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python/doc/tutorial/doc/inheritance.html
Joel de Guzman e49e0d2705 tutorial added
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<font size="6" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Inheritance</b></font>
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<p>
In the previous examples, we dealt with classes that are not polymorphic.
This is not often the case. Much of the time, we will be wrapping
polymorphic classes and class hierarchies related by inheritance. We will
often have to write Boost.Python wrappers for classes that are derived from
abstract base classes.</p>
<p>
Consider this trivial inheritance structure:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=keyword>struct </span><span class=identifier>Base </span><span class=special>{ </span><span class=keyword>virtual </span><span class=special>~</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>(); </span><span class=special>};
</span><span class=keyword>struct </span><span class=identifier>Derived </span><span class=special>: </span><span class=identifier>Base </span><span class=special>{};
</span></pre></code>
<p>
And a set of C++ functions operating on <tt>Base</tt> and <tt>Derived</tt> object
instances:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=keyword>void </span><span class=identifier>b</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>*);
</span><span class=keyword>void </span><span class=identifier>d</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>Derived</span><span class=special>*);
</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>* </span><span class=identifier>factory</span><span class=special>() </span><span class=special>{ </span><span class=keyword>return </span><span class=keyword>new </span><span class=identifier>Derived</span><span class=special>; </span><span class=special>}
</span></pre></code>
<p>
We've seen how we can wrap the base class <tt>Base</tt>:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=identifier>class_</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>&gt;(</span><span class=string>&quot;Base&quot;</span><span class=special>)
</span><span class=comment>/*...*/
</span><span class=special>;
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Now we can inform Boost.Python of the inheritance relationship between
<tt>Derived</tt> and its base class <tt>Base</tt>. Thus:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=identifier>class_</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>Derived</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>bases</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>&gt; </span><span class=special>&gt;(</span><span class=string>&quot;Derived&quot;</span><span class=special>)
</span><span class=comment>/*...*/
</span><span class=special>;
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Doing so, we get some things for free:</p>
<ol><li>Derived automatically inherits all of Base's Python methods (wrapped C++ member functions)</li><li><b>If</b> Base is polymorphic, <tt>Derived</tt> objects which have been passed to Python via a pointer or reference to <tt>Base</tt> can be passed where a pointer or reference to <tt>Derived</tt> is expected.</li></ol><p>
Now, we shall expose the C++ free functions <tt>b</tt> and <tt>d</tt> and <tt>factory</tt>:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=identifier>def</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;b&quot;</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>b</span><span class=special>);
</span><span class=identifier>def</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;d&quot;</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>d</span><span class=special>);
</span><span class=identifier>def</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;factory&quot;</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>factory</span><span class=special>);
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Note that free function <tt>factory</tt> is being used to generate new
instances of class <tt>Derived</tt>. In such cases, we use
<tt>return_value_policy&lt;manage_new_object&gt;</tt> to instruct Python to adopt
the pointer to <tt>Base</tt> and hold the instance in a new Python <tt>Base</tt>
object until the the Python object is destroyed. We shall see more of
Boost.Python <a href="call_policies.html">
call policies</a> later.</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=comment>// Tell Python to take ownership of factory's result
</span><span class=identifier>def</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;factory&quot;</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>factory</span><span class=special>,
</span><span class=identifier>return_value_policy</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>manage_new_object</span><span class=special>&gt;());
</span></pre></code>
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<hr size="1"><p class="copyright">Copyright &copy; 2002 David Abrahams<br>Copyright &copy; 2002 Joel de Guzman<br><br>
<font size="2">Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document
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