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python/under-the-hood.html
Dave Abrahams b12f08dfff Update links
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2000-10-31 21:18:35 +00:00

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>
A Peek Under the Hood
</title>
<h1>
<img src="c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center"
width="277" height="86">
</h1>
<h1>
A Peek Under the Hood
</h1>
<p>
<code> ExtensionClass&lt;T&gt;</code> is a subclass of <code>
PyTypeObject</code>, the <code> struct</code> which Python's 'C' API uses
to describe a type. <a href="example1.html#world_class">An instance of
the <code>ExtensionClass&lt;&gt;</code></a> becomes the Python type
object corresponding to <code>hello::world</code>. When we <a href=
"example1.html#add_world_class">add it to the module</a> it goes into the
module's dictionary to be looked up under the name "world".
<p>
Py_cpp uses C++'s template argument deduction mechanism to determine the
types of arguments to functions (except constructors, for which we must
<a href="example1.html#Constructor_example">provide an argument list</a>
because they can't be named in C++). Then, it calls the appropriate
overloaded functions <code>PyObject*
to_python(</code><em>S</em><code>)</code> and <em>
S'</em><code>from_python(PyObject*,
Type&lt;</code><em>S</em><code>&gt;)</code> which convert between any C++
type <em>S</em> and a <code>PyObject*</code>, the type which represents a
reference to any Python object in its 'C' API. The <a href=
"example1.html#world_class"><code>ExtensionClass&lt;T&gt;</code></a>
template defines a whole raft of these conversions (for <code>T, T*,
T&amp;, std::auto_ptr&lt;T&gt;</code>, etc.), using the same inline
friend function technique employed by <a href=
"http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/operators.htm">the boost operators
library</a>.
<p>
Because the <code>to_python</code> and <code>from_python</code> functions
for a user-defined class are defined by <code>
ExtensionClass&lt;T&gt;</code>, it is important that an instantiation of
<code> ExtensionClass&lt;T&gt;</code> is visible to any code which wraps
a C++ function with a <code>T, T*, const T&amp;</code>, etc. parameter or
return value. In particular, you may want to create all of the classes at
the top of your module's init function, then <code>def</code> the member
functions later to avoid problems with inter-class dependencies.
<p>
Previous: <a href="overriding.html">Function Overloading</a>
Next: <a href="building.html">Building a Module with Py_cpp</a>
Up: <a href="py_cpp.html">Top</a>
<p>
&copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
any purpose.
<p>
Updated: Sept 30, 2000