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<font size="6" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Extracting C++ objects</b></font>
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<p>
At some point, we will need to get C++ values out of object instances. This
can be achieved with the <tt>extract&lt;T&gt;</tt> function. Consider the following:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=keyword>double </span><span class=identifier>x </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=identifier>o</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>attr</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;length&quot;</span><span class=special>); </span><span class=comment>// compile error
</span></pre></code>
<p>
In the code above, we got a compiler error because Boost.Python
<tt>object</tt> can't be implicitly converted to <tt>double</tt>s. Instead, what
we wanted to do above can be achieved by writing:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=keyword>double </span><span class=identifier>l </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=identifier>extract</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=keyword>double</span><span class=special>&gt;(</span><span class=identifier>o</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>attr</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;length&quot;</span><span class=special>));
</span><span class=identifier>Vec2</span><span class=special>&amp; </span><span class=identifier>v </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=identifier>extract</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>Vec2</span><span class=special>&amp;&gt;(</span><span class=identifier>o</span><span class=special>);
</span><span class=identifier>assert</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>l </span><span class=special>== </span><span class=identifier>v</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>length</span><span class=special>());
</span></pre></code>
<p>
The first line attempts to extract the &quot;length&quot; attribute of the
Boost.Python <tt>object</tt> <tt>o</tt>. The second line attempts to <i>extract</i> the
<tt>Vec2</tt> object from held by the Boost.Python <tt>object</tt> <tt>o</tt>.</p>
<p>
Take note that we said &quot;attempt to&quot; above. What if the Boost.Python
<tt>object</tt> <tt>o</tt> does not really hold a <tt>Vec2</tt> type? This is certainly
a possibility considering the dynamic nature of Python <tt>object</tt>s. To
be on the safe side, if the C++ type can't be extracted, an
appropriate exception is thrown. To avoid an exception, we need to
test for extractibility:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=identifier>extract</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>Vec2</span><span class=special>&amp;&gt; </span><span class=identifier>x</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>o</span><span class=special>);
</span><span class=keyword>if </span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>x</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>check</span><span class=special>()) </span><span class=special>{
</span><span class=identifier>Vec2</span><span class=special>&amp; </span><span class=identifier>v </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=identifier>x</span><span class=special>(); </span><span class=special>...
</span></pre></code>
<p>
<img src="theme/bulb.gif"></img> The astute reader might have noticed that the <tt>extract&lt;T&gt;</tt>
facility in fact solves the mutable copying problem:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=identifier>dict </span><span class=identifier>d </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=identifier>extract</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>dict</span><span class=special>&gt;(</span><span class=identifier>x</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>attr</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;__dict__&quot;</span><span class=special>));
</span><span class=identifier>d</span><span class=special>[</span><span class=literal>'whatever'</span><span class=special>] </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=number>3</span><span class=special>; </span>#<span class=identifier>modifies </span><span class=identifier>x</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>__dict__ </span><span class=special>!
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<hr size="1"><p class="copyright">Copyright &copy; 2002 David Abrahams<br>Copyright &copy; 2002 Joel de Guzman<br><br>
<font size="2">Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document
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is provided &quot;as is&quot; without express or implied warranty, and with
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