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<title>How can I automatically convert my custom string type to and from a Python string?</title>
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<a name="faq.how_can_i_automatically_convert_"></a><a class="link" href="how_can_i_automatically_convert_.html" title="How can I automatically convert my custom string type to and from a Python string?">How can I automatically
convert my custom string type to and from a Python string?</a>
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<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve provides these notes:</em></span>
</p>
<p>
Below is a small, self-contained demo extension module that shows how to
do this. Here is the corresponding trivial test:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">import</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hello</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="string">"Hello world."</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"california"</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">10</span>
</pre>
<p>
If you look at the code you will find:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
A custom <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">to_python</span></code> converter
(easy): <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">custom_string_to_python_str</span></code>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
A custom lvalue converter (needs more code): <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">custom_string_from_python_str</span></code>
</li>
</ul></div>
<p>
The custom converters are registered in the global Boost.Python registry
near the top of the module initialization function. Once flow control has
passed through the registration code the automatic conversions from and to
Python strings will work in any module imported in the same process.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">module</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">to_python_converter</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">sandbox</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
<span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{}</span>
<span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">value_</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{}</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">value_</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">private</span><span class="special">:</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">value_</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string_to_python_str</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">PyObject</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">custom_string</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">incref</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">object</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">()).</span><span class="identifier">ptr</span><span class="special">());</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string_from_python_str</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">custom_string_from_python_str</span><span class="special">()</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">registry</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">push_back</span><span class="special">(</span>
<span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">convertible</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">construct</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type_id</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">&gt;());</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">convertible</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">PyObject</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">obj_ptr</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(!</span><span class="identifier">PyString_Check</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">obj_ptr</span><span class="special">))</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">obj_ptr</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">construct</span><span class="special">(</span>
<span class="identifier">PyObject</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">obj_ptr</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">rvalue_from_python_stage1_data</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">PyString_AsString</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">obj_ptr</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">throw_error_already_set</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">storage</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">(</span>
<span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">rvalue_from_python_storage</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">&gt;*)</span>
<span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">)-&gt;</span><span class="identifier">storage</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">bytes</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">storage</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier">convertible</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">storage</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
<span class="identifier">custom_string</span> <span class="identifier">hello</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"Hello world."</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">custom_string</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">().</span><span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">init_module</span><span class="special">()</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">python</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">to_python_converter</span><span class="special">&lt;</span>
<span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">custom_string_to_python_str</span><span class="special">&gt;();</span>
<span class="identifier">custom_string_from_python_str</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"hello"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">hello</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"size"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace sandbox::&lt;anonymous&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">custom_string</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">sandbox</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">init_module</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
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