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<font size="6" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Virtual Functions with Default Implementations</b></font>
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<p>
Recall that in the <a href="class_virtual_functions.html">
previous section</a>, we
wrapped a class with a pure virtual function that we then implemented in
C++ or Python classes derived from it. Our base class:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=keyword>struct </span><span class=identifier>Base
</span><span class=special>{
</span><span class=keyword>virtual </span><span class=keyword>int </span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>() = </span><span class=number>0</span><span class=special>;
};
</span></pre></code>
<p>
had a pure virtual function <tt>f</tt>. If, however, its member function <tt>f</tt> was
not declared as pure virtual:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=keyword>struct </span><span class=identifier>Base
</span><span class=special>{
</span><span class=keyword>virtual </span><span class=keyword>int </span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>() { </span><span class=keyword>return </span><span class=number>0</span><span class=special>; }
};
</span></pre></code>
<p>
and instead had a default implementation that returns <tt>0</tt>, as shown above,
we need to add a forwarding function that calls the <tt>Base</tt> default virtual
function <tt>f</tt> implementation:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=keyword>struct </span><span class=identifier>BaseWrap </span><span class=special>: </span><span class=identifier>Base
</span><span class=special>{
</span><span class=identifier>BaseWrap</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>PyObject</span><span class=special>* </span><span class=identifier>self_</span><span class=special>)
: </span><span class=identifier>self</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>self_</span><span class=special>) {}
</span><span class=keyword>int </span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>() { </span><span class=keyword>return </span><span class=identifier>call_method</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=keyword>int</span><span class=special>&gt;(</span><span class=identifier>self</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=string>&quot;f&quot;</span><span class=special>); }
</span><span class=keyword>int </span><span class=identifier>default_f</span><span class=special>() { </span><span class=keyword>return </span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>::</span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>(); } // &lt;&lt;=== ***</span><span class=identifier>ADDED</span><span class=special>***
</span><span class=identifier>PyObject</span><span class=special>* </span><span class=identifier>self</span><span class=special>;
};
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Then, Boost.Python needs to keep track of 1) the dispatch function <tt>f</tt> and
2) the forwarding function to its default implementation <tt>default_f</tt>.
There's a special <tt>def</tt> function for this purpose. Here's how it is
applied to our example above:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=identifier>class_</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>BaseWrap</span><span class=special>&gt;(</span><span class=string>&quot;Base&quot;</span><span class=special>)
.</span><span class=identifier>def</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;f&quot;</span><span class=special>, &amp;</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>::</span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>, &amp;</span><span class=identifier>BaseWrap</span><span class=special>::</span><span class=identifier>default_f</span><span class=special>)
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Note that we are allowing <tt>Base</tt> objects to be instantiated this time,
unlike before where we specifically defined the <tt>class_&lt;Base&gt;</tt> with
<tt>no_init</tt>.</p>
<p>
In Python, the results would be as expected:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=special>&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=identifier>base </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>()
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=keyword>class </span><span class=identifier>Derived</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>Base</span><span class=special>):
... </span><span class=identifier>def </span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>self</span><span class=special>):
... </span><span class=keyword>return </span><span class=number>42
</span><span class=special>...
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=identifier>derived </span><span class=special>= </span><span class=identifier>Derived</span><span class=special>()
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Calling <tt>base.f()</tt>:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=special>&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=identifier>base</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>()
</span><span class=number>0
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Calling <tt>derived.f()</tt>:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=special>&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=identifier>derived</span><span class=special>.</span><span class=identifier>f</span><span class=special>()
</span><span class=number>42
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Calling <tt>call_f</tt>, passing in a <tt>base</tt> object:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=special>&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=identifier>call_f</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>base</span><span class=special>)
</span><span class=number>0
</span></pre></code>
<p>
Calling <tt>call_f</tt>, passing in a <tt>derived</tt> object:</p>
<code><pre>
<span class=special>&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=identifier>call_f</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>derived</span><span class=special>)
</span><span class=number>42
</span></pre></code>
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<hr size="1"><p class="copyright">Copyright &copy; 2002-2003 David Abrahams<br>Copyright &copy; 2002-2003 Joel de Guzman<br><br>
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