Returns: whether the pool is closed for submissions.
+       */
+      bool closed(lock_guard<mutex>& )  const
+      {
+        return closed_;
+      }
+      bool closed() const
+      {
+        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+        return closed(lk);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Requires: \c Closure is a model of \c Callable(void()) and a model of \c CopyConstructible/MoveConstructible.
+       *
+       * \b Effects: The specified \c closure will be scheduled for execution at some point in the future.
+       * If invoked closure throws an exception the \c inline_executor will call \c std::terminate, as is the case with threads.
+       *
+       * \b Synchronization: completion of \c closure on a particular thread happens before destruction of thread's thread local variables.
+       *
+       * \b Throws: \c sync_queue_is_closed if the thread pool is closed.
+       * Whatever exception that can be throw while storing the closure.
+       */
+
+  #if defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
+      template <typename Closure>
+      void submit(Closure & closure)
+      {
+        {
+          lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+          if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
+        }
+        try
+        {
+          closure();
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+          std::terminate();
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+  #endif
+      void submit(void (*closure)())
+      {
+        {
+          lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+          if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
+        }
+        try
+        {
+          closure();
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+          std::terminate();
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      template <typename Closure>
+      void submit(BOOST_THREAD_FWD_REF(Closure) closure)
+      {
+        {
+          lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+          if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
+        }
+        try
+        {
+          closure();
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+          std::terminate();
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Requires: This must be called from an scheduled task.
+       *
+       * \b Effects: reschedule functions until pred()
+       */
+      template <typename Pred>
+      bool reschedule_until(Pred const& )
+      {
+        return false;
+      }
+  };
   public:
-    /// inline_executor is not copyable.
-    BOOST_THREAD_NO_COPYABLE(inline_executor)
+  /**
+   * \b Effects: creates a inline executor that runs closures immediately.
+   *
+   * \b Throws: Nothing.
+   */
+  inline_executor()
+  : pimpl(make_shared<shared_state>())
+  {
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * \b Effects: creates a inline executor that runs closures immediately.
-     *
-     * \b Throws: Nothing.
-     */
-    inline_executor()
-    : closed_(false)
-    {
-    }
-    /**
-     * \b Effects: Destroys the inline executor.
-     *
-     * \b Synchronization: The completion of all the closures happen before the completion of the \c inline_executor destructor.
-     */
-    ~inline_executor()
-    {
-      // signal to all the worker thread that there will be no more submissions.
-      close();
-    }
+  /**
+   * \b Effects: close the \c inline_executor for submissions.
+   * The loop will work until there is no more closures to run.
+   */
+  void close()
+  {
+    pimpl->close();
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * \b Effects: close the \c inline_executor for submissions.
-     * The loop will work until there is no more closures to run.
-     */
-    void close()
-    {
-      lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-      closed_ = true;
-    }
+  /**
+   * \b Returns: whether the executor is closed for submissions.
+   */
+  bool closed() const
+  {
+    return pimpl->closed();
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * \b Returns: whether the pool is closed for submissions.
-     */
-    bool closed(lock_guard<mutex>& )
-    {
-      return closed_;
-    }
-    bool closed()
-    {
-      lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-      return closed(lk);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * \b Requires: \c Closure is a model of \c Callable(void()) and a model of \c CopyConstructible/MoveConstructible.
-     *
-     * \b Effects: The specified \c closure will be scheduled for execution at some point in the future.
-     * If invoked closure throws an exception the \c inline_executor will call \c std::terminate, as is the case with threads.
-     *
-     * \b Synchronization: completion of \c closure on a particular thread happens before destruction of thread's thread local variables.
-     *
-     * \b Throws: \c sync_queue_is_closed if the thread pool is closed.
-     * Whatever exception that can be throw while storing the closure.
-     */
+  /**
+   * \b Requires: \c Closure is a model of \c Callable(void()) and a model of \c CopyConstructible/MoveConstructible.
+   *
+   * \b Effects: The specified \c closure will be scheduled for execution at some point in the future.
+   * If invoked closure throws an exception the \c inline_executor will call \c std::terminate, as is the case with threads.
+   *
+   * \b Synchronization: completion of \c closure on a particular thread happens before destruction of thread's thread local variables.
+   *
+   * \b Throws: \c sync_queue_is_closed if the thread pool is closed.
+   * Whatever exception that can be throw while storing the closure.
+   */
 
 #if defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
-    template <typename Closure>
-    void submit(Closure & closure)
-    {
-      {
-        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-        if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
-      }
-      try
-      {
-        closure();
-      }
-      catch (...)
-      {
-        std::terminate();
-        return;
-      }
-    }
+  template <typename Closure>
+  void submit(Closure & closure)
+  {
+    pimpl->submit(closure);
+  }
 #endif
-    void submit(void (*closure)())
-    {
-      {
-        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-        if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
-      }
-      try
-      {
-        closure();
-      }
-      catch (...)
-      {
-        std::terminate();
-        return;
-      }
-    }
+  void submit(void (*closure)())
+  {
+    pimpl->submit(closure);
+  }
 
-    template <typename Closure>
-    void submit(BOOST_THREAD_FWD_REF(Closure) closure)
-    {
-      {
-        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-        if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
-      }
-      try
-      {
-        closure();
-      }
-      catch (...)
-      {
-        std::terminate();
-        return;
-      }
-    }
+  template <typename Closure>
+  void submit(BOOST_THREAD_FWD_REF(Closure) closure)
+  {
+    pimpl->submit(boost::forward<Closure>(closure));
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * \b Requires: This must be called from an scheduled task.
-     *
-     * \b Effects: reschedule functions until pred()
-     */
-    template <typename Pred>
-    bool reschedule_until(Pred const& )
-    {
-      return false;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Effects: try to execute one task.
+   * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
+   * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+   */
+  bool try_executing_one()
+  {
+    return pimpl->try_executing_one();
+  }
 
+  /**
+   * \b Requires: This must be called from an scheduled task.
+   *
+   * \b Effects: reschedule functions until pred()
+   */
+  template <typename Pred>
+  bool reschedule_until(Pred const& p)
+  {
+    return pimpl->reschedule_until(p);
+  }
+  private:
+    shared_ptr<shared_state> pimpl;
   };
 }
 using executors::inline_executor;
diff --git a/include/boost/thread/executors/loop_executor.hpp b/include/boost/thread/executors/loop_executor.hpp
index e9eadadf..a8ca3758 100644
--- a/include/boost/thread/executors/loop_executor.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/thread/executors/loop_executor.hpp
@@ -30,59 +30,170 @@ namespace executors
     /// type-erasure to store the works to do
     typedef  executors::work work;
   private:
-    /// the thread safe work queue
-    concurrent::sync_queue<work > work_queue;
 
-  public:
-    /**
-     * Effects: try to execute one task.
-     * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
-     * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
-     */
-    bool try_executing_one()
-    {
-      work task;
-      try
+    struct shared_state {
+      typedef  executors::work work;
+      /// the thread safe work queue
+      concurrent::sync_queue<work > work_queue;
+
+      /**
+       * Effects: try to execute one task.
+       * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
+       * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+       */
+      bool try_executing_one()
       {
-        if (work_queue.try_pull(task) == queue_op_status::success)
+        work task;
+        try
         {
+          if (work_queue.try_pull(task) == queue_op_status::success)
+          {
+            task();
+            return true;
+          }
+          return false;
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+          std::terminate();
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * Effects: schedule one task or yields
+       * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+       */
+      void schedule_one_or_yield()
+      {
+          if ( ! try_executing_one())
+          {
+            this_thread::yield();
+          }
+      }
+
+      /// loop_executor is not copyable.
+      BOOST_THREAD_NO_COPYABLE(shared_state)
+
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: creates a thread pool that runs closures using one of its closure-executing methods.
+       *
+       * \b Throws: Whatever exception is thrown while initializing the needed resources.
+       */
+      shared_state()
+      {
+      }
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: Destroys the thread pool.
+       *
+       * \b Synchronization: The completion of all the closures happen before the completion of the \c loop_executor destructor.
+       */
+      ~shared_state()
+      {
+        // signal to all the worker thread that there will be no more submissions.
+        close();
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * The main loop of the worker thread
+       */
+      void loop()
+      {
+        while (!closed())
+        {
+          schedule_one_or_yield();
+        }
+        while (try_executing_one())
+        {
+        }
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: close the \c loop_executor for submissions.
+       * The loop will work until there is no more closures to run.
+       */
+      void close()
+      {
+        work_queue.close();
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Returns: whether the pool is closed for submissions.
+       */
+      bool closed()
+      {
+        return work_queue.closed();
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Requires: \c Closure is a model of \c Callable(void()) and a model of \c CopyConstructible/MoveConstructible.
+       *
+       * \b Effects: The specified \c closure will be scheduled for execution at some point in the future.
+       * If invoked closure throws an exception the \c loop_executor will call \c std::terminate, as is the case with threads.
+       *
+       * \b Synchronization: completion of \c closure on a particular thread happens before destruction of thread's thread local variables.
+       *
+       * \b Throws: \c sync_queue_is_closed if the thread pool is closed.
+       * Whatever exception that can be throw while storing the closure.
+       */
+
+  #if defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
+      template <typename Closure>
+      void submit(Closure & closure)
+      {
+        work_queue.push(work(closure));
+      }
+  #endif
+      void submit(void (*closure)())
+      {
+        work_queue.push(work(closure));
+      }
+
+      template <typename Closure>
+      void submit(BOOST_THREAD_RV_REF(Closure) closure)
+      {
+        work_queue.push(work(boost::forward<Closure>(closure)));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Requires: This must be called from an scheduled task.
+       *
+       * \b Effects: reschedule functions until pred()
+       */
+      template <typename Pred>
+      bool reschedule_until(Pred const& pred)
+      {
+        do {
+          if ( ! try_executing_one())
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } while (! pred());
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * run queued closures
+       */
+      void run_queued_closures()
+      {
+        sync_queue<work>::underlying_queue_type q = work_queue.underlying_queue();
+        while (! q.empty())
+        {
+          work& task = q.front();
           task();
-          return true;
+          q.pop_front();
         }
-        return false;
       }
-      catch (...)
-      {
-        std::terminate();
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-  private:
-    /**
-     * Effects: schedule one task or yields
-     * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
-     */
-    void schedule_one_or_yield()
-    {
-        if ( ! try_executing_one())
-        {
-          this_thread::yield();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
 
+    };
   public:
-    /// loop_executor is not copyable.
-    BOOST_THREAD_NO_COPYABLE(loop_executor)
-
     /**
      * \b Effects: creates a thread pool that runs closures using one of its closure-executing methods.
      *
      * \b Throws: Whatever exception is thrown while initializing the needed resources.
      */
     loop_executor()
+    : pimpl(make_shared<shared_state>())
     {
     }
     /**
@@ -92,22 +203,33 @@ namespace executors
      */
     ~loop_executor()
     {
-      // signal to all the worker thread that there will be no more submissions.
-      close();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Effects: try to execute one task.
+     * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
+     * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+     */
+    bool try_executing_one()
+    {
+      return pimpl->try_executing_one();
+    }
+//    /**
+//     * Effects: schedule one task or yields
+//     * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+//     */
+//    void schedule_one_or_yield()
+//    {
+//      return pimpl->schedule_one_or_yield();
+//    }
+
+
     /**
      * The main loop of the worker thread
      */
     void loop()
     {
-      while (!closed())
-      {
-        schedule_one_or_yield();
-      }
-      while (try_executing_one())
-      {
-      }
+      pimpl->loop();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -116,7 +238,7 @@ namespace executors
      */
     void close()
     {
-      work_queue.close();
+      pimpl->close();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -124,7 +246,7 @@ namespace executors
      */
     bool closed()
     {
-      return work_queue.closed();
+      return pimpl->closed();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -143,18 +265,18 @@ namespace executors
     template <typename Closure>
     void submit(Closure & closure)
     {
-      work_queue.push(work(closure));
+      pimpl->submit(closure);
     }
 #endif
     void submit(void (*closure)())
     {
-      work_queue.push(work(closure));
+      pimpl->submit(closure);
     }
 
     template <typename Closure>
     void submit(BOOST_THREAD_RV_REF(Closure) closure)
     {
-      work_queue.push(work(boost::forward<Closure>(closure)));
+      pimpl->submit(boost::forward<Closure>(closure));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -165,13 +287,7 @@ namespace executors
     template <typename Pred>
     bool reschedule_until(Pred const& pred)
     {
-      do {
-        if ( ! try_executing_one())
-        {
-          return false;
-        }
-      } while (! pred());
-      return true;
+      return pimpl->reschedule_until(pred);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -179,15 +295,10 @@ namespace executors
      */
     void run_queued_closures()
     {
-      sync_queue<work>::underlying_queue_type q = work_queue.underlying_queue();
-      while (! q.empty())
-      {
-        work& task = q.front();
-        task();
-        q.pop_front();
-      }
+      pimpl->run_queued_closures();
     }
-
+  private:
+    shared_ptr<shared_state> pimpl;
   };
 }
 using executors::loop_executor;
diff --git a/include/boost/thread/executors/thread_executor.hpp b/include/boost/thread/executors/thread_executor.hpp
index a8cd5c21..eb57adfa 100644
--- a/include/boost/thread/executors/thread_executor.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/thread/executors/thread_executor.hpp
@@ -29,33 +29,134 @@ namespace executors
   public:
     /// type-erasure to store the works to do
     typedef  executors::work work;
-    bool closed_;
-    typedef scoped_thread<> thread_t;
-    typedef csbl::vector<thread_t> threads_type;
-    threads_type threads_;
-    mutable mutex mtx_;
+  private:
 
-    /**
-     * Effects: try to execute one task.
-     * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
-     * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
-     */
-    bool try_executing_one()
-    {
-      return false;
-    }
+    struct shared_state {
+      typedef  executors::work work;
+      bool closed_;
+      typedef scoped_thread<> thread_t;
+      typedef csbl::vector<thread_t> threads_type;
+      threads_type threads_;
+      mutable mutex mtx_;
 
+      /// thread_executor is not copyable.
+      BOOST_THREAD_NO_COPYABLE(shared_state)
+
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: creates a inline executor that runs closures immediately.
+       *
+       * \b Throws: Nothing.
+       */
+      shared_state()
+      : closed_(false)
+      {
+      }
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: Waits for closures (if any) to complete, then joins and destroys the threads.
+       *
+       * \b Synchronization: The completion of all the closures happen before the completion of the \c thread_executor destructor.
+       */
+      ~shared_state()
+      {
+        // signal to all the worker thread that there will be no more submissions.
+        close();
+        // all the scoped threads will join before destroying
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Effects: try to execute one task.
+       * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
+       * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+       */
+      bool try_executing_one()
+      {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Effects: close the \c thread_executor for submissions.
+       * The loop will work until there is no more closures to run.
+       */
+      void close()
+      {
+        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+        closed_ = true;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Returns: whether the pool is closed for submissions.
+       */
+      bool closed(lock_guard<mutex>& )
+      {
+        return closed_;
+      }
+      bool closed()
+      {
+        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+        return closed(lk);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Requires: \c Closure is a model of \c Callable(void()) and a model of \c CopyConstructible/MoveConstructible.
+       *
+       * \b Effects: The specified \c closure will be scheduled for execution at some point in the future.
+       * If invoked closure throws an exception the \c thread_executor will call \c std::terminate, as is the case with threads.
+       *
+       * \b Synchronization: completion of \c closure on a particular thread happens before destruction of thread's thread local variables.
+       *
+       * \b Throws: \c sync_queue_is_closed if the thread pool is closed.
+       * Whatever exception that can be throw while storing the closure.
+       */
+
+  #if defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
+      template <typename Closure>
+      void submit(Closure & closure)
+      {
+        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+        if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
+        threads_.reserve(threads_.size() + 1);
+        thread th(closure);
+        threads_.push_back(thread_t(boost::move(th)));
+      }
+  #endif
+      void submit(void (*closure)())
+      {
+        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+        if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
+        threads_.reserve(threads_.size() + 1);
+        thread th(closure);
+        threads_.push_back(thread_t(boost::move(th)));
+      }
+
+      template <typename Closure>
+      void submit(BOOST_THREAD_FWD_REF(Closure) closure)
+      {
+        lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
+        if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
+        threads_.reserve(threads_.size() + 1);
+        thread th(boost::forward<Closure>(closure));
+        threads_.push_back(thread_t(boost::move(th)));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * \b Requires: This must be called from an scheduled task.
+       *
+       * \b Effects: reschedule functions until pred()
+       */
+      template <typename Pred>
+      bool reschedule_until(Pred const&)
+      {
+        return false;
+      }
+    };
   public:
-    /// thread_executor is not copyable.
-    BOOST_THREAD_NO_COPYABLE(thread_executor)
-
     /**
      * \b Effects: creates a inline executor that runs closures immediately.
      *
      * \b Throws: Nothing.
      */
     thread_executor()
-    : closed_(false)
+    : pimpl(make_shared<shared_state>())
     {
     }
     /**
@@ -65,9 +166,16 @@ namespace executors
      */
     ~thread_executor()
     {
-      // signal to all the worker thread that there will be no more submissions.
-      close();
-      // all the scoped threads will join before destroying
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Effects: try to execute one task.
+     * Returns: whether a task has been executed.
+     * Throws: whatever the current task constructor throws or the task() throws.
+     */
+    bool try_executing_one()
+    {
+      return pimpl->try_executing_one();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -76,21 +184,15 @@ namespace executors
      */
     void close()
     {
-      lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-      closed_ = true;
+      pimpl->close();
     }
 
     /**
      * \b Returns: whether the pool is closed for submissions.
      */
-    bool closed(lock_guard<mutex>& )
-    {
-      return closed_;
-    }
     bool closed()
     {
-      lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-      return closed(lk);
+      return pimpl->closed();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -109,30 +211,18 @@ namespace executors
     template <typename Closure>
     void submit(Closure & closure)
     {
-      lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-      if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
-      threads_.reserve(threads_.size() + 1);
-      thread th(closure);
-      threads_.push_back(thread_t(boost::move(th)));
+      pimpl->submit(closure);
     }
 #endif
     void submit(void (*closure)())
     {
-      lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-      if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
-      threads_.reserve(threads_.size() + 1);
-      thread th(closure);
-      threads_.push_back(thread_t(boost::move(th)));
+      pimpl->submit(closure);
     }
 
     template <typename Closure>
     void submit(BOOST_THREAD_FWD_REF(Closure) closure)
     {
-      lock_guard<mutex> lk(mtx_);
-      if (closed(lk))  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( sync_queue_is_closed() );
-      threads_.reserve(threads_.size() + 1);
-      thread th(boost::forward<Closure>(closure));
-      threads_.push_back(thread_t(boost::move(th)));
+      pimpl->submit(boost::forward<Closure>(closure));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -141,12 +231,14 @@ namespace executors
      * \b Effects: reschedule functions until pred()
      */
     template <typename Pred>
-    bool reschedule_until(Pred const&)
+    bool reschedule_until(Pred const& p)
     {
-      return false;
+      return pimpl->reschedule_until(p);
     }
-
+  private:
+    shared_ptr<shared_state> pimpl;
   };
+
 }
 using executors::thread_executor;
 }