Began trying to get 0 pointers to be translated to/from None

[SVN r9374]

build/bpl_static.dsp

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build/tru64.mak

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Tested with:
-# Compaq C++ V6.2-024 for Digital UNIX V5.0 (Rev. 910)
-#
-# Python 1.5.2 was installed without any customizations.
-# boost_all.zip vers. 1.18.1 was unpacked using unzip -aa and not modified.
-# STLport-4.1b3 was unpacked using unzip -aa and not modified.
-#
-# Initial version 2000-10-20: Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve, rwgk@cci.lbl.gov
-#
-
-PYINC= /usr/local/include/python1.5
-BOOSTINC= /usr/local/boost_1_18_1
-STLPORTINC= /usr/local/STLport-4.1b3/stlport
-STLPORTOPTS= \
- -D__USE_STD_IOSTREAM \
- -D__STL_NO_SGI_IOSTREAMS \
- -D__STL_NO_NEW_C_HEADERS \
- -D_RWSTD_COMPILE_INSTANTIATE=1
-
-STDOPTS= -std strict_ansi
-WARNOPTS= -msg_disable 186,450,1115
-# use -msg_display_number to obtain integer tags for -msg_disable
-
-CPP= cxx
-CPPOPTS= -I$(STLPORTINC) $(STLPORTOPTS) -I$(BOOSTINC) -I$(PYINC) \
-         $(STDOPTS) $(WARNOPTS)
-
-LD= cxx
-LDOPTS= -shared -expect_unresolved '*'
-
-OBJ = extclass.o functions.o init_function.o module.o newtypes.o \
-      objects.o py.o subclass.o
-
-.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
-
-all: demo.so hello.so
-
-demo.so: $(OBJ) extclass_demo.o
-	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) extclass_demo.o -o demo.so
-
-hello.so: $(OBJ) example1.o
-	$(LD) $(LDOPTS) $(OBJ) example1.o -o hello.so
-
-.cpp.o:
-	-$(CPP) $(CPPOPTS) $(INC) -c $*.cpp
-
-clean:
-	rm -f $(OBJ) extclass_demo.o example1.o demo.so hello.so so_locations
-	rm -rf cxx_repository
-	rm -f *.pyc

doc/building.html

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      Building an Extension Module
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Building an Extension Module
-      </h1>
-      <p>
-         Right now, the only supported configuration is one in which the BPL
-         source files are statically linked with the source for your extension
-         module. You may first build them into a library and link it with your
-         extension module source, but the effect is the same as compiling all
-         the source files together. Some users have successfully built the
-         sources into a shared library, and support for a shared library
-         build is planned, but not yet implemented. The BPL source files are:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/extension_class.cpp">extclass.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/functions.cpp">functions.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/init_function.cpp">init_function.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/module_builder.cpp">module.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/types.cpp">newtypes.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/objects.cpp">objects.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/conversions.cpp">py.cpp</a>
-<a href="../../../libs/python/src/classes.cpp">subclass.cpp</a>
-         </pre>
-         </blockquote>
-               <p>
-         Next: <a href="enums.html">Enums</a>
-         Previous: <a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as
-        is'' without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
-        its suitability for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/comparisons.html

@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      Comparisons with Other Systems
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Comparisons with
-        Other Systems
-      </h1>
-      
-      <h2>CXX</h2>
-      <p>
-        Like BPL, <a href="http://cxx.sourceforge.net/">CXX</a> attempts to
-        provide a C++-oriented interface to Python. In most cases, as with the
-        boost library, it relieves the user from worrying about
-        reference-counts. Both libraries automatically convert thrown C++
-        exceptions into Python exceptions. As far as I can tell, CXX has no
-        support for subclassing C++ extension types in Python. An even
-        more significant difference is that a user's C++ code is still basically
-        ``dealing with Python objects'', though they are wrapped in
-        C++ classes. This means such jobs as argument parsing and conversion are
-        still left to be done explicitly by the user.
-
-     <p>
-        CXX claims to interoperate well with the C++ Standard Library
-        (a.k.a. STL) by providing iterators into Python Lists and Dictionaries,
-        but the claim is unfortunately unsupportable. The problem is that in
-        general, access to Python sequence and mapping elements through
-        iterators requires the use of proxy objects as the return value of
-        iterator dereference operations. This usage conflicts with the basic
-        ForwardIterator requirements in <a
-        href="http://anubis.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc22/open/n2356/lib-iterators.html#lib.forward.iterators">
-        section 24.1.3 of the standard</a> (dereferencing must produce a
-        reference). Although you may be able to use these iterators with some
-        operations in some standard library implementations, it is neither
-        guaranteed to work nor portable.
-
-      <p>
-        As far as I can tell, CXX enables one to write what is essentially
-        idiomatic Python code in C++, manipulating Python objects through the
-        same fully-generic interfaces we use in Python. While you're hardly programming directly to the ``bare
-        metal'' with CXX, it basically presents a ``C++-ized''
-        version of the Python 'C' API.
-
-      <p>
-        <a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul F. Dubois</a>, the original
-        author of CXX, has told me that what I've described is only half of the
-        picture with CXX, but I never understood his explanation well-enough to
-        fill in the other half. Here is his response to the commentary above:
-
-<blockquote>
-``My intention with CXX was not to do what you are doing. It was to enable a
-person to write an extension directly in C++ rather than C. I figured others had
-the wrapping business covered. I thought maybe CXX would provide an easier
-target language for those making wrappers, but I never explored
-that.''<br><i>-<a href="mailto:dubois1@llnl.gov">Paul Dubois</a></i>
-</blockquote>
-
-      <h2>SWIG</h2>
-      <p>
-        <a href= "http://www.swig.org/">SWIG</a> is an impressively mature tool
-        for exporting an existing ANSI 'C' interface into various scripting
-        languages. Swig relies on a parser to read your source code and produce
-        additional source code files which can be compiled into a Python (or
-        Perl or Tcl) extension module. It has been successfully used to create
-        many Python extension modules. Like BPL, SWIG is trying to allow an
-        existing interface to be wrapped with little or no change to the
-        existing code. The documentation says ``SWIG parses a form of ANSI C
-        syntax that has been extended with a number of special directives. As a
-        result, interfaces are usually built by grabbing a header file and
-        tweaking it a little bit.'' For C++ interfaces, the tweaking has often
-        proven to amount to more than just a little bit. One user
-        writes:
-
-        <blockquote> ``The problem with swig (when I used it) is that it
-        couldnt handle templates, didnt do func overloading properly etc.  For
-        ANSI C libraries this was fine.  But for usual C++ code this was a
-        problem.  Simple things work.  But for anything very complicated (or
-        realistic), one had to write code by hand.  I believe BPL doesn't have
-        this problem[<a href="#sic">sic</a>]...  IMHO overloaded functions are very important to
-        wrap correctly.''<br><i>-Prabhu Ramachandran</i>
-        </blockquote>
-        
-      <p>
-        By contrast, BPL doesn't attempt to parse C++ - the problem is simply
-        too complex to do correctly. <a name="sic">Technically</a>, one does
-        write code by hand to use BPL. The goal, however, has been to make
-        that code nearly as simple as listing the names of the classes and
-        member functions you want to expose in Python.
-
-      <h2>SIP</h2> 
-      <p>
-        <a
-        href="http://www.thekompany.com/projects/pykde/background.php3?dhtml_ok=1">SIP</a>
-        is a system similar to SWIG, though seemingly more
-        C++-oriented. The author says that like BPL, SIP supports overriding
-        extension class member functions in Python subclasses. It appears to
-        have been designed specifically to directly support some features of
-        PyQt/PyKDE, which is its primary client. Documentation is almost
-        entirely missing at the time of this writing, so a detailed comparison
-        is difficult.
-
-      <h2>ILU</h2>
-      <p>
-        <a
-        href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/Rainbow/projects/origami/ilu-1.8-manual">ILU</a>
-        is a very ambitious project which tries to describe a module's interface
-        (types and functions) in terms of an <a
-        href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/Rainbow/projects/origami/ilu-1.8-manual/manual_2.html">Interface
-        Specification Language</a> (ISL) so that it can be uniformly interfaced
-        to a wide range of computer languages, including Common Lisp, C++, C,
-        Modula-3, and Python. ILU can parse the ISL to generate a C++ language
-        header file describing the interface, of which the user is expected to
-        provide an implementation. Unlike BPL, this means that the system
-        imposes implementation details on your C++ code at the deepest level. It
-        is worth noting that some of the C++ names generated by ILU are supposed
-        to be reserved to the C++ implementation. It is unclear from the
-        documentation whether ILU supports overriding C++ virtual functions in Python.
-        
-      <h2>GRAD</h2>
-      <p>
-      <a
-      href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1996-11/papers/GRAD/html/GRADcover.html">GRAD</a>
-      is another very ambitious project aimed at generating Python wrappers for
-      interfaces written in ``legacy languages'', among which C++ is the first one
-      implemented. Like SWIG, it aims to parse source code and automatically
-      generate wrappers, though it appears to take a more sophisticated approach
-      to parsing in general and C++ in particular, so it should do a much better
-      job with C++. It appears to support function overloading. The
-      documentation is missing a lot of information I'd like to see, so it is
-      difficult to give an accurate and fair assessment. I am left with the
-      following questions:
-<ul>
-<li>Does it support overriding of virtual functions?
-<li>What about overriding private or protected virtual functions (the documentation indicates
-that only public interfaces are supported)?
-<li>Which C++ language constructs are supportd?
-<li>Does it support implicit conversions between wrapped C++ classes that have
-an inheritance relationship?
-<li>Does it support smart pointers?
-</ul>
-      <p>
-        Anyone in the possession of the answers to these questions will earn my
-        gratitude for a write-up <code>;-)</code>
-
-      <h2>Zope ExtensionClasses</h2>
-      <p>
-         <a href="http:http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass">
-        ExtensionClasses in Zope</a> use the same underlying mechanism as BPL
-        to support subclassing of extension types in Python, including
-        multiple-inheritance. Both systems support pickling/unpickling of
-        extension class instances in very similar ways. Both systems rely on the
-        same ``<a
-        href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1994-11/BuiltInClasses/Welcome.html">Don
-        Beaudry Hack</a>'' that also inspired Don's MESS System.
-      <p>
-        The major differences are:
-      <ul>
-        <li>
-          BPL lifts the burden on the user to parse and convert function
-          argument types. Zope provides no such facility.
-        <li>
-          BPL lifts the burden on the user to maintain Python
-          reference-counts.
-        <li>
-          BPL supports function overloading; Zope does not.
-        <li>
-          BPL supplies a simple mechanism for exposing read-only and
-          read/write access to data members of the wrapped C++ type as Python
-          attributes.
-        <li>
-          Writing a Zope ExtensionClass is significantly more complex than
-          exposing a C++ class to python using BPL (mostly a summary of the
-          previous 4 items). <a href= 
-          "http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass/MultiMapping.html">A
-          Zope Example</a> illustrates the differences.
-        <li>
-          Zope's ExtensionClasses are specifically motivated by ``the need for a
-          C-based persistence mechanism''. BPL's are motivated by the desire
-          to simply reflect a C++ API into Python with as little modification as
-          possible.
-        <li>
-          The following Zope restriction does not apply to BPL: ``At most one
-          base extension direct or indirect super class may define C data
-          members. If an extension subclass inherits from multiple base
-          extension classes, then all but one must be mix-in classes that
-          provide extension methods but no data.''
-        <li>
-          Zope requires use of the somewhat funky inheritedAttribute (search for
-          ``inheritedAttribute'' on <a
-          href="http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass">this page</a>)
-          method to access base class methods. In BPL, base class methods can
-          be accessed in the usual way by writing
-          ``<code>BaseClass.method</code>''.
-        <li>
-          Zope supplies some creative but esoteric idioms such as <a href= 
-          "http://www.digicool.com/releases/ExtensionClass/Acquisition.html">
-          Acquisition</a>. No specific support for this is built into BPL.
-        <li>
-          Zope's ComputedAttribute support is designed to be used from Python.
-          <a href="special.html#getter_setter">The analogous feature of
-          BPL</a> can be used from C++ or Python. The feature is arguably
-          easier to use in BPL.
-      </ul>
-      <p>
-        Next: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using BPL</a>
-        Previous: <a href="extending.html">A Brief Introduction to writing Python Extension Modules</a>
-        Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
-        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
-        for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/data_structures.txt

@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-Given a real Python class 'A', a wrapped C++ class 'B', and this definition:
-
-    class C(A, B):
-        def __init__(self):
-            B.__init__(self)
-            self.x = 1
-        ...
-
-    c = C()
-
-this diagram describes the internal structure of an instance of 'C', including
-its inheritance relationships. Note that ExtensionClass<B> is derived from
-Class<ExtensionInstance>, and is in fact identical for all intents and purposes.
-
-                                           MetaClass<ExtensionInstance>
-                 +---------+              +---------+                  
-types.ClassType: |         |              |         |                  
-                 |         |              |         |                  
-                 |         |              |         |                  
-                 +---------+              +---------+                    
-                   ^                         ^   ^
-     PyClassObject |       ExtensionClass<B> |   |
- A: +------------+ |   B: +------------+     |   |
-    |  ob_type  -+-+      |   ob_type -+-----+   |
-    |            |   ()<--+- __bases__ |         |
-    |            |        |  __dict__ -+->{...}  |
-    |            |   'B'<-+- __name__  |         |
-    +------------+        +------------+         |
-         ^                      ^                |
-         |                      |                |
-         +-----+  +-------------+                |
-               |  |                              |
-               |  |     Class<ExtensionInstance> |
-               |  | C: +------------+            |
-               |  |    |   ob_type -+------------+
-        tuple:(*, *)<--+- __bases__ |           
-                       |  __dict__ -+->{__module__, <methods, etc.>}
-                 'C' <-+- __name__  |
-                       +------------+        
-                             ^           (in case of inheritance from more than one   
-                             |            extension class, this vector would contain  
-             +---------------+            a pointer to an instance holder for the data
-             |                            of each corresponding C++ class)            
-             |     ExtensionInstance                
-             | c: +---------------------+   std::vector<InstanceHolderBase> 
-             +----+- __class__          |  +---+--  
-                  |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| * | ...
-        {'x': 1}<-+- __dict__           |  +-|-+--   
-                  +---------------------+    |    InstanceValueHolder<B>                  
-                                             |   +--------------------------------+
-                                             +-->| (contains a C++ instance of B) |
-                                                 +--------------------------------+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-In our inheritance test cases in extclass_demo.cpp/test_extclass.py, we have the
-following C++ inheritance hierarchy:
-
-               +-----+          +----+
-               |  A1 |          | A2 |
-               +-----+          +----+
-                ^ ^ ^            ^  ^  
-                | | |            |  |
-          +-----+ | +---------+-----+
-          |       |           |  |
-          |       +---+----------+
-   .......!......     |       |
-   : A_callback :   +-+--+  +-+--+
-   :............:   | B1 |  | B2 |
-                    +----+  +----+
-                      ^
-                      |
-              +-------+---------+
-              |                 |
-            +-+-+         ......!.......
-            | C |         : B_callback :
-            +---+         :............:
-
-
-A_callback and B_callback are used as part of the wrapping mechanism but not
-represented in Python. C is also not represented in Python but is delivered
-there polymorphically through a smart pointer.
-
-This is the data structure in Python.
-
-       ExtensionClass<A1>
-  A1: +------------+                
- ()<--+- __bases__ |                                                
-      |  __dict__ -+->{...}                                         
-      +------------+                                                
-        ^                 
-        |          ExtensionInstance                                              
-        |     a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A1,A_callback> 
-        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---------------------+ 
-        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A_callback | 
-        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---------------------+              
-        |   
-        |          ExtensionInstance                                              
-        | pa1_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
-        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+ 
-        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   A1    
-        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+
-        |                                                +->|   |
-        |          ExtensionInstance                        +---+ 
-        | pb1_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
-        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                 
-        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1           
-        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+        
-        |                                                +->|   |                            
-        |          ExtensionInstance                        +---+                       
-        | pb2_a1: +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A1>,A1>
-        +---------+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                 
-        |         |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B2                   
-        |         +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+        
-        |                                                +->|   | 
-        |                                                   +---+                       
-        |       ExtensionClass<A1>                                                          
-        |  A2: +------------+                                                               
-        | ()<--+- __bases__ |                                                               
-        |      |  __dict__ -+->{...}                                                        
-        |      +------------+                                                               
-        |           ^                                                                       
-        |           |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
-        |       a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A2>             
-        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +-------------+                      
-        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A2 |                      
-        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +-------------+                      
-        |           |                                                                       
-        |           |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
-        |   pa2_a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A2>,A2>  
-        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                
-        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   A2                         
-        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                       
-        |           |                                        +->|   |                       
-        |           |  ExtensionInstance                        +---+                       
-        |   pb1_a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<A2>,A2>  
-        |           +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                
-        |           | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1                         
-        |           | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                       
-        |           |                                        +->|   |                       
-        |           |                                           +---+                       
-        |           |                                                                       
-        |           +---------------+------------------------------+                             
-        |                           |                              |                             
- +------+-------------------------+-|----------------------------+ |                             
- |                                | |                            | |                             
- |       Class<ExtensionInstance> | |      ExtensionClass<B1>    | |      ExtensionClass<B1>     
- | DA1: +------------+            | | B1: +------------+         | | B2: +------------+          
-(*,)<---+- __bases__ |           (*,*)<---+- __bases__ |        (*,*)<---+- __bases__ |          
-        |  __dict__ -+->{...}             |  __dict__ -+->{...}          |  __dict__ -+->{...}   
-        +------------+                    +------------+                 +------------+          
-              ^                                ^                                    ^ 
-              |        ExtensionInstance       |                                    |       
-              |  da1: +---------------------+  |    vec     InstanceValueHolder<A1,A_callback>  
-              +-------+- __class__          |  |   +---+   +---------------------+  |          
-                      |  m_wrapped_objects -+--|-->| *-+-->| contains A_callback |  |          
-                      +---------------------+  |   +---+   +---------------------+  |          
-        +--------------------------------------+                                    |
-        |  ExtensionInstance                                                        |
-    b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<B1,B_callback>      |
-        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---------------------+                  |
-        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains B_callback |                  |
-        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---------------------+                  |
-        |                                                                           |
-        |  ExtensionInstance                                                        |
-pb1_b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<B1>,B1>      |
-        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                    |
-        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   B1                             |
-        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                           |
-        |                                        +->|   |                           |
-        |  ExtensionInstance                        +---+                           |
- pc_b1: | +---------------------+   vec     InstancePtrHolder<auto_ptr<B1>,B1>      |
-        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +---+                                    |
-        | |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| *-+-+   C                              |
-        | +---------------------+  +---+   +---+ |  +---+                           |
-        |                                        +->|   |                           |
-        |                                           +---+                           |
-        |                                                                           |
-        |       Class<ExtensionInstance>    +---------------------------------------+
-        | DB1: +------------+               |  ExtensionInstance                                                    
-       (*,)<---+- __bases__ |           a2: | +---------------------+   vec     InstanceValueHolder<A2> 
-               |  __dict__ -+->{...}        +-+- __class__          |  +---+   +-------------+                      
-               +------------+                 |  m_wrapped_objects -+->| *-+-->| contains A2 |                      
-                     ^                        +---------------------+  +---+   +-------------+                      
-                     |  ExtensionInstance      
-                db1: | +---------------------+    vec     InstanceValueHolder<B1,B_callback>  
-                     +-+- __class__          |   +---+   +----------------------+ 
-                       |  m_wrapped_objects -+-->| *-+-->| contains B1_callback |              
-                       +---------------------+   +---+   +----------------------+              

doc/enums.html

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      Wrapping enums
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Wrapping enums
-      </h1>
-
-<p>Because there is in general no way to deduce that a value of arbitrary type T
-is an enumeration constant, the Boost Python Library cannot automatically
-convert enum values to and from Python. To handle this case, you need to decide
-how you want the enum to show up in Python (since Python doesn't have
-enums). Once you have done that, you can write some simple
-<code>from_python()</code> and <code>to_python()</code> functions.
-
-<p>If you are satisfied with a Python int as a way to represent your enum
-values, we provide a shorthand for these functions. You just need to
-instantiate <code>boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;EnumType&gt;</code> where
-<code>EnumType</code> is your enumerated type. There are two convenient ways to do this:
-
-<ol>
-<li><blockquote>
-<pre>
-   ...
-} // close my_namespace
-// drop into namespace python and explicitly instantiate
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
-  template class enum_as_int_converters<extclass_demo::EnumOwner::enum_type>;
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-namespace my_namespace { // re-open my_namespace
-   ...
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-<li><blockquote><pre>
-// instantiate as base class in any namespace
-struct EnumTypeConverters
-    : boost::python::enum_as_int_converters&lt;EnumType&gt;
-{
-};
-</blockquote></pre>
-</ol>
-
-<p>Either of the above is equivalent to the following declarations:
-<blockquote><pre>
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
-
-  MyEnumType from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type&lt;MyEnumType&gt;)
-  {
-      return static_cast&lt;MyEnum&gt;(
-        from_python(x, boost::python::type&lt;long&gt;()));
-  }
-
-  MyEnumType from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type&lt;const MyEnumType&amp;&gt;)
-  {
-      return static_cast&lt;MyEnum&gt;(
-        from_python(x, boost::python::type&lt;long&gt;()));
-  }
-
-  PyObject* to_python(MyEnumType x)
-  {
-      return to_python(static_cast&lt;long&gt;(x));
-  }
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>This technique defines the conversions of
-<code>MyEnumType</code> in terms of the conversions for the built-in
- <code>long</code> type.
-
-You may also want to add a bunch of lines like this to your module
-initialization:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-mymodule.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
-mymodule.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
-...
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-You can also add these to an extension class definition, if your enum happens to
-be local to a class and you want the analogous interface in Python:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-my_class.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_1), "enum_value_1");
-my_class.add(boost::python::to_python(enum_value_2), "enum_value_2");
-...
-</pre></blockquote>
-               <p>
-         Next: <a href="pointers.html">Pointers</a>
-         Previous: <a href="building.html">Building an Extension Module</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as
-        is'' without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
-        its suitability for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/example1.html

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      A Simple Example
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt=
-        "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">
-      </h1>
-      <h1>
-         A Simple Example
-      </h1>
-      <p>
-         Suppose we have the following C++ API which we want to expose in
-        Python:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-#include &lt;string&gt;
-
-namespace hello {
-  class world
-  {
-   public:
-      world(int);
-      ~world();
-      std::string greet() const { return "hi, world"; }
-    ...
-  };
-  std::size_t length(const world&amp; x) { return std::strlen(x.greet()); }
-}
-
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         Here is the C++ code for a python module called <code>hello</code>
-        which exposes the API using:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
-// Python requires an exported function called init&lt;module-name&gt; in every
-// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-void inithello()
-{
-    try
-    {
-       // create an object representing this extension module
-       boost::python::module_builder m("hello");
-       // Create the Python type object for our extension class
-       boost::python::class_builder&lt;hello::world&gt; world_class(m, "world");
-       // Add the __init__ function
-       world_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int&gt;());
-       // Add a regular member function
-       world_class.def(&amp;hello::world::get, "get");
-       // Add a regular function to the module
-       m.def(hello::length, "length");
-    }
-    catch(...)
-    {
-       boost::python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
-    }
-}
-// Win32 DLL boilerplate
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include &lt;windows.h&gt;
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID)
-{
-    return 1;
-}
-#endif // _WIN32
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         That's it! If we build this shared library and put it on our <code>
-        PYTHONPATH</code> we can now access our C++ class and function from
-        Python.
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; import hello
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hi_world = hello.world(3)
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hi_world.greet()
-'hi, world'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hello.length(hi_world)
-9
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         We can even make a subclass of <code>hello.world</code>:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class my_subclass(hello.world):
-...     def greet(self):
-...         return 'hello, world'
-...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; y = my_subclass(4)
-&gt;&gt;&gt; y.greet()
-'hello, world'
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         Pretty cool! You can't do that with an ordinary Python extension type!
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hello.length(y)
-9
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         Of course, you may now have a slightly empty feeling in the pit of
-        your little pythonic stomach. Perhaps you feel your subclass deserves
-        to have a <code>length()</code> of <code>12</code>? If so, <a href= 
-        "overriding.html">read on</a>...
-      <p>
-        Next: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable virtual functions</a>
-         Previous: <a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons with other systems</a>  Up:
-        <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
-        for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/extending.html

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
-    <title>
-      A Brief Introduction to writing Python extension modules
-    </title>
-    <h1>
-      <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center"
-      width="277" height="86">
-    </h1>
-    <h1>
-      A Brief Introduction to writing Python extension modules
-    </h1>
-    <p>
-      Interfacing any language to Python involves building a module which can
-      be loaded by the Python interpreter, but which isn't written in Python.
-      This is known as an <em>extension module</em>. Many of the <a href= 
-      "http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/lib.html">built-in Python
-      libraries</a> are constructed in 'C' this way; Python even supplies its
-      <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/types.html">fundamental
-      types</a> using the same mechanism. An extension module can be statically
-      linked with the Python interpreter, but it more commonly resides in a
-      shared library or DLL.
-    <p>
-      As you can see from <a href= 
-      "http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/ext.html"> The Python Extending
-      and Embedding Tutorial</a>, writing an extension module normally means
-      worrying about
-    <ul>
-      <li>
-        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/refcounts.html">
-        maintaining reference counts</a>
-      <li>
-        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/callingPython.html"> how
-        to call back into Python</a>
-      <li>
-        <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/current/ext/parseTuple.html">
-        function argument parsing and typechecking</a>
-    </ul>
-    This last item typically occupies a great deal of code in an extension
-    module. Remember that Python is a completely dynamic language. A callable
-    object receives its arguments in a tuple; it is up to that object to extract
-    those arguments from the tuple, check their types, and raise appropriate
-    exceptions. There are numerous other tedious details that need to be
-    managed; too many to mention here. The Boost Python Library is designed to
-    lift most of that burden.<br>
-    <br>
-     
-    <p>
-      Another obstacle that most people run into eventually when extending
-      Python is that there's no way to make a true Python class in an extension
-      module. The typical solution is to create a new Python type in the
-      extension module, and then write an additional module in 100% Python. The
-      Python module defines a Python class which dispatches to an instance of
-      the extension type, which it contains. This allows users to write
-      subclasses of the class in the Python module, almost as though they were
-      sublcassing the extension type. Aside from being tedious, it's not really
-      the same as having a true class, because there's no way for the user to
-      override a method of the extension type which is called from the
-      extension module. BPL solves this problem by taking advantage of <a
-      href="http://www.python.org/doc/essays/metaclasses/">Python's metaclass
-      feature</a> to provide objects which look, walk, and hiss almost exactly
-      like regular Python classes. BPL classes are actually cleaner than
-      Python classes in some subtle ways; a more detailed discussion will
-      follow (someday).</p>
-    <p>Next: <a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons with Other Systems</a> Up: <a
-    href="index.html">Top</a> </p>
-    <p>
-      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-      any purpose.</p>
-

doc/index.html

@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
-    <title>
-      The Boost Python Library (BPL)
-    </title>
-    <h1>
-       <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" width="277"
-      align="center" height="86">The Boost Python Library (BPL)
-    </h1>
-
-<h2>Synopsis</h2>
-    <p>
-      Use the Boost Python Library to quickly and easily export a C++ library to <a
-      href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org">Python</a> such that the Python interface is
-      very similar to the C++ interface. It is designed to be minimally
-      intrusive on your C++ design. In most cases, you should not have to alter
-      your C++ classes in any way in order to use them with BPL. The system
-      <em>should</em> simply ``reflect'' your C++ classes and functions into
-      Python. The major features of BPL include support for:
-<ul>
-<li><a href="inheritance.html">Subclassing extension types in Python</a>
-<li><a href="overriding.html">Overriding virtual functions in Python</a>
-<li><a href="overloading.html">[Member] function Overloading</a>
-<li><a href="special.html#numeric_auto">Automatic wrapping of numeric operators</a>
-</ul>
-among others.
-
-
-<h2>Supported Platforms</h2>
-<p>BPL has been tested in the following configurations:
-
-<ul>
-<li>Against Python 1.5.2 using the following compiler/library: 
-
-  <ul>
-  <li><a
-  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a> 
-
-  <li><a
-  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a>/<a
-  href="http://www.stlport.org">STLport 4.0</a> 
-
-  <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">GCC 2.95.2</a> [by <a href="mailto:koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de">Ullrich
-  Koethe</a>]
-
-  <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">GCC 2.95.2</a>/<a href="http://www.stlport.org">STLport 4.0</a>
-
-  <li>Compaq C++ V6.2-024 for Digital UNIX V5.0 Rev. 910 (an <a
-  href="http://www.edg.com/">EDG</a>-based compiler) with <a
-  href="http://www.stlport.org/beta.html">STLport-4.1b3</a> [by <a
-  href="mailto:rwgk@cci.lbl.gov">Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve</a>] 
-
-  <li>An upcoming release of <a href="http://www.metrowerks.com/products/windows/">Metrowerks CodeWarrior
-        Pro6 for Windows</a> (the first release has a bug that's fatal to BPL)
-  </ul>
-<br>
-<li>Against Python 2.0 using the following compiler/library combinations:
-<ul>
-  <li><a
-  href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/sp/vs6sp4/dnldoverview.asp">MSVC++6sp4</a> [by
-  <a href="mailto:aleaxit@yahoo.com">Alex Martelli</a>]
-</ul>
-</ul>
-
-<h2>Credits</h2>
-<ul>
-      <li><a href="../../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">David Abrahams</a> originated
-      and wrote the library.
-
-      <li><a href="mailto:koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de">Ullrich Koethe</a>
-      had independently developed a similar system. When he discovered BPL,
-      he generously contributed countless hours of coding and much insight into
-      improving it. He is responsible for an early version of the support for <a
-      href="overloading.html">function overloading</a> and wrote the support for
-      <a href="inheritance.html#implicit_conversion">reflecting C++ inheritance
-      relationships</a>. He has helped to improve error-reporting from both
-      Python and C++, and has designed an extremely easy-to-use way of 
-      exposing <a href="special.html#numeric">numeric operators</a>, including
-      a way to avoid explicit coercion by means of overloading.
-
-      <li>The members of the boost mailing list and the Python community
-      supplied invaluable early feedback. In particular, Ron Clarke, Mark Evans,
-      Anton Gluck, Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve, Chuck Ingold, Prabhu Ramachandran,
-      and Barry Scott took the brave step of trying to use BPL while it was
-      still in early stages of development.
-
-      <li>The development of BPL wouldn't have been
-      possible without the generous support of <a href="http://www.dragonsys.com/">Dragon Systems/Lernout and
-      Hauspie, Inc</a> who supported its development as an open-source project.
-</ul>
-
-    <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
-
-    <ol>
-      <li><a href="extending.html">A Brief Introduction to writing Python
-        extension modules</a>
-
-      <li><a href="comparisons.html">Comparisons between BPL and other
-        systems for extending Python</a>
-
-      <li><a href="example1.html">A Simple Example</a>
-
-      <li><a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
-
-      <li><a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
-
-      <li><a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a>
-
-      <li><a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
-
-      <li><a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
-
-      <li><a href="building.html">Building an Extension Module</a>
-
-      <li>Advanced Topics
-
-        <ol>
-          <li>Pickling
-
-          <li>class_builder&lt;&gt;
-
-          <li><a href="enums.html">enums</a>
-
-          <li>References
-
-          <li><a href="pointers.html">Pointers and Smart Pointers</a>
-
-          <li>Built-in Python Types
-
-          <li>Other Extension Types
-
-          <li>Templates
-          
-          <li><a href="data_structures.txt">Internal Data Structures</a>
-        </ol>
-          
-</ol>  
- 
-    <p>
-      Documentation is a major ongoing project; assistance is greatly
-      appreciated! In the meantime, useful examples of every BPL feature should
-      be evident in the regression test files <code>test/comprehensive.[<a
-      href="../test/comprehensive.py">py</a>/<a
-      href="../test/comprehensive.hpp">hpp</a>/<a
-      href="../test/comprehensive.cpp">cpp</a>]</code>
-
-    <p>
-       Questions should be directed to <a href= 
-      "http://www.egroups.com/list/boost">the boost mailing list</a>.
-
-    <p>
-       &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as is'' without
-      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-      any purpose.
-    <p>
-       Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-

doc/inheritance.html

@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      Inheritance
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Inheritance
-      </h1>
-
-<h2>Inheritance in Python</h2>
-
-      <p>
-         BPL extension classes support single and multiple-inheritance in
-         Python, just like regular Python classes. You can arbitrarily mix
-         built-in Python classes with extension classes in a derived class'
-         tuple of bases. Whenever a BPL extension class is among the bases for a
-         new class in Python, the result is an extension class:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class MyPythonClass:
-...     def f(): return 'MyPythonClass.f()'
-...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; import my_extension_module
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class Derived(my_extension_module.MyExtensionClass, MyPythonClass):
-...     '''This is an extension class'''
-...     pass
-...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x = Derived()
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.f()
-'MyPythonClass.f()'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.g()
-'MyExtensionClass.g()'
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-
-<h2><a name="implicit_conversion">Reflecting C++ Inheritance Relationships</a></h2>
-      <p>
-        BPL also allows us to represent C++ inheritance relationships so that
-        wrapped derived classes may be passed where values, pointers, or
-        references to a base class are expected as arguments. The
-        <code>declare_base</code> member function of
-        <code>class_builder&lt;&gt;</code> is used to establish the relationship
-        between base and derived classes:
-
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-#include &lt;memory&gt; // for std::auto_ptr&lt;&gt;
-
-struct Base {
-    virtual ~Base() {}
-    virtual const char* name() const { return "Base"; }
-};
-
-struct Derived : Base {
-    Derived() : x(-1) {}
-    virtual const char* name() const { return "Derived"; }
-    int x;
-};
-
-std::auto_ptr&lt;Base&gt; derived_as_base() {
-    return std::auto_ptr&lt;Base&gt;(new Derived);
-}
-
-const char* get_name(const Base& b) {
-    return b.name();
-}
-
-int get_derived_x(const Derived& d) {
-    return d.x;
-}
-    <hr>
-#include &lt;boost/python/class_builder.hpp&gt;
-
-// namespace alias for code brevity
-namespace python = boost::python;
-
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-void initmy_module()
-{
-    try
-    {
-       python::module_builder my_module("my_module");
-
-       python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base_class(my_module, "Base");
-       base_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
-
-       python::class_builder&lt;Derived&gt; derived_class(my_module, "Derived");
-       derived_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
-       <b>// Establish the inheritance relationship between Base and Derived
-       derived_class.declare_base(base_class);</b>
-
-       my_module.def(derived_as_base, "derived_as_base");
-       my_module.def(get_name, "get_name");
-       my_module.def(get_derived_x, "get_derived_x");
-    }
-    catch(...)
-    {
-       python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
-    }
-}
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>
-   Then, in Python:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; from my_module import *
-&gt;&gt;&gt; base = Base()
-&gt;&gt;&gt; derived = Derived()
-&gt;&gt;&gt; get_name(base)
-'Base'
-</pre><i>objects of wrapped class Derived may be passed where Base is expected</i><pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; get_name(derived) 
-'Derived'
-</pre><i>objects of wrapped class Derived can be passed where Derived is 
-expected but where type information has been lost.</i><pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; get_derived_x(derived_as_base()) 
--1
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-
-<h2>Inheritance Without Virtual Functions</h2>
-
-<p>
-  If for some reason your base class has no virtual functions but you still want
-  to represent the inheritance relationship between base and derived classes,
-  pass the special symbol <code>boost::python::without_downcast</code> as the 2nd parameter
-  to <code>declare_base</code>:
-
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-struct Base2 {};
-struct Derived2 { int f(); };
-<hr>
-   ...
-   python::class_builder&lt;Base&gt; base2_class(my_module, "Base2");
-   base2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
-
-   python::class_builder&lt;Derived2&gt; derived2_class(my_module, "Derived2");
-   derived2_class.def(python::constructor&lt;void&gt;());
-   derived_class.declare_base(base_class, <b>python::without_downcast</b>);
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>This approach will allow <code>Derived2</code> objects to be passed where
- <code>Base2</code> is expected, but does not attempt to implicitly convert (downcast)
- smart-pointers to <code>Base2</code> into <code>Derived2</code> pointers,
- references, or values.
-
-      <p>
-         Next: <a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
-         Previous: <a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
-        for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/overloading.html

@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      Function Overloading
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Function Overloading
-      </h1>
-
-<h2>An Example</h2>
-      <p>
-        To expose overloaded functions in Python, simply <code>def()</code> each
-        one with the same Python name:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-inline int f1() { return 3; }
-inline int f2(int x) { return x + 1; }
-
-class X {
-public:
-    X() : m_value(0) {}
-    X(int n) : m_value(n) {}
-    int value() const { return m_value; }
-    void value(int v) { m_value = v; }
-private:
-    int m_value;
-};
-  ...
-
-void initoverload_demo()
-{
-    try
-    {
-        boost::python::module_builder overload_demo("overload_demo");
-        // Overloaded functions at module scope
-        overload_demo.def(f1, "f");
-        overload_demo.def(f2, "f");
-
-        boost::python::class_builder&lt;X&gt; x_class(overload_demo, "X");
-        // Overloaded constructors
-        x_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
-        x_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int&gt;());
-
-        // Overloaded member functions
-        x_class.def((int (X::*)() const)&amp;X::value, "value");
-        x_class.def((void (X::*)(int))&amp;X::value, "value");
-  ...
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-
-      <p>
-        Now in Python:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
->>> from overload_demo import *
->>> x0 = X()
->>> x1 = X(1)
->>> x0.value()
-0
->>> x1.value()
-1
->>> x0.value(3)
->>> x0.value()
-3
->>> X('hello')
-TypeError: No overloaded functions match (X, string). Candidates are:
-void (*)()
-void (*)(int)
->>> f()
-3
->>> f(4)
-5
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-
-<h2>Discussion</h2>
-      <p>
-        Notice that overloading in the Python module was produced three ways:<ol>
-        <li>by combining the non-overloaded C++ functions <code>int f1()</code>
-        and <code>int f2(int)</code> and exposing them as <code>f</code> in Python.
-        <li>by exposing the overloaded constructors of <code>class X</code>
-        <li>by exposing the overloaded member functions <code>X::value</code>.
-        </ol>
-      <p>
-        Techniques 1. and 3. above are really alternatives. In case 3, you need
-        to form a pointer to each of the overloaded functions. The casting
-        syntax shown above is one way to do that in C++. Case 1 does not require
-        complicated-looking casts, but may not be viable if you can't change
-        your C++ interface. N.B. There's really nothing unsafe about casting an
-        overloaded (member) function address this way: the compiler won't let
-        you write it at all unless you get it right.
-
-<h2>An Alternative to Casting</h2>
-      <p>
-        This approach is not neccessarily better, but may be preferable for some
-        people who have trouble writing out the types of (member) function
-        pointers or simply prefer to avoid all casts as a matter of principle:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-// Forwarding functions for X::value
-inline void set_x_value(X&amp; self, int v) { self.value(v); }
-inline int get_x_value(X&amp; self) { return self.value(); }
-   ...
-        // Overloaded member functions
-        x_class.def(set_x_value, "value");
-        x_class.def(get_x_value, "value");
-</pre>
-</blockquote>
-<p>Here we are taking advantage of the ability to expose C++ functions at
-namespace scope as Python member functions.
-
-<h2>Overload Resolution</h2>
-      <p>
-        The function overload resolution mechanism  works as follows:
-
-        <ul>
-
-        <li>Attribute lookup for extension classes proceeds in <a
-        href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/tut/node11.html#SECTION0011510000000000000000">the
-        usual Python way</a> using a depth-first, left-to-right search. When a
-        class is found which has a matching attribute, only functions overloaded
-        in the context of that class are candidates for overload resolution. In
-        this sense, overload resolution mirrors the C++ mechanism, where a name
-        in a derived class ``hides'' all functions with the same name from a base
-        class.
-        <p>
-
-        <li>Within a name-space context (extension class or module), overloaded
-        functions are tried in the same order they were
-        <code>def()</code>ed. The first function whose signature can be made to
-        match each argument passed is the one which is ultimately called. 
-        This means in particular that you cannot overload the same function on 
-        both ``<code>int</code>'' and ``<code>float</code>'' because Python 
-        automatically converts either of the two types into the other one. 
-        If the ``<code>float</code>'' overload is found first, it is used 
-        also used for arguments of type ``<code>int</code>'' as well, and the 
-        ``<code>int</code>'' version of the function is never invoked.
-        </ul>
-
-      <p>
-         Next: <a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a>
-         Previous: <a href="overriding.html">Overridable Virtual Functions</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided ``as
-        is'' without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to
-        its suitability for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/overriding.html

@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
-
-    <title>Overridable Virtual Functions</title>
-
-    <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center"
-    width="277" height="86"> 
-
-    <h1>Overridable Virtual Functions</h1>
-
-<p> 
-  In the <a href="example1.html">previous example</a> we exposed a simple
-  C++ class in Python and showed that we could write a subclass. We even
-  redefined one of the functions in our derived class. Now we will learn
-  how to make the function behave virtually <em>when called from C++</em>. 
-
-
-<h2><a name="overriding_example">Example</a></h2>
-
-<p>In this example, it is assumed that <code>world::greet()</code> is a virtual
-member function:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-class world
-{
- public:
-    world(int);
-    virtual ~world();
-    <b>virtual</b> std::string greet() const { return "hi, world"; }
-};
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>
-  We'll need a derived class<a href="#why_derived">*</a> to help us
-  dispatch the call to Python. In our derived class, we need the following
-  elements:
-
-<ol>
-
-  <li><a name="derived_1">A</a> <code>PyObject*</code> data member that holds a
-  reference to the corresponding Python object.
-
-  <li><a name="derived_2">A</a> constructor for each exposed constructor of the
-  base class which stores an additional initial <code>PyObject*</code> argument
-  in the data member described above.
-
-  <li><a name="derived_3">An</a> implementation of each virtual function you may
-  wish to override in Python which uses
-  <code>boost::python::callback&lt<i>return-type</i>&gt;::call_method()</code> to call
-  the Python override.
-
-  <li><a name="derived_4">For</a> each non-pure virtual function meant to be
-  overridable from Python, a static member function (or a free function) taking
-  a reference or pointer to the base type as the first parameter and which
-  forwards any additional parameters neccessary to the <i>default</i>
-  implementation of the virtual function. See also <a href="#private">this
-  note</a> if the base class virtual function is private.
-
-</ol>
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-struct world_callback : world
-{
-    world_callback(PyObject* self, int x) // <a href="#derived_2">2</a>
-        : world(x),
-          m_self(self) {}
-
-    std::string greet() const // <a href="#derived_3">3</a>
-        { return boost::python::callback&lt;std::string&gt;::call_method(m_self, "get"); }
-
-    static std::string <a name= "default_implementation">default_get</a>(const hello::world& self) const // <a href="#derived_4">4</a>
-        { return self.world::greet(); }
- private:
-    PyObject* m_self; // <a href="#derived_1">1</a>
-};
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>
-  Finally, we add <code>world_callback</code> to the <code>
-  class_builder&lt;&gt;</code> declaration in our module initialization
-  function, and when we define the function, we must tell py_cpp about the default
-  implementation:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-// Create the <a name=
-"world_class">Python type object</a> for our extension class
-boost::python::class_builder&lt;hello::world<strong>,world_callback&gt;</strong> world_class(hello, "world");
-// Add a virtual member function
-world_class.def(&amp;world::get, "get", &amp;<b>world_callback::default_get</b>);
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>
- Now our subclass of <code>hello.world</code> behaves as expected:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class my_subclass(hello.world):
-...     def greet(self):
-...         return 'hello, world'
-...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; hello.length(my_subclass())
-12
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-    <p>
-      <a name="why_derived">*</a>You may ask, "Why do we need this derived
-      class? This could have been designed so that everything gets done right
-      inside of <code>hello::world</code>." One of the goals of py_cpp is to be
-      minimally intrusive on an existing C++ design. In principle, it should be
-      possible to expose the interface for a 3rd party library without changing
-      it. To unintrusively hook into the virtual functions so that a Python
-      override may be called, we must use a derived class.
-
-<h2>Pure Virtual Functions</h2>
-
-    <p>
-      A pure virtual function with no implementation is actually a lot easier to
-      deal with than a virtual function with a default implementation. First of
-      all, you obviously don't need to <a href="#default_implementation"> supply
-      a default implementation</a>. Secondly, you don't need to call
-      <code>def()</code> on the <code>extension_class&lt;&gt;</code> instance
-      for the virtual function. In fact, you wouldn't <em>want</em> to: if the
-      corresponding attribute on the Python class stays undefined, you'll get an
-      <code>AttributeError</code> in Python when you try to call the function,
-      indicating that it should have been implemented. For example:
-    <blockquote>
-<pre>
-struct baz {
-    <strong>virtual</strong> int pure(int) = 0;
-};
-
-struct baz_callback {
-    int pure(int x) { boost::python::callback&lt;int&gt;::call_method(m_self, "pure", x); }
-};
-
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-initfoobar()
-{
-    try
-    {
-       boost::python::module_builder foobar("foobar");
-       boost::python::class_builder&lt;baz,baz_callback&gt; baz_class("baz");
-       baz_class.def(&amp;baz::pure, "pure");
-    }
-    catch(...)
-    {
-       boost::python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
-    }
-}
-</pre>
-    </blockquote>
-    <p>
-      Now in Python:
-    <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; from foobar import baz
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x = baz()
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.pure(1)
-Traceback (innermost last):
-  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
-AttributeError: pure
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class mumble(baz):
-...    def pure(self, x): return x + 1
-...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; y = mumble()
-&gt;&gt;&gt; y.pure(99)
-100
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<a name="private"><h2>Private Non-Pure Virtual Functions</h2></a>
-
-<p>This is one area where some minor intrusiveness on the wrapped library is
-required. Once it has been overridden, the only way to call the base class
-implementation of a private virtual function is to make the derived class a
-friend of the base class. You didn't hear it from me, but most C++
-implementations will allow you to change the declaration of the base class in
-this limited way without breaking binary compatibility (though it will certainly
-break the <a
-href="http://cs.calvin.edu/c++/C++Standard-Nov97/basic.html#basic.def.odr">ODR</a>).
-
-    <p>
-      Next: <a href="overloading.html">Function Overloading</a>
-      Previous: <a href="example1.html">A Simple Example Using py_cpp</a>
-      Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-    <p>
-      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-      any purpose.
-    <p>
-      Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-

doc/pointers.html

@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      Pointers
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Pointers
-      </h1>
-
-<h2><a name="problem">The Problem With Pointers</a></h2>
-
-      <p>
-In general, raw pointers passed to or returned from functions are problematic
-for BPL because pointers have too many potential meanings. Is it an iterator?
-A pointer to a single element? An array? When used as a return value, is the
-caller expected to manage (delete) the pointed-to object or is the pointer
-really just a reference? If the latter, what happens to Python references to the
-referent when some C++ code deletes it?
-<p>
-There are a few cases in which pointers are converted automatically:
-<ul>
-
-<li>Both const- and non-const pointers to wrapped class instances can be passed
-<i>to</i> C++ functions. 
-
-<li>Values of type <code>const char*</code> are interpreted as
-null-terminated 'C' strings and when passed to or returned from C++ functions are
-converted from/to Python strings.
-
-</ul>
-
-<h3>Can you avoid the problem?</h3>
-
-<p>My first piece of advice to anyone with a case not covered above is
-``find a way to avoid the problem.'' For example, if you have just one
-or two functions that return a pointer to an individual <code>const
-T</code>, and <code>T</code> is a wrapped class, you may be able to write a ``thin
-converting wrapper'' over those two functions as follows:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-const Foo* f(); // original function
-const Foo& f_wrapper() { return *f(); }
-  ...
-my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
-</pre></blockquote>
-<p>
-Foo must have a public copy constructor for this technique to work, since BPL
-converts <code>const T&</code> values <code>to_python</code> by copying the <code>T</code>
-value into a new extension instance.
-
-<h2>Dealing with the problem</h2>
-
-<p>The first step in handling the remaining cases is to figure out what the pointer
-means. Several potential solutions are provided in the examples that follow:
-
-<h3>Returning a pointer to a wrapped type</h3>
-
-<h4>Returning a const pointer</h4>
-
-<p>If you have lots of functions returning a <code>const T*</code> for some
-wrapped <code>T</code>, you may want to provide an automatic
-<code>to_python</code> conversion function so you don't have to write lots of
-thin wrappers. You can do this simply as follows:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
-  PyObject* to_python(const Foo* p) {
-     return to_python(*p); // convert const Foo* in terms of const Foo&
-  }
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<h4>If you can't (afford to) copy the referent, or the pointer is non-const</h4>
-
-<p>If the wrapped type doesn't have a public copy constructor, if copying is
-<i>extremely</i> costly (remember, we're dealing with Python here), or if the
-pointer is non-const and you really need to be able to modify the referent from
-Python, you can use the following dangerous trick. Why dangerous? Because python
-can not control the lifetime of the referent, so it may be destroyed by your C++
-code before the last Python reference to it disappears:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
-  PyObject* to_python(Foo* p)
-  {
-      return boost::python::PyExtensionClassConverters<Foo>::ptr_to_python(p);
-  }
-
-  PyObject* to_python(const Foo* p)
-  {
-      return to_python(const_cast<Foo*>(p));
-  }
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-This will cause the Foo* to be treated as though it were an owning smart
-pointer, even though it's not. Be sure you don't use the reference for anything
-from Python once the pointer becomes invalid, though. Don't worry too much about
-the <code>const_cast&lt;&gt;</code> above: Const-correctness is completely lost
-to Python anyway!
-
-<h3>[In/]Out Parameters and Immutable Types</h3>
-
-<p>If you have an interface that uses non-const pointers (or references) as
-in/out parameters to types which in Python are immutable (e.g. int, string),
-there simply is <i>no way</i> to get the same interface in Python. You must
-resort to transforming your interface with simple thin wrappers as shown below:
-<blockquote><pre>
-const void f(int* in_out_x); // original function
-const int f_wrapper(int in_x) { f(in_x); return in_x; }
-  ...
-my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>Of course, [in/]out parameters commonly occur only when there is already a
-return value. You can handle this case by returning a Python tuple:
-<blockquote><pre>
-typedef unsigned ErrorCode;
-const char* f(int* in_out_x); // original function
- ...
-#include &lt;boost/python/objects.hpp&gt;
-const boost::python::tuple f_wrapper(int in_x) { 
-  const char* s = f(in_x); 
-  return boost::python::tuple(s, in_x);
-}
-  ...
-my_module.def(f_wrapper, "f");
-</pre></blockquote>
-<p>Now, in Python:
-<blockquote><pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; str,out_x = f(3)
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>
-         Previous: <a href="enums.html">Enums</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
-        for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/special.html

@@ -1,905 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
-    <title>
-      Special Method and Operator Support
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="middle" src= 
-        "../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">Special Method and
-        Operator Support
-      </h1>
-      <h2>
-         Overview
-      </h2>
-      <p>
-         BPL supports all of the standard <a href=
-        "http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
-        special method names</a> supported by real Python class instances <em>
-        except</em> <code>__complex__</code> (more on the reasons <a href=
-        "#reasons">below</a>). In addition, it can quickly and easily expose
-        suitable C++ functions and operators as Python operators. The following
-        categories of special method names are supported:
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#general">Basic Customization</a>
-<li><a href="#numeric">Numeric Operators</a>
-<li><a href="#sequence_and_mapping">Sequence and Mapping protocols</a>
-<li><a href="#getter_setter">Attribute Getters and Setters</a>
-</ul>
-
-<h2><a name="general">Basic Customization</a></h2>
-
-
-<p>
-      Python provides a number of special operators for basic customization of a
-      class. Only a brief description is provided below; more complete
-      documentation can be found <a
-      href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/customization.html">here</a>.
-
-      <dl>
-        <dt>
-          <b><tt class='method'>__init__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
-        <dd>
-          Initialize the class instance. For extension classes not subclassed in
-          Python, <code> __init__</code> is defined by 
-          
-          <pre>    my_class.def(boost::python::constructor<...>())</pre> 
-          
-          (see section <a href="example1.html">"A Simple Example Using BPL"</a>).<p>
-        <dt>
-          <b><tt class='method'>__del__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
-        <dd>
-          Called when the extension instance is about to be destroyed. For extension classes 
-          not subclassed in Python, <code> __del__</code> is always defined automatically by 
-          means of the class' destructor.
-        <dt>
-          <b><tt class='method'>__repr__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
-        <dd>
-          Create a string representation from which the object can be
-          reconstructed.
-        <dt>
-          <b><tt class='method'>__str__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
-        <dd>
-          Create a string representation which is suitable for printing.
-        <dt>
-          <b><tt class='method'>__cmp__</tt></b>(<i>self, other</i>)
-        <dd>
-          Three-way compare function, used to implement comparison operators
-          (&lt; etc.) Should return a negative integer if <code> self < other
-          </code> , zero if <code> self == other </code> , a positive integer if
-          <code> self > other </code>.
-        <dt>
-          <b><tt class='method'>__hash__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
-        <dd>
-          Called for the key object for dictionary operations, and by the
-          built-in function hash(). Should return a 32-bit integer usable as a
-          hash value for dictionary operations (only allowed if __cmp__ is also
-          defined)
-        <dt>
-          <b><tt class='method'>__nonzero__</tt></b>(<i>self</i>)
-        <dd>
-          called if the object is used as a truth value (e.g. in an if
-          statement)
-        <dt>
-        <b><tt class='method'>__call__</tt></b> (<var>self</var><big>[</big><var>, args...</var><big>]</big>)
-<dd>
-Called when the instance is ``called'' as a function; if this method
-is defined, <code><var>x</var>(arg1, arg2, ...)</code> is a shorthand for
-<code><var>x</var>.__call__(arg1, arg2, ...)</code>.
-      </dl>
-
-      If we have a suitable C++ function that supports any of these features,
-      we can export it like any other function, using its Python special name.
-      For example, suppose that class <code>Foo</code> provides a string
-      conversion function: 
-<blockquote><pre>
-std::string to_string(Foo const&amp; f)
-{
-    std::ostringstream s;
-    s &lt;&lt; f;
-    return s.str();
-}
-</pre></blockquote>
-      This function would be wrapped like this: 
-<blockquote><pre>
-boost::python::class_builder&lt;Foo&gt; foo_class(my_module, "Foo");
-foo_class.def(&amp;to_string, "__str__");
-</pre></blockquote>
-      Note that BPL also supports <em>automatic wrapping</em> of
-      <code>__str__</code> and <code>__cmp__</code>. This is explained in the <a
-      href="#numeric">next section</a> and the <a href="#numeric_table">Table of
-      Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>.
-
-<h2><a name="numeric">Numeric Operators</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-      Numeric operators can be exposed manually, by <code>def</code>ing C++
-      [member] functions that support the standard Python <a
-      href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/numeric-types.html">numeric
-      protocols</a>. This is the same basic technique used to expose
-      <code>to_string()</code> as <code>__str__()</code> above, and is <a
-      href="#numeric_manual">covered in detail below</a>.  BPL also supports
-      <i>automatic wrapping</i> of numeric operators whenever they have already
-      been defined in C++.
-
-<h3><a name="numeric_auto">Exposing C++ Operators Automatically</a></h3>
-
-<p>
-Supose we wanted to expose a C++ class
-      <code>BigNum</code> which supports addition. That is, in C++ we can write:
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum a, b, c;
-...
-c = a + b;
-</pre></blockquote>
-<p>
-      To enable the same functionality in Python, we first wrap the <code>
-      BigNum</code> class as usual: 
-<blockquote><pre>
-boost::python::class_builder&lt;BigNum&gt; bignum_class(my_module, "BigNum");
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
-...
-</pre></blockquote>
-      Then we export the addition operator like this: 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;());
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      Since BigNum also supports subtraction, multiplication, and division, we
-      want to export those also. This can be done in a single command by
-      ``or''ing the operator identifiers together (a complete list of these
-      identifiers and the corresponding operators can be found in the <a href= 
-      "#numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>):
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(boost::python::op_sub | boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_div)&gt;());
-</pre></blockquote>
-      [Note that the or-expression must be enclosed in parentheses.]
-
-<p>This form of operator definition can be used to wrap unary and
-      homogeneous binary operators (a <i>homogeneous</i> operator has left and
-      right operands of the same type). Now suppose that our C++ library also
-      supports addition of BigNums and plain integers:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum a, b;
-int i;
-...
-a = b + i;
-a = i + b;
-</pre></blockquote>
-      To wrap these heterogeneous operators, we need to specify a different type for
-      one of the operands. This is done using the <code>right_operand</code>
-      and <code>left_operand</code> templates: 
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;(), boost::python::right_operand&lt;int&gt;());
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add&gt;(), boost::python::left_operand&lt;int&gt;());
-</pre></blockquote>
-      BPL uses overloading to register several variants of the same
-      operation (more on this in the context of <a href="#coercion">
-      coercion</a>). Again, several operators can be exported at once: 
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(boost::python::op_sub | boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_div)&gt;(),
-                 boost::python::right_operand&lt;int&gt;());
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;(boost::python::op_sub | boost::python::op_mul | boost::python::op_div)&gt;(), 
-                 boost::python::left_operand&lt;int&gt;());
-</pre></blockquote>
-      The type of the operand not mentioned is taken from the class being wrapped. In
-      our example, the class object is <code>bignum_class</code>, and thus the
-      other operand's type is ``<code>BigNum const&amp;</code>''. You can override
-      this default by explicitly specifying a type in the <code>
-      operators</code> template: 
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def(boost::python::operators&lt;boost::python::op_add, BigNum&gt;(), boost::python::right_operand&lt;int&gt;());
-</pre></blockquote>
-      <p>
-        Note that automatic wrapping uses the <em>expression</em>
-        ``<code>left + right</code>'' and can be used uniformly
-        regardless of whether the C++ operators are supplied as free functions
-
- <blockquote><pre>
-BigNum operator+(BigNum, BigNum)
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-        or as member functions
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum::operator+(BigNum).
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      <p>
-        For the Python built-in functions <code>pow()</code> and
-        <code>abs()</code>, there is no corresponding C++ operator. Instead,
-        automatic wrapping attempts to wrap C++ functions of the same name. This
-        only works if those functions are known in namespace
-        <code>python</code>.  On some compilers (e.g. MSVC) it might be
-        necessary to add a using declaration prior to wrapping:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-  using my_namespace::pow;
-  using my_namespace::abs;
-}
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<h3><a name="numeric_manual">Wrapping Numeric Operators Manually</a></h3>
-      <p>
-        In some cases, automatic wrapping of operators may be impossible or
-        undesirable. Suppose, for example, that the modulo operation for BigNums
-        is defined by a set of functions called <code>mod()</code>:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum mod(BigNum const&amp; left, BigNum const&amp; right);
-BigNum mod(BigNum const&amp; left, int right);
-BigNum mod(int left, BigNum const&amp; right);
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-     <p>
-        For automatic wrapping of the modulo function, <code>operator%()</code> would be needed.
-        Therefore, the <code>mod()</code>-functions must be wrapped manually. That is, we have 
-        to export them explicitly with the Python special name "__mod__":
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def((BigNum (*)(BigNum const&amp;, BigNum const&amp;))&amp;mod, "__mod__");
-bignum_class.def((BigNum (*)(BigNum const&amp;, int))&amp;mod, "__mod__");
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>
-      The third form of <code>mod()</code> (with <code>int</code> as left operand) cannot 
-      be wrapped directly. We must first create a function <code>rmod()</code> with the
-      operands reversed: 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum rmod(BigNum const&amp; right, int left)
-{
-    return mod(left, right);
-}
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      This function must be wrapped under the name "__rmod__" (standing for "reverse mod"): 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def(&amp;rmod,  "__rmod__");
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      Many of the possible operator names can be found in the <a href=
-      "#numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a>. Special treatment is
-      necessary to export the <a href="#ternary_pow">ternary pow</a> operator.
-
-      <p>
-        Automatic and manual wrapping can be mixed arbitrarily. Note that you
-        cannot overload the same operator for a given extension class on both
-        ``<code>int</code>'' and ``<code>float</code>'', because Python implicitly
-        converts these types into each other. Thus, the overloaded variant
-        found first (be it ``<code>int</code>`` or ``<code>float</code>'') will be
-        used for either of the two types.
-
-<h3><a name="coercion">Coercion</a></h3>
-
-
-      Plain Python can only execute operators with identical types on the left
-      and right hand side. If it encounters an expression where the types of
-      the left and right operand differ, it tries to coerce these types to a
-      common type before invoking the actual operator. Implementing good
-      coercion functions can be difficult if many type combinations must be
-      supported. 
-      <p>
-        BPL solves this problem the same way that C++ does: with <em><a
-        href="overloading.html">overloading</a></em>. This technique drastically
-        simplifies the code neccessary to support operators: you just register
-        operators for all desired type combinations, and BPL automatically
-        ensures that the correct function is called in each case; there is no
-        need for user-defined coercion functions. To enable operator
-        overloading, BPL provides a standard coercion which is <em>implicitly
-        registered</em> whenever automatic operator wrapping is used.
-      <p>
-        If you wrap all operator functions manually, but still want to use
-        operator overloading, you have to register the standard coercion
-        function explicitly:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-// this is not necessary if automatic operator wrapping is used
-bignum_class.def_standard_coerce();
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      If you encounter a situation where you absolutely need a customized
-      coercion, you can still define the "__coerce__" operator manually. The signature
-      of a coercion function should look like one of the following (the first is
-      the safest):
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-boost::python::tuple custom_coerce(boost::python::reference left, boost::python::reference right);
-boost::python::tuple custom_coerce(PyObject* left, PyObject* right);
-PyObject* custom_coerce(PyObject* left, PyObject* right);
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      The resulting <code>tuple</code> must contain two elements which
-      represent the values of <code>left</code> and <code>right</code>
-      converted to the same type. Such a function is wrapped as usual: 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-// this must be called before any use of automatic operator  
-// wrapping or a call to some_class.def_standard_coerce()
-some_class.def(&amp;custom_coerce, "__coerce__");
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-     Note that the standard coercion (defined by use of automatic 
-     operator wrapping on a <code>class_builder</code> or a call to
-     <code>class_builder::def_standard_coerce()</code>) will never be applied if
-     a custom coercion function has been registered. Therefore, in 
-     your coercion function you should call 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-boost::python::standard_coerce(left, right);
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-     for all cases that you don't want to handle yourself.
-
-<h3><a name="ternary_pow">The Ternary <code>pow()</code> Operator</a></h3>
-
-    <p>
-      In addition to the usual binary <code>pow(x, y)</code> operator (meaning
-      <i>x<sup>y</sup></i>), Python also provides a ternary variant that implements
-      <i>x<sup>y</sup> <b>mod</b> z</i>, presumably using a more efficient algorithm than
-      concatenation of power and modulo operators. Automatic operator wrapping
-      can only be used with the binary variant. Ternary <code>pow()</code> must
-      always be wrapped manually. For a homgeneous ternary <code>pow()</code>,
-      this is done as usual: 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum power(BigNum const&amp; first, BigNum const&amp; second, BigNum const&amp; modulus);
-typedef BigNum (ternary_function1)(const BigNum&amp;, const BigNum&amp;, const BigNum&amp;);
-...
-bignum_class.def((ternary_function1)&amp;power,  "__pow__");
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      If you want to support this function with non-uniform argument
-      types, wrapping is a little more involved. Suppose you have to wrap: 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum power(BigNum const&amp; first, int second, int modulus);
-BigNum power(int first, BigNum const&amp; second, int modulus);
-BigNum power(int first, int second, BigNum const&amp; modulus);
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      The first variant can be wrapped as usual: 
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-typedef BigNum (ternary_function2)(const BigNum&amp;, int, int);
-bignum_class.def((ternary_function2)&amp;power,  "__pow__");
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      In the second variant, however, <code>BigNum</code> appears only as second
-      argument, and in the last one it's the third argument. These functions
-      must be presented to BPL such that that the <code>BigNum</code>
-      argument appears in first position:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-BigNum rpower(BigNum const&amp; second, int first, int modulus)
-{
-    return power(first, second, modulus);
-}
-
-BigNum rrpower(BigNum const&amp; modulus, int first, int second)
-{
-    return power(first, second, modulus);
-}
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>These functions must be wrapped under the names "__rpow__" and "__rrpow__"
- respectively:
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-bignum_class.def((ternary_function2)&amp;rpower,  "__rpow__");
-bignum_class.def((ternary_function2)&amp;rrpower,  "__rrpow__");
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-Note that "__rrpow__" is an extension not present in plain Python. 
-
-<h2><a name="numeric_table">Table of Automatically Wrapped Methods</a></h2>
-      <p>
-         BPL can automatically wrap the following <a href=
-         "http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/specialnames.html">
-         special methods</a>:
-
-      <p>
-      <table summary="special numeric methods" cellpadding="5" border="1"
-      width="100%">
-        <tr>
-          <td align="center">
-            <b>Python Operator Name</b>
-          <td align="center">
-            <b>Python Expression</b>
-          <td align="center">
-            <b>C++ Operator Id</b>
-          <td align="center">
-            <b>C++ Expression Used For Automatic Wrapping</b><br>
-             with <code>cpp_left = from_python(left,
-            type&lt;Left&gt;())</code>,<br>
-             <code>cpp_right = from_python(right,
-            type&lt;Right&gt;())</code>,<br>
-             and <code>cpp_oper = from_python(oper, type&lt;Oper&gt;())</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__add__, __radd__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left + right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_add</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left + cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__sub__, __rsub__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left - right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_sub</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left - cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__mul__, __rmul__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left * right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_mul</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left * cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__div__, __rdiv__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left / right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_div</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left / cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__mod__, __rmod__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left % right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_mod</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left % cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__divmod__, __rdivmod__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>(quotient, remainder)<br>
-            = divmod(left, right)</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_divmod</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left / cpp_right</code>
-        <br><code>cpp_left % cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__pow__, __rpow__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>pow(left, right)</code><br>
-             (binary power)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_pow</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>pow(cpp_left, cpp_right)</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__rrpow__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>pow(left, right, modulo)</code><br>
-             (ternary power modulo)
-          <td colspan="2">
-            no automatic wrapping, <a href="#ternary_pow">special treatment</a>
-            required
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__lshift__, __rlshift__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left &lt;&lt; right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_lshift</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left &lt;&lt; cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__rshift__, __rrshift__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left &gt;&gt; right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_rshift</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left &gt;&gt; cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__and__, __rand__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left &amp; right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_and</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left &amp; cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__xor__, __rxor__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left ^ right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_xor</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left ^ cpp_right</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__or__, __ror__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>left | right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_or</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left | cpp_right</code>
-
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__cmp__, __rcmp__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cmp(left, right)</code><br>
-             <code>left &lt; right</code><br>
-             <code>left &lt;= right</code><br>
-             <code>left &gt; right</code><br>
-             <code>left &gt;= right</code><br>
-             <code>left == right</code><br>
-             <code>left != right</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>op_cmp</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>cpp_left &lt; cpp_right </code>
-        <br><code>cpp_right &lt; cpp_left</code>
-
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__neg__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>-oper </code> (unary negation)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_neg</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>-cpp_oper</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__pos__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>+oper </code> (identity)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_pos</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>+cpp_oper</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__abs__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>abs(oper) </code> (absolute value)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_abs</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>abs(cpp_oper)</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__invert__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>~oper </code> (bitwise inversion)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_invert</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>~cpp_oper</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__int__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>int(oper) </code> (integer conversion)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_int</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>long(cpp_oper)</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__long__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>long(oper) </code><br>
-             (infinite precision integer conversion)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_long</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>PyLong_FromLong(cpp_oper)</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__float__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>float(oper) </code> (float conversion)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_float</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>double(cpp_oper)</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__str__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>str(oper) </code> (string conversion)
-          <td>
-            <code>op_str</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>std::ostringstream s; s &lt;&lt; oper;</code>
-        <tr>
-          <td>
-            <code>__coerce__</code>
-          <td>
-            <code>coerce(left, right)</code>
-          <td colspan="2">
-            usually defined automatically, otherwise <a href="#coercion">
-            special treatment</a> required
-      </table>
-
-<h2><a name="sequence_and_mapping">Sequence and Mapping Operators</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-      Sequence and mapping operators let wrapped objects behave in accordance
-      to Python's iteration and access protocols. These protocols differ
-      considerably from the ones found in C++. For example, Python's typical
-      iteration idiom looks like
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-for i in S:
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-      while in C++ one writes
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-for (iterator i = S.begin(), end = S.end(); i != end; ++i)
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>One could try to wrap C++ iterators in order to carry the C++ idiom into
-      Python. However, this does not work very well because 
-
-<ol>
-<li>It leads to
-      non-uniform Python code (wrapped sequences support a usage different from 
-      Python built-in sequences) and 
-
-<li>Iterators (e.g. <code>std::vector::iterator</code>) are often implemented as plain C++
-      pointers which are <a href="pointers.html#problem">problematic</a> for any automatic
-      wrapping system.
-</ol>
-
-      <p>
-        It is a better idea to support the standard <a
-        href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">Python
-        sequence and mapping protocols</a> for your wrapped containers. These
-        operators have to be wrapped manually because there are no corresponding
-        C++ operators that could be used for automatic wrapping. The Python
-        documentation lists the relevant <a href=
-        "http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/sequence-types.html">
-        container operators</a>. In particular, expose __getitem__, __setitem__
-        and remember to raise the appropriate Python exceptions
-        (<code>PyExc_IndexError</code> for sequences,
-        <code>PyExc_KeyError</code> for mappings) when the requested item is not
-        present.
-
-      <p>
-        In the following example, we expose <code>std::map&lt;std::size_t,std::string&gt;</code>:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-typedef std::map&lt;std::size_t, std::string&gt; StringMap;
-
-// A helper function for dealing with errors. Throw a Python exception
-// if p == m.end().
-void throw_key_error_if_end(
-        const StringMap&amp; m, 
-        StringMap::const_iterator p, 
-        std::size_t key)
-{
-    if (p == m.end())
-    {
-        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, boost::python::converters::to_python(key));
-        throw boost::python::error_already_set();
-    }
-}
-
-// Define some simple wrapper functions which match the Python  protocol
-// for __getitem__, __setitem__, and __delitem__.  Just as in Python, a
-// free function with a ``self'' first parameter makes a fine class method.
-
-const std::string&amp; get_item(const StringMap&amp; self, std::size_t key)
-{
-    const StringMap::const_iterator p = self.find(key);
-    throw_key_error_if_end(self, p, key);
-    return p-&gt;second;
-}
-
-// Sets the item corresponding to key in the map.
-void StringMapPythonClass::set_item(StringMap&amp; self, std::size_t key, const std::string&amp; value)
-{
-    self[key] = value;
-}
-
-// Deletes the item corresponding to key from the map.
-void StringMapPythonClass::del_item(StringMap&amp; self, std::size_t key)
-{
-    const StringMap::iterator p = self.find(key);
-    throw_key_error_if_end(self, p, key);
-    self.erase(p);
-}
-
-class_builder&lt;StringMap&gt; string_map(my_module, "StringMap");
-string_map.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
-string_map.def(&amp;StringMap::size, "__len__");
-string_map.def(get_item, "__getitem__");
-string_map.def(set_item, "__setitem__");
-string_map.def(del_item, "__delitem__");
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         Then in Python:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m = StringMap()
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1]
-Traceback (innermost last):
-  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
-KeyError: 1
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1] = 'hello'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1]
-'hello'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; del m[1]
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1]            # prove that it's gone
-Traceback (innermost last):
-  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
-KeyError: 1
-&gt;&gt;&gt; del m[2]
-Traceback (innermost last):
-  File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in ?
-KeyError: 2
-&gt;&gt;&gt; len(m)
-0
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[0] = 'zero'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[1] = 'one'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[2] = 'two'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; m[3] = 'three'
-&gt;&gt;&gt; len(m)
-4
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-
-<h2><a name="getter_setter">Customized Attribute Access</a></h2>
-
-      <p>
-        Just like built-in Python classes, BPL extension classes support <a
-        href="http://www.pythonlabs.com/pub/www.python.org/doc/current/ref/attribute-access.html">special
-        the usual attribute access methods</a> <code>__getattr__</code>,
-        <code>__setattr__</code>, and <code>__delattr__</code>.
-        Because writing these functions can
-        be tedious in the common case where the attributes being accessed are
-        known statically, BPL checks the special names
-
-      <ul>
-        <li>
-          <code>__getattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code>
-        <li>
-          <code>__setattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code>
-        <li>
-          <code>__delattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code>
-      </ul>
-
-      to provide functional access to the attribute <em>&lt;name&gt;</em>. This
-      facility can be used from C++ or entirely from Python. For example, the
-      following shows how we can implement a ``computed attribute'' in Python: 
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; class Range(AnyBPLExtensionClass):
-...    def __init__(self, start, end):
-...        self.start = start
-...        self.end = end
-...    def __getattr__length__(self):
-...        return self.end - self.start
-...
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x = Range(3, 9)
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.length
-6
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <h4>
-         Direct Access to Data Members
-      </h4>
-      <p>
-         BPL uses the special <code>
-        __xxxattr__<em>&lt;name&gt;</em>__</code> functionality described above
-        to allow direct access to data members through the following special
-        functions on <code>class_builder&lt;&gt;</code> and <code>
-        extension_class&lt;&gt;</code>:
-      <ul>
-        <li>
-          <code>def_getter(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>name</em>)</code> //
-          read access to the member via attribute <em>name</em>
-        <li>
-          <code>def_setter(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>name</em>)</code> //
-          write access to the member via attribute <em>name</em>
-        <li>
-          <code>def_readonly(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>name</em>)</code>
-          // read-only access to the member via attribute <em>name</em>
-        <li>
-          <code>def_read_write(<em>pointer-to-member</em>, <em>
-          name</em>)</code> // read/write access to the member via attribute
-          <em>name</em>
-      </ul>
-      <p>
-         Note that the first two functions, used alone, may produce surprising
-        behavior. For example, when <code>def_getter()</code> is used, the
-        default functionality for <code>setattr()</code> and <code>
-        delattr()</code> remains in effect, operating on items in the extension
-        instance's name-space (i.e., its <code>__dict__</code>). For that
-        reason, you'll usually want to stick with <code>def_readonly</code> and
-        <code>def_read_write</code>.
-      <p>
-         For example, to expose a <code>std::pair&lt;int,long&gt;</code> we
-        might write:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-typedef std::pair&lt;int,long&gt; Pil;
-int first(const Pil&amp; x) { return x.first; }
-long second(const Pil&amp; x) { return x.second; }
-   ...
-my_module.def(first, "first");
-my_module.def(second, "second");
-
-class_builder&lt;Pil&gt; pair_int_long(my_module, "Pair");
-pair_int_long.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;&gt;());
-pair_int_long.def(boost::python::constructor&lt;int,long&gt;());
-pair_int_long.def_read_write(&amp;Pil::first, "first");
-pair_int_long.def_read_write(&amp;Pil::second, "second");
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-         Now your Python class has attributes <code>first</code> and <code>
-        second</code> which, when accessed, actually modify or reflect the
-        values of corresponding data members of the underlying C++ object. Now
-        in Python:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x = Pair(3,5)
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.first
-3
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.second
-5
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.second = 8
-&gt;&gt;&gt; x.second
-8
-&gt;&gt;&gt; second(x) # Prove that we're not just changing the instance __dict__
-8
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <h2>
-        <a name="reasons">And what about <code>__complex__</code>?</a>
-      </h2>
-      <p>
-        That, dear reader, is one problem we don't know how to solve. The
-        Python source contains the following fragment, indicating the
-        special-case code really is hardwired:
-      <blockquote>
-<pre>
-/* XXX Hack to support classes with __complex__ method */
-if (PyInstance_Check(r)) { ...
-</pre>
-      </blockquote>
-      <p>
-Next: <a href="under-the-hood.html">A Peek Under the Hood</a>
-Previous: <a href="inheritance.html">Inheritance</a> 
-Up: <a href= "index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams and Ullrich K&ouml;the 2000.
-        Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document is
-        granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies. This
-        document is provided ``as is'' without express or implied
-        warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/template.html

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-    <title>
-      The Title Of This Page
-    </title>
-    <div>
-      <h1>
-         <img width="277" height="86" id="_x0000_i1025" align="center"
-        src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt= "c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)">The Title Of This
-        Page
-      </h1>
-      <p>
-      <p>
-         Prev: <a href="prev.html">Previous</a>
-         Next: <a href="next.html">Next</a>
-         Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-      <p>
-         &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-        sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-        notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-        express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability
-        for any purpose.
-      <p>
-         Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-    </div>
-

doc/under-the-hood.html

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
-    <title>
-      A Peek Under the Hood
-    </title>
-    <h1>
-      <img src="../../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center"
-      width="277" height="86">
-    </h1>
-    <h1>
-      A Peek Under the Hood
-    </h1>
-    <p>
-      Declaring a <code>class_builder&lt;T&gt;</code> causes the instantiation
-      of an <code>extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code> to which it forwards all
-      member function calls and which is doing most of the real work.
-      <code>extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code> is a subclass of <code>
-      PyTypeObject</code>, the <code> struct</code> which Python's 'C' API uses
-      to describe a type. <a href="example1.html#world_class">An instance of the
-      <code>extension_class&lt;&gt;</code></a> becomes the Python type object
-      corresponding to <code>hello::world</code>. When we <a href=
-      "example1.html#add_world_class">add it to the module</a> it goes into the
-      module's dictionary to be looked up under the name "world".
-    <p>
-      BPL uses C++'s template argument deduction mechanism to determine the
-      types of arguments to functions (except constructors, for which we must
-      <a href="example1.html#Constructor_example">provide an argument list</a>
-      because they can't be named in C++). Then, it calls the appropriate
-      overloaded functions <code>PyObject*
-      to_python(</code><em>S</em><code>)</code> and <em>
-      S'</em><code>from_python(PyObject*,
-      type&lt;</code><em>S</em><code>&gt;)</code> which convert between any C++
-      type <em>S</em> and a <code>PyObject*</code>, the type which represents a
-      reference to any Python object in its 'C' API. The <a href= 
-      "example1.html#world_class"><code>extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code></a>
-      template defines a whole raft of these conversions (for <code>T, T*,
-      T&amp;, std::auto_ptr&lt;T&gt;</code>, etc.), using the same inline
-      friend function technique employed by <a href= 
-      "http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/operators.htm">the boost operators
-      library</a>.
-    <p>
-      Because the <code>to_python</code> and <code>from_python</code> functions
-      for a user-defined class are defined by <code>
-      extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code>, it is important that an instantiation of
-      <code> extension_class&lt;T&gt;</code> is visible to any code which wraps
-      a C++ function with a <code>T, T*, const T&amp;</code>, etc. parameter or
-      return value. In particular, you may want to create all of the classes at
-      the top of your module's init function, then <code>def</code> the member
-      functions later to avoid problems with inter-class dependencies.
-    <p>
-      Next: <a href="building.html">Building a Module with BPL</a>
-      Previous: <a href="special.html">Special Method and Operator Support</a>
-      Up: <a href="index.html">Top</a>
-    <p>
-      &copy; Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-      sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-      notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without
-      express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-      any purpose.
-    <p>
-      Updated: Nov 26, 2000
-

example/example1.cpp

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-#include <string.h>
-
-namespace hello {
-  class world
-  {
-   public:
-      world(int) {}
-      ~world() {}
-      const char* get() const { return "hi, world"; }
-  };
-
-  size_t length(const world& x) { return strlen(x.get()); }
-}
-
-#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
-
-// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
-// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-void inithello()
-{
-    try
-    {
-       // create an object representing this extension module
-       boost::python::module_builder hello("hello");
-
-       // Create the Python type object for our extension class
-       boost::python::class_builder<hello::world> world_class(hello, "world");
-
-       // Add the __init__ function
-       world_class.def(boost::python::constructor<int>());
-       // Add a regular member function
-       world_class.def(&hello::world::get, "get");
-
-       // Add a regular function to the module
-       hello.def(hello::length, "length");
-    }
-    catch(...)
-    {
-       boost::python::handle_exception();    // Deal with the exception for Python
-    }
-}
-
-// Win32 DLL boilerplate
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID)
-{
-    return 1;
-}
-#endif // _WIN32

example/rwgk1.cpp

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#include <string>
-
-namespace { // Avoid cluttering the global namespace.
-
-  // A couple of simple C++ functions that we want to expose to Python.
-  std::string greet() { return "hello, world"; }
-  int square(int number) { return number * number; }
-}
-
-#include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
-
-namespace python = boost::python;
-
-// Python requires an exported function called init<module-name> in every
-// extension module. This is where we build the module contents.
-extern "C"
-#ifdef _WIN32
-__declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-void initrwgk1()
-{
-  try
-  {
-    // Create an object representing this extension module.
-    python::module_builder this_module("rwgk1");
-
-    // Add regular functions to the module.
-    this_module.def(greet, "greet");
-    this_module.def(square, "square");
-  }
-  catch(...)
-  {
-    python::handle_exception(); // Deal with the exception for Python
-  }
-}
-
-// Win32 DLL boilerplate
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID) { return 1; }
-#endif // _WIN32

example/test_example1.py

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-r'''
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-That's it! If we build this shared library and put it on our PYTHONPATH we can
-now access our C++ class and function from Python.
-
-    >>> import hello
-    >>> hi_world = hello.world(3)
-    >>> hi_world.get()
-    'hi, world'
-    >>> hello.length(hi_world)
-    9
-
-We can even make a subclass of hello.world:
-
-
-    >>> class my_subclass(hello.world):
-    ...     def get(self):
-    ...         return 'hello, world'
-    ...
-    >>> y = my_subclass(2)
-    >>> y.get()
-    'hello, world'
-
-Pretty cool! You can't do that with an ordinary Python extension type!
-
-    >>> hello.length(y)
-    9
-
-Of course, you may now have a slightly empty feeling in the pit of your little
-pythonic stomach. Perhaps you feel your subclass deserves to have a length() of
-12? If so, read on...
-'''
-from hello import *
-
-def run(args = None):
-    if args is not None:
-        import sys
-        sys.argv = args
-    import doctest, test_example1
-    doctest.testmod(test_example1)
-    
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    run()

example/test_rwgk1.py

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-r'''>>> import rwgk1
-    >>> print rwgk1.greet()
-    hello, world
-    >>> number = 11
-    >>> print number, '*', number, '=', rwgk1.square(number)
-    11 * 11 = 121
-'''
-
-def run(args = None):
-    if args is not None:
-        import sys
-        sys.argv = args
-    import doctest, test_rwgk1
-    doctest.testmod(test_rwgk1)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    run()

include/boost/python/callback.hpp

@@ -1,829 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file was generated for 10-argument python callbacks by gen_callback.python
-
-#ifndef CALLBACK_DWA_052100_H_
-# define CALLBACK_DWA_052100_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/conversions.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-  template <class T>
-  inline void callback_adjust_refcount(PyObject*, type<T>) {}
-  
-  inline void callback_adjust_refcount(PyObject* p, type<PyObject*>)
-      { Py_INCREF(p); }
-}
-
-// Calling Python from C++
-template <class R>
-struct callback
-{
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name)
-    {
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("()")));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    static R call(PyObject* self)
-    {
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("()")));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(O)"),
-                                     p1.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(O)"),
-                                       p1.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get(),
-                                     p8.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get(),
-                                       p8.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get(),
-                                     p8.get(),
-                                     p9.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get(),
-                                       p8.get(),
-                                       p9.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, const A10& a10)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref p10(to_python(a10));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get(),
-                                     p8.get(),
-                                     p9.get(),
-                                     p10.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-    static R call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, const A10& a10)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref p10(to_python(a10));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get(),
-                                       p8.get(),
-                                       p9.get(),
-                                       p10.get()));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-};
-
-// This specialization wouldn't be needed, but MSVC6 doesn't correctly allow the following:
-// void g();
-// void f() { return g(); }
-template <>
-struct callback<void>
-{
-
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name)
-    {
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("()")));
-    }
-
-    static void call(PyObject* self)
-    {
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("()")));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(O)"),
-                                     p1.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(O)"),
-                                       p1.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get(),
-                                     p8.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get(),
-                                       p8.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get(),
-                                     p8.get(),
-                                     p9.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get(),
-                                       p8.get(),
-                                       p9.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, const A10& a10)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref p10(to_python(a10));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                     p1.get(),
-                                     p2.get(),
-                                     p3.get(),
-                                     p4.get(),
-                                     p5.get(),
-                                     p6.get(),
-                                     p7.get(),
-                                     p8.get(),
-                                     p9.get(),
-                                     p10.get()));
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-    static void call(PyObject* self, const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, const A10& a10)
-    {
-        ref p1(to_python(a1));
-        ref p2(to_python(a2));
-        ref p3(to_python(a3));
-        ref p4(to_python(a4));
-        ref p5(to_python(a5));
-        ref p6(to_python(a6));
-        ref p7(to_python(a7));
-        ref p8(to_python(a8));
-        ref p9(to_python(a9));
-        ref p10(to_python(a10));
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(OOOOOOOOOO)"),
-                                       p1.get(),
-                                       p2.get(),
-                                       p3.get(),
-                                       p4.get(),
-                                       p5.get(),
-                                       p6.get(),
-                                       p7.get(),
-                                       p8.get(),
-                                       p9.get(),
-                                       p10.get()));
-    }
-};
-
-// Make it a compile-time error to try to return a const char* from a virtual
-// function. The standard conversion
-//
-//      from_python(PyObject* string, boost::python::type<const char*>)
-//
-// returns a pointer to the character array which is internal to string. The
-// problem with trying to do this in a standard callback function is that the
-// Python string would likely be destroyed upon return from the calling function
-// (boost::python::callback<const char*>::call[_method]) when its reference count is
-// decremented. If you absolutely need to do this and you're sure it's safe (it
-// usually isn't), you can use
-//
-//      boost::python::string result(boost::python::callback<boost::python::string>::call[_method](...args...));
-//      ...result.c_str()... // access the char* array
-template <>
-struct callback<const char*>
-{
-    // Try hard to generate a readable error message
-    typedef struct unsafe_since_python_string_may_be_destroyed {} call, call_method;
-};
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // CALLBACK_DWA_052100_H_

include/boost/python/class_builder.hpp

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef CLASS_WRAPPER_DWA101000_H_
-# define CLASS_WRAPPER_DWA101000_H_
-
-#include <boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/operators.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/module_builder.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/conversions.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/detail/cast.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-// Syntactic sugar to make wrapping classes more convenient
-template <class T, class U = detail::held_instance<T> >
-class class_builder
-    : python_extension_class_converters<T, U> // Works around MSVC6.x/GCC2.95.2 bug described below
-{
- public:
-    class_builder(module_builder& module, const char* name)
-        : m_class(new detail::extension_class<T, U>(name))
-    {
-        module.add(ref(as_object(m_class.get()), ref::increment_count), name);
-    }
-    
-    ~class_builder()
-    {}
-    
-    // define constructors
-    template <class signature>
-    void def(const signature& s)
-        { m_class->def(s); }
-
-    // export heterogeneous reverse-argument operators 
-    // (type of lhs: 'left', of rhs: 'right')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub), Foo>(),
-    //                       boost::python::left_operand<int const &>());
-    template <long which, class left, class right>
-    void def(operators<which, right> o1, left_operand<left> o2)
-        { m_class->def(o1, o2); }
-
-    // export heterogeneous operators (type of lhs: 'left', of rhs: 'right')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub), Foo>(),
-    //                       boost::python::right_operand<int const &>());
-    template <long which, class left, class right>
-    void def(operators<which, left> o1, right_operand<right> o2)
-        { m_class->def(o1, o2); }
-
-    // define a function that passes Python arguments and keywords
-    // to C++ verbatim (as a 'tuple const &' and 'dictionary const &' 
-    // respectively). This is useful for manual argument passing.
-    // It's also the only possibility to pass keyword arguments to C++.
-    // Fn must have a signatur that is compatible to 
-    //     PyObject * (*)(PyObject * aTuple, PyObject * aDictionary)
-    template <class Fn>
-    void def_raw(Fn fn, const char* name)
-        { m_class->def_raw(fn, name); }
-
-    // define member functions. In fact this works for free functions, too -
-    // they act like static member functions, or if they start with the
-    // appropriate self argument (as a pointer or reference), they can be used
-    // just like ordinary member functions -- just like Python!
-    template <class Fn>
-    void def(Fn fn, const char* name)
-        { m_class->def(fn, name); }
-
-    // Define a virtual member function with a default implementation.
-    // default_fn should be a function which provides the default implementation.
-    // Be careful that default_fn does not in fact call fn virtually!
-    template <class Fn, class DefaultFn>
-    void def(Fn fn, const char* name, DefaultFn default_fn)
-        { m_class->def(fn, name, default_fn); }
-
-    // Provide a function which implements x.<name>, reading from the given
-    // member (pm) of the T obj
-    template <class MemberType>
-    void def_getter(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-        { m_class->def_getter(pm, name); }
-    
-    // Provide a function which implements assignment to x.<name>, writing to
-    // the given member (pm) of the T obj
-    template <class MemberType>
-    void def_setter(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-        { m_class->def_getter(pm, name); }
-    
-    // Expose the given member (pm) of the T obj as a read-only attribute
-    template <class MemberType>
-    void def_readonly(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-        { m_class->def_readonly(pm, name); }
-    
-    // Expose the given member (pm) of the T obj as a read/write attribute
-    template <class MemberType>
-    void def_read_write(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-        { m_class->def_read_write(pm, name); }
-        
-    // define the standard coercion needed for operator overloading
-    void def_standard_coerce()
-        { m_class->def_standard_coerce(); }
-    
-    // declare the given class a base class of this one and register 
-    // conversion functions
-    template <class S, class V>
-    void declare_base(class_builder<S, V> const & base)
-    {
-        m_class->declare_base(base.get_extension_class());
-    }
-
-    // declare the given class a base class of this one and register 
-    // upcast conversion function
-    template <class S, class V>
-    void declare_base(class_builder<S, V> const & base, without_downcast_t)
-    {
-        m_class->declare_base(base.get_extension_class(), without_downcast);
-    }
-
-    // get the embedded ExtensioClass object
-    detail::extension_class<T, U> * get_extension_class() const 
-    {
-        return m_class.get();
-    }
-
-    // set an arbitrary attribute. Useful for non-function class data members,
-    // e.g. enums
-    void add(PyObject* x, const char* name)
-        { m_class->set_attribute(name, x); }
-    void add(ref x, const char* name)
-        { m_class->set_attribute(name, x); }
- private:
-    // declare the given class a base class of this one and register 
-    // conversion functions
-    template <class S, class V>
-    void declare_base(detail::extension_class<S, V> * base)
-    {
-        m_class->declare_base(base);
-    }
-        
-    // declare the given class a base class of this one and register 
-    // upcast conversion function
-    template <class S, class V>
-    void declare_base(detail::extension_class<S, V> * base, without_downcast_t)
-    {
-        m_class->declare_base(base, without_downcast);
-    }
-    
-    reference<detail::extension_class<T, U> > m_class;
-};
-
-// The bug mentioned at the top of this file is that on certain compilers static
-// global functions declared within the body of a class template will only be
-// generated when the class template is constructed, and when (for some reason)
-// the construction does not occur via a new-expression. Otherwise, we could
-// rely on the initialization of the m_class data member to cause all of the
-// to_/from_python functions to come into being.
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // CLASS_WRAPPER_DWA101000_H_

include/boost/python/classes.hpp

@@ -1,527 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef SUBCLASS_DWA051500_H_
-# define SUBCLASS_DWA051500_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/types.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/singleton.hpp>
-# include <boost/utility.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/conversions.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/callback.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-// A simple type which acts something like a built-in Python class obj.
-class instance
-    : public boost::python::detail::python_object
-{
- public:
-    instance(PyTypeObject* class_);
-    ~instance();
-
-    // Standard Python functions.
-    PyObject* repr();
-    int compare(PyObject*);
-    PyObject* str();
-    long hash();
-    PyObject* call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords);
-    PyObject* getattr(const char* name, bool use_special_function = true);
-    int setattr(const char* name, PyObject* value);
-
-    // Mapping methods
-    int length();
-    PyObject* get_subscript(PyObject* key);
-    void set_subscript(PyObject* key, PyObject* value);
-
-    // Sequence methods
-    PyObject* get_slice(int start, int finish);
-    void set_slice(int start, int finish, PyObject* value);
-
-    // Number methods
-    PyObject* add(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* subtract(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* multiply(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* divide(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* remainder(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* divmod(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* power(PyObject*, PyObject*);
-    PyObject* negative();
-    PyObject* positive();
-    PyObject* absolute();
-    int nonzero();
-    PyObject* invert();
-    PyObject* lshift(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* rshift(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* do_and(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* do_xor(PyObject* other);
-    PyObject* do_or(PyObject* other);
-    int coerce(PyObject**, PyObject**);
-    PyObject* as_int();
-    PyObject* as_long();
-    PyObject* as_float();
-    PyObject* oct();
-    PyObject* hex();
-
- private: // noncopyable, without the size bloat
-    instance(const instance&);
-    void operator=(const instance&);
-
- private: // helper functions
-    int setattr_dict(PyObject* value);
-    
- private:
-    dictionary m_name_space;
-};
-
-template <class T> class meta_class;
-
-namespace detail {
-  class class_base : public type_object_base
-  {
-   public:
-      class_base(PyTypeObject* meta_class_obj, string name, tuple bases, const dictionary& name_space);
-      tuple bases() const;
-      string name() const;
-      dictionary& dict();
-      
-      // Standard Python functions.
-      PyObject* getattr(const char* name);
-      int setattr(const char* name, PyObject* value);
-      PyObject* repr() const;
-      void add_base(ref base);
-
-   protected:
-      bool initialize_instance(instance* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords);
-
-   private: // virtual functions
-      // Subclasses should override this to delete the particular obj type
-      virtual void delete_instance(PyObject*) const = 0;
-
-   private: // boost::python::type_object_base required interface implementation
-      void instance_dealloc(PyObject*) const; // subclasses should not override this
-      
-   private:
-      string m_name;
-      tuple m_bases;
-      dictionary m_name_space;
-  };
-
-  void enable_named_method(class_base* type_obj, const char* name);
-}
-
-// A type which acts a lot like a built-in Python class. T is the obj type,
-// so class_t<instance> is a very simple "class-alike".
-template <class T>
-class class_t
-    : public boost::python::detail::class_base
-{
- public:
-    class_t(meta_class<T>* meta_class_obj, string name, tuple bases, const dictionary& name_space);
-    
-    // Standard Python functions.
-    PyObject* call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords);
-    
- private: // Implement mapping methods on instances
-    PyObject* instance_repr(PyObject*) const;
-    int instance_compare(PyObject*, PyObject* other) const;
-    PyObject* instance_str(PyObject*) const;
-    long instance_hash(PyObject*) const;
-    int instance_mapping_length(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_mapping_subscript(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    int instance_mapping_ass_subscript(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-
- private: // Implement sequence methods on instances
-    int instance_sequence_length(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_sequence_item(PyObject* obj, int n) const;
-    int instance_sequence_ass_item(PyObject* obj, int n, PyObject* value) const;
-    PyObject* instance_sequence_slice(PyObject*, int start, int finish) const;
-    int instance_sequence_ass_slice(PyObject*, int start, int finish, PyObject* value) const;
-
- private: // Implement number methods on instances
-    PyObject* instance_number_add(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_subtract(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_multiply(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_divide(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_remainder(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_divmod(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_power(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_negative(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_positive(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_absolute(PyObject*) const;
-    int instance_number_nonzero(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_invert(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_lshift(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_rshift(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_and(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_xor(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_or(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    int instance_number_coerce(PyObject*, PyObject**, PyObject**) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_int(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_long(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_float(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_oct(PyObject*) const;
-    PyObject* instance_number_hex(PyObject*) const;
-    
- private: // Miscellaneous "special" methods
-    PyObject* instance_call(PyObject* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-    PyObject* instance_getattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name) const;
-    int instance_setattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name, PyObject* value) const;
-
- private: // Implementation of boost::python::detail::class_base required interface
-    void delete_instance(PyObject*) const;
-    
- private: // noncopyable, without the size bloat
-    class_t(const class_t<T>&);
-    void operator=(const class_t&);
-};
-
-// The type of a class_t<T> object.
-template <class T>
-class meta_class
-    : public boost::python::detail::reprable<
-                boost::python::detail::callable<
-                   boost::python::detail::getattrable<
-                      boost::python::detail::setattrable<
-                         boost::python::detail::type_object<class_t<T> > > > > >,
-      boost::noncopyable
-{
- public:
-    meta_class();
-
-    // Standard Python functions.
-    PyObject* call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords);
-    
-    struct type_object
-        : boost::python::detail::singleton<type_object,
-             boost::python::detail::callable<
-                boost::python::detail::type_object<meta_class> > >
-    {
-        type_object() : singleton_base(&PyType_Type) {}
-    };
-};
-
-//
-// Member function implementations.
-//
-template <class T>
-meta_class<T>::meta_class()
-    : properties(type_object::instance())
-{
-} 
-
-template <class T>
-class_t<T>::class_t(meta_class<T>* meta_class_obj, string name, tuple bases, const dictionary& name_space)
-    : boost::python::detail::class_base(meta_class_obj, name, bases, name_space)
-{
-}
-
-template <class T>
-void class_t<T>::delete_instance(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    delete downcast<T>(obj);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords)
-{
-    reference<T> result(new T(this));
-    if (!this->initialize_instance(result.get(), args, keywords))
-        return 0;
-    else
-        return result.release();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_repr(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->repr();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_compare(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->compare(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_str(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->str();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-long class_t<T>::instance_hash(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->hash();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_mapping_length(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->length();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_sequence_length(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->length();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_mapping_subscript(PyObject* obj, PyObject* key) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->get_subscript(key);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_sequence_item(PyObject* obj, int n) const
-{
-    ref key(to_python(n));
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->get_subscript(key.get());
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_sequence_ass_item(PyObject* obj, int n, PyObject* value) const
-{
-    ref key(to_python(n));
-    downcast<T>(obj)->set_subscript(key.get(), value);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_mapping_ass_subscript(PyObject* obj, PyObject* key, PyObject* value) const
-{
-    downcast<T>(obj)->set_subscript(key, value);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void adjust_slice_indices(PyObject* obj, int& start, int& finish);
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_sequence_slice(PyObject* obj, int start, int finish) const
-{
-    adjust_slice_indices(obj, start, finish);    
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->get_slice(start, finish);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_sequence_ass_slice(PyObject* obj, int start, int finish, PyObject* value) const
-{
-    adjust_slice_indices(obj, start, finish);
-    downcast<T>(obj)->set_slice(start, finish, value);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_call(PyObject* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->call(args, keywords);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_getattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->getattr(name);
-}
-
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_setattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name, PyObject* value) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->setattr(name, value);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_add(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->add(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_subtract(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->subtract(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_multiply(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->multiply(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_divide(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->divide(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_remainder(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->remainder(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_divmod(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->divmod(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_power(PyObject* obj, PyObject* exponent, PyObject* modulus) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->power(exponent, modulus);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_negative(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->negative();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_positive(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->positive();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_absolute(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->absolute();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_number_nonzero(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->nonzero();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_invert(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->invert();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_lshift(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->lshift(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_rshift(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->rshift(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_and(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->do_and(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_xor(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->do_xor(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_or(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->do_or(other);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-int class_t<T>::instance_number_coerce(PyObject* obj, PyObject** x, PyObject** y) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->coerce(x, y);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_int(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->as_int();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_long(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->as_long();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_float(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->as_float();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_oct(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->oct();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* class_t<T>::instance_number_hex(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<T>(obj)->hex();
-}
-
-namespace detail {
-  inline dictionary& class_base::dict()
-  {
-      return m_name_space;
-  }
-
-  inline tuple class_base::bases() const
-  {
-      return m_bases;
-  }
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* meta_class<T>::call(PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/)
-{
-    PyObject* name;
-    PyObject* bases;
-    PyObject* name_space;
-    
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("O!O!O!"),
-                          &PyString_Type, &name,
-                          &PyTuple_Type, &bases,
-                          &PyDict_Type, &name_space))
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    
-    return as_object(
-        new class_t<T>(this, string(ref(name, ref::increment_count)),
-                  tuple(ref(bases, ref::increment_count)),
-                  dictionary(ref(name_space, ref::increment_count)))
-        );
-}
-
-namespace detail {
-  const string& setattr_string();
-  const string& getattr_string();
-  const string& delattr_string();
-
-  inline string class_base::name() const
-  {
-      return m_name;
-  }
-}
-
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-#endif

include/boost/python/conversions.hpp

@@ -1,325 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef METHOD_DWA122899_H_
-# define METHOD_DWA122899_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/none.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp>
-# include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
-# include <string>
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE // this is a gcc 2.95.2 bug workaround
-
-// This can be instantiated on an enum to provide the to_python/from_python
-// conversions, provided the values can fit in a long.
-template <class EnumType>
-class py_enum_as_int_converters
-{
-    friend EnumType from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type<EnumType>)
-    {
-        return static_cast<EnumType>(
-            from_python(x, boost::python::type<long>()));
-    }
-
-    friend EnumType from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type<const EnumType&>)
-    {
-        return static_cast<EnumType>(
-            from_python(x, boost::python::type<long>()));
-    }
-
-    friend PyObject* to_python(EnumType x)
-    {
-        return to_python(static_cast<long>(x));
-    }
-};
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-template <class EnumType> class enum_as_int_converters
-    : public BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::py_enum_as_int_converters<EnumType> {};
-
-template <class P, class T> class wrapped_pointer;
-
-//#pragma warn_possunwant off
-inline void decref_impl(PyObject* p) { Py_DECREF(p); }
-inline void xdecref_impl(PyObject* p) { Py_XDECREF(p); }
-//#pragma warn_possunwant reset
-
-template <class T>
-inline void decref(T* p)
-{
-	char* const raw_p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(p);
-	char* const p_base = raw_p - offsetof(PyObject, ob_refcnt);
-	decref_impl(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(p_base));
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline void xdecref(T* p)
-{
-	char* const raw_p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(p);
-	char* const p_base = raw_p - offsetof(PyObject, ob_refcnt);
-	xdecref_impl(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(p_base));
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-//
-// Converters
-//
-PyObject* to_python(long);
-long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<long>);
-long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const long&>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned long);
-unsigned long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned long>);
-unsigned long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const unsigned long&>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(int);
-int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<int>);
-int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const int&>);
-    
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned int);
-unsigned int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned int>);
-unsigned int from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const unsigned int&>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(short);
-short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<short>);
-short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const short&>);
-    
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned short);
-unsigned short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned short>);
-unsigned short from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const unsigned short&>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(signed char);
-signed char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<signed char>);
-signed char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const signed char&>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned char);
-unsigned char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<unsigned char>);
-unsigned char from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const unsigned char&>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(float);
-float from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<float>);
-float from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const float&>);
-    
-PyObject* to_python(double);
-double from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<double>);
-double from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const double&>);
-    
-PyObject* to_python(bool);
-bool from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<bool>);
-bool from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const bool&>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(void);
-void from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<void>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(const char* s);
-const char* from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const char*>);
-
-PyObject* to_python(const std::string& s);
-std::string from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<std::string>);
-std::string from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<const std::string&>);
-
-// For when your C++ function really wants to pass/return a PyObject*
-PyObject* to_python(PyObject*);
-PyObject* from_python(PyObject*, boost::python::type<PyObject*>);
-
-// Some standard conversions to/from smart pointer types. You can add your own
-// from these examples.  These are not generated using the friend technique from
-// wrapped_pointer because:
-//
-//      1. We want to be able to extend conversion to/from WrappedPointers using
-//      arbitrary smart pointer types.
-//
-//      2. It helps with compilation independence. This way, code which creates
-//      wrappers for functions accepting and returning smart_ptr<T> does not
-//      have to have already seen the invocation of wrapped_type<T>.
-//
-
-// Unfortunately, MSVC6 is so incredibly lame that we have to rely on the friend
-// technique to auto_generate standard pointer conversions for wrapped
-// types. This means that you need to write a non-templated function for each
-// specific smart_ptr<T> which you want to convert from_python. For example,
-//
-// namespace boost { namespace python {
-// #ifdef MUST_SUPPORT_MSVC
-//
-// MyPtr<Foo> from_python(PyObject*p, type<MyPtr<Foo> >)
-//     { return smart_ptr_from_python(p, type<MyPtr<Foo> >(), type<Foo>());}
-// }
-// 
-// MyPtr<Bar> from_python(PyObject*p, type<MyPtr<Bar> >)
-//     { return smart_ptr_from_python(p, type<MyPtr<Bar> >(), type<Bar>());}
-// 
-// ... // definitions for MyPtr<Baz>, MyPtr<Mumble>, etc.
-//
-// #else
-//
-// // Just once for all MyPtr<T>
-// template <class T>
-// MyPtr<T> from_python(PyObject*p, type<MyPtr<T> >)
-// {
-//    return smart_ptr_from_python(p, type<MyPtr<T> >(), type<T>());
-// }
-//
-// #endif
-// }} // namespace boost::python
-
-#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER)
-template <class T>
-boost::shared_ptr<T> from_python(PyObject*p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
-{
-    return smart_ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >(), boost::python::type<T>());
-}
-#endif
-
-#if 0
-template <class T>
-PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> p)
-{
-    return new boost::python::wrapped_pointer<std::auto_ptr<T>, T>(p);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> p)
-{
-    return new boost::python::wrapped_pointer<boost::shared_ptr<T>, T>(p);
-}
-#endif
-
-//
-// inline implementations
-//
-
-#ifndef BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
-inline PyObject* to_python(double d)
-{
-    return PyFloat_FromDouble(d);
-}
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(float f)
-{
-    return PyFloat_FromDouble(f);
-}
-#endif // BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(long l)
-{
-	return PyInt_FromLong(l);
-}
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(int x)
-{
-	return PyInt_FromLong(x);
-}
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(short x)
-{
-	return PyInt_FromLong(x);
-}
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(bool b)
-{
-	return PyInt_FromLong(b);
-}
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(void)
-{
-    return boost::python::detail::none();
-}
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(const char* s)
-{
-	return PyString_FromString(s);
-}
-
-inline std::string from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::string&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::string>());
-}
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(PyObject* p)
-{
-    Py_INCREF(p);
-    return p;
-}
-
-inline PyObject* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<PyObject*>)
-{
-    return p;
-}
-
-inline const char* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const char* const&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<const char*>());
-}
-
-inline double from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const double&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<double>());
-}
-
-inline float from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const float&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<float>());
-}
-
-inline int from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const int&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<int>());
-}
-
-inline short from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const short&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<short>());
-}
-
-inline long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const long&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<long>());
-}
-
-inline bool from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const bool&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<bool>());
-}
-
-inline unsigned int from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const unsigned int&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<unsigned int>());
-}
-
-inline unsigned short from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const unsigned short&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<unsigned short>());
-}
-
-inline signed char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const signed char&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<signed char>());
-}
-
-inline unsigned char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const unsigned char&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<unsigned char>());
-}
-
-inline unsigned long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const unsigned long&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<unsigned long>());
-}
-
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-#endif // METHOD_DWA122899_H_

include/boost/python/detail/base_object.hpp

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef BASE_OBJECT_DWA051600_H_
-# define BASE_OBJECT_DWA051600_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp> // really just for type<>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <cstring>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
-
-// base_object - adds a constructor and non-virtual destructor to a
-// base Python type (e.g. PyObject, PyTypeObject).
-template <class python_type>
-struct base_object : python_type
-{
-    typedef python_type base_python_type;
-
-    // Initializes type and reference count. All other fields of base_python_type are 0
-    base_object(PyTypeObject* type_obj);
-
-    // Decrements reference count on the type
-    ~base_object();
-};
-
-// Easy typedefs for common usage
-typedef base_object<PyObject> python_object;
-typedef base_object<PyTypeObject> python_type;
-
-
-//
-// class_t template member function implementations 
-//
-template <class python_type>
-base_object<python_type>::base_object(PyTypeObject* type_obj)
-{
-    base_python_type* bp = this;
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__STLPORT)
-    std::
-#endif
-		memset(bp, 0, sizeof(base_python_type));
-    ob_refcnt = 1;
-    ob_type = type_obj;
-    Py_INCREF(type_obj);
-}
-
-template <class python_type>
-inline base_object<python_type>::~base_object()
-{
-    Py_DECREF(ob_type);
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif // BASE_OBJECT_DWA051600_H_

include/boost/python/detail/cast.hpp

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef CAST_DWA052500_H_
-# define CAST_DWA052500_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/operators.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-  // The default way of converting a PyObject* or PyTypeObject* to a T*
-  template <class T>
-  struct downcast_traits
-  {
-      template <class U>
-      static T* cast(U* p) { return static_cast<T*>(p); }
-  };
-
-  inline PyTypeObject* as_base_object(const PyTypeObject*, PyObject* p)
-  {
-      return reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(p);
-  }
-
-  inline PyObject* as_base_object(const PyObject*, PyObject* p)
-  {
-      return p;
-  }
-
-  inline const PyTypeObject* as_base_object(const PyTypeObject*, const PyObject* p)
-  {
-      return reinterpret_cast<const PyTypeObject*>(p);
-  }
-
-  inline const PyObject* as_base_object(const PyObject*, const PyObject* p)
-  {
-      return p;
-  }
-} // namespace detail
-
-// Convert a pointer to any type derived from PyObject or PyTypeObject to a PyObject*
-inline PyObject* as_object(PyObject* p) { return p; }
-inline PyObject* as_object(PyTypeObject* p) { return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(p); }
-
-// If I didn't have to support stupid MSVC6 we could just use a simple template function:
-// template <class T> T* downcast(PyObject*).
-template <class T>
-struct downcast : boost::dereferenceable<downcast<T>, T*>
-{
-    downcast(PyObject* p)
-        : m_p(detail::downcast_traits<T>::cast(detail::as_base_object((T*)0, p)))
-        {}
-    
-    downcast(const PyObject* p)
-        : m_p(detail::downcast_traits<T>::cast(detail::as_base_object((const T*)0, p)))
-        {}
-    
-    downcast(PyTypeObject* p)
-        : m_p(detail::downcast_traits<T>::cast(p))
-        {}
-    
-    downcast(const PyTypeObject* p)
-        : m_p(detail::downcast_traits<T>::cast(p))
-        {}
-    
-    operator T*() const { return m_p; }
-    T* get() const { return m_p; }
-    T& operator*() const { return *m_p; }
- private:
-    T* m_p;
-};
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // CAST_DWA052500_H_

include/boost/python/detail/config.hpp

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_DWA052200_H_
-# define CONFIG_DWA052200_H_
-
-# include <boost/config.hpp>
-# include <cstddef>
-
-# ifdef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-   // A gcc bug forces some symbols into the global namespace
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_IMPORT_CONVERSION(x) using ::x
-# else
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE namespace boost { namespace python {
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE }} // namespace boost::python
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION boost::python
-#  define BOOST_PYTHON_IMPORT_CONVERSION(x) void never_defined() // so we can follow the macro with a ';'
-# endif
-
-# if defined(BOOST_MSVC)
-#  if _MSC_VER <= 1200
-#   define BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER 1
-#  endif
-
-# pragma warning (disable : 4786)
-
-# endif
-
-// Work around the broken library implementation/strict ansi checking on some
-// EDG-based compilers (e.g. alpha), which incorrectly warn that the result of
-// offsetof() is not an integer constant expression.
-# if defined(__DECCXX_VER) && __DECCXX_VER <= 60290024
-#  define BOOST_OFFSETOF(s_name, s_member) \
-        ((size_t)__INTADDR__(&(((s_name *)0)->s_member)))
-# else
-#  define BOOST_OFFSETOF(s_name, s_member) \
-        offsetof(s_name, s_member)
-# endif
-
-// The STLport puts all of the standard 'C' library names in std (as far as the
-// user is concerned), but without it you need a fix if you're using MSVC.
-# if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER) && !defined(__STLPORT)
-#  define BOOST_CSTD_
-# else
-#  define BOOST_CSTD_ std
-# endif
-
-#endif // CONFIG_DWA052200_H_

include/boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 # include <boost/python/detail/init_function.hpp>
 # include <typeinfo>
 # include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
+# include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace python {
 
@@ -133,6 +134,26 @@ class class_registry
     static std::vector<derived_class_info> static_derived_class_info;
 };
 
+template <bool is_pointer>
+struct is_null_helper
+{
+    template <class Ptr>
+    static bool test(Ptr x) { return x == 0; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct is_null_helper<false>
+{
+    template <class Ptr>
+    static bool test(Ptr x) { return x.get() == 0; }
+};
+
+template <class Ptr>
+bool is_null(const Ptr& x)
+{
+    return is_null_helper<(is_pointer<Ptr>::value)>::test(x);
+};
+
 }}} // namespace boost::python::detail
 
 BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
@@ -178,9 +199,9 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
                 new boost::python::detail::instance_value_holder<T,U>(result.get(), x)));
         return result.release();
     }
-    
+
-    // Convert to T*
+    friend
-    friend T* from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
+    T* non_null_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
     {
         // downcast to an extension_instance, then find the actual T
         boost::python::detail::extension_instance* self = boost::python::detail::get_extension_instance(obj);
@@ -201,6 +222,15 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         throw boost::python::argument_error();
     }
 
+    // Convert to T*
+    friend T* from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
+    {
+        if (obj == Py_None)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return non_null_from_python(obj, boost::python::type<T*>());
+    }
+
     // Convert to PtrType, where PtrType can be dereferenced to obtain a T.
     template <class PtrType>
     static PtrType& ptr_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
@@ -220,9 +250,25 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
         throw boost::python::argument_error();
     }
 
+    template <class PtrType>
+    static const PtrType& ptr_const_ref_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
+    {
+        if (obj == Py_None)
+        {
+            static PtrType null_ptr;
+            return null_ptr;
+        }
+        return ptr_from_python(obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>());
+    }
+        
     template <class PtrType>
     static PyObject* ptr_to_python(PtrType x)
     {
+        if (boost::python::detail::is_null(x))
+        {
+            return boost::python::detail::none();
+        }
+        
         boost::python::reference<boost::python::detail::extension_instance> result(create_instance());
         result->add_implementation(
             std::auto_ptr<boost::python::detail::instance_holder_base>(
@@ -254,7 +300,7 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
  
     // Convert to T&
     friend T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T&>)
-        { return *boost::python::detail::check_non_null(from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>())); }
+        { return *boost::python::detail::check_non_null(non_null_from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>())); }
 
     // Convert to const T&
     friend const T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T&>)
@@ -267,11 +313,11 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
     friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
         { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
     
-    friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >)
+    friend const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return ptr_const_ref_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
     
     friend const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return ptr_const_ref_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
 
     friend PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> x)
         { return ptr_to_python(x); }
@@ -279,11 +325,11 @@ class python_extension_class_converters
     friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
         { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
     
-    friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
+    friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return ptr_const_ref_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
     
     friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
+        { return ptr_const_ref_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
 
     friend PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> x)
         { return ptr_to_python(x); }

include/boost/python/detail/functions.hpp

@@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef FUNCTIONS_DWA051400_H_
-# define FUNCTIONS_DWA051400_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/caller.hpp>
-# include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/base_object.hpp>
-# include <typeinfo>
-# include <vector>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
-
-// forward declaration
-class extension_instance;
-
-
-// function --
-//      the common base class for all overloadable function and method objects
-//      supplied by the library.
-class function : public python_object
-{
- public:
-    function();
-    // function objects are reasonably rare, so we guess we can afford a virtual table.
-    // This cuts down on the number of distinct type objects which need to be defined.
-    virtual ~function() {}
-
-    PyObject* call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-    static void add_to_namespace(reference<function> f, const char* name, PyObject* dict);
-    
- private:
-    virtual PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const = 0;
-    virtual const char* description() const = 0;
- private:
-    struct type_object;
- private:
-    reference<function> m_overloads;
-};
-
-// wrapped_function_pointer<> --
-//      A single function or member function pointer wrapped and presented to
-//      Python as a callable object.
-//
-//   Template parameters:
-//      R - the return type of the function pointer
-//      F - the complete type of the wrapped function pointer
-template <class R, class F>
-struct wrapped_function_pointer : function
-{
-	typedef F ptr_fun; // pointer-to--function or pointer-to-member-function
-	
-	wrapped_function_pointer(ptr_fun pf)
-        : m_pf(pf) {}
-
- private:
-	PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const
-        { return caller<R>::call(m_pf, args, keywords); }
-    
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(F).name(); }
-    
- private:
-	const ptr_fun m_pf;
-};
-
-// raw_arguments_function
-//      A function that passes the Python argument tuple and keyword dictionary 
-//      verbatim to C++ (useful for customized argument parsing and variable
-//      argument lists)
-template <class Ret, class Args, class Keywords>
-struct raw_arguments_function : function
-{
-	typedef Ret (*ptr_fun)(Args, Keywords); 
-	
-	raw_arguments_function(ptr_fun pf)
-        : m_pf(pf) {}
-
- private:
-	PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const
-    { 
-        ref dict(keywords ? 
-                 ref(keywords, ref::increment_count) :
-                 ref(PyDict_New()));
-            
-        return to_python(
-            (*m_pf)(from_python(args, boost::python::type<Args>()),
-                    from_python(dict.get(), boost::python::type<Keywords>()))); 
-    }
-    
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(ptr_fun).name(); }
-    
- private:
-	const ptr_fun m_pf;
-};
-
-// virtual_function<> --
-//      A virtual function with a default implementation wrapped and presented
-//      to Python as a callable object.
-//
-//   Template parameters:
-//      T - the type of the target class
-//      R - the return type of the function pointer
-//      V - the virtual function pointer being wrapped
-//          (should be of the form R(T::*)(<args>), or R (*)(T, <args>))
-//      D - a function which takes a T&, const T&, T*, or const T* first
-//          parameter and calls T::f on it /non-virtually/, where V
-//          approximates &T::f.
-template <class T, class R, class V, class D>
-class virtual_function : public function
-{
- public:
-	virtual_function(V virtual_function_ptr, D default_implementation)
-        : m_virtual_function_ptr(virtual_function_ptr),
-          m_default_implementation(default_implementation)
-        {}
-
- private:
-	PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-    
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(V).name(); }
-    
- private:
-	const V m_virtual_function_ptr;
-    const D m_default_implementation;
-};
-
-// A helper function for new_member_function(), below.  Implements the core
-// functionality once the return type has already been deduced. R is expected to
-// be type<X>, where X is the actual return type of pmf.
-template <class F, class R>
-function* new_wrapped_function_aux(R, F pmf)
-{
-    // We can't just use "typename R::Type" below because MSVC (incorrectly) pukes.
-    typedef typename R::type return_type;
-    return new wrapped_function_pointer<return_type, F>(pmf);
-}
-
-// Create and return a new member function object wrapping the given
-// pointer-to-member function
-template <class F>
-inline function* new_wrapped_function(F pmf)
-{
-    // Deduce the return type and pass it off to the helper function above
-	return new_wrapped_function_aux(return_value(pmf), pmf);
-}
-
-template <class R, class Args, class keywords>
-function* new_raw_arguments_function(R (*pmf)(Args, keywords))
-{
-    return new raw_arguments_function<R, Args, keywords>(pmf);
-}
-
-
-// A helper function for new_virtual_function(), below.  Implements the core
-// functionality once the return type has already been deduced. R is expected to
-// be type<X>, where X is the actual return type of V.
-template <class T, class R, class V, class D>
-inline function* new_virtual_function_aux(
-    type<T>, R, V virtual_function_ptr, D default_implementation
-    )
-{
-    // We can't just use "typename R::Type" below because MSVC (incorrectly) pukes.
-    typedef typename R::type return_type;
-    return new virtual_function<T, return_type, V, D>(
-        virtual_function_ptr, default_implementation);
-}
-
-// Create and return a new virtual_function object wrapping the given
-// virtual_function_ptr and default_implementation
-template <class T, class V, class D>
-inline function* new_virtual_function(
-    type<T>, V virtual_function_ptr, D default_implementation
-    )
-{
-    // Deduce the return type and pass it off to the helper function above
-    return new_virtual_function_aux(
-        type<T>(), return_value(virtual_function_ptr),
-        virtual_function_ptr, default_implementation);
-}
-
-// A function with a bundled "bound target" object. This is what is produced by
-// the expression a.b where a is an instance or extension_instance object and b
-// is a callable object not found in the obj namespace but on its class or
-// a base class.
-class bound_function : public python_object
-{
- public:
-    static bound_function* create(const ref& target, const ref& fn);
-    
-    bound_function(const ref& target, const ref& fn);
-    PyObject* call(PyObject*args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-    PyObject* getattr(const char* name) const;
-    
- private:
-    struct type_object;
-    friend struct type_object;
-    
-    ref m_target;
-    ref m_unbound_function;
-    
- private: // data members for allocation/deallocation optimization
-    bound_function* m_free_list_link;
-
-	static bound_function* free_list;
-};
-
-// Special functions designed to access data members of a wrapped C++ object.
-template <class ClassType, class MemberType>
-class getter_function : public function
-{
- public:
-    typedef MemberType ClassType::* pointer_to_member;
-    
-    getter_function(pointer_to_member pm)
-        : m_pm(pm) {}
-
- private:
-    PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-    
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(MemberType (*)(const ClassType&)).name(); }
- private:
-    pointer_to_member m_pm;
-};
-
-template <class ClassType, class MemberType>
-class setter_function : public function
-{
- public:
-    typedef MemberType ClassType::* pointer_to_member;
-    
-    setter_function(pointer_to_member pm)
-        : m_pm(pm) {}
-
- private:
-    PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-    
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(const ClassType&, const MemberType&)).name(); }
- private:
-    pointer_to_member m_pm;
-};
-
-template <class ClassType, class MemberType>
-PyObject* getter_function<ClassType, MemberType>::do_call(
-    PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-{
-    PyObject* self;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("O"), &self))
-        return 0;
-
-    return to_python(
-        from_python(self, type<const ClassType*>())->*m_pm);
-}
-
-template <class ClassType, class MemberType>
-PyObject* setter_function<ClassType, MemberType>::do_call(
-    PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-{
-    PyObject* self;
-    PyObject* value;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OO"), &self, &value))
-        return 0;
-    
-    typedef typename boost::call_traits<MemberType>::const_reference extract_type;
-    from_python(self, type<ClassType*>())->*m_pm
-        = from_python(value, type<extract_type>());
-    
-    return none();
-}
-
-template <class T, class R, class V, class D>
-PyObject* virtual_function<T,R,V,D>::do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const
-{
-    // If the target object is held by pointer, we must call through the virtual
-    // function pointer to the most-derived override.
-    PyObject* target = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);
-    if (target != 0)
-    {
-        extension_instance* self = get_extension_instance(target);
-        if (self->wrapped_objects().size() == 1
-            && !self->wrapped_objects()[0]->held_by_value())
-        {
-            return caller<R>::call(m_virtual_function_ptr, args, keywords);
-        }
-    }
-    return caller<R>::call(m_default_implementation, args, keywords);
-}
-    
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif // FUNCTIONS_DWA051400_H_

include/boost/python/detail/init_function.hpp

@@ -1,507 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file was generated for %d-argument constructors by gen_init_function.python
-
-#ifndef INIT_FUNCTION_DWA052000_H_
-# define INIT_FUNCTION_DWA052000_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp>
-# include <typeinfo>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-
-  // parameter_traits - so far, this is a way to pass a const T& when we can be
-  // sure T is not a reference type, and a raw T otherwise. This should be
-  // rolled into boost::call_traits. Ordinarily, parameter_traits would be
-  // written:
-  //
-  //    template <class T> struct parameter_traits
-  //    {
-  //        typedef const T& const_reference;
-  //    };
-  //
-  //    template <class T> struct parameter_traits<T&>
-  //    {
-  //        typedef T& const_reference;
-  //    };
-  //
-  //    template <> struct parameter_traits<void>
-  //    {
-  //        typedef void const_reference;
-  //    };
-  //
-  // ...but since we can't partially specialize on reference types, we need this
-  // long-winded but equivalent incantation.
-
-  // const_ref_selector -- an implementation detail of parameter_traits (below). This uses
-  // the usual "poor man's partial specialization" hack for MSVC. 
-  template <bool is_ref>
-  struct const_ref_selector
-  {
-      template <class T>
-      struct const_ref
-      {
-          typedef const T& type;
-      };
-  };
-
-  template <>
-  struct const_ref_selector<true>
-  {
-      template <class T>
-      struct const_ref
-      {
-          typedef T type;
-      };
-  };
-
-# ifdef BOOST_MSVC
-#  pragma warning(push)
-#  pragma warning(disable: 4181)
-# endif // BOOST_MSVC
-  template <class T>
-  struct parameter_traits
-  {
-   private:
-      typedef const_ref_selector<boost::is_reference<T>::value> selector;
-   public:
-      typedef typename selector::template const_ref<T>::type const_reference;
-  };
-# ifdef BOOST_MSVC
-#  pragma warning(pop)
-# endif // BOOST_MSVC
-
-  // Full spcialization for void
-  template <>
-  struct parameter_traits<void>
-  {
-      typedef void const_reference;
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  class reference_parameter
-  {
-      typedef typename parameter_traits<T>::const_reference const_reference;
-   public:
-      reference_parameter(const_reference value)
-          : value(value) {}
-      operator const_reference() { return value; }
-   private:
-      const_reference value;
-  };
-
-class extension_instance;
-class instance_holder_base;
-
-class init;
-template <class T> struct init0;
-template <class T, class A1> struct init1;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2> struct init2;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3> struct init3;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4> struct init4;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5> struct init5;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6> struct init6;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7> struct init7;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8> struct init8;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9> struct init9;
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10> struct init10;
-
-template <class T>
-struct init_function
-{
-    static init* create(signature0) {
-        return new init0<T>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1>
-    static init* create(signature1<A1>) {
-        return new init1<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2>
-    static init* create(signature2<A1, A2>) {
-        return new init2<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-    static init* create(signature3<A1, A2, A3>) {
-        return new init3<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-    static init* create(signature4<A1, A2, A3, A4>) {
-        return new init4<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A4>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    static init* create(signature5<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>) {
-        return new init5<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A4>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A5>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-    static init* create(signature6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>) {
-        return new init6<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A4>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A5>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A6>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-    static init* create(signature7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7>) {
-        return new init7<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A4>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A5>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A6>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A7>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-    static init* create(signature8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8>) {
-        return new init8<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A4>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A5>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A6>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A7>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A8>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-    static init* create(signature9<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9>) {
-        return new init9<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A4>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A5>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A6>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A7>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A8>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A9>::const_reference>;
-    }
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-    static init* create(signature10<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10>) {
-        return new init10<T,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A1>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A2>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A3>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A4>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A5>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A6>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A7>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A8>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A9>::const_reference,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A10>::const_reference>;
-    }
-};
-
-class init : public function
-{
-private: // override function hook
-    PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-private:
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* tail_args, PyObject* keywords) const = 0;
-};
-
-
-template <class T>
-struct init0 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("")))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1>
-struct init1 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("O"), &a1))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2>
-struct init2 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OO"), &a1, &a2))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3>
-struct init3 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-struct init4 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        PyObject* a4;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A4>(from_python(a4, type<A4>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3, A4)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-struct init5 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        PyObject* a4;
-        PyObject* a5;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A4>(from_python(a4, type<A4>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A5>(from_python(a5, type<A5>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-struct init6 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        PyObject* a4;
-        PyObject* a5;
-        PyObject* a6;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOOOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5, &a6))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A4>(from_python(a4, type<A4>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A5>(from_python(a5, type<A5>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A6>(from_python(a6, type<A6>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-struct init7 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        PyObject* a4;
-        PyObject* a5;
-        PyObject* a6;
-        PyObject* a7;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOOOOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5, &a6, &a7))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A4>(from_python(a4, type<A4>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A5>(from_python(a5, type<A5>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A6>(from_python(a6, type<A6>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A7>(from_python(a7, type<A7>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-struct init8 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        PyObject* a4;
-        PyObject* a5;
-        PyObject* a6;
-        PyObject* a7;
-        PyObject* a8;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOOOOOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5, &a6, &a7, &a8))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A4>(from_python(a4, type<A4>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A5>(from_python(a5, type<A5>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A6>(from_python(a6, type<A6>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A7>(from_python(a7, type<A7>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A8>(from_python(a8, type<A8>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-struct init9 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        PyObject* a4;
-        PyObject* a5;
-        PyObject* a6;
-        PyObject* a7;
-        PyObject* a8;
-        PyObject* a9;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOOOOOOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5, &a6, &a7, &a8, &a9))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A4>(from_python(a4, type<A4>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A5>(from_python(a5, type<A5>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A6>(from_python(a6, type<A6>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A7>(from_python(a7, type<A7>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A8>(from_python(a8, type<A8>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A9>(from_python(a9, type<A9>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)).name(); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-struct init10 : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        PyObject* a1;
-        PyObject* a2;
-        PyObject* a3;
-        PyObject* a4;
-        PyObject* a5;
-        PyObject* a6;
-        PyObject* a7;
-        PyObject* a8;
-        PyObject* a9;
-        PyObject* a10;
-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOOOOOOOO"), &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5, &a6, &a7, &a8, &a9, &a10))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A1>(from_python(a1, type<A1>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A2>(from_python(a2, type<A2>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A3>(from_python(a3, type<A3>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A4>(from_python(a4, type<A4>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A5>(from_python(a5, type<A5>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A6>(from_python(a6, type<A6>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A7>(from_python(a7, type<A7>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A8>(from_python(a8, type<A8>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A9>(from_python(a9, type<A9>())),
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A10>(from_python(a10, type<A10>()))
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10)).name(); }
-};
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif // INIT_FUNCTION_DWA052000_H_

include/boost/python/detail/none.hpp

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef NONE_DWA_052000_H_
-# define NONE_DWA_052000_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
-
-inline PyObject* none() { Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; }
-    
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif // NONE_DWA_052000_H_

include/boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp

@@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file automatically generated by gen_signatures.python for 10 arguments.
-#ifndef SIGNATURES_DWA050900_H_
-# define SIGNATURES_DWA050900_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-// A stand-in for the built-in void. This one can be passed to functions and
-// (under MSVC, which has a bug, be used as a default template type parameter).
-struct void_t {};
-}
-
-// An envelope in which type information can be delivered for the purposes
-// of selecting an overloaded from_python() function. This is needed to work
-// around MSVC's lack of partial specialiation/ordering. Where normally we'd
-// want to form a function call like void f<const T&>(), We instead pass
-// type<const T&> as one of the function parameters to select a particular
-// overload.
-//
-// The id typedef helps us deal with the lack of partial ordering by generating
-// unique types for constructor signatures. In general, type<T>::id is type<T>,
-// but type<void_t>::id is just void_t.
-template <class T>
-struct type
-{
-    typedef type id;
-};
-
-template <>
-struct type<boost::python::detail::void_t>
-{
-    typedef boost::python::detail::void_t id;
-};
-
-namespace detail {
-// These basically encapsulate a chain of types, , used to make the syntax of
-// add(constructor<T1, ...>()) work. We need to produce a unique type for each number
-// of non-default parameters to constructor<>.  Q: why not use a recursive
-// formulation for infinite extensibility? A: MSVC6 seems to choke on constructs
-// that involve recursive template nesting.
-//
-// signature chaining
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class T7, class T8, class T9, class T10>
-struct signature10 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class T7, class T8, class T9>
-struct signature9 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class T7, class T8, class T9, class X>
-inline signature10<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> prepend(type<X>, signature9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>)
-    { return signature10<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(); }
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class T7, class T8>
-struct signature8 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class T7, class T8, class X>
-inline signature9<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> prepend(type<X>, signature8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>)
-    { return signature9<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(); }
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class T7>
-struct signature7 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class T7, class X>
-inline signature8<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> prepend(type<X>, signature7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>)
-    { return signature8<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(); }
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6>
-struct signature6 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6, class X>
-inline signature7<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> prepend(type<X>, signature6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>)
-    { return signature7<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(); }
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5>
-struct signature5 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class X>
-inline signature6<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> prepend(type<X>, signature5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>)
-    { return signature6<X, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(); }
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4>
-struct signature4 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class X>
-inline signature5<X, T1, T2, T3, T4> prepend(type<X>, signature4<T1, T2, T3, T4>)
-    { return signature5<X, T1, T2, T3, T4>(); }
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3>
-struct signature3 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class T3, class X>
-inline signature4<X, T1, T2, T3> prepend(type<X>, signature3<T1, T2, T3>)
-    { return signature4<X, T1, T2, T3>(); }
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-struct signature2 {};
-
-template <class T1, class T2, class X>
-inline signature3<X, T1, T2> prepend(type<X>, signature2<T1, T2>)
-    { return signature3<X, T1, T2>(); }
-
-template <class T1>
-struct signature1 {};
-
-template <class T1, class X>
-inline signature2<X, T1> prepend(type<X>, signature1<T1>)
-    { return signature2<X, T1>(); }
-
-struct signature0 {};
-
-template <class X>
-inline signature1<X> prepend(type<X>, signature0)
-    { return signature1<X>(); }
-
-
-// This one terminates the chain. Prepending void_t to the head of a void_t
-// signature results in a void_t signature again.
-inline signature0 prepend(void_t, signature0) { return signature0(); }
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-template <class A1 = detail::void_t, class A2 = detail::void_t, class A3 = detail::void_t, class A4 = detail::void_t, class A5 = detail::void_t, class A6 = detail::void_t, class A7 = detail::void_t, class A8 = detail::void_t, class A9 = detail::void_t, class A10 = detail::void_t>
-struct constructor
-{
-};
-
-namespace detail {
-// Return value extraction:
-
-// This is just another little envelope for carrying a typedef (see type,
-// above). I could have re-used type, but that has a very specific purpose. I
-// thought this would be clearer.
-template <class T>
-struct return_value_select { typedef T type; };
-
-// free functions
-template <class R>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)()) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3, A4)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-// TODO(?): handle 'const void'
-
-// member functions
-template <class R, class T>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)()) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10)) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)() const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-template <class R, class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif

include/boost/python/detail/singleton.hpp

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef SINGLETON_DWA051900_H_
-# define SINGLETON_DWA051900_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
-
-struct empty {};
-template <class Derived, class Base = empty>
-struct singleton : Base
-{
-    typedef singleton singleton_base; // Convenience type for derived class constructors
-    
-    static Derived* instance();
-
-    // Pass-through constructors
-    singleton() : Base() {}
-
-    template <class A1>
-    singleton(const A1& a1) : Base(a1) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : Base(a1, a2) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : Base(a1, a2, a3) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4) : Base(a1, a2, a3, a4) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5) : Base(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : Base(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : Base(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : Base(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9) : Base(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {}
-
-    template <class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9, class A10>
-    singleton(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4, const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9, const A10& a10) : Base(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {}
-
-};
-
-template <class Derived, class Base>
-Derived* singleton<Derived,Base>::instance()
-{
-    static Derived x;
-    return &x;
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif

include/boost/python/detail/types.hpp

@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef TYPES_DWA051800_H_
-# define TYPES_DWA051800_H_
-
-//  Usage:
-//  class X : public
-//          boost::python::callable<
-//          boost::python::getattrable <
-//          boost::python::setattrable<python_object, X> > >
-//  {
-//  public:
-//      ref call(args, kw);
-//      ref getattr(args, kw);
-//      ref setattr(args, kw);
-//  };
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp> // really just for type<>
-# include <boost/python/detail/cast.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/base_object.hpp>
-# include <typeinfo>
-# include <vector>
-# include <cassert>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-class string;
-
-namespace detail {
-
-class instance_holder_base;
-
-class type_object_base : public python_type
-{
- public:
-    explicit type_object_base(PyTypeObject* type_type);
-    virtual ~type_object_base();
-
- public:
-    enum capability {
-        hash, call, str, getattr, setattr, compare, repr,
-
-        mapping_length, mapping_subscript, mapping_ass_subscript,
-        
-        sequence_length, sequence_item, sequence_ass_item,
-        sequence_concat, sequence_repeat, sequence_slice, sequence_ass_slice,
-        
-        number_add, number_subtract, number_multiply, number_divide,
-        number_remainder, number_divmod, number_power, number_negative,
-        number_positive, number_absolute, number_nonzero, number_invert,
-        number_lshift, number_rshift, number_and, number_xor, number_or,
-        number_coerce, number_int, number_long, number_float, number_oct,
-        number_hex
-    };
-    
-    void enable(capability);
-    
-    //
-    // type behaviors
-    //
- public: // Callbacks for basic type functionality.
-    virtual PyObject* instance_repr(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual int instance_compare(PyObject*, PyObject* other) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_str(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual long instance_hash(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_call(PyObject* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* kw) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_getattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name) const;
-    virtual int instance_setattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name, PyObject* value) const;
-
-    // Dealloc is a special case, since every type needs a nonzero tp_dealloc slot.
-    virtual void instance_dealloc(PyObject*) const = 0;
-
- public: // Callbacks for mapping methods
-    virtual int instance_mapping_length(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_mapping_subscript(PyObject*, PyObject*) const ;
-    virtual int instance_mapping_ass_subscript(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-
- public: // Callbacks for sequence methods
-    virtual int instance_sequence_length(PyObject* obj) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_sequence_concat(PyObject* obj, PyObject* other) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_sequence_repeat(PyObject* obj, int n) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_sequence_item(PyObject* obj, int n) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_sequence_slice(PyObject* obj, int start, int finish) const;
-    virtual int instance_sequence_ass_item(PyObject* obj, int n, PyObject* value) const;
-    virtual int instance_sequence_ass_slice(PyObject* obj, int start, int finish, PyObject* value) const;
-    
- public: // Callbacks for number methods
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_add(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_subtract(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_multiply(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_divide(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_remainder(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_divmod(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_power(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_negative(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_positive(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_absolute(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual int instance_number_nonzero(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_invert(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_lshift(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_rshift(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_and(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_xor(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_or(PyObject*, PyObject*) const;
-    virtual int instance_number_coerce(PyObject*, PyObject**, PyObject**) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_int(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_long(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_float(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_oct(PyObject*) const;
-    virtual PyObject* instance_number_hex(PyObject*) const;
-};
-
-template <class T>
-class type_object : public type_object_base
-{
- public:
-    typedef T instance;
-
-    type_object(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name)
-        : type_object_base(type_type)
-    {
-        assert(name != 0);
-        this->tp_name = const_cast<char*>(name);
-    }
-
-    type_object(PyTypeObject* type_type)
-        : type_object_base(type_type)
-    {
-        this->tp_name = const_cast<char*>(typeid(instance).name());
-    }
-
- private: // Overridable behaviors.
-    // Called when the reference count goes to zero. The default implementation
-    // is "delete p". If you have not allocated your object with operator new or
-    // you have other constraints, you'll need to override this
-    virtual void dealloc(T* p) const;
-    
- private: // Implementation of type_object_base hooks. Do not reimplement in derived classes.
-    void instance_dealloc(PyObject*) const;
-};
-
-//
-// type objects
-//
-template <class Base>
-class callable : public Base
-{
- public:
-    typedef callable properties; // Convenience for derived class construction
-    typedef typename Base::instance instance;
-    callable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name);
-    callable(PyTypeObject* type_type);
- private:
-    PyObject* instance_call(PyObject* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* kw) const;
-};
-
-template <class Base>
-class getattrable : public Base
-{
- public:
-    typedef getattrable properties; // Convenience for derived class construction
-    typedef typename Base::instance instance;
-    getattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name);
-    getattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type);
- private:
-    PyObject* instance_getattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name) const;
-};
-
-template <class Base>
-class setattrable : public Base
-{
- public:
-    typedef setattrable properties; // Convenience for derived class construction
-    typedef typename Base::instance instance;
-    setattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name);
-    setattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type);
- private:
-    int instance_setattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name, PyObject* value) const;
-};
-
-template <class Base>
-class reprable : public Base
-{
- public:
-    typedef reprable properties; // Convenience for derived class construction
-    typedef typename Base::instance instance;
-    reprable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name);
-    reprable(PyTypeObject* type_type);
- private:
-    PyObject* instance_repr(PyObject* obj) const;
-};
-
-//
-// Member function definitions
-//
-
-// type_object<>
-template <class T>
-void type_object<T>::instance_dealloc(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    this->dealloc(downcast<instance>(obj).get());
-}
-
-template <class T>
-void type_object<T>::dealloc(T* obj) const
-{
-    delete obj;
-}
-
-// callable
-template <class Base>
-callable<Base>::callable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name)
-    : Base(type_type, name)
-{
-    this->enable(call);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-callable<Base>::callable(PyTypeObject* type_type)
-    : Base(type_type)
-{
-    this->enable(call);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-PyObject* callable<Base>::instance_call(PyObject* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* kw) const
-{
-    return downcast<instance>(obj)->call(args, kw);
-}
-
-// getattrable
-template <class Base>
-getattrable<Base>::getattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name)
-    : Base(type_type, name)
-{
-    this->enable(getattr);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-getattrable<Base>::getattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type)
-    : Base(type_type)
-{
-    this->enable(getattr);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-PyObject* getattrable<Base>::instance_getattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name) const
-{
-    return downcast<instance>(obj)->getattr(name);
-}
-
-// setattrable
-template <class Base>
-setattrable<Base>::setattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name)
-    : Base(type_type, name)
-{
-    this->enable(setattr);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-setattrable<Base>::setattrable(PyTypeObject* type_type)
-    : Base(type_type)
-{
-    this->enable(setattr);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-int setattrable<Base>::instance_setattr(PyObject* obj, const char* name, PyObject* value) const
-{
-    return downcast<instance>(obj)->setattr(name, value);
-}
-
-// reprable
-template <class Base>
-reprable<Base>::reprable(PyTypeObject* type_type, const char* name)
-    : Base(type_type, name)
-{
-    this->enable(repr);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-reprable<Base>::reprable(PyTypeObject* type_type)
-    : Base(type_type)
-{
-    this->enable(repr);
-}
-        
-template <class Base>
-PyObject* reprable<Base>::instance_repr(PyObject* obj) const
-{
-    return downcast<instance>(obj)->repr();
-}
-
-  // Helper class for optimized allocation of PODs: If two PODs
-  // happen to contain identical byte patterns, they may share their
-  // memory. Reference counting is used to free unused memory. 
-  // This is useful because method tables of related extension classes tend
-  // to be identical, so less memory is needed for them.
-  class shared_pod_manager
-  {
-      typedef std::pair<char*, std::size_t> holder;
-      typedef std::vector<holder> storage;
-        
-   public:
-      static shared_pod_manager& obj();
-      ~shared_pod_manager();
-
-      // Allocate memory for POD T and fill it with zeros.
-      // This memory is initially not shared.
-      template <class T>
-      static void create(T*& t)
-      {
-          t = reinterpret_cast<T*>(obj().create(sizeof(T)));
-      }
-
-      // Decrement the refcount for the memory t points to. If the count 
-      // goes to zero, the memory is freed.
-      template <class T>
-      static void dispose(T* t)
-      {
-          obj().dec_ref(t, sizeof(T));
-      }
-
-      // Attempt to share the memory t points to. If memory with the same 
-      // contents already exists, t is replaced by a pointer to this memory,
-      // and t's old memory is disposed. Otherwise, t will be registered for
-      // potential future sharing.
-      template <class T>
-      static void replace_if_equal(T*& t)
-      {
-          t = reinterpret_cast<T*>(obj().replace_if_equal(t, sizeof(T)));
-      }
-
-      // Create a copy of t's memory that is guaranteed to be private to t.
-      // Afterwards t points to the new memory, unless it was already private, in
-      // which case there is no change (except that t's memory will no longer
-      // be considered for future sharing - see raplade_if_equal())
-      // This function *must* be called before the contents of (*t) can
-      // be overwritten. Otherwise, inconsistencies and crashes may result.
-      template <class T>
-      static void make_unique_copy(T*& t)
-      {
-          t = reinterpret_cast<T*>(obj().make_unique_copy(t, sizeof(T)));
-      }
-
-   private:
-      void* replace_if_equal(void* pod, std::size_t size);
-      void* make_unique_copy(void* pod, std::size_t size);
-      void* create(std::size_t size);
-      void dec_ref(void* pod, std::size_t size);
-      void erase_from_list(void* pod);
-        
-      struct compare;
-      struct identical;
-
-   private:
-      shared_pod_manager() {} // instance
-
-#ifdef TYPE_OBJECT_BASE_STANDALONE_TEST
-   public:
-#endif
-      storage m_storage;
-  };
-
-
-  void add_capability(type_object_base::capability capability, 
-                      PyTypeObject* dest);
-
-// This macro gets the length of an array as a compile-time constant, and will
-// fail to compile if the parameter is a pointer.
-# define PY_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) \
-        (sizeof(::boost::python::detail::countof_validate(a, &(a))) ? sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]) : 0)
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline void countof_validate(T* const, T* const*);
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline int countof_validate(const void*, T);
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif // TYPES_DWA051800_H_

include/boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-//  This file serves as a wrapper around <Python.h> which allows it to be
-//  compiled with GCC 2.95.2 under Win32 and which disables the default MSVC
-//  behavior so that a program may be compiled in debug mode without requiring a
-//  special debugging build of the Python library.
-
-
-//  To use the Python debugging library, #define BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON on the
-//  compiler command-line.
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-# ifndef BOOST_DEBUG_PYTHON
-#  undef _DEBUG // Don't let Python force the debug library just because we're debugging.
-#  define DEBUG_UNDEFINED_FROM_WRAP_PYTHON_H
-# endif
-#endif
-
-//
-// Some things we need in order to get Python.h to work with compilers other
-// than MSVC on Win32
-//
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-# ifdef __GNUC__
-
-typedef int pid_t;
-#  define WORD_BIT 32
-#  define hypot _hypot
-#  include <stdio.h>
-#  define HAVE_CLOCK
-#  define HAVE_STRFTIME
-#  define HAVE_STRERROR
-#  define NT_THREADS
-#  define WITH_THREAD
-#  ifndef NETSCAPE_PI
-#   define USE_SOCKET
-#  endif
-
-#  ifdef USE_DL_IMPORT
-#   define DL_IMPORT(RTYPE) __declspec(dllimport) RTYPE
-#  endif
-
-#  ifdef USE_DL_EXPORT
-#   define DL_IMPORT(RTYPE) __declspec(dllexport) RTYPE
-#   define DL_EXPORT(RTYPE) __declspec(dllexport) RTYPE
-#  endif
-
-#  define HAVE_LONG_LONG 1
-#  define LONG_LONG long long
-
-# elif defined(__MWERKS__)
-
-#  ifndef _MSC_VER
-#   define PY_MSC_VER_DEFINED_FROM_WRAP_PYTHON_H 1
-#   define _MSC_VER 900
-#  endif
-
-# endif
-
-#endif // _WIN32
-
-#include <Python.h>
-
-#ifdef PY_MSC_VER_DEFINED_FROM_WRAP_PYTHON_H
-# undef _MSC_VER
-#endif
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_UNDEFINED_FROM_WRAP_PYTHON_H
-# undef DEBUG_UNDEFINED_FROM_WRAP_PYTHON_H
-# define _DEBUG
-#endif
-

include/boost/python/errors.hpp

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef ERRORS_DWA052500_H_
-# define ERRORS_DWA052500_H_
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-struct error_already_set {};
-struct argument_error : error_already_set {};
-
-// Handles exceptions caught just before returning to Python code.
-void handle_exception();
-
-template <class T>
-T* expect_non_null(T* x)
-{
-    if (x == 0)
-        throw error_already_set();
-    return x;
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // ERRORS_DWA052500_H_

include/boost/python/module_builder.hpp

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef MODULE_DWA051000_H_
-# define MODULE_DWA051000_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-class module_builder
-{
- public:
-    // Create a module. REQUIRES: only one module_builder is created per module.
-    module_builder(const char* name);
-    ~module_builder();
-
-    // Add elements to the module
-    void add(detail::function* x, const char* name);
-    void add(PyTypeObject* x, const char* name = 0);
-    void add(ref x, const char*name);
-
-    template <class Fn>
-    void def_raw(Fn fn, const char* name)
-    {
-        add(detail::new_raw_arguments_function(fn), name);
-    }
-    
-    template <class Fn>
-    void def(Fn fn, const char* name)
-    {
-        add(detail::new_wrapped_function(fn), name);
-    }
-
-    // Return true iff a module is currently being built.
-    static bool initializing();
-    
-    // Return the name of the module currently being built.
-    // REQUIRES: initializing() == true
-    static string name();
-
-    // Return a pointer to the Python module object being built
-    PyObject* module() const;
-
- private:
-    PyObject* m_module;
-    static PyMethodDef initial_methods[1];
-};
-
-//
-// inline implementations
-//
-inline PyObject* module_builder::module() const
-{
-    return m_module;
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif

include/boost/python/objects.hpp

@@ -1,334 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef OBJECTS_DWA051100_H_
-# define OBJECTS_DWA051100_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
-# include "boost/operators.hpp"
-# include <utility>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-class object
-{
- public:
-    explicit object(ref p);
-    
-    // Return a reference to the held object
-    ref reference() const;
-
-    // Return a raw pointer to the held object
-    PyObject* get() const;
-    
- private:
-    ref m_p;
-};
-
-class tuple : public object
-{
- public:
-    explicit tuple(std::size_t n = 0);
-    explicit tuple(ref p);
-
-    template <class First, class Second>
-    tuple(const std::pair<First,Second>& x)
-        : object(ref(PyTuple_New(2)))
-    {
-        set_item(0, x.first);
-        set_item(1, x.second);
-    }
-    
-    template <class First, class Second>
-    tuple(const First& first, const Second& second)
-        : object(ref(PyTuple_New(2)))
-    {
-        set_item(0, first);
-        set_item(1, second);
-    }
-    
-    template <class First, class Second, class Third>
-    tuple(const First& first, const Second& second, const Third& third)
-        : object(ref(PyTuple_New(3)))
-    {
-        set_item(0, first);
-        set_item(1, second);
-        set_item(2, third);
-    }
-    
-    template <class First, class Second, class Third, class Fourth>
-    tuple(const First& first, const Second& second, const Third& third, const Fourth& fourth)
-        : object(ref(PyTuple_New(4)))
-    {
-        set_item(0, first);
-        set_item(1, second);
-        set_item(2, third);
-        set_item(3, fourth);
-    }
-    
-    static PyTypeObject* type_obj();
-    static bool accepts(ref p);
-    std::size_t size() const;
-    ref operator[](std::size_t pos) const;
-
-    template <class T>
-    void set_item(std::size_t pos, const T& rhs)
-    {
-        this->set_item(pos, make_ref(rhs));
-    }
-    
-    void set_item(std::size_t pos, const ref& rhs);
-    
-    tuple slice(int low, int high) const;
-
-    friend tuple operator+(const tuple&, const tuple&);
-    tuple& operator+=(const tuple& rhs);
-};
-
-class list : public object
-{
-    struct proxy;
-    struct slice_proxy;
- public:
-    explicit list(ref p);
-    explicit list(std::size_t sz = 0);
-    static PyTypeObject* type_obj();
-    static bool accepts(ref p);
-    std::size_t size();
-    ref operator[](std::size_t pos) const;
-    proxy operator[](std::size_t pos);
-    ref get_item(std::size_t pos) const;
-
-    template <class T>
-    void set_item(std::size_t pos, const T& x)
-        { this->set_item(pos, make_ref(x)); }
-    void set_item(std::size_t pos, const ref& );
-    
-//    void set_item(std::size_t pos, const object& );
-
-    template <class T>
-    void insert(std::size_t index, const T& x)
-        { this->insert(index, make_ref(x)); }
-    void insert(std::size_t index, const ref& item);
-
-    template <class T>
-    void push_back(const T& item)
-        { this->push_back(make_ref(item)); }
-    void push_back(const ref& item);
-    
-    template <class T>
-    void append(const T& item)
-        { this->append(make_ref(item)); }
-    void append(const ref& item);
-    
-    list slice(int low, int high) const;
-    slice_proxy slice(int low, int high);
-    void sort();
-    void reverse();
-    tuple as_tuple() const;
-};
-
-class string
-    : public object, public boost::multipliable2<string, unsigned int>
-{
- public:
-    // Construct from an owned PyObject*.
-    // Precondition: p must point to a python string.
-    explicit string(ref p);
-    explicit string(const char* s);
-    string(const char* s, std::size_t length);
-    string(const string& rhs);
-
-    enum interned_t { interned };
-    string(const char* s, interned_t);
-    
-    // Get the type object for Strings
-    static PyTypeObject* type_obj();
-
-    // Return true if the given object is a python string
-    static bool accepts(ref o);
-
-    // Return the length of the string.
-    std::size_t size() const;
-
-    // Returns a null-terminated representation of the contents of string.
-    // The pointer refers to the internal buffer of string, not a copy.
-    // The data must not be modified in any way. It must not be de-allocated. 
-    const char* c_str() const;
-
-    string& operator*=(unsigned int repeat_count);
-    string& operator+=(const string& rhs);
-    friend string operator+(string x, string y);
-    string& operator+=(const char* rhs);
-    friend string operator+(string x, const char* y);
-    friend string operator+(const char* x, string y);
-
-    void intern();
-
-    friend string operator%(const string& format, const tuple& args);
-};
-
-class dictionary : public object
-{
- private:
-    struct proxy;
-    
- public:
-    explicit dictionary(ref p);
-    dictionary();
-    void clear();
-
-    static PyTypeObject* type_obj();
-    static bool accepts(ref p);
-    
- public:
-    template <class Key>
-    proxy operator[](const Key& key)
-        { return this->operator[](make_ref(key)); }
-    proxy operator[](ref key);
-    
-    template <class Key>
-    ref operator[](const Key& key) const
-        { return this->operator[](make_ref(key)); }
-    ref operator[](ref key) const;
-
-    template <class Key>
-    ref get_item(const Key& key) const
-        { return this->get_item(make_ref(key)); }
-    ref get_item(const ref& key) const;
-    
-    template <class Key, class Default>
-    ref get_item(const Key& key, const Default& default_) const
-        { return this->get_item(make_ref(key), make_ref(default_)); }
-    ref get_item(const ref& key, const ref& default_) const;
-    
-    template <class Key, class Value>
-    void set_item(const Key& key, const Value& value)
-        { this->set_item(make_ref(key), make_ref(value)); }
-    void set_item(const ref& key, const ref& value);
-
-    template <class Key>
-    void erase(const Key& key)
-        { this->erase(make_ref(key)); }
-    void erase(ref key);
-
-//    proxy operator[](const object& key);
-//    ref operator[](const object& key) const;
-
-//    ref get_item(const object& key, ref default_ = ref()) const;
-//    void set_item(const object& key, const ref& value);
-        
-//    void erase(const object& key);
-
-    list items() const;
-    list keys() const;
-    list values() const;
-
-    std::size_t size() const;
-    // TODO: iterator support
-};
-
-struct dictionary::proxy
-{
-    template <class T>
-    const ref& operator=(const T& rhs)
-        { return (*this) = make_ref(rhs); }
-    const ref& operator=(const ref& rhs);
-
-    operator ref() const;
- private:
-    friend class dictionary;
-    proxy(const ref& dict, const ref& key);
-
-    // This is needed to work around the very strange MSVC error report that the
-    // return type of the built-in operator= differs from that of the ones
-    // defined above. Couldn't hurt to make these un-assignable anyway, though.
-    const ref& operator=(const proxy&); // Not actually implemented
- private:
-    ref m_dict;
-    ref m_key;
-};
-
-struct list::proxy
-{
-    template <class T>
-    const ref& operator=(const T& rhs)
-        { return (*this) = make_ref(rhs); }
-    const ref& operator=(const ref& rhs);
-    
-    operator ref() const;
-    
- private:
-    friend class list;
-    proxy(const ref& list, std::size_t index);
-    
-    // This is needed to work around the very strange MSVC error report that the
-    // return type of the built-in operator= differs from that of the ones
-    // defined above. Couldn't hurt to make these un-assignable anyway, though.
-    const ref& operator=(const proxy&); // Not actually implemented
- private:
-    list m_list;
-    std::size_t m_index;
-};
-
-struct list::slice_proxy
-{
-    const list& operator=(const list& rhs);
-    operator ref() const;
-    operator list() const;
-    std::size_t size();
-    ref operator[](std::size_t pos) const;
- private:
-    friend class list;
-    slice_proxy(const ref& list, int low, int high);
- private:
-    ref m_list;
-    int m_low, m_high;
-};
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::tuple&);
-boost::python::tuple from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::tuple>);
-
-inline boost::python::tuple from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::python::tuple&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::python::tuple>());
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::list&);
-boost::python::list from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::list>);
-
-inline boost::python::list from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::python::list&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::python::list>());
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::string&);
-boost::python::string from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::string>);
-
-inline boost::python::string from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::python::string&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::python::string>());
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::dictionary&);
-boost::python::dictionary from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::dictionary>);
-
-inline boost::python::dictionary from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::python::dictionary&>)
-{
-    return from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::python::dictionary>());
-}
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-#endif // OBJECTS_DWA051100_H_

include/boost/python/operators.hpp

@@ -1,509 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef OPERATORS_UK112000_H_
-#define OPERATORS_UK112000_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/reference.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-
-// When STLport is used with native streams, _STL::ostringstream().str() is not
-// _STL::string, but std::string. This confuses to_python(), so we'll use
-// strstream instead. Also, GCC 2.95.2 doesn't have sstream.
-# if defined(__SGI_STL_PORT) ? defined(__SGI_STL_OWN_IOSTREAMS) : (!defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ > 2)
-#  include <sstream>
-# else
-#  include <strstream>
-# endif
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-tuple standard_coerce(ref l, ref r);
-
-namespace detail {
-  
-  // helper class for automatic operand type detection
-  // during operator wrapping.
-  struct auto_operand {};
-}
-
-// Define operator ids that can be or'ed together
-// (boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub | boost::python::op_mul).
-// This allows to wrap several operators in one line.
-enum operator_id
-{ 
-    op_add = 0x1, 
-    op_sub = 0x2, 
-    op_mul = 0x4, 
-    op_div = 0x8, 
-    op_mod = 0x10, 
-    op_divmod =0x20, 
-    op_pow = 0x40, 
-    op_lshift = 0x80, 
-    op_rshift = 0x100, 
-    op_and = 0x200, 
-    op_xor = 0x400, 
-    op_or = 0x800, 
-    op_neg = 0x1000, 
-    op_pos = 0x2000, 
-    op_abs = 0x4000, 
-    op_invert = 0x8000, 
-    op_int = 0x10000, 
-    op_long = 0x20000, 
-    op_float = 0x40000, 
-    op_str = 0x80000,
-    op_cmp = 0x100000 
-};
-
-// Wrap the operators given by "which". Usage:
-//   foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub)>());
-template <long which, class operand = boost::python::detail::auto_operand>
-struct operators {};
-
-// Wrap heterogeneous operators with given left operand type. Usage:
-//   foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub)>(),
-//                 boost::python::left_operand<int>());
-template <class T>
-struct left_operand {};
-
-// Wrap heterogeneous operators with given right operand type. Usage:
-//   foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub)>(),
-//                 boost::python::right_operand<int>());
-template <class T>
-struct right_operand {};
-
-namespace detail
-{
-  template <class Specified>
-  struct operand_select
-  {
-      template <class wrapped_type>
-      struct wrapped
-      {
-          typedef Specified type;
-      };
-  };
-
-  template <>
-  struct operand_select<auto_operand>
-  {
-      template <class wrapped_type>
-      struct wrapped
-      {
-          typedef const wrapped_type& type;
-      };
-  };
-
-  template <long> struct define_operator;
-
-  // Base class which grants access to extension_class_base::add_method() to its derived classes
-  struct add_operator_base
-  {
-   protected:
-      static inline void add_method(extension_class_base* target, function* method, const char* name)
-          { target->add_method(method, name); }
-  };
-
-//
-// choose_op, choose_unary_op, and choose_rop
-//
-// These templates use "poor man's partial specialization" to generate the
-// appropriate add_method() call (if any) for a given operator and argument set.
-//
-//  Usage:
-//      choose_op<(which & op_add)>::template args<left_t,right_t>::add(ext_class);
-// 
-// (see extension_class<>::def_operators() for more examples).
-//
-  template <long op_selector>
-  struct choose_op
-  {
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>
-      struct args : add_operator_base
-      {
-          static inline void add(extension_class_base* target)
-          {
-              typedef define_operator<op_selector> def_op;
-              add_method(target,
-                         new typename def_op::template operator_function<Left, Right>(),
-                         def_op::name());
-          }
-
-      };
-  };
-
-  // specialization for 0 has no effect
-  template <>
-  struct choose_op<0>
-  {
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>
-      struct args
-      {
-          static inline void add(extension_class_base*)
-          {
-          }
-
-      };
-  };
-  
-  template <long op_selector>
-  struct choose_unary_op
-  {
-      template <class Operand>
-      struct args : add_operator_base
-      {
-          static inline void add(extension_class_base* target)
-          {
-              typedef define_operator<op_selector> def_op;
-              add_method(target,
-                         new typename def_op::template operator_function<Operand>(),
-                         def_op::name());
-          }
-
-      };
-  };
-  
-  // specialization for 0 has no effect
-  template <>
-  struct choose_unary_op<0>
-  {
-      template <class Operand>
-      struct args
-      {
-          static inline void add(extension_class_base*)
-          {
-          }
-
-      };
-  };
-  
-  template <long op_selector>
-  struct choose_rop
-  {
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>
-      struct args : add_operator_base
-      {
-          static inline void add(extension_class_base* target)
-          {
-              typedef define_operator<op_selector> def_op;
-              add_method(target,
-                         new typename def_op::template roperator_function<Right, Left>(),
-                         def_op::rname());
-          }
-
-      };
-  };
-  
-  // specialization for 0 has no effect
-  template <>
-  struct choose_rop<0>
-  {
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>
-      struct args
-      {
-          static inline void add(extension_class_base*)
-          {
-          }
-
-      };
-  };
-
-
-// Fully specialize define_operator for all operators defined in operator_id above.
-// Every specialization defines one function object for normal operator calls and one
-// for operator calls with operands reversed ("__r*__" function variants).
-// Specializations for most operators follow a standard pattern: execute the expression
-// that uses the operator in question. This standard pattern is realized by the following 
-// macros so that the actual specialization can be done by just calling a macro.
-#define PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(id, oper)                                            \
-  template <>                                                                           \
-  struct define_operator<op_##id>                                                       \
-  {                                                                                     \
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>                                         \
-      struct operator_function : function                                               \
-      {                                                                                 \
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const        \
-          {                                                                             \
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));                                 \
-                                                                                        \
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(                                          \
-                  BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) oper      \
-                  BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()));        \
-          }                                                                             \
-                                                                                        \
-          const char* description() const                                               \
-              { return "__" #id "__"; }                                                 \
-      };                                                                                \
-                                                                                        \
-      template <class Right, class Left>                                                \
-      struct roperator_function : function                                              \
-      {                                                                                 \
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const        \
-          {                                                                             \
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));                                 \
-                                                                                        \
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(                                          \
-                  BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) oper      \
-                  BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()));        \
-          }                                                                             \
-                                                                                        \
-          const char* description() const                                               \
-              { return "__r" #id "__"; }                                                \
-                                                                                        \
-      };                                                                                \
-                                                                                        \
-      static const char * name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                              \
-      static const char * rname() { return "__r" #id "__"; }                            \
-  }
-
-#define PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(id, oper) \
-  template <>                                                                                   \
-  struct define_operator<op_##id>                                                               \
-  {                                                                                             \
-      template <class operand>                                                                  \
-      struct operator_function : function                                                       \
-      {                                                                                         \
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const                \
-          {                                                                                     \
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));                                         \
-                                                                                                \
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(                                                  \
-                  oper(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<operand>())));        \
-          }                                                                                     \
-                                                                                                \
-          const char* description() const                                                       \
-              { return "__" #id "__"; }                                                         \
-      };                                                                                        \
-                                                                                                \
-      static const char * name() { return "__" #id "__"; }                                      \
-  }
-
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(add, +);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(sub, -);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(mul, *);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(div, /);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(mod, %);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(lshift, <<);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(rshift, >>);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(and, &);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(xor, ^);
-  PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS(or, |);
-
-  PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(neg, -);
-  PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(pos, +);
-  PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(abs, abs);
-  PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(invert, ~);
-  PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(int, long);
-  PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(long, PyLong_FromLong);
-  PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS(float, double);
-
-#undef PY_DEFINE_BINARY_OPERATORS
-#undef PY_DEFINE_UNARY_OPERATORS
-
-// Some operators need special treatment, e.g. because there is no corresponding 
-// expression in C++. These are specialized manually.
-
-// pow(): Manual specialization needed because an error message is required if this 
-// function is called with three arguments. The "power modulo" operator is not  
-// supported by define_operator, but can be wrapped manually (see special.html).
-  template <>
-  struct define_operator<op_pow>
-  {
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>
-      struct operator_function : function
-      {
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-          { 
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
-
-              if (args.size() == 3 && args[2]->ob_type != Py_None->ob_type)
-              {
-                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected 2 arguments, got 3");
-                  throw argument_error();
-              }
-
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                  pow(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()),
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()))); 
-          }
-
-          const char* description() const
-              { return "__pow__"; }
-
-      };
-
-      template <class Right, class Left>
-      struct roperator_function : function
-      {
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-          { 
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
-
-              if (args.size() == 3 && args[2]->ob_type != Py_None->ob_type)
-              {
-                  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bad operand type(s) for pow()");
-                  throw argument_error();
-              }
-
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                  pow(BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()),
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()))); 
-          }
-
-          const char* description() const
-              { return "__rpow__"; }
-
-      };
-
-      static const char * name() { return "__pow__"; }
-      static const char * rname() { return "__rpow__"; }
-  };
-
-// divmod(): Manual specialization needed because we must actually call two operators and
-// return a tuple containing both results
-  template <>
-  struct define_operator<op_divmod>
-  {
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>
-      struct operator_function : function
-      {
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-          { 
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
-              PyObject * res = PyTuple_New(2);
-
-              PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 0,
-                BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) /
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()))); 
-              PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 1,
-                BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) %
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Right>())));
-
-              return res; 
-          }
-
-          const char* description() const
-              { return "__divmod__"; }
-
-      };
-
-      template <class Right, class Left>
-      struct roperator_function : function
-      {
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-          { 
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
-              PyObject * res = PyTuple_New(2);
-
-              PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 0,
-                BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) /
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()))); 
-              PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 1,
-                BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) %
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Right>())));
-
-              return res; 
-          }
-
-          const char* description() const
-              { return "__rdivmod__"; }
-
-      };
-
-      static const char * name() { return "__divmod__"; }
-      static const char * rname() { return "__rdivmod__"; }
-  };
-
-// cmp(): Manual specialization needed because there is no three-way compare in C++.
-// It is implemented by two one-way comparisons with operators reversed in the second.
-  template <>
-  struct define_operator<op_cmp>
-  {
-      template <class Left, class Right = Left>
-      struct operator_function : function
-      {
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-          { 
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
-
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                  (BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) <
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Right>())) ?
-                       - 1 :
-                       (BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()) <
-                       BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Left>())) ?
-                           1 :
-                           0) ; 
-          }
-
-          const char* description() const
-              { return "__cmp__"; }
-
-      };
-
-      template <class Right, class Left>
-      struct roperator_function : function
-      {
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject* /* keywords */) const
-          { 
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
-
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(
-                  (BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Left>()) <
-                   BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Right>())) ?
-                       - 1 :
-                       (BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<Right>()) <
-                       BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[1].get(), boost::python::type<Left>())) ?
-                           1 :
-                           0) ; 
-          }
-
-          const char* description() const
-              { return "__rcmp__"; }
-
-      };
-
-      static const char * name() { return "__cmp__"; }
-      static const char * rname() { return "__rcmp__"; }
-  };
-
-// str(): Manual specialization needed because the string conversion does not follow
-// the standard pattern relized by the macros.
-  template <>
-  struct define_operator<op_str>
-  {
-      template <class operand>
-      struct operator_function : function
-      {
-          PyObject* do_call(PyObject* arguments, PyObject*) const
-          { 
-              tuple args(ref(arguments, ref::increment_count));
-
-// When STLport is used with native streams, _STL::ostringstream().str() is not
-// _STL::string, but std::string.
-#if defined(__SGI_STL_PORT) ? defined(__SGI_STL_OWN_IOSTREAMS) : (!defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ > 2)
-              std::ostringstream s;
-              s << BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<operand>());
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(s.str()); 
-#else
-              std::ostrstream s;
-              s << BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(args[0].get(), boost::python::type<operand>()) << char();
-              return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::to_python(const_cast<char const *>(s.str())); 
-#endif
-          }
-
-          const char* description() const
-              { return "__str__"; }
-
-      };
-
-      static const char * name() { return "__str__"; }
-  };
-
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif /* OPERATORS_UK112000_H_ */

include/boost/python/reference.hpp

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef PYPTR_DWA050400_H_
-# define PYPTR_DWA050400_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/operators.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/cast.hpp>
-# include <cassert>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/conversions.hpp>
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-template <class T, class Value, class Base>
-struct py_ptr_conversions : Base
-{
-    inline friend T from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type<const T&>)
-        { return T(boost::python::downcast<Value>(x).get(), T::increment_count); }
-
-    inline friend T from_python(PyObject* x, boost::python::type<T>)
-        { return T(boost::python::downcast<Value>(x).get(), T::increment_count); }
-    
-    inline friend PyObject* to_python(T x)
-        { return boost::python::as_object(x.release()); }
-    
-};
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_IMPORT_CONVERSION(py_ptr_conversions);
-
-template <class T>
-class reference
-	: public py_ptr_conversions<reference<T>, T,
-       boost::dereferenceable<reference<T>, T*> > // supplies op->
-{
-public:
-    typedef T value_type;
-    
-	reference(const reference& rhs)
-		: m_p(rhs.m_p)
-	{
-		Py_XINCREF(object());
-	}
-
-#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER)
-	template <class T2>
-	reference(const reference<T2>& rhs)
-		: m_p(rhs.object())
-	{
-		Py_XINCREF(object());
-	}
-#endif
-
-	reference() : m_p(0) {}
-    
-    // These are two ways of spelling the same thing, that we need to increment
-    // the reference count on the pointer when we're initialized.
-	enum increment_count_t { increment_count };
-
-    enum allow_null { null_ok };
-    
-    template <class T2>
-    explicit reference(T2* x)
-        : m_p(expect_non_null(x)) {}
-
-    template <class T2>
-    reference(T2* x, increment_count_t)
-        : m_p(expect_non_null(x)) { Py_INCREF(object()); }
-	
-    template <class T2>
-    reference(T2* x, allow_null)
-        : m_p(x) {}
-
-    template <class T2>
-    reference(T2* x, allow_null, increment_count_t)
-        : m_p(x) { Py_XINCREF(object()); }
-	
-    template <class T2>
-    reference(T2* x, increment_count_t, allow_null)
-        : m_p(x) { Py_XINCREF(object()); }
-	
-#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER)
-	template <class T2>
-	reference& operator=(const reference<T2>& rhs)
-	{
-		Py_XDECREF(object());
-		m_p = rhs.m_p;
-		Py_XINCREF(object());
-		return *this;
-	}
-#endif
-
-	reference& operator=(const reference& rhs)
-	{
-		Py_XINCREF(static_cast<PyObject*>(rhs.m_p));
-		Py_XDECREF(object());
-		m_p = rhs.m_p;
-		return *this;
-	}
-    
-	~reference()
-	{
-		Py_XDECREF(m_p);
-	}
-	
-	T& operator*() const { return *m_p; }
-    
-	T* get() const { return m_p; }
-
-	T* release()
-	{
-		T* p = m_p;
-		m_p = 0;
-		return p;
-	}
-
-    void reset()
-        { Py_XDECREF(m_p); m_p = 0; }
-    
-    template <class T2>
-    void reset(T2* x)
-        { Py_XDECREF(m_p); m_p = expect_non_null(x);}
-
-    template <class T2>
-    void reset(T2* x, increment_count_t)
-        { Py_XDECREF(m_p); m_p = expect_non_null(x); Py_INCREF(object()); }
-	
-    template <class T2>
-    void reset(T2* x, allow_null)
-        { Py_XDECREF(m_p); m_p = x;}
-
-    template <class T2>
-    void reset(T2* x, allow_null, increment_count_t)
-        { Py_XDECREF(m_p); m_p = x; Py_XINCREF(object()); }
-	
-    template <class T2>
-    void reset(T2* x, increment_count_t, allow_null)
-        { Py_XDECREF(m_p); m_p = x; Py_XINCREF(object()); }
-	
-#if !defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS)
-private:
-    template<typename Y> friend class shared_ptr;
-#endif
-
-    inline PyObject* object() const
-        { return as_object(m_p); }
-
-	T* m_p;
-};
-
-typedef reference<PyObject> ref;
-
-template <class T>
-ref make_ref(const T& x)
-{
-    return ref(to_python(x));
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // PYPTR_DWA050400_H_

release_notes.txt

@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
-2000-11-22 10:00
-    Ullrich fixed bug in operator_dispatcher<op_long>.
-    
-2000-11-21 10:00
-    Changed all class and function names into lower_case.
-    
-    Ullrich updated documentation for operator wrapping.
-    
-2000-11-20 10:00
-    Ullrich renamed ExtensionClass:register_coerce() into 
-    ExtensionClass:def_standard_coerce() and made it public
-    
-    Ullrich improved shared_pod_manager.
-    
-2000-11-17 15:04
-    Changed allocation strategy of shared_pod_manager to make it portable.
-    
-    Added pickling support + tests thanks to "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve"
-    <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
-
-    Added a specialization of Callback<const char*> to prevent unsafe usage.
-
-    Fixed Ullrich's operator_dispatcher refcount bug
-
-    Removed const char* return values from virtual functions in tests; that
-    usage was unsafe.
-
-    Ullrich changed Module::add() so that it steals a reference (fix of refcount bug)
-    
-    Ullrich added operator_dispatcher::create() optimization
-    
-    Ullrich changed design and implementation of TypeObjectBase::enable() (to eliminate low-level
-    code) and added shared_pod_manager optimization.
-
-
-2000-11-15 12:01
-    Fixed refcount bugs in operator calls.
-    
-    Added callback_adjust_refcount(PyObject*, Type<T>) to account for different ownership 
-    semantics of Callback's return types and Caller's arguments (which both use from_python())
-    This bug caused refcount errors during operator calls.
-
-    Moved operator_dispatcher into extclass.cpp
-    Gave it shared ownership of the objects it wraps
-
-    Introduced sequence points in extension_class_coerce for exception-safety
-
-    UPPER_CASE_MACRO_NAMES
-
-    MixedCase template type argument names
-
-    Changed internal error reporting to use Python exceptions so we don't force the
-    user to link in iostreams code
-
-    Changed error return value of call_cmp to -1
-
-    Moved unwrap_* functions out of operator_dispatcher. This was transitional: when
-    I realized they didn't need to be declared in extclass.h I moved them out, but
-    now that operator_dispatcher itself is in extclass.cpp they could go back in.
-
-    Numerous formatting tweaks
-
-    Updated the BoundFunction::create() optimization and enabled it so it could actually be used!
-
-2000-11-15 00:26
-
-    Made Ullrich's operators support work with MSVC
-    
-    Cleaned up operators.h such that invalid define_operator<0> is no longer needed.
-    
-    Ullrich created operators.h to support wrapping of C++ operators (including the "__r*__" forms). 
-    He added several auxiliary classes to extclass.h and extclass.cpp (most importantly, 
-    py::detail::operator_dispatcher and py::operators)
-
-2000-11-13 22:29
-
-    removed obsolete ExtensionClassFromPython for good.
-
-    removed unused class ExtensionType forward declaration
-
-2000-11-12 13:08
-
-    Added enum_as_int_converters for easier enum wrapping
-
-    Introduced new conversion namespace macros:
-        PY_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE,
-        PY_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE,
-        PY_CONVERSION
-
-    callback.h, gen_callback.py:
-        Added call() function so that a regular python function (as opposed to
-         method or other function-as-attribute) can be called.
-
-         Added newlines for readability.
-
-    class_wrapper.h:
-        Fixed a bug in add(), which allows non-method class attributes
-
-    Ullrich has added def_raw for simple varargs and keyword support.
-
-    Fixed version number check for __MWERKS__
-    
-    Added tests for enums and non-method class attributes
-
-    objects.h/objects.cpp:
-        Added py::String operator*= and operator* for repetition
-
-        Change Dict::items(), keys(), and values() to return a List
-
-        Added template versions of set_item, etc., methods so that users can optionally
-        use C++ types that have to_python() functions as parameters.
-
-        Changed various Ptr by-value parameters to const Ptr&
-
-
-======= Release =======
-2000-11-06 0:22 
-    Lots of documentation updates
-
-    added 4-argument template constructor to py::Tuple
-
-    added "add" member function to ClassWrapper<> to allow arbitrary Python
-    objects to be added to an extension class.
-
-    gen_all.py now generates support for n argument member functions and n+1
-    argument member functions at the suggestion of "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve"
-    <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
-
-    Added regression tests and re-ordered declare_base calls to verify that the
-    phantom base class issue is resolved.
-
-2000-11-04 17:35
-
-    Integrated Ullrich Koethe's brilliant from_python_experiment for better
-    error-reporting in many cases.
-
-    extclass.h, gen_extclass.py:
-        removed special-case MSVC code
-        added much commentary
-        removed unused py_copy_to_new_value_holder
-
-    init_function.h, gen_init_function.py:
-        added missing 'template' keyword on type-dependent template member usage
-        removed special-case MSVC code
-        added much commentary
-        
-2000-11-04 0:36
-
-    Removed the need for the phantom base class that screwed up inheritance
-    hierarchies, introduced error-prone ordering dependencies, and complexified
-    logic in many places!
-    
-    extclass.h: Added some explanatory comments, removed wasteful m_self member
-    of HeldInstance
-
-    extclass_demo.cpp: Added #pragmas which allow compilation in ansi strict
-    mode under Metrowerks
-
-    functions.h: Added virtual_function as part of phantom base class removal;
-    expanded commentary
-
-    pyptr.h: Added some missing 'typename's and a GCC workaround fix
-
-    subclass.cpp: Added missing string literal const_cast<>s.
-
-2000-11-03 10:58
-
-    Fix friend function instantiation bug caught by Metrowerks (thanks
-    Metrowerks!)
-
-    Add proof-of-concept for one technique of wrapping function that return a
-    pointer
-
-    Worked around MSVC optimizer bug by writing to_python(double) and
-    to_python(float) out-of-line
-
-2000-11-02 23:25
-
-    Add /Zm200 option to vc6_prj to deal with MSVC resource limitations
-    
-    Remove conflicting /Ot option from vc6_prj release build
-
-======= Release =======
-2000-11-02 17:42
-
-    Added a fix for interactions between default virtual function
-    implementations and declare_base(). You still need to write your
-    declare_base() /after/ all member functions have been def()d for the two
-    classes concerned.  Many, many thanks to Ullrich Koethe
-    <koethe@informatik.uni-hamburg.de> for all his work on this.
-
-    Added missing conversions:
-        to_python(float)
-        from_python(const char* const&)
-        from_python(const double&)
-        from_python(const float&)
-
-    Added a Regression test for a reference-counting bug thanks to Mark Evans
-    (<mark.evans@clarisay.com>)
-
-    const-ify ClassBase::getattr()
-
-    Add repr() function to Class<T>
-
-    Add to_python/from_python conversions for PyPtr<T>
-
-    Standardize set_item/get_item interfaces (instead of proxies) for Dict and List
-
-    Add Reprable<> template to newtypes.h
-
-    Fix a bug wherein the __module__ attribute would be lost for classes that have a
-    default virtual function implementation.
-
-    Remove extra ';' in module.cpp thanks to "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve"
-    <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
-
-    Fix a bug in the code of example1.html

src/classes.cpp

@@ -1,904 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#include <boost/python/classes.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/detail/singleton.hpp>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <boost/python/callback.hpp>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <boost/python/module_builder.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-  void enable_named_method(boost::python::detail::class_base* type_obj, const char* name);
-}
-
-namespace {
-  // Add the name of the module currently being loaded to the name_space with the
-  // key "__module__". If no module is being loaded, or if name_space already has
-  // a key "__module", has no effect. This is not really a useful public
-  // interface; it's just used for class_t<>::class_t() below.
-  void add_current_module_name(dictionary&);
-
-  bool is_prefix(const char* s1, const char* s2);
-  bool is_special_name(const char* name);
-  void enable_special_methods(boost::python::detail::class_base* derived, const tuple& bases, const dictionary& name_space);
-
-  void report_ignored_exception(PyObject* source)
-  {
-      // This bit of code copied wholesale from classobject.c in the Python source.
-      PyObject *f, *t, *v, *tb;
-      PyErr_Fetch(&t, &v, &tb);
-      f = PySys_GetObject(const_cast<char*>("stderr"));
-      if (f != NULL)
-      {
-          PyFile_WriteString(const_cast<char*>("Exception "), f);
-          if (t) {
-              PyFile_WriteObject(t, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
-              if (v && v != Py_None) {
-                  PyFile_WriteString(const_cast<char*>(": "), f);
-                  PyFile_WriteObject(v, f, 0);
-              }
-          }
-          PyFile_WriteString(const_cast<char*>(" in "), f);
-          PyFile_WriteObject(source, f, 0);
-          PyFile_WriteString(const_cast<char*>(" ignored\n"), f);
-          PyErr_Clear(); /* Just in case */
-      }
-      Py_XDECREF(t);
-      Py_XDECREF(v);
-      Py_XDECREF(tb);
-  }
-
-  //
-  // pickle support courtesy of "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve" <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
-  //
-  PyObject* class_reduce(PyObject* klass)
-  {
-      return PyObject_GetAttrString(klass, const_cast<char*>("__name__"));
-  }
-
-  ref global_class_reduce()
-  {
-      static ref result(detail::new_wrapped_function(class_reduce));
-      return result;
-  }
-  
-
-  tuple instance_reduce(PyObject* obj)
-  {
-      ref instance_class(PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, const_cast<char*>("__class__")));
-
-      ref getinitargs(PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, const_cast<char*>("__getinitargs__")),
-                      ref::null_ok);
-      PyErr_Clear();
-      ref initargs;
-      if (getinitargs.get() != 0)
-      {
-          initargs = ref(PyEval_CallObject(getinitargs.get(), NULL));
-          initargs = ref(PySequence_Tuple(initargs.get()));
-      }
-      else
-      {
-          initargs = ref(PyTuple_New(0));
-      }
-
-      ref getstate(PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, const_cast<char*>("__getstate__")),
-                   ref::null_ok);
-      PyErr_Clear();
-      if (getstate.get() != 0)
-      {
-          ref state = ref(PyEval_CallObject(getstate.get(), NULL));
-          return tuple(instance_class, initargs, state);
-      }
-
-      ref state(PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, const_cast<char*>("__dict__")), ref::null_ok);
-      PyErr_Clear();
-      if (state.get() != 0 && dictionary(state).size() > 0)
-      {
-          return tuple(instance_class, initargs, state);
-      }
-
-      return tuple(instance_class, initargs);
-  }
-
-  ref global_instance_reduce()
-  {
-      static ref result(detail::new_wrapped_function(instance_reduce));
-      return result;
-  }
-}
-
-
-namespace detail {
-
-  class_base::class_base(PyTypeObject* meta_class_obj, string name, tuple bases, const dictionary& name_space)
-      : type_object_base(meta_class_obj),
-        m_name(name),
-        m_bases(bases),
-        m_name_space(name_space)
-  {
-      this->tp_name = const_cast<char*>(name.c_str());
-      enable(type_object_base::getattr);
-      enable(type_object_base::setattr);
-      add_current_module_name(m_name_space);
-      static const boost::python::string docstr("__doc__", boost::python::string::interned);
-      if (PyDict_GetItem(m_name_space.get(), docstr.get())== 0)
-      {
-          PyDict_SetItem(m_name_space.get(), docstr.get(), Py_None);
-      }
-      enable_special_methods(this, bases, name_space);
-  }
-
-  void class_base::add_base(ref base)
-  {
-      tuple new_bases(m_bases.size() + 1);
-      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_bases.size(); ++i)
-          new_bases.set_item(i, m_bases[i]);
-      new_bases.set_item(m_bases.size(), base);
-      m_bases = new_bases;
-  }
-
-  PyObject* class_base::getattr(const char* name)
-  {
-      if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__dict__"))
-      {
-          PyObject* result = m_name_space.get();
-          Py_INCREF(result);
-          return result;
-      }
-      
-      if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__bases__"))
-      {
-          PyObject* result = m_bases.get();
-          Py_INCREF(result);
-          return result;
-      }
-      
-      if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__name__"))
-      {
-          PyObject* result = m_name.get();
-          Py_INCREF(result);
-          return result;
-      }
-
-      // pickle support courtesy of "Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve" <rwgk@cci.lbl.gov>
-      if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__safe_for_unpickling__"))
-      {
-          return PyInt_FromLong(1);
-      }
-      if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__reduce__"))
-      {
-          ref target(as_object(this), ref::increment_count);
-          return new bound_function(target, global_class_reduce());
-      }
-      
-      ref local_attribute = m_name_space.get_item(string(name).reference());
-    
-      if (local_attribute.get())
-          return local_attribute.release();
-
-      // In case there are no bases...
-      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, name);
-
-      // Check bases
-      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_bases.size(); ++i)
-      {
-          if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError))
-              PyErr_Clear(); // we're going to try a base class
-          else if (PyErr_Occurred()) 
-              break; // Other errors count, though!
-        
-          PyObject* base_attribute = PyObject_GetAttrString(m_bases[i].get(), const_cast<char*>(name));
-
-          if (base_attribute != 0)
-          {
-              // Unwind the actual underlying function from unbound Python class
-              // methods in case of multiple inheritance from real Python
-              // classes. Python stubbornly insists that the first argument to a
-              // method must be a true Python instance object otherwise. Do not
-              // unwrap bound methods; that would interfere with intended semantics.
-              if (PyMethod_Check(base_attribute)
-                  && reinterpret_cast<PyMethodObject*>(base_attribute)->im_self == 0)
-              {
-                  PyObject* function
-                      = reinterpret_cast<PyMethodObject*>(base_attribute)->im_func;
-                  Py_INCREF(function);
-                  Py_DECREF(base_attribute);
-                  return function;
-              }
-              else
-              {
-                  return base_attribute;
-              }
-          }
-      }
-      return 0;
-  }
-
-  // Mostly copied wholesale from Python's classobject.c
-  PyObject* class_base::repr() const
-  {
-      PyObject *mod = PyDict_GetItemString(
-          m_name_space.get(), const_cast<char*>("__module__"));
-      unsigned long address = reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(this);
-      string result = (mod == NULL || !PyString_Check(mod))
-                ? string("<extension class %s at %lx>") % tuple(m_name, address)
-                : string("<extension class %s.%s at %lx>") % tuple(ref(mod, ref::increment_count), m_name, address);
-      return result.reference().release();
-  }
-
-
-  int class_base::setattr(const char* name, PyObject* value)
-  {
-      if (is_special_name(name)
-          && BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__doc__") != 0
-          && BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__name__") != 0)
-      {
-          boost::python::string message("Special attribute names other than '__doc__' and '__name__' are read-only, in particular: ");
-          PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_TypeError, (message + name).get());
-          throw error_already_set();
-      }
-      
-      if (PyCallable_Check(value))
-          detail::enable_named_method(this, name);
-      
-      return PyDict_SetItemString(
-          m_name_space.reference().get(), const_cast<char*>(name), value);
-  }
-
-  bool class_base::initialize_instance(instance* obj, PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords)
-  {
-      // Getting the init function off the obj should result in a
-      // bound method.
-      PyObject* const init_function = obj->getattr("__init__", false);
-        
-      if (init_function == 0)
-      {
-          if (PyErr_Occurred() && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
-              PyErr_Clear(); // no __init__? That's legal.
-          }
-          else {
-              return false; // Something else? Keep the error
-          }
-      }
-      else
-      {
-          // Manage the reference to the bound function
-          ref init_function_holder(init_function);
-        
-        // Declare a ref to manage the result of calling __init__ (which should be None).
-          ref init_result(
-              PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(init_function, args, keywords));
-      }
-      return true;
-  }
-
-  void class_base::instance_dealloc(PyObject* obj) const
-  {
-      Py_INCREF(obj); // This allows a __del__ function to revive the obj
-      
-      PyObject* exc_type;
-      PyObject* exc_value;
-      PyObject* exc_traceback;
-      PyErr_Fetch(&exc_type, &exc_value, &exc_traceback);
-
-      // This scope ensures that the reference held by del_function doesn't release
-      // the last reference and delete the object recursively (infinitely).
-      {
-          ref del_function;
-          try {
-              instance* const target = boost::python::downcast<boost::python::instance>(obj);
-              del_function = ref(target->getattr("__del__", false), ref::null_ok);
-          }
-          catch(...) {
-          }
-
-          if (del_function.get() != 0)
-          {
-              ref result(PyEval_CallObject(del_function.get(), (PyObject *)NULL), ref::null_ok);
-              
-              if (result.get() == NULL)
-                  report_ignored_exception(del_function.get());
-          }
-      }
-      PyErr_Restore(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback);
-      
-      if (--obj->ob_refcnt <= 0)
-          delete_instance(obj);
-  }
-
-
-}
-
-instance::instance(PyTypeObject* class_)
-    : boost::python::detail::base_object<PyObject>(class_)
-{
-}
-
-instance::~instance()
-{
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::getattr(const char* name, bool use_special_function)
-{
-    if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__dict__"))
-    {
-        if (PyEval_GetRestricted()) {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                            "instance.__dict__ not accessible in restricted mode");
-				return 0;
-        }
-        Py_INCREF(m_name_space.get());
-        return m_name_space.get();
-    }
-    
-    if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__class__"))
-    {
-        Py_INCREF(this->ob_type);
-        return as_object(this->ob_type);
-    }
-
-    if (!BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__reduce__"))
-    {
-      return new detail::bound_function(ref(this, ref::increment_count), global_instance_reduce());
-    }
-    
-    ref local_attribute = m_name_space.get_item(string(name).reference());
-    
-    if (local_attribute.get())
-        return local_attribute.release();
-
-    // Check its class. 
-    PyObject* function =
-        PyObject_GetAttrString(as_object(this->ob_type), const_cast<char*>(name));
-    
-    if (function == 0 && !use_special_function)
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    ref class_attribute;
-    if (function != 0)
-    {
-        // This will throw if the attribute wasn't found
-        class_attribute = ref(function);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Clear the error while we try special methods method (if any).
-        PyErr_Clear();
-
-        // First we try the special method that comes from concatenating
-        // "__getattr__" and <name> and 2 trailing underscores. This is an
-        // extension to regular Python class functionality.
-        const string specific_getattr_name(detail::getattr_string() + name + "__");
-        PyObject* getattr_method = PyObject_GetAttr(
-            as_object(this->ob_type), specific_getattr_name.get());
-
-        // Use just the first arg to PyEval_CallFunction if found
-        char* arg_format = const_cast<char*>("(O)"); 
-
-        // Try for the regular __getattr__ method if not found
-        if (getattr_method == 0)
-        {
-             PyErr_Clear();
-             getattr_method = PyObject_GetAttrString(
-                as_object(this->ob_type), const_cast<char*>("__getattr__"));
-            
-            // Use both args to PyEval_CallFunction
-            arg_format = const_cast<char*>("(Os)");
-        }
-        
-        // If there is no such method, throw now.
-        if (PyErr_Occurred())
-        {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, name);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        // Take ownership of the method
-        ref owner(getattr_method);
-        
-        // Call it to get the attribute.
-        return PyEval_CallFunction(getattr_method, arg_format, this, name);
-    }
-
-    if (!PyCallable_Check(class_attribute.get()))
-    {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        return class_attribute.release();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return detail::bound_function::create(ref(this, ref::increment_count), class_attribute);
-    }
-}
-
-// instance::setattr_dict
-//
-//  Implements setattr() functionality for the "__dict__" attribute
-//
-int instance::setattr_dict(PyObject* value)
-{
-    if (PyEval_GetRestricted())
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                        "__dict__ not accessible in restricted mode");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (value == 0 || !PyDict_Check(value))
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "__dict__ must be set to a dictionary");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    m_name_space = dictionary(ref(value, ref::increment_count));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// instance::setattr -
-//
-//  Implements the setattr() and delattr() functionality for our own instance
-//  objects, using the standard Python interface: if value == 0, we are deleting
-//  the attribute, and returns 0 unless an error occurred.
-int instance::setattr(const char* name, PyObject* value)
-{
-    if (BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__class__") == 0)
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "__class__ attribute is read-only");
-        throw error_already_set();
-    }
-    
-    if (BOOST_CSTD_::strcmp(name, "__dict__") == 0)
-        return setattr_dict(value);
-    
-    // Try to find an appropriate "specific" setter or getter method, either
-    // __setattr__<name>__(value) or __delattr__<name>__(). This is an extension
-    // to regular Python class functionality.
-    const string& base_name = value ? detail::setattr_string() : detail::delattr_string();
-    const string specific_method_name(base_name + name + "__");
-    
-    ref special_method(
-        PyObject_GetAttr(as_object(this->ob_type), specific_method_name.get()),
-        ref::null_ok);
-
-    PyObject* result_object = 0;
-    if (special_method.get() != 0)
-    {
-        // The specific function was found; call it now. Note that if value is
-        // not included in the format string, it is ignored.
-        char* format_string = const_cast<char*>(value ? "(OO)" : "(O)");
-        result_object = PyEval_CallFunction(special_method.get(), format_string, this, value);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // If not found, try the usual __setattr__(name, value) or
-        // __delattr__(name) functions.
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        special_method.reset(
-            PyObject_GetAttr(as_object(this->ob_type), base_name.get()),
-            ref::null_ok);
-        
-        if (special_method.get() != 0)
-        {
-            // The special function was found; call it now. Note that if value
-            // is not included in the format string, it is ignored.
-            char* format_string = const_cast<char*>(value ? "(OsO)" : "(Os)");
-            result_object = PyEval_CallFunction(
-                special_method.get(), format_string, this, name, value);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // If we found an appropriate special method, handle the return value.
-    if (special_method.get() != 0)
-    {
-        ref manage_result(result_object);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    
-    PyErr_Clear(); // Nothing was found; clear the python error state
-    
-    if (value == 0) // Try to remove the attribute from our name space
-    {
-        const int result = PyDict_DelItemString(m_name_space.reference().get(),
-                                                const_cast<char*>(name));
-        if (result < 0)
-        {
-            PyErr_Clear();
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, "delete non-existing instance attribute");
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    else // Change the specified item in our name space
-    {
-        return PyDict_SetItemString(m_name_space.reference().get(),
-                                    const_cast<char*>(name), value);
-    }
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords)
-{
-    return PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(
-        ref(getattr("__call__")).get(), // take possession of the result from getattr()
-        args, keywords);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::repr()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__repr__");
-}
-
-int instance::compare(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<int>::call_method(this, "__cmp__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::str()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__str__");
-}
-
-long instance::hash()
-{
-    return callback<long>::call_method(this, "__hash__");
-}
-
-int instance::length()
-{
-    return callback<int>::call_method(this, "__len__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::get_subscript(PyObject* key)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__getitem__", key);
-}
-
-void instance::set_subscript(PyObject* key, PyObject* value)
-{
-    if (value == 0)
-        callback<void>::call_method(this, "__delitem__", key);
-    else
-        callback<void>::call_method(this, "__setitem__", key, value);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::get_slice(int start, int finish)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__getslice__", start, finish);
-}
-
-void instance::set_slice(int start, int finish, PyObject* value)
-{
-    if (value == 0)
-        callback<void>::call_method(this, "__delslice__", start, finish);
-    else
-        callback<void>::call_method(this, "__setslice__", start, finish, value);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::add(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__add__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::subtract(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__sub__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::multiply(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__mul__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::divide(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__div__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::remainder(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__mod__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::divmod(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__divmod__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::power(PyObject* exponent, PyObject* modulus)
-{
-    if (as_object(modulus->ob_type) == Py_None)
-        return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__pow__", exponent);
-    else
-        return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__pow__", exponent, modulus);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::negative()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__neg__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::positive()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__pos__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::absolute()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__abs__");
-}
-
-int instance::nonzero()
-{
-    return callback<bool>::call_method(this, "__nonzero__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::invert()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__invert__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::lshift(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__lshift__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::rshift(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__rshift__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::do_and(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__and__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::do_xor(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__xor__", other);
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::do_or(PyObject* other)
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__or__", other);
-}
-
-int instance::coerce(PyObject** x, PyObject** y)
-{
-    assert(this == *x);
-    
-    // Coerce must return a tuple
-    tuple result(callback<tuple>::call_method(this, "__coerce__", *y));
-    
-    *x = result[0].release();
-    *y = result[1].release();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::as_int()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__int__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::as_long()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__long__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::as_float()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__float__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::oct()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__oct__");
-}
-
-PyObject* instance::hex()
-{
-    return callback<PyObject*>::call_method(this, "__hex__");
-}
-
-namespace {
-  struct named_capability
-  {
-      const char* name;
-      detail::type_object_base::capability capability;
-  };
-
-  const named_capability enablers[] =
-  {
-      { "__hash__", detail::type_object_base::hash },
-      { "__cmp__", detail::type_object_base::compare },
-      { "__repr__", detail::type_object_base::repr },
-      { "__str__", detail::type_object_base::str },
-      { "__call__", detail::type_object_base::call },
-      { "__getattr__", detail::type_object_base::getattr },
-      { "__setattr__", detail::type_object_base::setattr },
-      { "__len__", detail::type_object_base::mapping_length },
-      { "__len__", detail::type_object_base::sequence_length },
-      { "__getitem__", detail::type_object_base::mapping_subscript },
-      { "__getitem__", detail::type_object_base::sequence_item },
-      { "__setitem__", detail::type_object_base::mapping_ass_subscript },
-      { "__setitem__", detail::type_object_base::sequence_ass_item },
-      { "__delitem__", detail::type_object_base::mapping_ass_subscript },
-      { "__delitem__", detail::type_object_base::sequence_ass_item },
-      { "__getslice__", detail::type_object_base::sequence_slice },
-      { "__setslice__", detail::type_object_base::sequence_ass_slice },
-      { "__delslice__", detail::type_object_base::sequence_ass_slice },
-      { "__add__", detail::type_object_base::number_add },
-      { "__sub__", detail::type_object_base::number_subtract },
-      { "__mul__", detail::type_object_base::number_multiply },
-      { "__div__", detail::type_object_base::number_divide },
-      { "__mod__", detail::type_object_base::number_remainder },
-      { "__divmod__", detail::type_object_base::number_divmod },
-      { "__pow__", detail::type_object_base::number_power },
-      { "__neg__", detail::type_object_base::number_negative },
-      { "__pos__", detail::type_object_base::number_positive },
-      { "__abs__", detail::type_object_base::number_absolute },
-      { "__nonzero__", detail::type_object_base::number_nonzero },
-      { "__invert__", detail::type_object_base::number_invert },
-      { "__lshift__", detail::type_object_base::number_lshift },
-      { "__rshift__", detail::type_object_base::number_rshift },
-      { "__and__", detail::type_object_base::number_and },
-      { "__xor__", detail::type_object_base::number_xor },
-      { "__or__", detail::type_object_base::number_or },
-      { "__coerce__", detail::type_object_base::number_coerce },
-      { "__int__", detail::type_object_base::number_int },
-      { "__long__", detail::type_object_base::number_long },
-      { "__float__", detail::type_object_base::number_float },
-      { "__oct__", detail::type_object_base::number_oct },
-      { "__hex__", detail::type_object_base::number_hex }
-  };
-
-  bool is_prefix(const char* s1, const char* s2)
-  {
-      while (*s1 != 0 && *s2 != 0 && *s1 == *s2)
-          ++s1, ++s2;
-      return *s1 == 0;
-  }
-
-  bool is_special_name(const char* name)
-  {
-    if (name[0] != '_' || name[1] != '_' || name[2] == 0 || name[3] == 0)
-        return false;
-
-    std::size_t name_length = BOOST_CSTD_::strlen(name);
-    return name[name_length - 1] == '_' && name[name_length - 2] == '_';
-  }
-}
-
-namespace detail {
-  // Enable the special handler for methods of the given name, if any.
-  void enable_named_method(boost::python::detail::class_base* type_obj, const char* name)
-  {
-      const std::size_t num_enablers = sizeof(enablers) / sizeof(enablers[0]);
-
-      // Make sure this ends with "__" since we'll only compare the head of the
-      // string.  This is done to make the __getattr__<name>__/__setattr__<name>__
-      // extension work.
-      if (!is_special_name(name))
-          return;
-
-      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < num_enablers; ++i)
-      {
-          if (is_prefix(enablers[i].name + 2, name + 2))
-          {
-              type_obj->enable(enablers[i].capability);
-          }
-      }
-  }
-}
-
-namespace {
-  // Enable any special methods which are enabled in the base class.
-  void enable_special_methods(boost::python::detail::class_base* derived, const tuple& bases, const dictionary& name_space)
-  {
-      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < bases.size(); ++i)
-      {
-          PyObject* base = bases[i].get();
-
-          for (std::size_t n = 0; n < PY_ARRAY_LENGTH(enablers); ++n)
-          {
-              ref attribute(
-                  PyObject_GetAttrString(base, const_cast<char*>(enablers[n].name)),
-                  ref::null_ok);
-              PyErr_Clear();
-              if (attribute.get() != 0 && PyCallable_Check(attribute.get()))
-                  detail::add_capability(enablers[n].capability, derived);
-          }
-      }
-
-      list keys(name_space.keys());
-      for (std::size_t j = 0, len = keys.size(); j < len; ++j)
-      {
-          string name_obj(keys.get_item(j));
-          const char* name = name_obj.c_str();
-
-          if (!is_special_name(name))
-              continue;
-
-          for (std::size_t i = 0; i < PY_ARRAY_LENGTH(enablers); ++i)
-          {
-              if (is_prefix(enablers[i].name + 2, name + 2))
-              {
-                  detail::add_capability(enablers[i].capability, derived);
-              }
-          }
-      }
-  }
-
-  void add_current_module_name(dictionary& name_space)
-  {
-      static string module_key("__module__", string::interned);
-
-      // If the user didn't specify a __module__ attribute already
-      if (name_space.get_item(module_key).get() == 0)
-      {
-          if (module_builder::initializing())
-          {
-              // The global __name__ is not properly set in this case
-              name_space.set_item(module_key, module_builder::name());
-          }
-          else
-          {
-              // Get the module name from the global __name__
-              PyObject *globals = PyEval_GetGlobals();
-              if (globals != NULL)
-              {
-                  PyObject *module_name = PyDict_GetItemString(globals, "__name__");
-                  if (module_name != NULL)
-                      name_space.set_item(module_key, module_name);
-              }
-          }
-      }
-  }
-}
-
-void adjust_slice_indices(PyObject* obj, int& start, int& finish)
-{
-    int length = callback<int>::call_method(obj, "__len__");
-    
-    // This is standard Python class behavior.
-    if (start < 0)
-        start += length;
-    if (finish < 0)
-        finish += length;
-    
-    // This is not
-    if (start < 0)
-        start = 0;
-    if (finish < 0)
-        finish = 0;
-}
-
-namespace detail {
-const string& setattr_string()
-{
-    static string x("__setattr__", string::interned);
-    return x;
-}
-
-const string& getattr_string()
-{
-    static string x("__getattr__", string::interned);
-    return x;
-}
-
-const string& delattr_string()
-{
-    static string x("__delattr__", string::interned);
-    return x;
-}
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python

src/conversions.cpp

@@ -1,241 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#include <boost/python/conversions.hpp>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <exception>
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
-# include <boost/cast.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-// IMPORTANT: this function may only be called from within a catch block!
-void handle_exception()
-{
-    try {
-        // re-toss the current exception so we can find out what type it is.
-        // NOTE: a heinous bug in MSVC6 causes exception objects re-thrown in
-        // this way to be double-destroyed. Thus, you must only use objects that
-        // can tolerate double-destruction with that compiler. Metrowerks
-        // Codewarrior doesn't suffer from this problem.
-        throw;
-    }
-    catch(const boost::python::error_already_set&)
-    {
-        // The python error reporting has already been handled.
-    }
-    catch(const std::bad_alloc&)
-    {
-        PyErr_NoMemory();
-    }
-    catch(const std::exception& x)
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, x.what());
-    }
-    catch(...)
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "unidentifiable C++ exception");
-    }
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<long>)
-{
-    // Why am I clearing the error here before trying to convert? I know there's a reason...
-    long result;
-    {
-        result = PyInt_AsLong(p);
-        if (PyErr_Occurred())
-            throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-double from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<double>)
-{
-    double result;
-    {
-        result = PyFloat_AsDouble(p);
-        if (PyErr_Occurred())
-            throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-T integer_from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T>)
-{
-    const long long_result = from_python(p, boost::python::type<long>());
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
-    try
-    {
-        return boost::numeric_cast<T>(long_result);
-    }
-    catch(const boost::bad_numeric_cast&)
-#else
-    if (static_cast<T>(long_result) == long_result)
-    {
-        return static_cast<T>(long_result);
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-        const char message[] = "%ld out of range for %s";
-        sprintf(buffer, message, long_result, typeid(T).name());
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, buffer);
-        throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    }
-#if defined(__MWERKS__) && __MWERKS__ <= 0x2400
-    return 0; // Not smart enough to know that the catch clause always rethrows
-#endif
-}
-
-template <class T>
-PyObject* integer_to_python(T value)
-{
-    long value_as_long;
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
-    try
-    {
-        value_as_long = boost::numeric_cast<long>(value);
-    }
-    catch(const boost::bad_numeric_cast&)
-#else
-    value_as_long = static_cast<long>(value);
-    if (value_as_long != value)
-#endif
-    {
-        const char message[] = "value out of range for Python int";
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, message);
-        throw boost::python::error_already_set();
-    }
-    
-    return to_python(value_as_long);
-}
-
-int from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<int> type)
-{
-    return integer_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned int i)
-{
-	return integer_to_python(i);
-}
-
-unsigned int from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned int> type)
-{
-    return integer_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-short from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<short> type)
-{
-    return integer_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-float from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<float>)
-{
-    return static_cast<float>(from_python(p, boost::python::type<double>()));
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned short i)
-{
-	return integer_to_python(i);
-}
-
-unsigned short from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned short> type)
-{
-    return integer_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned char i)
-{
-	return integer_to_python(i);
-}
-
-unsigned char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned char> type)
-{
-    return integer_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(signed char i)
-{
-	return integer_to_python(i);
-}
-
-signed char from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<signed char> type)
-{
-    return integer_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(unsigned long x)
-{
-    return integer_to_python(x);
-}
-
-unsigned long from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<unsigned long> type)
-{
-    return integer_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-void from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<void>)
-{
-    if (p != Py_None) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected argument of type None");
-        throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    }
-}
-
-const char* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const char*>)
-{
-    const char* s = PyString_AsString(p);
-    if (!s)
-        throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    return s;
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(const std::string& s)
-{
-	return PyString_FromString(s.c_str());
-}
-
-std::string from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::string>)
-{
-    return std::string(from_python(p, boost::python::type<const char*>()));
-}
-
-bool from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<bool>)
-{
-    int value = from_python(p, boost::python::type<int>());
-    if (value == 0)
-        return false;
-    return true;
-}
-
-#ifdef BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
-// An optimizer bug prevents these from being inlined.
-PyObject* to_python(double d)
-{
-    return PyFloat_FromDouble(d);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(float f)
-{
-    return PyFloat_FromDouble(f);
-}
-#endif // BOOST_MSVC6_OR_EARLIER
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-

src/extension_class.cpp

@@ -1,678 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#include <boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <boost/utility.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-namespace detail {
-
-  struct operator_dispatcher
-      : public PyObject
-  {
-      static PyTypeObject type_obj;
-      static PyNumberMethods number_methods;
-
-      static operator_dispatcher* create(const ref& o, const ref& s);     
-      
-      ref m_object;
-      ref m_self;
-
-      // data members for allocation/deallocation optimization
-      operator_dispatcher* m_free_list_link;
-      static operator_dispatcher* free_list;
-
-  private: 
-      // only accessible through create()
-      operator_dispatcher(const ref& o, const ref& s);
-  };
-  
-  operator_dispatcher* operator_dispatcher::free_list = 0;
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-inline PyObject* to_python(boost::python::detail::operator_dispatcher* n) { return n; }
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { 
-
-tuple standard_coerce(ref l, ref r)
-{
-    // Introduced sequence points for exception-safety.
-    ref first(detail::operator_dispatcher::create(l, l));
-    
-    ref second(r->ob_type == &detail::operator_dispatcher::type_obj
-               ? r
-               : ref(detail::operator_dispatcher::create(r, ref())));
-
-    return tuple(first, second);
-}
-
-namespace detail {
-
-  enum { unwrap_exception_code = -1000 };
-
-  int unwrap_args(PyObject* left, PyObject* right, PyObject*& self, PyObject*& other)
-  {
-      if (left->ob_type != &operator_dispatcher::type_obj ||
-          right->ob_type != &operator_dispatcher::type_obj)
-      {
-          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "operator_dispatcher::unwrap_args(): expecting operator_dispatcher arguments only!");
-          return unwrap_exception_code;
-      }
-
-      typedef reference<operator_dispatcher> DPtr;
-      DPtr lwrapper(static_cast<operator_dispatcher*>(left), DPtr::increment_count);
-      DPtr rwrapper(static_cast<operator_dispatcher*>(right), DPtr::increment_count);
-      
-      if (lwrapper->m_self.get() != 0)
-      {
-          self = lwrapper->m_self.get();
-          other = rwrapper->m_object.get();
-          return 0;
-      }
-      else
-      {
-          self = rwrapper->m_self.get();
-          other = lwrapper->m_object.get();
-          return 1;
-      }
-  }
-
-  int unwrap_pow_args(PyObject* left, PyObject* right, PyObject* m,
-                                  PyObject*& self, PyObject*& first, PyObject*& second)
-  {
-      if (left->ob_type != &operator_dispatcher::type_obj ||
-          right->ob_type != &operator_dispatcher::type_obj ||
-          m->ob_type != &operator_dispatcher::type_obj)
-      {
-          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "operator_dispatcher::unwrap_pow_args(): expecting operator_dispatcher arguments only!");
-          return unwrap_exception_code;
-      }
-      
-      typedef reference<operator_dispatcher> DPtr;
-      DPtr lwrapper(static_cast<operator_dispatcher*>(left), DPtr::increment_count);
-      DPtr rwrapper(static_cast<operator_dispatcher*>(right), DPtr::increment_count);
-      DPtr mwrapper(static_cast<operator_dispatcher*>(m), DPtr::increment_count);
-      
-      if (lwrapper->m_self.get() != 0)
-      {
-          self = lwrapper->m_self.get();
-          first = rwrapper->m_object.get();
-          second = mwrapper->m_object.get();
-          return 0;
-      }
-      else if (rwrapper->m_self.get() != 0)
-      {
-          self = rwrapper->m_self.get();
-          first = lwrapper->m_object.get();
-          second = mwrapper->m_object.get();
-          return 1;
-      }
-      else
-      {
-          self = mwrapper->m_self.get();
-          first = lwrapper->m_object.get();
-          second = rwrapper->m_object.get();
-          return 2;
-      }
-  }
-
-extension_instance* get_extension_instance(PyObject* p)
-{
-    // The object's type will just be some class_t<extension_instance> object,
-    // but if its meta-type is right, then it is an extension_instance.
-    if (p->ob_type->ob_type != extension_meta_class())
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, p->ob_type->tp_name);
-        throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    }
-    return static_cast<extension_instance*>(p);
-}
-
-void
-extension_instance::add_implementation(std::auto_ptr<instance_holder_base> holder)
-{
-    for (held_objects::const_iterator p = m_wrapped_objects.begin();
-         p != m_wrapped_objects.end(); ++p)
-    {
-        if (typeid(*holder) == typeid(**p))
-        {
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Base class already initialized");
-            throw error_already_set();
-        }
-    }
-    m_wrapped_objects.push_back(holder.release());
-}
-
-extension_instance::extension_instance(PyTypeObject* class_)
-    : instance(class_)
-{
-}
-
-extension_instance::~extension_instance()
-{
-    for (held_objects::const_iterator p = m_wrapped_objects.begin(),
-             finish = m_wrapped_objects.end();
-         p != finish; ++p)
-    {
-        delete *p;
-    }
-}
-    
-meta_class<extension_instance>* extension_meta_class()
-{
-    static meta_class<extension_instance> result;
-    return &result;
-}
-
-typedef class_t<extension_instance> extension_class_t;
-
-bool is_subclass(const extension_class_t* derived,
-                 const PyObject* possible_base)
-{
-
-    tuple bases = derived->bases();
-    
-    for (std::size_t i = 0, size = bases.size(); i < size; ++i)
-    {
-        const PyObject* base = bases[i].get();
-        
-        if (base == possible_base)
-            return true;
-        
-        if (base->ob_type == extension_meta_class())
-        {
-            const extension_class_t* base_class = downcast<const extension_class_t>(base);
-            if (is_subclass(base_class, possible_base))
-                return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-// Return true iff obj is an obj of target_class
-bool is_instance(extension_instance* obj,
-                 class_t<extension_instance>* target_class)
-{
-    if (obj->ob_type == target_class)
-        return true;
-    else
-    {
-        return is_subclass(
-            downcast<class_t<extension_instance> >(obj->ob_type).get(),
-            as_object(target_class));
-    }
-}
-
-void two_string_error(PyObject* exception_object, const char* format, const char* s1, const char* s2)
-{
-    char buffer[256];
-    std::size_t format_length = BOOST_CSTD_::strlen(format);
-    std::size_t length1 = BOOST_CSTD_::strlen(s1);
-    std::size_t length2 = BOOST_CSTD_::strlen(s2);
-
-    std::size_t additional_length = length1 + length2;
-    if (additional_length + format_length > format_length - 1)
-    {
-        std::size_t difference = sizeof(buffer) - 1 - additional_length;
-        length1 -= difference / 2;
-        additional_length -= difference / 2;
-    }
-        
-    sprintf(buffer, format, length1, s1, length2, s2);
-                
-    PyErr_SetString(exception_object, buffer);
-    if (exception_object == PyExc_TypeError)
-        throw argument_error();
-    else
-        throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-// This is called when an attempt has been made to convert the given obj to
-// a C++ type for which it doesn't have any obj data. In that case, either
-// the obj was not derived from the target_class, or the appropriate
-// __init__ function wasn't called to initialize the obj data of the target class.
-void report_missing_instance_data(
-    extension_instance* obj,                // The object being converted
-    class_t<extension_instance>* target_class,     // the extension class of the C++ type
-    const std::type_info& target_typeid,        // The typeid of the C++ type
-    bool target_is_ptr)
-{
-    char buffer[256];
-    if (is_instance(obj, target_class))
-    {
-        if (target_is_ptr)
-        {
-            two_string_error(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                             "Object of extension class '%.*s' does not wrap <%.*s>.",
-                             obj->ob_type->tp_name, target_typeid.name());
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            const char message[] = "__init__ function for extension class '%.*s' was never called.";
-            sprintf(buffer, message, sizeof(buffer) - sizeof(message) - 1,
-                    target_class->tp_name);
-        }
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, buffer);
-    }
-    else if (target_class == 0)
-    {
-        const char message[] = "Cannot convert to <%.*s>; its Python class was never created or has been deleted.";
-        sprintf(buffer, message, sizeof(buffer) - sizeof(message) - 1, target_typeid.name());
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, buffer);
-    }
-    else    
-    {
-        two_string_error(PyExc_TypeError, "extension class '%.*s' is not convertible into '%.*s'.",
-                         obj->ob_type->tp_name, target_class->tp_name);
-    }
-}
-
-void report_missing_instance_data(
-    extension_instance* obj,                // The object being converted
-    class_t<extension_instance>* target_class,     // the extension class of the C++ type
-    const std::type_info& target_typeid)        // The typeid of the C++ type
-{
-    report_missing_instance_data(obj, target_class, target_typeid, false);
-}
-
-void report_missing_ptr_data(
-    extension_instance* obj,                // The object being converted
-    class_t<extension_instance>* target_class,     // the extension class of the C++ type
-    const std::type_info& target_typeid)        // The typeid of the C++ type
-{
-    report_missing_instance_data(obj, target_class, target_typeid, true);
-}
-
-void report_missing_class_object(const std::type_info& info)
-{
-    char buffer[256];
-    const char message[] = "Cannot convert <%.*s> to python; its Python class was never created or has been deleted.";
-    sprintf(buffer, message, sizeof(buffer) - sizeof(message) - 1, info.name());
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, buffer);
-    throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-void report_released_smart_pointer(const std::type_info& info)
-{
-    char buffer[256];
-    const char message[] = "Converting from python, pointer or smart pointer to <%.*s> is NULL.";
-    sprintf(buffer, message, sizeof(buffer) - sizeof(message) - 1, info.name());
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, buffer);
-    throw argument_error();
-}
-
-read_only_setattr_function::read_only_setattr_function(const char* name)
-    : m_name(name)
-{
-}
-
-PyObject* read_only_setattr_function::do_call(PyObject* /*args*/, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-{
-    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, ("'" + m_name + "' attribute is read-only").get());
-    return 0;
-}
-
-const char* read_only_setattr_function::description() const
-{
-    return "uncallable";
-}
-
-extension_class_base::extension_class_base(const char* name)
-    : class_t<extension_instance>(
-        extension_meta_class(), string(name), tuple(), dictionary())
-{
-}
-
-//  This function is used in from_python() to convert wrapped classes that are 
-//  related by inheritance. The problem is this: although C++ provides all necessary 
-//  conversion operators, source and target of a conversion must be known at compile
-//  time. However, in Python we want to convert classes at runtime. The solution is to
-//  generate conversion functions at compile time, register them within the appropriate 
-//  class objects and call them when a particular runtime conversion is required.
-
-//  If functions for any possible conversion have to be stored, their number will grow 
-//  qudratically. To reduce this number, we actually store only conversion functions
-//  between adjacent levels in the inheritance tree. By traversing the tree recursively,
-//  we can build any allowed conversion as a concatenation of simple conversions. This
-//  traversal is done in the functions try_base_class_conversions() and 
-//  try_derived_class_conversions(). If a particular conversion is impossible, all
-//  conversion functions will return a NULL pointer.
-
-//  The function extract_object_from_holder() attempts to actually extract the pointer 
-//  to the contained object from an instance_holder_base (a wrapper class). A conversion
-//  of the held object to 'T *' is allowed when the conversion 
-//  'dynamic_cast<instance_holder<T> *>(an_instance_holder_base)' succeeds.
-void* extension_class_base::try_class_conversions(instance_holder_base* object) const
-{
-    void* result = try_derived_class_conversions(object);
-    if (result) 
-        return result;
-        
-    if (!object->held_by_value())
-        return try_base_class_conversions(object);
-    else
-        return 0;
-}
-
-void* extension_class_base::try_base_class_conversions(instance_holder_base* object) const
-{
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < base_classes().size(); ++i)
-    {
-        if (base_classes()[i].convert == 0) 
-            continue;
-        void* result1 = base_classes()[i].class_object->extract_object_from_holder(object);
-        if (result1)
-            return (*base_classes()[i].convert)(result1);
-        
-        void* result2 = base_classes()[i].class_object->try_base_class_conversions(object);
-        if (result2)
-            return (*base_classes()[i].convert)(result2);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void* extension_class_base::try_derived_class_conversions(instance_holder_base* object) const
-{
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < derived_classes().size(); ++i)
-    {
-        void* result1 = derived_classes()[i].class_object->extract_object_from_holder(object);
-        if (result1) 
-            return (*derived_classes()[i].convert)(result1);
-        
-        void* result2 = derived_classes()[i].class_object->try_derived_class_conversions(object);
-        if (result2) 
-            return (*derived_classes()[i].convert)(result2);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void extension_class_base::add_method(function* method, const char* name)
-{
-    add_method(reference<function>(method), name);
-}
-    
-void extension_class_base::add_method(reference<function> method, const char* name)
-{
-    // Add the attribute to the computed target
-    function::add_to_namespace(method, name, this->dict().get());
-
-    // If it is a special member function it should be enabled both here and there.
-    detail::enable_named_method(this, name);
-}
-
-void extension_class_base::add_constructor_object(function* init_fn)
-{
-    add_method(init_fn, "__init__");
-}
-
-void extension_class_base::add_setter_method(function* setter_, const char* name)
-{
-    reference<function> setter(setter_);
-    add_method(setter, (detail::setattr_string() + name + "__").c_str());
-}
-
-void extension_class_base::add_getter_method(function* getter_, const char* name)
-{
-    reference<function> getter(getter_);
-    add_method(getter, (detail::getattr_string() + name + "__").c_str());
-}
-
-void extension_class_base::set_attribute(const char* name, PyObject* x_)
-{
-    ref x(x_);
-    set_attribute(name, x);
-}
-
-void extension_class_base::set_attribute(const char* name, ref x)
-{
-    dict().set_item(string(name), x);
-    if (PyCallable_Check(x.get()))
-        detail::enable_named_method(this, name);
-}
-
-operator_dispatcher::operator_dispatcher(const ref& o, const ref& s)
-    : m_object(o), m_self(s), m_free_list_link(0)
-
-{
-    ob_refcnt = 1;
-    ob_type = &type_obj;
-}
-
-operator_dispatcher* 
-operator_dispatcher::create(const ref& object, const ref& self)
-{
-    operator_dispatcher* const result = free_list;
-    if (result == 0)
-        return new operator_dispatcher(object, self);
-    
-    free_list = result->m_free_list_link;
-    result->m_object = object;
-    result->m_self = self;
-    Py_INCREF(result);
-    return result;
-}
-
-extern "C"
-{
-
-void operator_dispatcher_dealloc(PyObject* self) 
-{ 
-    operator_dispatcher* obj = static_cast<operator_dispatcher*>(self);
-    obj->m_free_list_link = operator_dispatcher::free_list;
-    operator_dispatcher::free_list = obj;
-    obj->m_object.reset();
-    obj->m_self.reset();
-} 
-
-int operator_dispatcher_coerce(PyObject** l, PyObject** r)
-{
-    Py_INCREF(*l);
-    try
-    {
-        *r = operator_dispatcher::create(ref(*r, ref::increment_count), ref());
-    }
-    catch(...)
-    {
-        handle_exception();
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-#define PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(id, symbol) \
-    PyObject* operator_dispatcher_call_##id(PyObject* left, PyObject* right)                   \
-    {                                                                                           \
-        /* unwrap the arguments from their OperatorDispatcher */                                \
-        PyObject* self;                                                                         \
-        PyObject* other;                                                                        \
-        int reverse = unwrap_args(left, right, self, other);                                    \
-        if (reverse == unwrap_exception_code)                                                   \
-            return 0;                                                                           \
-                                                                                                \
-        /* call the function */                                                                 \
-        PyObject* result =                                                                      \
-           PyEval_CallMethod(self,                                                              \
-                             const_cast<char*>(reverse ? "__r" #id "__" : "__" #id "__"),       \
-                             const_cast<char*>("(O)"),                                          \
-                             other);                                                            \
-        if (result == 0 && PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), PyExc_AttributeError)) \
-        {                                                                                       \
-            PyErr_Clear();                                                                      \
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bad operand type(s) for " #symbol);               \
-        }                                                                                       \
-        return result;                                                                          \
-    }
-
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(add, +)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(sub, -)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(mul, *)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(div, /)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(mod, %)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(divmod, divmod)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(lshift, <<)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(rshift, >>)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(and, &)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(xor, ^)
-PY_DEFINE_OPERATOR(or, |)
-
-/* coercion rules for heterogeneous pow():
-    pow(Foo, int): left, right coerced; m: None => reverse = 0
-    pow(int, Foo): left, right coerced; m: None => reverse = 1
-    pow(Foo, int, int): left, right, m coerced => reverse = 0
-    pow(int, Foo, int): left, right, m coerced => reverse = 1
-    pow(int, int, Foo): left, right, m coerced => reverse = 2
-    pow(Foo, Foo, int): left, right coerced; m coerced twice => reverse = 0
-    pow(Foo, int, Foo): left, right, m coerced => reverse = 0
-    pow(int, Foo, Foo): left, right, m coerced => reverse = 1 
-*/
-PyObject* operator_dispatcher_call_pow(PyObject* left, PyObject* right, PyObject* m)
-{
-    int reverse;
-    PyObject* self;
-    PyObject* first;
-    PyObject* second;
-    
-    if (m->ob_type == Py_None->ob_type)
-    {
-        reverse = unwrap_args(left, right, self, first);
-        second = m; 
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        reverse = unwrap_pow_args(left, right, m, self, first, second);
-    }
-    
-    if (reverse == unwrap_exception_code) 
-        return 0;                         
-                                              
-    // call the function
-    PyObject* result = 
-        PyEval_CallMethod(self,
-                          const_cast<char*>((reverse == 0)
-                                            ? "__pow__"
-                                            : (reverse == 1)
-                                              ? "__rpow__"
-                                              : "__rrpow__"),
-                          const_cast<char*>("(OO)"),
-                          first, second);
-    if (result == 0 && 
-        (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), PyExc_TypeError) ||
-         PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), PyExc_AttributeError)))
-    {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bad operand type(s) for pow()");
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-int operator_dispatcher_call_cmp(PyObject* left, PyObject* right)
-{
-    // unwrap the arguments from their OperatorDispatcher
-    PyObject* self;
-    PyObject* other;
-    int reverse =  unwrap_args(left, right, self, other);
-    if (reverse == unwrap_exception_code)
-        return -1;
-    
-    // call the function
-    PyObject* result = 
-        PyEval_CallMethod(self,
-                          const_cast<char*>(reverse ? "__rcmp__" : "__cmp__"),
-                          const_cast<char*>("(O)"),
-                          other);
-    if (result == 0)
-    {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "bad operand type(s) for cmp() or <");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            return BOOST_PYTHON_CONVERSION::from_python(result, type<int>());
-        }
-        catch(...)
-        {
-            PyErr_Clear();
-            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "cmp() didn't return int");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-} // extern "C"
-    
-PyTypeObject operator_dispatcher::type_obj = 
-{ 
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type) 
-    0, 
-    const_cast<char*>("operator_dispatcher"), 
-    sizeof(operator_dispatcher), 
-    0, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_dealloc, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_cmp, 
-    0, 
-    &operator_dispatcher::number_methods, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0,
-    0,
-    0,
-    0,
-    0
-}; 
-
-PyNumberMethods operator_dispatcher::number_methods = 
-{ 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_add, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_sub, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_mul, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_div, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_mod, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_divmod, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_pow, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_lshift, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_rshift, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_and, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_xor, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_call_or, 
-    &operator_dispatcher_coerce,  
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0, 
-    0 
-}; 
-
-} // namespace detail
-
-}} // namespace boost::python

src/functions.cpp

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/detail/types.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/detail/singleton.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/errors.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
-
-struct function::type_object :
-        singleton<function::type_object, callable<boost::python::detail::type_object<function> > >
-{
-    type_object() : singleton_base(&PyType_Type) {}
-};
-
-
-void function::add_to_namespace(reference<function> new_function, const char* name, PyObject* dict)
-{
-    dictionary d(ref(dict, ref::increment_count));
-    string key(name);
-    
-    ref existing_object = d.get_item(key.reference());
-    if (existing_object.get() == 0)
-    {
-        d[key] = ref(new_function.get(), ref::increment_count);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (existing_object->ob_type == type_object::instance())
-        {
-            function* f = static_cast<function*>(existing_object.get());
-            while (f->m_overloads.get() != 0)
-                f = f->m_overloads.get();
-            f->m_overloads = new_function;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                            (string("Attempt to overload ") + name
-                             + " failed. The existing attribute has type "
-                             + existing_object->ob_type->tp_name).get());
-            throw error_already_set();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-function::function()
-    : python_object(type_object::instance())
-{
-}
-
-PyObject* function::call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const
-{
-    for (const function* f = this; f != 0; f = f->m_overloads.get())
-    {
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        try
-        {
-            PyObject* const result = f->do_call(args, keywords);
-            if (result != 0)
-                return result;
-        }
-        catch(const argument_error&)
-        {
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (m_overloads.get() == 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    PyErr_Clear();
-    string message("No overloaded functions match (");
-    tuple arguments(ref(args, ref::increment_count));
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arguments.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        if (i != 0)
-            message += ", ";
-        message += arguments[i]->ob_type->tp_name;
-    }
-
-    message += "). Candidates are:\n";
-    for (const function* f1 = this; f1 != 0; f1 = f1->m_overloads.get())
-    {
-        if (f1 != this)
-            message += "\n";
-        message += f1->description();
-    }
-
-    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_TypeError, message.get());
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bound_function* bound_function::create(const ref& target, const ref& fn)
-{
-    bound_function* const result = free_list;
-    if (result == 0)
-        return new bound_function(target, fn);
-    
-    free_list = result->m_free_list_link;
-    result->m_target = target;
-    result->m_unbound_function = fn;
-    Py_INCREF(result);
-    return result;
-}
-
-// The instance class whose obj represents the type of bound_function
-// objects in Python. bound_functions must be GetAttrable so the __doc__
-// attribute of built-in Python functions can be accessed when bound.
-struct bound_function::type_object :
-    singleton<bound_function::type_object,
-              getattrable<callable<boost::python::detail::type_object<bound_function> > > >
-{
-    type_object() : singleton_base(&PyType_Type) {}
-    
-private: // type_object<bound_function> hook override
-    void dealloc(bound_function*) const;
-};
-
-bound_function::bound_function(const ref& target, const ref& fn)
-    : python_object(type_object::instance()),
-      m_target(target),
-      m_unbound_function(fn),
-      m_free_list_link(0)
-{
-}
-
-PyObject*
-bound_function::call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const
-{
-    // Build a new tuple which prepends the target to the arguments
-    tuple tail_arguments(ref(args, ref::increment_count));
-    ref all_arguments(PyTuple_New(tail_arguments.size() + 1));
-
-    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(all_arguments.get(), 0, m_target.get());
-    Py_INCREF(m_target.get());
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < tail_arguments.size(); ++i)
-    {
-        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(all_arguments.get(), i + 1, tail_arguments[i].get());
-        Py_INCREF(tail_arguments[i].get());
-    }
-
-    return PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(m_unbound_function.get(), all_arguments.get(), keywords);
-}
-
-PyObject* bound_function::getattr(const char* name) const
-{
-    return PyObject_GetAttrString(m_unbound_function.get(), const_cast<char*>(name));
-}
-
-void bound_function::type_object::dealloc(bound_function* obj) const
-{
-    obj->m_free_list_link = free_list;
-    free_list = obj;
-    obj->m_target.reset();
-    obj->m_unbound_function.reset();
-}
-
-bound_function* bound_function::free_list;
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail

src/gen_all.py

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-from gen_callback import *
-from gen_caller import *
-from gen_init_function import *
-from gen_signatures import *
-from gen_singleton import *
-from gen_extclass import *
-
-def gen_all(args):
-    open('callback.h', 'w').write(gen_callback(args))
-    open('caller.h', 'w').write(gen_caller(args))
-    open('init_function.h', 'w').write(gen_init_function(args))
-    open('signatures.h', 'w').write(gen_signatures(args))
-    open('instance.h', 'w').write(gen_singleton(args))
-    open('extclass.h', 'w').write(gen_extclass(args))
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        args = 10
-    else:
-        args = int(sys.argv[1])
-
-    print gen_all(args)
-
-    

src/gen_callback.py

@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-from gen_function import *
-import string
-
-def gen_callback(args):
-    return (
-"""//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file was generated for %d-argument python callbacks by gen_callback.python
-
-#ifndef CALLBACK_DWA_052100_H_
-# define CALLBACK_DWA_052100_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/conversions.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-  template <class T>
-  inline void callback_adjust_refcount(PyObject*, type<T>) {}
-  
-  inline void callback_adjust_refcount(PyObject* p, type<PyObject*>)
-      { Py_INCREF(p); }
-}
-
-// Calling Python from C++
-template <class R>
-struct callback
-{""" % args
-
-    + gen_functions('''
-%{    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-%}    static R call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name%(, const A%n& a%n%))
-    {%(
-        ref p%n(to_python(a%n));%)
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(%(O%))")%(,
-                                     p%n.get()%)));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-
-%{    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-%}    static R call(PyObject* self%(, const A%n& a%n%))
-    {%(
-        ref p%n(to_python(a%n));%)
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(%(O%))")%(,
-                                       p%n.get()%)));
-        detail::callback_adjust_refcount(result.get(), type<R>());
-        return from_python(result.get(), type<R>());
-    }
-''', args)
-        + 
-"""};
-
-// This specialization wouldn't be needed, but MSVC6 doesn't correctly allow the following:
-// void g();
-// void f() { return g(); }
-template <>
-struct callback<void>
-{
-"""
-        + gen_functions('''
-%{    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-%}    static void call_method(PyObject* self, const char* name%(, const A%n& a%n%))
-    {%(
-        ref p%n(to_python(a%n));%)
-        ref result(PyEval_CallMethod(self, const_cast<char*>(name),
-                                     const_cast<char*>("(%(O%))")%(,
-                                     p%n.get()%)));
-    }
-
-%{    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-%}    static void call(PyObject* self%(, const A%n& a%n%))
-    {%(
-        ref p%n(to_python(a%n));%)
-        ref result(PyEval_CallFunction(self, const_cast<char*>("(%(O%))")%(,
-                                       p%n.get()%)));
-    }
-''', args)
-        +
-"""};
-
-// Make it a compile-time error to try to return a const char* from a virtual
-// function. The standard conversion
-//
-//      from_python(PyObject* string, boost::python::type<const char*>)
-//
-// returns a pointer to the character array which is internal to string. The
-// problem with trying to do this in a standard callback function is that the
-// Python string would likely be destroyed upon return from the calling function
-// (boost::python::callback<const char*>::call[_method]) when its reference count is
-// decremented. If you absolutely need to do this and you're sure it's safe (it
-// usually isn't), you can use
-//
-//      boost::python::string result(boost::python::callback<boost::python::string>::call[_method](...args...));
-//      ...result.c_str()... // access the char* array
-template <>
-struct callback<const char*>
-{
-    // Try hard to generate a readable error message
-    typedef struct unsafe_since_python_string_may_be_destroyed {} call, call_method;
-};
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif // CALLBACK_DWA_052100_H_
-""")
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        args = 5
-    else:
-        args = int(sys.argv[1])
-
-    print gen_callback(args)

src/gen_caller.py

@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-#  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-#  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-#  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-#  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-#
-#  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-#  producing this work.
-
-from gen_function import *
-import string
-
-header = '''//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file generated for %d-argument member functions and %d-argument free
-//  functions by gen_caller.python
-'''
-
-body_sections = (
-'''
-#ifndef CALLER_DWA05090_H_
-# define CALLER_DWA05090_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp>
-# include <boost/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/none.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-// Calling C++ from Python
-template <class R>
-struct caller
-{
-''',
-'''
-''',
-'''    // Free functions
-''',
-'''};
-                           
-template <>
-struct caller<void>
-{
-''',
-'''
-''',
-'''
-    // Free functions
-''',
-'''};
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-#endif
-''')
-
-#'
-
-member_function = '''    template <class T%(, class A%n%)>
-    static PyObject* call(%1 (T::*pmf)(%(A%n%:, %))%2, PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */ ) {
-        PyObject* self;
-%(        PyObject* a%n;
-%)        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("O%(O%)"), &self%(, &a%n%)))
-            return 0;
-        T& target = from_python(self, type<T&>());
-        %3(target.*pmf)(%(from_python(a%n, type<A%n>())%:,
-                        %))%4
-    }
-
-'''
-
-free_function = '''%{    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-%}    static PyObject* call(%1 (*f)(%(A%n%:, %)), PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */ ) {
-%(        PyObject* a%n;
-%)        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("%(O%)")%(, &a%n%)))
-            return 0;
-        %2f(%(from_python(a%n, type<A%n>())%:,
-                        %))%3
-    }
-
-'''
-
-def gen_caller(member_function_args, free_function_args = None):
-    if free_function_args is None:
-        free_function_args = member_function_args + 1
-
-    return_none = ''';
-        return detail::none();'''
-    
-    return (header % (member_function_args, free_function_args)
-            + body_sections[0]
-            + gen_functions(member_function, member_function_args,
-                            'R', '', 'return to_python(', ');')
-            + body_sections[1]
-            + gen_functions(member_function, member_function_args,
-                            'R', ' const', 'return to_python(', ');')
-            + body_sections[2]
-            
-            + gen_functions(free_function, free_function_args,
-                            'R', 'return to_python(', ');')
-            + body_sections[3]
-
-            # specialized part for void return values begins here
-            + gen_functions(member_function, member_function_args,
-                            'void', '', '', return_none)
-            + body_sections[4]
-            + gen_functions(member_function, member_function_args,
-                            'void', ' const', '', return_none)
-            + body_sections[5]
-
-            + gen_functions(free_function, free_function_args,
-                            'void', '', return_none)
-            + body_sections[6]
-            )
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        member_function_args = 5
-        free_function_args = 6
-    else:
-        member_function_args = int(sys.argv[1])
-        if len(sys.argv) > 2:
-            free_function_args = int(sys.argv[2])
-        else:
-            free_function_args = member_function_args
-
-    print gen_caller(member_function_args, free_function_args)
-
-

src/gen_extclass.py

@@ -1,828 +0,0 @@
-from gen_function import *
-import string
-
-def gen_extclass(args):
-    return (
-"""//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file automatically generated for %d-argument constructors by
-//  gen_extclass.python
-
-#ifndef EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
-# define EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/classes.hpp>
-# include <vector>
-# include <boost/python/detail/none.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-# include <memory>
-# include <boost/python/detail/init_function.hpp>
-# include <typeinfo>
-# include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-// forward declarations
-template <long which, class operand> struct operators;
-template <class T> struct left_operand;
-template <class T> struct right_operand;
-
-enum without_downcast_t { without_downcast };
-
-namespace detail {
-
-// forward declarations
-class extension_instance;
-class extension_class_base;
-template <class T> class instance_holder;
-template <class T, class U> class instance_value_holder;
-template <class ref, class T> class instance_ptr_holder;
-template <class Specified> struct operand_select;
-  template <long> struct choose_op;
-  template <long> struct choose_rop;
-  template <long> struct choose_unary_op;
-  template <long> struct define_operator;
-
-meta_class<extension_instance>* extension_meta_class();
-extension_instance* get_extension_instance(PyObject* p);
-void report_missing_instance_data(extension_instance*, class_t<extension_instance>*, const std::type_info&);
-void report_missing_ptr_data(extension_instance*, class_t<extension_instance>*, const std::type_info&);
-void report_missing_class_object(const std::type_info&);
-void report_released_smart_pointer(const std::type_info&);
-    
-template <class T>
-T* check_non_null(T* p)
-{
-    if (p == 0)
-        report_released_smart_pointer(typeid(T));
-    return p;
-}
-
-template <class T> class held_instance;
-
-typedef void* (*conversion_function_ptr)(void*);
-
-struct base_class_info
-{
-    base_class_info(extension_class_base* t, conversion_function_ptr f)
-        :class_object(t), convert(f)
-        {}
-    
-    extension_class_base* class_object;
-    conversion_function_ptr convert;
-};
-
-typedef base_class_info derived_class_info;
-
-struct add_operator_base;
-
-class extension_class_base : public class_t<extension_instance>
-{
- public:
-    extension_class_base(const char* name);
-    
- public:
-    // the purpose of try_class_conversions() and its related functions 
-    // is explained in extclass.cpp
-    void* try_class_conversions(instance_holder_base*) const;
-    void* try_base_class_conversions(instance_holder_base*) const;
-    void* try_derived_class_conversions(instance_holder_base*) const;
-
-    void set_attribute(const char* name, PyObject* x);
-    void set_attribute(const char* name, ref x);
-    
- private:
-    virtual void* extract_object_from_holder(instance_holder_base* v) const = 0;
-    virtual std::vector<base_class_info> const& base_classes() const = 0;
-    virtual std::vector<derived_class_info> const& derived_classes() const = 0;
-
- protected:
-    friend struct add_operator_base;
-    void add_method(reference<function> method, const char* name);
-    void add_method(function* method, const char* name);
-    
-    void add_constructor_object(function*);
-    void add_setter_method(function*, const char* name);
-    void add_getter_method(function*, const char* name);
-};
-
-template <class T>
-class class_registry
-{
- public:
-    static extension_class_base* class_object()
-        { return static_class_object; }
-
-    // Register/unregister the Python class object corresponding to T
-    static void register_class(extension_class_base*);
-    static void unregister_class(extension_class_base*);
-
-    // Establish C++ inheritance relationships
-    static void register_base_class(base_class_info const&);
-    static void register_derived_class(derived_class_info const&);
-
-    // Query the C++ inheritance relationships
-    static std::vector<base_class_info> const& base_classes();
-    static std::vector<derived_class_info> const& derived_classes();
- private:
-    static extension_class_base* static_class_object;
-    static std::vector<base_class_info> static_base_class_info;
-    static std::vector<derived_class_info> static_derived_class_info;
-};
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-// This class' only job is to define from_python and to_python converters for T
-// and U. T is the class the user really intends to wrap. U is a class derived
-// from T with some virtual function overriding boilerplate, or if there are no
-// virtual functions, U = held_instance<T>.
-template <class T, class U = boost::python::detail::held_instance<T> >
-class python_extension_class_converters
-{
- public:
-    // Get an object which can be used to convert T to/from python. This is used
-    // as a kind of concept check by the global template
-    //
-    //     PyObject* to_python(const T& x)
-    //
-    // below this class, to prevent the confusing messages that would otherwise
-    // pop up. Now, if T hasn't been wrapped as an extension class, the user
-    // will see an error message about the lack of an eligible
-    // py_extension_class_converters() function.
-    friend python_extension_class_converters py_extension_class_converters(boost::python::type<T>)
-    { 
-        return python_extension_class_converters();
-    }
-
-    // This is a member function because in a conforming implementation, friend
-    // funcitons defined inline in the class body are all instantiated as soon
-    // as the enclosing class is instantiated. If T is not copyable, that causes
-    // a compiler error. Instead, we access this function through the global
-    // template 
-    //
-    //     PyObject* to_python(const T& x)
-    //
-    // defined below this class. Since template functions are instantiated only
-    // on demand, errors will be avoided unless T is noncopyable and the user
-    // writes code which causes us to try to copy a T.
-    PyObject* to_python(const T& x) const
-    {
-        boost::python::reference<boost::python::detail::extension_instance> result(create_instance());
-        result->add_implementation(
-            std::auto_ptr<boost::python::detail::instance_holder_base>(
-                new boost::python::detail::instance_value_holder<T,U>(result.get(), x)));
-        return result.release();
-    }
-    
-    // Convert to T*
-    friend T* from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<T*>)
-    {
-        // downcast to an extension_instance, then find the actual T
-        boost::python::detail::extension_instance* self = boost::python::detail::get_extension_instance(obj);
-        typedef std::vector<boost::python::detail::instance_holder_base*>::const_iterator iterator;
-        for (iterator p = self->wrapped_objects().begin();
-             p != self->wrapped_objects().end(); ++p)
-        {
-            boost::python::detail::instance_holder<T>* held = dynamic_cast<boost::python::detail::instance_holder<T>*>(*p);
-            if (held != 0)
-                return held->target();
-
-            // see extclass.cpp for an explanation of try_class_conversions()
-            void* target = boost::python::detail::class_registry<T>::class_object()->try_class_conversions(*p);
-            if(target) 
-                return static_cast<T*>(target);
-        }
-        boost::python::detail::report_missing_instance_data(self, boost::python::detail::class_registry<T>::class_object(), typeid(T));
-        throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    }
-
-    // Convert to PtrType, where PtrType can be dereferenced to obtain a T.
-    template <class PtrType>
-    static PtrType& ptr_from_python(PyObject* obj, boost::python::type<PtrType>)
-    {
-        // downcast to an extension_instance, then find the actual T
-        boost::python::detail::extension_instance* self = boost::python::detail::get_extension_instance(obj);
-        typedef std::vector<boost::python::detail::instance_holder_base*>::const_iterator iterator;
-        for (iterator p = self->wrapped_objects().begin();
-             p != self->wrapped_objects().end(); ++p)
-        {
-            boost::python::detail::instance_ptr_holder<PtrType, T>* held =
-                dynamic_cast<boost::python::detail::instance_ptr_holder<PtrType, T>*>(*p);
-            if (held != 0)
-                return held->ptr();
-        }
-        boost::python::detail::report_missing_ptr_data(self, boost::python::detail::class_registry<T>::class_object(), typeid(T));
-        throw boost::python::argument_error();
-    }
-
-    template <class PtrType>
-    static PyObject* ptr_to_python(PtrType x)
-    {
-        boost::python::reference<boost::python::detail::extension_instance> result(create_instance());
-        result->add_implementation(
-            std::auto_ptr<boost::python::detail::instance_holder_base>(
-                new boost::python::detail::instance_ptr_holder<PtrType,T>(x)));
-        return result.release();
-    }
-
-    static boost::python::reference<boost::python::detail::extension_instance> create_instance()
-    {
-        PyTypeObject* class_object = boost::python::detail::class_registry<T>::class_object();
-        if (class_object == 0)
-            boost::python::detail::report_missing_class_object(typeid(T));
-            
-        return boost::python::reference<boost::python::detail::extension_instance>(
-            new boost::python::detail::extension_instance(class_object));
-    }
-
-    // Convert to const T*
-    friend const T* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*>)
-        { return from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>()); }
-
-    // Convert to const T* const&
-    friend const T* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T*const&>)
-         { return from_python(p, boost::python::type<const T*>()); }
-  
-    // Convert to T* const&
-    friend T* from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T* const&>)
-         { return from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>()); }
- 
-    // Convert to T&
-    friend T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T&>)
-        { return *boost::python::detail::check_non_null(from_python(p, boost::python::type<T*>())); }
-
-    // Convert to const T&
-    friend const T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const T&>)
-        { return from_python(p, boost::python::type<T&>()); }
-
-    // Convert to T
-    friend const T& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<T>)
-        { return from_python(p, boost::python::type<T&>()); }
-
-    friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
-    
-    friend std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
-    
-    friend const std::auto_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const std::auto_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<std::auto_ptr<T> >()); }
-
-    friend PyObject* to_python(std::auto_ptr<T> x)
-        { return ptr_to_python(x); }
-
-    friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
-    
-    friend boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
-    
-    friend const boost::shared_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<const boost::shared_ptr<T>&>)
-        { return ptr_from_python(p, boost::python::type<boost::shared_ptr<T> >()); }
-
-    friend PyObject* to_python(boost::shared_ptr<T> x)
-        { return ptr_to_python(x); }
-};
-
-// Convert T to_python, instantiated on demand and only if there isn't a
-// non-template overload for this function. This version is the one invoked when
-// T is a wrapped class. See the first 2 functions declared in
-// python_extension_class_converters above for more info.
-template <class T>
-PyObject* to_python(const T& x)
-{
-    return py_extension_class_converters(boost::python::type<T>()).to_python(x);
-}
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_IMPORT_CONVERSION(python_extension_class_converters);
-
-namespace detail {
-
-template <class T> class instance_holder;
-
-class read_only_setattr_function : public function
-{
- public:
-    read_only_setattr_function(const char* name);
-    PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-    const char* description() const;
- private:
-    string m_name;
-};
-
-  template <class From, class To>
-  struct define_conversion
-  {
-      static void* upcast_ptr(void* v)
-      {
-          return static_cast<To*>(static_cast<From*>(v));
-      }
-
-      static void* downcast_ptr(void* v)
-      {
-          return dynamic_cast<To*>(static_cast<From*>(v));
-      }
-  };
-
-// An easy way to make an extension base class which wraps T. Note that Python
-// subclasses of this class will simply be class_t<extension_instance> objects.
-//
-// U should be a class derived from T which overrides virtual functions with
-// boilerplate code to call back into Python. See extclass_demo.h for examples.
-// 
-// U is optional, but you won't be able to override any member functions in
-// Python which are called from C++ if you don't supply it. If you just want to
-// be able to use T in python without overriding member functions, you can omit
-// U.
-template <class T, class U = held_instance<T> >
-class extension_class
-    : public python_extension_class_converters<T, U>, // This generates the to_python/from_python functions
-      public extension_class_base
-{
- public:
-    typedef T wrapped_type;
-    typedef U callback_type;
-    
-    // Construct with a name that comes from typeid(T).name(). The name only
-    // affects the objects of this class are represented through repr()
-    extension_class();
-    
-    // Construct with the given name. The name only affects the objects of this
-    // class are represented through repr()
-    extension_class(const char* name);
-    
-    ~extension_class();
-
-    // define constructors
-""" % args
-        + gen_function(
-"""    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-    inline void def(constructor<%(A%n%:, %)>)
-    // The following incantation builds a signature1, signature2,... object. It
-    // should _all_ get optimized away.
-    { add_constructor(
-        %(prepend(type<A%n>::id(),
-        %)        signature0()%()%));
-    }
-""", args)
-        +
-"""
-
-    // export homogeneous operators (type of both lhs and rhs is 'operator')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub), Foo>());
-    
-    // export homogeneous operators (type of both lhs and rhs is 'T const&')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub)>());
-    template <long which, class Operand>
-    inline void def(operators<which,Operand>)
-    {
-        typedef typename operand_select<Operand>::template wrapped<T>::type true_operand;
-        def_operators(operators<which,true_operand>());
-    }
-
-    // export heterogeneous operators (type of lhs: 'left', of rhs: 'right')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub), Foo>(),
-    //                       boost::python::right_operand<int const&>());
-
-    // export heterogeneous operators (type of lhs: 'T const&', of rhs: 'right')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub)>(),
-    //                       boost::python::right_operand<int const&>());
-    template <long which, class Left, class Right>
-    inline void def(operators<which,Left>, right_operand<Right> r)
-    {
-        typedef typename operand_select<Left>::template wrapped<T>::type true_left;
-        def_operators(operators<which,true_left>(), r);
-    }
-
-    // export heterogeneous reverse-argument operators 
-    // (type of lhs: 'left', of rhs: 'right')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub), Foo>(),
-    //                       boost::python::left_operand<int const&>());
-    
-    // export heterogeneous reverse-argument operators 
-    // (type of lhs: 'left', of rhs: 'T const&')
-    // usage:  foo_class.def(boost::python::operators<(boost::python::op_add | boost::python::op_sub)>(),
-    //                       boost::python::left_operand<int const&>());
-    template <long which, class Left, class Right>
-    inline void def(operators<which,Right>, left_operand<Left> l)
-    {
-        typedef typename operand_select<Right>::template wrapped<T>::type true_right;
-        def_operators(operators<which,true_right>(), l);
-    }
-
-    // define a function that passes Python arguments and keywords
-    // to C++ verbatim (as a 'tuple const&' and 'dictionary const&' 
-    // respectively). This is useful for manual argument passing.
-    // It's also the only possibility to pass keyword arguments to C++.
-    // Fn must have a signatur that is compatible to 
-    //     PyObject* (*)(PyObject* aTuple, PyObject* aDictionary)
-    template <class Fn>
-    inline void def_raw(Fn fn, const char* name)
-    {
-        this->add_method(new_raw_arguments_function(fn), name);
-    }
-
-    // define member functions. In fact this works for free functions, too -
-    // they act like static member functions, or if they start with the
-    // appropriate self argument (as a pointer), they can be used just like
-    // ordinary member functions -- just like Python!
-    template <class Fn>
-    inline void def(Fn fn, const char* name)
-    {
-        this->add_method(new_wrapped_function(fn), name);
-    }
-
-    // Define a virtual member function with a default implementation.
-    // default_fn should be a function which provides the default implementation.
-    // Be careful that default_fn does not in fact call fn virtually!
-    template <class Fn, class DefaultFn>
-    inline void def(Fn fn, const char* name, DefaultFn default_fn)
-    {
-        this->add_method(new_virtual_function(type<T>(), fn, default_fn), name);
-    }
-
-    // Provide a function which implements x.<name>, reading from the given
-    // member (pm) of the T obj
-    template <class MemberType>
-    inline void def_getter(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-    {
-        this->add_getter_method(new getter_function<T, MemberType>(pm), name);
-    }
-    
-    // Provide a function which implements assignment to x.<name>, writing to
-    // the given member (pm) of the T obj
-    template <class MemberType>
-    inline void def_setter(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-    {
-        this->add_setter_method(new setter_function<T, MemberType>(pm), name);
-    }
-    
-    // Expose the given member (pm) of the T obj as a read-only attribute
-    template <class MemberType>
-    inline void def_readonly(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-    {
-        this->add_setter_method(new read_only_setattr_function(name), name);
-        this->def_getter(pm, name);
-    }
-    
-    // Expose the given member (pm) of the T obj as a read/write attribute
-    template <class MemberType>
-    inline void def_read_write(MemberType T::*pm, const char* name)
-    {
-        this->def_getter(pm, name);
-        this->def_setter(pm, name);
-    }
-    
-    // define the standard coercion needed for operator overloading
-    void def_standard_coerce();
-
-    // declare the given class a base class of this one and register 
-    // up and down conversion functions
-    template <class S, class V>
-    void declare_base(extension_class<S, V>* base)
-    {
-        // see extclass.cpp for an explanation of why we need to register
-        // conversion functions
-        base_class_info baseInfo(base, 
-                            &define_conversion<S, T>::downcast_ptr);
-        class_registry<T>::register_base_class(baseInfo);
-        add_base(ref(as_object(base), ref::increment_count));
-        
-        derived_class_info derivedInfo(this, 
-                            &define_conversion<T, S>::upcast_ptr);
-        class_registry<S>::register_derived_class(derivedInfo);
-    }
-        
-    // declare the given class a base class of this one and register 
-    // only up conversion function
-    template <class S, class V>
-    void declare_base(extension_class<S, V>* base, without_downcast_t)
-    {
-        // see extclass.cpp for an explanation of why we need to register
-        // conversion functions
-        base_class_info baseInfo(base, 0);
-        class_registry<T>::register_base_class(baseInfo);
-        add_base(ref(as_object(base), ref::increment_count));
-        
-        derived_class_info derivedInfo(this, 
-                           &define_conversion<T, S>::upcast_ptr);
-        class_registry<S>::register_derived_class(derivedInfo);
-    }
-    
- private: // types
-    typedef instance_value_holder<T,U> holder;
-
- private: // extension_class_base virtual function implementations
-    std::vector<base_class_info> const& base_classes() const;
-    std::vector<derived_class_info> const& derived_classes() const;
-    void* extract_object_from_holder(instance_holder_base* v) const;
-
- private: // Utility functions
-    template <long which, class Operand>
-    inline void def_operators(operators<which,Operand>)
-    {
-        def_standard_coerce();
-
-        // for some strange reason, this prevents MSVC from having an
-        // "unrecoverable block scoping error"!
-        typedef choose_op<(which & op_add)> choose_add;
-
-        choose_op<(which & op_add)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_sub)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_mul)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_div)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_mod)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_divmod)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_pow)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_lshift)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_rshift)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_and)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_xor)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_or)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_neg)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_pos)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_abs)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_invert)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_int)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_long)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_float)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_cmp)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-        choose_unary_op<(which & op_str)>::template args<Operand>::add(this);
-    }
-
-    template <long which, class Left, class Right>
-    inline void def_operators(operators<which,Left>, right_operand<Right>)
-    {
-        def_standard_coerce();
-        
-        choose_op<(which & op_add)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_sub)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_mul)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_div)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_mod)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_divmod)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_pow)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_lshift)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_rshift)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_and)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_xor)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_or)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_op<(which & op_cmp)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-    }
-    
-    template <long which, class Left, class Right>
-    inline void def_operators(operators<which,Right>, left_operand<Left>)
-    {
-        def_standard_coerce();
-        
-        choose_rop<(which & op_add)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_sub)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_mul)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_div)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_mod)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_divmod)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_pow)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_lshift)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_rshift)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_and)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_xor)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_or)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-        choose_rop<(which & op_cmp)>::template args<Left,Right>::add(this);
-    }
-    
-    template <class signature>
-    void add_constructor(signature sig)
-    {
-        this->add_constructor_object(init_function<holder>::create(sig));
-    }
-};
-
-// A simple wrapper over a T which allows us to use extension_class<T> with a
-// single template parameter only. See extension_class<T>, above.
-template <class T>
-class held_instance : public T
-{
-    // There are no member functions: we want to avoid inadvertently overriding
-    // any virtual functions in T.
-public:"""
-        + gen_functions("""%{
-    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>%}
-    held_instance(PyObject*%(, A%n% a%n%)) : T(%(a%n%:, %)) {}""", args)
-        + """
-};
-
-// Abstract base class for all obj holders. Base for template class
-// instance_holder<>, below.
-class instance_holder_base
-{
-public:
-    virtual ~instance_holder_base() {}
-    virtual bool held_by_value() = 0;
-};
-
-// Abstract base class which holds a Held, somehow. Provides a uniform way to
-// get a pointer to the held object
-template <class Held>
-class instance_holder : public instance_holder_base
-{
-public:
-    virtual Held*target() = 0;
-};
-
-// Concrete class which holds a Held by way of a wrapper class Wrapper. If Held
-// can be constructed with arguments (A1...An), Wrapper must have a
-// corresponding constructor for arguments (PyObject*, A1...An). Wrapper is
-// neccessary to implement virtual function callbacks (there must be a
-// back-pointer to the actual Python object so that we can call any
-// overrides). held_instance (above) is used as a default Wrapper class when
-// there are no virtual functions.
-template <class Held, class Wrapper>
-class instance_value_holder : public instance_holder<Held>
-{
-public:
-    Held* target() { return &m_held; }
-    Wrapper* value_target() { return &m_held; }
-"""
-        + gen_functions("""%{
-    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>%}
-    instance_value_holder(extension_instance* p%(, A%n a%n%)) :
-        m_held(p%(, a%n%)) {}""", args)
-        + """
-
- public: // implementation of instance_holder_base required interface
-    bool held_by_value() { return true; }
-
- private:
-    Wrapper m_held;
-};
-
-// Concrete class which holds a HeldType by way of a (possibly smart) pointer
-// PtrType. By default, these are only generated for PtrType ==
-// std::auto_ptr<HeldType> and PtrType == boost::shared_ptr<HeldType>.
-template <class PtrType, class HeldType>
-class instance_ptr_holder : public instance_holder<HeldType>
-{
- public:
-    HeldType* target() { return &*m_ptr; }
-    PtrType& ptr() { return m_ptr; }
-
-    instance_ptr_holder(PtrType ptr) : m_ptr(ptr) {}
-    
- public: // implementation of instance_holder_base required interface
-    bool held_by_value() { return false; }
- private:
-    PtrType m_ptr;
-};
-
-class extension_instance : public instance
-{
- public:
-    extension_instance(PyTypeObject* class_);
-    ~extension_instance();
-    
-    void add_implementation(std::auto_ptr<instance_holder_base> holder);
-
-    typedef std::vector<instance_holder_base*> held_objects;
-    const held_objects& wrapped_objects() const
-        { return m_wrapped_objects; }
- private:
-    held_objects m_wrapped_objects;
-};
-
-//
-// Template function implementations
-//
-
-template <class T, class U>
-extension_class<T, U>::extension_class()
-    : extension_class_base(typeid(T).name())
-{
-    class_registry<T>::register_class(this);
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-extension_class<T, U>::extension_class(const char* name)
-    : extension_class_base(name)
-{
-    class_registry<T>::register_class(this);
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-void extension_class<T, U>::def_standard_coerce()
-{
-    ref coerce_fct = dict().get_item(string("__coerce__"));
-    
-    if(coerce_fct.get() == 0) // not yet defined
-        this->def(&standard_coerce, "__coerce__");
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-inline
-std::vector<base_class_info> const& 
-extension_class<T, U>::base_classes() const
-{
-    return class_registry<T>::base_classes();
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-inline
-std::vector<derived_class_info> const& 
-extension_class<T, U>::derived_classes() const
-{
-    return class_registry<T>::derived_classes();
-}
-       
-template <class T, class U>
-void* extension_class<T, U>::extract_object_from_holder(instance_holder_base* v) const
-{
-    instance_holder<T>* held = dynamic_cast<instance_holder<T>*>(v);
-    if(held)
-        return held->target();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-extension_class<T, U>::~extension_class()
-{
-    class_registry<T>::unregister_class(this);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline void class_registry<T>::register_class(extension_class_base* p)
-{
-    // You're not expected to create more than one of these!
-    assert(static_class_object == 0);
-    static_class_object = p;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-inline void class_registry<T>::unregister_class(extension_class_base* p)
-{
-    // The user should be destroying the same object they created.
-    assert(static_class_object == p);
-    (void)p; // unused in shipping version
-    static_class_object = 0;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-void class_registry<T>::register_base_class(base_class_info const& i)
-{
-    static_base_class_info.push_back(i);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-void class_registry<T>::register_derived_class(derived_class_info const& i)
-{
-    static_derived_class_info.push_back(i);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-std::vector<base_class_info> const& class_registry<T>::base_classes()
-{
-    return static_base_class_info;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-std::vector<derived_class_info> const& class_registry<T>::derived_classes()
-{
-    return static_derived_class_info;
-}
-
-//
-// Static data member declaration.
-//
-template <class T>
-extension_class_base* class_registry<T>::static_class_object;
-template <class T>
-std::vector<base_class_info> class_registry<T>::static_base_class_info;
-template <class T>
-std::vector<derived_class_info> class_registry<T>::static_derived_class_info;
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif // EXTENSION_CLASS_DWA052000_H_
-""")
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        args = 5
-    else:
-        args = int(sys.argv[1])
-
-    print gen_extclass(args)

src/gen_function.py

@@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-import string
-
-def _find(s, sub, start=0, end=None):
-    """Just like string.find, except it returns end or len(s) when not found.
-    """
-    if end == None:
-        end = len(s)
-        
-    pos = string.find(s, sub, start, end)
-    if pos < 0:
-        return end
-    else:
-        return pos
-
-def _gen_common_key(key, n, args):
-    if len(key) > 0 and key in '123456789':
-        return str(args[int(key) - 1])
-    elif key == 'x':
-        return str(n)
-    else:
-        return key
-
-def _gen_arg(template, n, args, delimiter = '%'):
-    result = ''
-    i = 0
-    while i < len(template): # until the template is consumed
-        # consume everything up to the first delimiter
-        delimiter_pos = _find(template, delimiter, i)
-        result = result + template[i:delimiter_pos]
-        
-        # The start position of whatever comes after the delimiter+key
-        start = delimiter_pos + 2
-        key = template[start - 1 : start] # the key character. If there were no
-                                          # delimiters left, key will be empty
-
-        if key == 'n':
-            result = result + `n`
-        else:
-            result = result + _gen_common_key(key, n, args)
-
-        i = start
-        
-    return result
-
-def gen_function(template, n, *args, **keywords):
-    r"""gen_function(template, n, [args...] ) -> string
-    
-    Generate a function declaration based on the given template.
-    
-    Sections of the template between '%(', '%)' pairs are repeated n times. If '%:'
-    appears in the middle, it denotes the beginning of a delimiter.
-    
-    Sections of the template between '%{', '%}' pairs are ommitted if n == 0.
-    
-    %n is transformed into the string representation of 1..n for each repetition
-    of n.
-
-    %x, where x is a digit, is transformed into the corresponding additional
-    argument.
-
-    for example,
-    
-    >>> gen_function('%1 abc(%(int a%n%:, %));%{ // all args are ints%}', 2, 'void')
-    'void abc(int a1, int a2); // all args are ints'
-    >>> gen_function('%1 abc(%(int a%n%:, %));%{ // all args are ints%}', 0, 'x')
-    'x abc();'
-        
-
-    >>> template = '''    template <class T%(, class A%n%)>
-    ...     static PyObject* call( %1(T::*pmf)(%(A%n%:, %))%2, PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */ ) {
-    ...         PyObject* self;
-    ... %(        PyObject* a%n;
-    ... %)        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("O%(O%)"), &self%(, &a%n%)))
-    ...             return 0;
-    ...         T& target = from_python(self, type<T&>());
-    ...         %3to_python((target.*pmf)(%(
-    ...                 from_python(a%n, type<A%n>())%:,%)
-    ...                 ));%4
-    ...     }'''
-    
-    >>> print gen_function(template, 0, 'R ', '', 'return ', '')
-        template <class T>
-        static PyObject* call( R (T::*pmf)(), PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */ ) {
-            PyObject* self;
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("O"), &self))
-                return 0;
-            T& target = from_python(self, type<T&>());
-            return to_python((target.*pmf)(
-                    ));
-        }
-    
-    >>> print gen_function(template, 2, 'R ', '', 'return ', '')    
-        template <class T, class A1, class A2>
-        static PyObject* call( R (T::*pmf)(A1, A2), PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */ ) {
-            PyObject* self;
-            PyObject* a1;
-            PyObject* a2;
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOO"), &self, &a1, &a2))
-                return 0;
-            T& target = from_python(self, type<T&>());
-            return to_python((target.*pmf)(
-                    from_python(a1, type<A1>()),
-                    from_python(a2, type<A2>())
-                    ));
-        }
-        
-    >>> print gen_function(template, 3, 'void ', ' const', '', '\n'+8*' ' + 'return none();')
-        template <class T, class A1, class A2, class A3>
-        static PyObject* call( void (T::*pmf)(A1, A2, A3) const, PyObject* args, PyObject* /* keywords */ ) {
-            PyObject* self;
-            PyObject* a1;
-            PyObject* a2;
-            PyObject* a3;
-            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("OOOO"), &self, &a1, &a2, &a3))
-                return 0;
-            T& target = from_python(self, type<T&>());
-            to_python((target.*pmf)(
-                    from_python(a1, type<A1>()),
-                    from_python(a2, type<A2>()),
-                    from_python(a3, type<A3>())
-                    ));
-            return none();
-        }
-"""
-    delimiter = keywords.get('delimiter', '%')
-    result = ''
-    i = 0
-    while i < len(template): # until the template is consumed
-        # consume everything up to the first delimiter
-        delimiter_pos = _find(template, delimiter, i)
-        result = result + template[i:delimiter_pos]
-        
-        # The start position of whatever comes after the delimiter+key            
-        start = delimiter_pos + 2
-        key = template[start - 1 : start] # the key character. If there were no
-                                          # delimiters left, key will be empty
-
-        pairs = { '(':')', '{':'}' }
-        
-        if key in pairs.keys():
-            end = string.find(template, delimiter + pairs[key], start)
-            assert end >= 0, "Matching '" + delimiter + pairs[key] +"' not found!"
-            delimiter_pos = end
-
-            if key == '{':
-                if n > 0:
-                    result = result + gen_function(template[start:end], n, args, delimiter)
-            else:
-                separator_pos = _find(template, delimiter + ':', start, end)
-                separator = template[separator_pos+2 : end]
-
-                for x in range(1, n + 1):
-                    result = result + _gen_arg(template[start:separator_pos], x, args,
-                                               delimiter)
-                    if x != n:
-                        result = result + separator
-                
-        else:
-            result = result + _gen_common_key(key, n, args)
-            
-        i = delimiter_pos + 2
-        
-    return result
-
-def gen_functions(template, n, *args):
-    r"""gen_functions(template, n, [args...]) -> string
-
-    Call gen_function repeatedly with from 0..n and the given optional
-    arguments.
-
-    >>> print gen_functions('%1 abc(%(int a%n%:, %));%{ // all args are ints%}\n', 2, 'void'),
-    void abc();
-    void abc(int a1); // all args are ints
-    void abc(int a1, int a2); // all args are ints
-    
-    """
-    result = ''
-    for x in range(n + 1):
-        result = result + apply(gen_function, (template, x) + args)
-    return result
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import doctest
-    doctest.testmod()

src/gen_init_function.py

@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-from gen_function import *
-import string
-
-def gen_init_function(args):
-
-    return (
-"""//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file was generated for %d-argument constructors by gen_init_function.python
-
-#ifndef INIT_FUNCTION_DWA052000_H_
-# define INIT_FUNCTION_DWA052000_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/functions.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/detail/signatures.hpp>
-# include <typeinfo>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-
-  // parameter_traits - so far, this is a way to pass a const T& when we can be
-  // sure T is not a reference type, and a raw T otherwise. This should be
-  // rolled into boost::call_traits. Ordinarily, parameter_traits would be
-  // written:
-  //
-  //    template <class T> struct parameter_traits
-  //    {
-  //        typedef const T& const_reference;
-  //    };
-  //
-  //    template <class T> struct parameter_traits<T&>
-  //    {
-  //        typedef T& const_reference;
-  //    };
-  //
-  //    template <> struct parameter_traits<void>
-  //    {
-  //        typedef void const_reference;
-  //    };
-  //
-  // ...but since we can't partially specialize on reference types, we need this
-  // long-winded but equivalent incantation.
-
-  // const_ref_selector -- an implementation detail of parameter_traits (below). This uses
-  // the usual "poor man's partial specialization" hack for MSVC. 
-  template <bool is_ref>
-  struct const_ref_selector
-  {
-      template <class T>
-      struct const_ref
-      {
-          typedef const T& type;
-      };
-  };
-
-  template <>
-  struct const_ref_selector<true>
-  {
-      template <class T>
-      struct const_ref
-      {
-          typedef T type;
-      };
-  };
-
-# ifdef BOOST_MSVC
-#  pragma warning(push)
-#  pragma warning(disable: 4181)
-# endif // BOOST_MSVC
-  template <class T>
-  struct parameter_traits
-  {
-   private:
-      typedef const_ref_selector<boost::is_reference<T>::value> selector;
-   public:
-      typedef typename selector::template const_ref<T>::type const_reference;
-  };
-# ifdef BOOST_MSVC
-#  pragma warning(pop)
-# endif // BOOST_MSVC
-
-  // Full spcialization for void
-  template <>
-  struct parameter_traits<void>
-  {
-      typedef void const_reference;
-  };
-
-  template <class T>
-  class reference_parameter
-  {
-      typedef typename parameter_traits<T>::const_reference const_reference;
-   public:
-      reference_parameter(const_reference value)
-          : value(value) {}
-      operator const_reference() { return value; }
-   private:
-      const_reference value;
-  };
-
-class extension_instance;
-class instance_holder_base;
-
-class init;
-"""
-        + gen_functions('template <class T%(, class A%n%)> struct init%x;\n', args)
-        + """
-template <class T>
-struct init_function
-{
-""" + gen_functions("""%{
-    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-%}    static init* create(signature%x%{<%(A%n%:, %)>%}) {
-        return new init%x<T%(,
-                       detail::parameter_traits<A%n>::const_reference%)>;
-    }
-""", args)+"""};
-
-class init : public function
-{
-private: // override function hook
-    PyObject* do_call(PyObject* args, PyObject* keywords) const;
-private:
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* tail_args, PyObject* keywords) const = 0;
-};
-""" + gen_functions("""
-
-template <class T%(, class A%n%)>
-struct init%x : init
-{
-    virtual instance_holder_base* create_holder(extension_instance* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* /*keywords*/) const
-    {
-        %(PyObject* a%n;
-        %)if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, const_cast<char*>("%(O%)")%(, &a%n%)))
-            throw argument_error();
-        return new T(self%(,
-            boost::python::detail::reference_parameter<A%n>(from_python(a%n, type<A%n>()))%)
-            );
-    }
-    const char* description() const
-        { return typeid(void (*)(T&%(, A%n%%))).name(); }
-};""", args) + """
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif // INIT_FUNCTION_DWA052000_H_
-""")
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        args = 5
-    else:
-        args = int(sys.argv[1])
-
-    print gen_init_function(args)
-

src/gen_signatures.py

@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-from gen_function import *
-import string
-
-def gen_struct_signatures(args):
-    result = ''
-    for n in range(args, -1, -1):
-        result = (
-            result + gen_function("""%{template <%(class T%n%:, %)>
-%}struct signature%x {};
-
-""", n)
-#            + ((n == args) and [""] or
-#               [gen_function("""
-#    template <class X>
-#    static inline signature%1<X%(, T%n%)> prepend(type<X>)
-#        { return signature%1<X%(, T%n%)>(); }""",
-#                         n, (str(n+1),))
-#                ]
-#               )[0]
-#            
-#            + ((n != 0) and [""] or
-#               ["""
-#    // This one terminates the chain. Prepending void_t to the head of a void_t
-#    // signature results in a void_t signature again.
-#    static inline signature0 prepend(void_t) { return signature0(); }"""]
-#               )[0]
-#            + """
-#};
-#
-#"""
- + ((n == args) and [""] or
-            [gen_function(
-"""template <%(class T%n%, %)class X>
-inline signature%1<X%(, T%n%)> prepend(type<X>, signature%x%{<%(T%n%:, %)>%})
-    { return signature%1<X%(, T%n%)>(); }
-
-""", n, str(n+1))
-             ]
-       )[0]
-            )
-    return result
-
-def gen_signatures(args):
-    return (
-"""//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-//
-//  This file automatically generated by gen_signatures.python for %d arguments.
-#ifndef SIGNATURES_DWA050900_H_
-# define SIGNATURES_DWA050900_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace detail {
-// A stand-in for the built-in void. This one can be passed to functions and
-// (under MSVC, which has a bug, be used as a default template type parameter).
-struct void_t {};
-}
-
-// An envelope in which type information can be delivered for the purposes
-// of selecting an overloaded from_python() function. This is needed to work
-// around MSVC's lack of partial specialiation/ordering. Where normally we'd
-// want to form a function call like void f<const T&>(), We instead pass
-// type<const T&> as one of the function parameters to select a particular
-// overload.
-//
-// The id typedef helps us deal with the lack of partial ordering by generating
-// unique types for constructor signatures. In general, type<T>::id is type<T>,
-// but type<void_t>::id is just void_t.
-template <class T>
-struct type
-{
-    typedef type id;
-};
-
-template <>
-struct type<boost::python::detail::void_t>
-{
-    typedef boost::python::detail::void_t id;
-};
-
-namespace detail {
-// These basically encapsulate a chain of types, , used to make the syntax of
-// add(constructor<T1, ...>()) work. We need to produce a unique type for each number
-// of non-default parameters to constructor<>.  Q: why not use a recursive
-// formulation for infinite extensibility? A: MSVC6 seems to choke on constructs
-// that involve recursive template nesting.
-//
-// signature chaining
-""" % args
-        + gen_struct_signatures(args)
-        + """
-// This one terminates the chain. Prepending void_t to the head of a void_t
-// signature results in a void_t signature again.
-inline signature0 prepend(void_t, signature0) { return signature0(); }
-
-} // namespace detail
-"""
-        + gen_function("""
-template <%(class A%n% = detail::void_t%:, %)>
-struct constructor
-{
-};
-""", args)
-        + """
-namespace detail {
-// Return value extraction:
-
-// This is just another little envelope for carrying a typedef (see type,
-// above). I could have re-used type, but that has a very specific purpose. I
-// thought this would be clearer.
-template <class T>
-struct return_value_select { typedef T type; };
-
-// free functions"""
-        + gen_functions("""
-template <class R%(, class A%n%)>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (*)(%(A%n%:, %))) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-""", args)
-
-        +
-"""
-// TODO(?): handle 'const void'
-
-// member functions"""
-        + gen_functions("""
-template <class R, class T%(, class A%n%)>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(%(A%n%:, %))) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-""", args)
-
-        + gen_functions("""
-template <class R, class T%(, class A%n%)>
-return_value_select<R> return_value(R (T::*)(%(A%n%:, %)) const) { return return_value_select<R>(); }
-""", args)
-
-        + """
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif
-""")
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        args = 5
-    else:
-        args = int(sys.argv[1])
-
-    print gen_signatures(args)
-

src/gen_singleton.py

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-from gen_function import *
-import string
-
-def gen_singleton(args):
-    return (
-"""//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef SINGLETON_DWA051900_H_
-# define SINGLETON_DWA051900_H_
-
-# include <boost/python/detail/config.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
-
-struct empty {};
-template <class Derived, class Base = empty>
-struct singleton : Base
-{
-    typedef singleton singleton_base; // Convenience type for derived class constructors
-    
-    static Derived* instance();
-
-    // Pass-through constructors
-"""
-        + gen_functions("""%{
-    template <%(class A%n%:, %)>
-%}    singleton(%(const A%n& a%n%:, %)) : Base(%(a%n%:, %)) {}
-""", args)
-        + """
-};
-
-template <class Derived, class Base>
-Derived* singleton<Derived,Base>::instance()
-{
-    static Derived x;
-    return &x;
-}
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail
-
-#endif
-""")
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import sys
-
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        args = 5
-    else:
-        args = int(sys.argv[1])
-
-    print gen_singleton(args)

src/init_function.cpp

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#include <boost/python/detail/init_function.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/detail/extension_class.hpp>
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
-
-  PyObject* init::do_call(PyObject* args_, PyObject* keywords) const
-  {
-      tuple args(ref(args_, ref::increment_count));
-      if (args[0]->ob_type->ob_type != extension_meta_class())
-      {
-          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "argument 1 to __init__ must be an ExtensionInstance");
-          return 0;
-      }
-
-      extension_instance *self = static_cast<extension_instance*>(args[0].get());
-
-      tuple ctor_args = args.slice(1, args.size());
-
-      std::auto_ptr<instance_holder_base> result(
-          create_holder(self, ctor_args.get(), keywords));
-
-      self->add_implementation(result);
-      return none();
-  }
-
-}}} // namespace boost::python::detail

src/module_builder.cpp

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#include <boost/python/module_builder.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-namespace {
-  ref name_holder;
-}
-
-bool module_builder::initializing()
-{
-    return name_holder.get() != 0;
-}
-
-string module_builder::name()
-{
-    // If this fails, you haven't created a module_builder object
-    assert(initializing());
-    return string(name_holder);
-}
-
-module_builder::module_builder(const char* name)
-    : m_module(Py_InitModule(const_cast<char*>(name), initial_methods))
-{
-    // If this fails, you've created more than 1 module_builder object in your module    
-    assert(name_holder.get() == 0);
-    name_holder = ref(PyObject_GetAttrString(m_module, const_cast<char*>("__name__")));
-}
-
-module_builder::~module_builder()
-{
-    name_holder.reset();
-}
-
-void
-module_builder::add(detail::function* x, const char* name)
-{
-    reference<detail::function> f(x); // First take possession of the object.
-    detail::function::add_to_namespace(f, name, PyModule_GetDict(m_module));
-}
-
-void module_builder::add(ref x, const char* name)
-{
-	PyObject* dictionary = PyModule_GetDict(m_module);
-    PyDict_SetItemString(dictionary, const_cast<char*>(name), x.get());
-}
-
-void module_builder::add(PyTypeObject* x, const char* name /*= 0*/)
-{
-    this->add(ref(as_object(x)), name ? name : x->tp_name);
-}
-
-PyMethodDef module_builder::initial_methods[] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
-
-}} // namespace boost::python

src/objects.cpp

@@ -1,485 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-// TODO: Move inline implementations from objects.cpp here
-
-#include <boost/python/objects.hpp>
-#include <boost/python/detail/none.hpp>
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-template <class T>
-T object_from_python(PyObject* p, type<T>)
-{
-    ref x(p, ref::increment_count);
-    if (!T::accepts(x))
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, p->ob_type->tp_name);
-        throw error_already_set();
-    }
-    return T(x);
-}
-
-inline PyObject* object_to_python(const object& x)
-{
-    return x.reference().release();
-}
-
-object::object(ref p)
-    : m_p(p) {}
-    
-// Return a reference to the held object
-ref object::reference() const
-{
-    return m_p;
-}
-
-// Return a raw pointer to the held object
-PyObject* object::get() const
-{
-    return m_p.get();
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_BEGIN_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::tuple& x)
-{
-    return object_to_python(x);
-}
-
-boost::python::tuple from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::tuple> type)
-{
-    return boost::python::object_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::list& x)
-{
-    return object_to_python(x);
-}
-
-boost::python::list from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::list> type)
-{
-    return boost::python::object_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::dictionary& x)
-{
-    return object_to_python(x);
-}
-
-boost::python::dictionary from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::dictionary> type)
-{
-    return boost::python::object_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-PyObject* to_python(const boost::python::string& x)
-{
-    return object_to_python(x);
-}
-
-boost::python::string from_python(PyObject* p, boost::python::type<boost::python::string> type)
-{
-    return boost::python::object_from_python(p, type);
-}
-
-BOOST_PYTHON_END_CONVERSION_NAMESPACE
-
-namespace boost { namespace python {
-
-tuple::tuple(std::size_t n)
-    : object(ref(PyTuple_New(n)))
-{
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(get(), i, detail::none());
-}
-    
-tuple::tuple(ref p)
-    : object(p)
-{
-    assert(accepts(p));
-    if (!accepts(p))
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, p->ob_type->tp_name);
-        throw error_already_set();
-    }
-}
-
-PyTypeObject* tuple::type_obj()
-{
-    return &PyTuple_Type;
-}
-
-bool tuple::accepts(ref p)
-{
-    return PyTuple_Check(p.get());
-}
-
-std::size_t tuple::size() const
-{
-    return PyTuple_Size(get());
-}
-
-ref tuple::operator[](std::size_t pos) const
-{
-    return ref(PyTuple_GetItem(get(), static_cast<int>(pos)),
-               ref::increment_count);
-}
-
-void tuple::set_item(std::size_t pos, const ref& rhs)
-{
-    int failed = PyTuple_SetItem(
-        get(), static_cast<int>(pos), ref(rhs).release()); // A reference is stolen here.
-    (void)failed;
-    assert(failed == 0);
-}
-
-tuple tuple::slice(int low, int high) const
-{
-    return tuple(ref(PyTuple_GetSlice(get(), low, high)));
-}
-
-tuple& tuple::operator+=(const tuple& rhs)
-{
-    return *this = *this + rhs;
-}
-
-
-// Construct from an owned PyObject*.
-// Precondition: p must point to a python string.
-string::string(ref p)
-    : object(p)
-{
-    assert(accepts(p));
-    if (!accepts(p))
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, p->ob_type->tp_name);
-        throw error_already_set();
-    }
-}
-    
-string::string(const char* s)
-    : object(ref(PyString_FromString(s))) {}
-
-string::string(const char* s, std::size_t length)
-    : object(ref(PyString_FromStringAndSize(s, length))) {}
-
-string::string(const char* s, interned_t)
-    : object(ref(PyString_InternFromString(s))) {}
-
-#if 0
-string::string(const char* s, std::size_t length, interned_t)
-    : object(ref(PyString_InternFromStringAndSize(s, length))) {}
-#endif
-
-string::string(const string& rhs)
-    : object(rhs.reference()) {}
-
-// Get the type object for Strings
-PyTypeObject* string::type_obj()
-{ return &PyString_Type; }
-
-// Return true if the given object is a python string
-bool string::accepts(ref o)
-{ return PyString_Check(o.get()); }
-
-// Return the length of the string.
-std::size_t string::size() const
-{
-    int size = PyString_GET_SIZE(get());
-    assert(size >= 0);
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>(size);
-}
-
-// Returns a null-terminated representation of the contents of string.
-// The pointer refers to the internal buffer of string, not a copy.
-// The data must not be modified in any way. It must not be de-allocated. 
-const char* string::c_str() const
-{ return PyString_AS_STRING(get()); }
-
-void string::intern()
-{ // UNTESTED!!
-    *this = string(ref(PyString_InternFromString(c_str()), ref::increment_count));
-}
-
-string& string::operator*=(unsigned int repeat_count)
-{
-    *this = string(ref(PySequence_Repeat(get(), repeat_count)));
-    return *this;
-}
-
-dictionary::dictionary(ref p)
-    : object(p)
-{
-    assert(accepts(p));
-    if (!accepts(p))
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, p->ob_type->tp_name);
-        throw error_already_set();
-    }
-}
-
-dictionary::dictionary()
-    : object(ref(PyDict_New())) {}
-
-PyTypeObject* dictionary::type_obj()
-{ return &PyDict_Type; }
-
-bool dictionary::accepts(ref p)
-{ return PyDict_Check(p.get()); }
-
-void dictionary::clear()
-{ PyDict_Clear(get()); }
-
-const ref& dictionary::proxy::operator=(const ref& rhs)
-{
-    if (PyDict_SetItem(m_dict.get(), m_key.get(), rhs.get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-    return rhs;
-}
-
-dictionary::proxy::operator ref() const
-{
-    return ref(m_dict->ob_type->tp_as_mapping->mp_subscript(m_dict.get(), m_key.get()),
-               ref::increment_count);
-}
-
-dictionary::proxy::proxy(const ref& dict, const ref& key)
-    : m_dict(dict), m_key(key) {}
-
-dictionary::proxy dictionary::operator[](ref key)
-{ return proxy(reference(), key); }
-    
-ref dictionary::operator[](ref key) const {
-    // An odd MSVC bug causes the ".operator Ptr()" to be needed
-    return proxy(reference(), key).operator ref();
-}
-
-    
-ref dictionary::get_item(const ref& key) const
-{
-    return get_item(key, ref());
-}
-
-ref dictionary::get_item(const ref& key, const ref& default_) const
-{
-    PyObject* value_or_null = PyDict_GetItem(get(), key.get());
-    if (value_or_null == 0 && !PyErr_Occurred())
-        return default_;
-    else
-        return ref(value_or_null, ref::increment_count); // Will throw if there was another error
-}
-        
-void dictionary::set_item(const ref& key, const ref& value)
-{
-    if (PyDict_SetItem(get(), key.get(), value.get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-void dictionary::erase(ref key) {
-    if (PyDict_DelItem(get(), key.get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-list dictionary::items() const { return list(ref(PyDict_Items(get()))); }
-list dictionary::keys() const { return list(ref(PyDict_Keys(get()))); }
-list dictionary::values() const { return list(ref(PyDict_Values(get()))); }
-
-std::size_t dictionary::size() const { return static_cast<std::size_t>(PyDict_Size(get())); }
-
-string operator+(string x, string y)
-{
-    PyObject* io_string = x.reference().release();
-    PyString_Concat(&io_string, y.get());
-    return string(ref(io_string));    
-}
-
-string& string::operator+=(const string& rhs)
-{
-    return *this = *this + rhs;
-}
-
-string& string::operator+=(const char* y)
-{
-    return *this += string(y);
-}
-
-string operator%(const string& format, const tuple& args)
-{
-    return string(ref(PyString_Format(format.get(), args.reference().get())));
-}
-
-string operator+(string x, const char* y)
-{
-    return x + string(y);
-}
-
-string operator+(const char* x, string y)
-{
-    return string(x) + y;
-}
-
-tuple operator+(const tuple& x, const tuple& y)
-{
-    tuple result(x.size() + y.size());
-    for (std::size_t xi = 0; xi < x.size(); ++xi)
-        result.set_item(xi, x[xi]);
-    for (std::size_t yi = 0; yi < y.size(); ++yi)
-        result.set_item(yi + x.size(), y[yi]);
-    return result;
-}
-
-
-list::list(ref p)
-    : object(p)
-{
-    assert(accepts(p));
-    if (!accepts(p))
-    {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, p->ob_type->tp_name);
-        throw error_already_set();
-    }
-}
-
-list::list(std::size_t sz)
-    : object(ref(PyList_New(sz)))
-{
-}
-
-PyTypeObject* list::type_obj()
-{
-    return &PyList_Type;
-}
-
-bool list::accepts(ref p)
-{
-    return PyList_Check(p.get());
-}
-
-std::size_t list::size()
-{
-    return PyList_Size(get());
-}
-
-ref list::operator[](std::size_t pos) const
-{
-    return ref(PyList_GetItem(get(), pos), ref::increment_count);
-}
-
-list::proxy list::operator[](std::size_t pos)
-{
-    return proxy(reference(), pos);
-}
-
-void list::insert(std::size_t index, const ref& item)
-{
-    if (PyList_Insert(get(), index, item.get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-void list::push_back(const ref& item)
-{
-    if (PyList_Append(get(), item.get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-void list::append(const ref& item)
-{
-    this->push_back(item);
-}
-
-list list::slice(int low, int high) const
-{
-    return list(ref(PyList_GetSlice(get(), low, high)));
-}
-
-list::slice_proxy list::slice(int low, int high)
-{
-    return slice_proxy(reference(), low, high);
-}
-
-void list::sort()
-{
-    if (PyList_Sort(get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-void list::reverse()
-{
-    if (PyList_Reverse(get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-}
-
-tuple list::as_tuple() const
-{
-    return tuple(ref(PyList_AsTuple(get())));
-}
-
-const ref& list::proxy::operator=(const ref& rhs)
-{
-    m_list.set_item(m_index, rhs);
-    return rhs;
-}
-
-list::proxy::operator ref() const
-{
-    return ref(PyList_GetItem(m_list.get(), m_index), ref::increment_count);
-}
-
-ref list::get_item(std::size_t pos) const
-{
-    return ref(PyList_GetItem(this->get(), pos), ref::increment_count);
-}
-
-void list::set_item(std::size_t pos, const ref& rhs)
-{
-    int result = PyList_SetItem(this->get(), pos, rhs.get());
-    if (result == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-    Py_INCREF(rhs.get());
-}
-
-list::proxy::proxy(const ref& list, std::size_t index)
-    : m_list(list), m_index(index)
-{
-}
-
-const list& list::slice_proxy::operator=(const list& rhs)
-{
-    if (PyList_SetSlice(m_list.get(), m_low, m_high, rhs.get()) == -1)
-        throw error_already_set();
-    return rhs;
-}
-
-list::slice_proxy::operator ref() const
-{
-    return ref(PyList_GetSlice(m_list.get(), m_low, m_high));
-}
-
-list::slice_proxy::operator list() const
-{
-    return list(this->operator ref());
-}
-
-std::size_t list::slice_proxy::size()
-{
-    return this->operator list().size();
-}
-
-ref list::slice_proxy::operator[](std::size_t pos) const
-{
-    return this->operator list()[pos].operator ref();
-}
-
-list::slice_proxy::slice_proxy(const ref& list, int low, int high)
-    : m_list(list), m_low(low), m_high(high)
-{
-}
-
-}} // namespace boost::python

test/comprehensive.hpp

@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-//
-//  The author gratefully acknowleges the support of Dragon Systems, Inc., in
-//  producing this work.
-
-#ifndef BPL_TEST_DWA052200_H_
-# define BPL_TEST_DWA052200_H_
-//
-// Example code demonstrating extension class usage
-//
-
-# include <boost/python/class_builder.hpp>
-# include <boost/python/callback.hpp>
-# include <boost/utility.hpp>
-# include <cstring>
-# include <iostream>
-# include <cstddef>
-# include <string>
-# include <map>
-
-namespace bpl_test {
-
-//
-// example: Foo, Bar, and Baz are C++ classes we want to wrap.
-//
-
-class Foo                // prohibit copying, proving that it doesn't choke 
-    : boost::noncopyable // our generation of to_python().
-{
- public: // constructor/destructor
-    Foo(int x) : m_x(x) {}
-    virtual ~Foo() {}
-    
- public: // non-virtual functions
-    const char* mumble(); // mumble something
-    void set(long x);     // change the held value
-
-    // These two call virtual functions
-    std::string call_pure();                    // call a pure virtual fuction
-    int call_add_len(const char* s) const;      // virtual function with a default implementation
-
- private:
-    // by default, sum the held value and the length of s
-    virtual int add_len(const char* s) const;
-    
-    // Derived classes can do whatever they want here, but they must do something!
-    virtual std::string pure() const = 0;     
-
- public: // friend declarations
-    // If you have private virtual functions such as add_len which you want to
-    // override in Python and have default implementations, they must be
-    // accessible by the thing making the def() call on the extension_class (in
-    // this case, the nested PythonClass itself), and by the C++ derived class
-    // which is used to cause the Python callbacks (in this case,
-    // FooCallback). See the definition of FooCallback::add_len()
-    struct PythonClass;
-    friend struct PythonClass;
-    friend class FooCallback; 
-    
- private:
-    int m_x; // the held value
-};
-
-//
-// Bar and Baz have mutually-recursive type conversion dependencies (see
-// pass_xxx functions). I've done this to prove that it doesn't cause a
-// problem for Python class definitions, which happen later.
-//
-// Bar and Baz functions are only virtual to increase the likelihood of a crash
-// if I inadvertently use a pointer to garbage memory (a likely thing to test
-// for considering the amount of type casting needed to translate to and from
-// Python).
-struct Baz;
-struct Bar
-{
-    Bar(int x, int y) : m_first(x), m_second(y) {}
-    virtual int first() const { return m_first; }
-    virtual int second() const { return m_second; }
-    virtual Baz pass_baz(Baz x);
-
-    int m_first, m_second;
-};
-
-struct Baz
-{
-    virtual Bar pass_bar(const Bar& x) { return x; }
-
-    // We can return smart pointers
-    virtual std::auto_ptr<Baz> clone() { return std::auto_ptr<Baz>(new Baz(*this)); }
-
-    // This illustrates creating a polymorphic derived class of Foo
-    virtual boost::shared_ptr<Foo> create_foo();
-
-    // We can accept smart pointer parameters
-    virtual int get_foo_value(boost::shared_ptr<Foo>);
-
-    // Show what happens in python when we take ownership from an auto_ptr
-    virtual void eat_baz(std::auto_ptr<Baz>);
-};
-
-typedef std::map<std::size_t, std::string> StringMap;
-typedef std::pair<int, int> IntPair;
-
-IntPair make_pair(int, int);
-
-typedef std::less<IntPair> CompareIntPair;
-typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> StringPair;
-
-inline std::string first_string(const StringPair& x)
-{
-    return x.first;
-}
-
-inline std::string second_string(const StringPair& x)
-{
-    return x.second;
-}
-
-struct Range
-{
-    Range(int x)
-        : m_start(x), m_finish(x) {}
-    
-    Range(int start, int finish)
-        : m_start(start), m_finish(finish) {}
-    
-    std::size_t length() const
-        { return m_finish < m_start ? 0 : m_finish - m_start; }
-
-    void length(std::size_t new_length)
-        { m_finish = m_start + new_length; }
-
-    int operator[](std::size_t n)
-        { return m_start + n; }
-
-    Range slice(std::size_t start, std::size_t end)
-    {
-        if (start > length())
-            start = length();
-        if (end > length())
-            end = length();
-        return Range(m_start + start, m_start + end);
-    }
-
-    int m_start, m_finish;
-};
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//                                                                    //
-// Begin wrapping code. Usually this would live in a separate header. //
-//                                                                    //
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// Since Foo has virtual functions which we want overriden in Python, we must
-// derive FooCallback.
-class FooCallback : public Foo
-{
- public:
-    // Note the additional constructor parameter "self", which is needed to
-    // allow function overriding from Python.
-    FooCallback(PyObject* self, int x);
-
-    friend struct PythonClass; // give it access to the functions below
-    
- private:  // implementations of Foo virtual functions that are overridable in python.    
-    int add_len(const char* x) const;
-
-    // A function which Python can call in case bar is not overridden from
-    // Python. In true Python style, we use a free function taking an initial
-    // self parameter. You can put this function anywhere; it needn't be a
-    // static member of the wrapping class.
-    static int default_add_len(const Foo* self, const char* x);
-    
-    // Since Foo::pure() is pure virtual, we don't need a corresponding
-    // default_pure(). A failure to override it in Python will result in an
-    // exception at runtime when pure() is called.
-    std::string pure() const;
-
- private: // Required boilerplate if functions will be overridden
-    PyObject* m_self; // No, we don't want a boost::python::ref here, or we'd get an ownership cycle.
-};
-
-// Define the Python base class
-struct Foo::PythonClass : boost::python::class_builder<Foo, FooCallback> { PythonClass(boost::python::module_builder&); };
-
-// No virtual functions on Bar or Baz which are actually supposed to behave
-// virtually from C++, so we'll rely on the library to define a wrapper for
-// us. Even so, Python class_t types for each type we're wrapping should be
-// _defined_ here in a header where they can be seen by other extension class
-// definitions, since it is the definition of the boost::python::class_builder<> that
-// causes to_python/from_python conversion functions to be generated.
-struct BarPythonClass : boost::python::class_builder<Bar> { BarPythonClass(boost::python::module_builder&); };
-struct BazPythonClass : boost::python::class_builder<Baz> { BazPythonClass(boost::python::module_builder&); };
-
-struct StringMapPythonClass
-    : boost::python::class_builder<StringMap>
-{
-    StringMapPythonClass(boost::python::module_builder&);
-    
-    // These static functions implement the right argument protocols for
-    // implementing the Python "special member functions" for mapping on
-    // StringMap. Could just as easily be global functions.
-    static const std::string& get_item(const StringMap& m, std::size_t key);
-    static void set_item(StringMap& m, std::size_t key, const std::string& value);
-    static void del_item(StringMap& m, std::size_t key);
-};
-
-struct IntPairPythonClass
-    : boost::python::class_builder<IntPair>
-{
-    IntPairPythonClass(boost::python::module_builder&);
-    
-    // The following could just as well be a free function; it implements the
-    // getattr functionality for IntPair.
-    static int getattr(const IntPair&, const std::string& s);
-    static void setattr(IntPair&, const std::string& name, int value);
-    static void delattr(IntPair&, const char* name);
-};
-
-struct CompareIntPairPythonClass
-    : boost::python::class_builder<CompareIntPair>
-{
-    CompareIntPairPythonClass(boost::python::module_builder&);
-};
-
-} // namespace bpl_test
-
-#endif // BPL_TEST_DWA052200_H_

todo.txt

@@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
-Check for const reference parameters in all from_python functions in py.h, including implementations.
-Better python and C++ exception handling/error reporting.
-long long support
-use Python generic numeric coercion in from_python() for C++ numeric types
-Rename PyPtr to Reference.
-Report Cygwin linker memory issues
-__init__ stuff
-         Make abstract classes non-instantiable (?)
-         Call default __init__ functions automatically where applicable (?)
-Support for Python LONG types in Objects.h
-Throw TypeError after asserting when objects from objects.cpp detect a type mismatch.
-Figure out how to package everything as a shared library.
-Unicode string support
-Add read-only wrapper for __dict__ attribute
-Objects.h support for generic objects, Sequence objects, etc.
-empty() member functions for objects.hpp
-
-Testing
-    Python 2.0
-    object revival in __del__
-    More thorough tests of objects.h/cpp classes
-    Better reference-count checking
-
-Optimizations
-    Remove one level of indirection on type objects (no vtbl?).
-    Specializations of Caller<> for commmon combinations of argument types (?)
-    Replace uses of XXXable classes
-    Don't allocate instance __dict__ unless used.
-    
-        
-Documentation:
-
-    differences between Python classes and ExtensionClasses
-        additional capabilities of ExtensionClasses
-        slice adjustment
-
-        Why special attributes other than __doc__ and __name__ are immutable.
-
-            An example of the problems with the built-in Python classes.
-
-            >>> class A:
-            ...     def __getattr__(self, name):
-            ...             return 'A.__getattr__'
-            ...
-            >>> class B(A): pass
-            ...
-            >>> class C(B): pass
-            ...
-            >>> C().x
-            'A.__getattr__'
-            >>> B.__bases__ = ()
-            >>> C().x
-            'A.__getattr__'
-
-    Smart pointers
-            #ifndef PY_NO_INLINE_FRIENDS_IN_NAMESPACE
-            namespace py {
-            #endif
-
-            template <class T>
-            struct VtkConverters
-            {
-                typedef py::PyExtensionClassConverters<T> Converters;
-
-                friend vtk_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, py::Type<vtk_ptr<T>&>)
-                    { return Converters::ptr_from_python(p, py::Type<vtk_ptr<T> >()); }
-
-                friend vtk_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, py::Type<vtk_ptr<T> >)
-                    { return Converters::ptr_from_python(p, py::Type<vtk_ptr<T> >()); }
-
-                friend const vtk_ptr<T>& from_python(PyObject* p, py::Type<const vtk_ptr<T>&>)
-                    { return Converters::ptr_from_python(p, py::Type<vtk_ptr<T> >()); }
-
-                friend PyObject* to_python(vtk_ptr<T> x)
-                    { return Converters::ptr_to_python(x); }
-            };
-
-            #ifndef PY_NO_INLINE_FRIENDS_IN_NAMESPACE
-            }
-            #endif
-
-            template <class T>
-            struct VtkWrapper : py::ClassWrapper<T>, py::VtkConverters<T>
-            {
-                typedef py::ClassWrapper<T> Base;
-                VtkWrapper(Module& module, const char* name)
-                    : Base(module, name) {}
-            };
-
-    exception handling
-
-    Advanced Topics:
-        Advanced Type Conversion
-            adding conversions for fundamental types
-                generic conversions for template types (with partial spec).
-
-            Interacting with built-in Python objects and types from C++
-
-            dealing with non-const reference/pointer parameters
-
-        extending multiple-argument support using gen_all.py
-
-    
-    Fancy wrapping tricks
-        templates
-            Yes. If you look at the examples in extclass_demo.cpp you'll see that I have
-            exposed several template instantiations (e.g. std::pair<int,int>) in Python.
-            Keep in mind, however, that you can only expose a template instantiation,
-            not a template. In other words, MyTemplate<Foo> can be exposed. MyTemplate
-            itself cannot.
-
-            Well, that's not strictly true. Wow, this is more complicated to explain
-            than I thought.
-            You can't make an ExtensionClass<MyTemplate>, since after all MyTemplate is
-            not a type. You can only expose a concrete type to Python.
-
-            What you *can* do (if your compiler supports partial ordering of function
-            templates - MSVC is broken and does not) is to write appropriate
-            from_python() and to_python() functions for converting a whole class of
-            template instantiations to/from Python. That won't let you create an
-            instance of MyTemplate<SomePythonType> from Python, but it will let you
-            pass/return arbitrary MyTemplate<SomeCplusplusType> instances to/from your
-            wrapped C++ functions.
-
-            template <class T>
-            MyTemplate<T> from_python(PyObject* x, py::Type<MyTemplate<T> >)
-            {
-               // code to convert x into a MyTemplate<T>... that part is up to you
-            }
-
-            template <class T>
-            PyObject* from_python(const MyTemplate<T>&)
-            {
-               // code to convert MyTemplate<T> into a PyObject*... that part is up to
-            you
-            }
-
-            For example, you could use this to convert Python lists to/from
-            std::vector<T> automatically.
-
-        Pointer return values
-           
-           Case 1:
-
-                > I am now also able to wrap the problematic TextRecordIterator for Python.
-                > However, one of its function compiles with this warning:
-                >
-                > d:\py_cpp/caller.h(33) : warning C4800: 'const class Record *const '
-                > : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
-                >         d:\py_cpp/functions.h(54) : see reference to function template
-                > instantiation 'struct _object *__cdecl py::Caller::call(const class Record
-                > *const (__thiscall TextRecordIterator::*)(void),struct _object *,struct
-                > _object *)' being compiled
-                >
-                > If you look at the offending code, you'll see that we really do need to
-                > get back that pointer:
-                >
-                > const Record* const TextRecordIterator::Next() {
-                >     if (fStatus != RecordIterator::SUCCESS) {
-                >         return 0;
-                >     } else {
-                >         return &fData;
-                >     }
-                > }
-                >
-                > The point of the TextRecordIterator is to hand over one reord after
-                > another. A bool wouldn't do us much good here :-)
-                >
-                > Do you have any suggestions for fixing this?
-
-                In general, py_cpp doesn't automatically convert pointer return values
-                to_python because pointers have too many potential meanings. Is it an
-                iterator? A pointer to a single element? An array? Is ownership being passed
-                to Python or is the pointer really just a reference? If the latter, what
-                happens when some C++ code deletes the referent. The only exception to this
-                rule is const char*, since it has a generally accepted interpretation (could
-                be trouble with some generic code, though!)
-
-                If you have wrapped the Record class, you could add this to namespace py:
-
-                PyObject* to_python(const Record* p) {
-                   return to_python(*p);
-                }
-
-                Of course, this will cause the Record class to be copied. If you can't live
-                with that (Record would have to be /really/ heavyweight to make this
-                worthwhile), you can follow one of these dangerous approaches:
-
-                1. Use the technique I described with dangerous_array in
-                http://www.egroups.com/message/boost/6196. You do not have to expose Record
-                explicitly in this case. Instead the class you expose will be more of a
-                Record_proxy
-
-                2. Wrap Record in the usual way, then add the following to namespace py:
-
-                PyObject* to_python(const Record* p)
-                {
-                    return ExtensionClass<Record>::ptr_to_python(const_cast<Record*>(p));
-                }
-
-                This will cause the Record* to be treated as though it were an owning smart
-                pointer, even though it's not. Be sure you don't use the reference for
-                anything from Python once the pointer becomes invalid, though. Don't worry
-                too much about the const-correctness issue: Const-correctness is completely
-                lost to Python anyway!
-
-                3. As above, but instead wrap const Record rather than plain Record. Then
-                you can avoid the const_cast, but you obviously can't def() any non-const
-                member functions of Record.
-           
-           Case 2:
-
-                > I have yet another question.  This is more a general wrapper question.
-                > Let me say that there is a function that returns a float* which most
-                > probably is an array.  Similarly if I have a function that takes a
-                > float* as an argument, what is the best way of wrapping this?
-
-                I think you have correctly perceived that it doesn't make sense for me to
-                automatically convert all pointers, since the ownership semantics are so
-                blurry.
-
-                >   1) If the array is small it makes sense to convert it to either a
-                >   tuple or list.  What is the easiest way to do this??  I am looking
-                >   for a way that makes one write the least code. :)
-
-                How can you tell the length of the array from a single pointer?
-                Once you've answered that question, you can expose a wrapper function which
-                returns an instance of the py::Tuple or py::List class from objects.h. If
-                you are using a List, for example, you could write something like this:
-
-                py::List wrap_f()
-                {
-                  T* start = f();
-                  py::List x;
-                  for (T* p = start; p != start + length_constant; ++p)
-                     x.push_back(py::to_python(*p));
-                  return x;
-                }
-
-                >   2) If the array is large it may not make sense to use a list/tuple
-                >   esp. if the values are used for computationally intense programs.
-
-                In this case you can do one of several somewhat dangerous things. Why
-                dangerous? Because python can not control the lifetime of the data, so the
-                data in the array may be destroyed or become invalid before the last
-                reference to it disappears. The basic approach is to make a small C++ class
-                which contains the pointer, and expose that:
-
-                // UNTESTED
-                template <class T>
-                struct dangerous_array
-                {
-                    dangerous_array(T* start, T* end)
-                        : m_start(start), m_end(end) {}
-
-                    // exposed as "__len__"
-                    std::size_t length() {
-                        return m_end - m_start;
-                    }
-
-                    // exposed as "__getitem__"
-                    T get_item(std::size_t n) {
-                        check_range(n);
-                        return start[n];
-                    }
-
-                    // exposed as "__setitem__" if the array is mutable
-                    void set_item(std::size_t n, const T& x) {
-                        check_range(n);
-                        start[n] = x;
-                    }
-                 private:
-                    void check_range(std::size_t n) {
-                        if (n >= m_end - m_start)  {
-                            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "array index out of range");
-                            throw py::ErrorAlreadySet;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    T* m_start;
-                    T* m_end;
-                };
-
-                A reasonably safe approach would be to make a wrapper function for each
-                function that returns a T*, and expose that instead. If you're too lazy and
-                you really like to live on the edge, though, you can write to_python(T*) in
-                terms of to_python(const dangerous_array<T>&), and you'll automatically
-                convert all T* return values to a wrapped dangerous_array.
-
-                >   3) For an arbitrary class "class_A", say, can py_cpp handle
-                >   references to class_A &instance, or class_A *instance?? i.e. will it
-                >   wrap function calls to such objects?  This question is obviously
-                >   related to the earlier questions.
-
-                Yes, iff class_A has been exposed to python with a  ClassWrapper<class_A>.
-                See http://people.ne.mediaone.net/abrahams/downloads/under-the-hood.html for
-                a few details.
-
-        raw C++ arrays
-            You could expose a function like this one to get the desired effect:
-
-            #include <py_cpp/objects.h>
-            void set_len(UnitCell& x, py::Tuple tuple)
-            {
-                double len[3];
-                for (std::size_t i =0; i < 3; ++i)
-                    len[i] = py::from_python(tuple[i].get(), py::Type<double>());
-                x.set_len(len);
-            }
-
-        Types that are already wrapped by other libraries
-
-                It's not documented yet, but you should be able to use a raw PyObject* or a
-                py::Ptr as one parameter to your C++ function. Then you can manipulate it as
-                any other generic Python object.
-
-                Alternatively, If the NTL gives you a C/C++ interface, you can also write
-                your own converter function:
-
-                    some_ntl_type& from_python(PyObject* p, py::Type<some_NTL_type&>)
-                    {
-                        // an Example implementation. Basically, you need
-                        // to extract the NTL type from the PyObject*.
-                        if (p->ob_type != NTL_long_type) {
-                            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeErr, "NTL long required");
-                            throw py::ArgumentError();
-                        }
-                        return *static_cast<some_NTL_type*>(p);
-                    }
-
-                then the C++ functions you're wrapping can take a some_NTL_type& parameter
-                directly.
-
-        "Thin converting wrappers" for constructors
-
-            hijack some of the functionality
-            described in the section on Overridable Virtual Functions (even though you
-            don't have any virtual functions). I suggest this workaround:
-
-            struct UnitCellWrapper : UnitCell
-            {
-                UnitCellWrapper(PyObject* self, py::Tuple x, py::Tuple y)
-                    : UnitCell(from_python(x[1], py::Type<double>()),
-                                    from_python(x[2], py::Type<double>()),
-                                    from_python(x[3], py::Type<double>()),
-                                    from_python(y[1], py::Type<double>()),
-                                    from_python(y[2], py::Type<double>()),
-                                    from_python(y[3], py::Type<double>()))
-                {}
-            }
-
-            py::ClassWrapper<UnitCell, UnitCellWrapper> unit_cell_class;
-            unit_cell_class.def(py::Constructor<py::Tuple, py::Tuple>());
-            ...
-
-        returning references to wrapped objects
-
-        the importance of declaration order of ClassWrappers/ExtensionInstances
-
-        out parameters and non-const pointers
-
-        Calling back into Python:
-          // caveat: UNTESTED!
-          #include <py_cpp/pyptr.h>
-          #include <py_cpp/callback.h>
-          #include <py_cpp/py.h>
-          #include <Python.h>
-          int main()
-          {
-             try {
-                 py::Ptr module(PyImport_ImportModule("weapons"));
-                 const int strength = 10;
-                 const char* manufacturer = "Vordon Empire";
-                 py::Ptr a_blaster(py::Callback<py::Ptr>::call_method(
-                          module.get(), "Blaster", strength, manufacturer));
-                 py::Callback<void>::call_method(a_blaster.get(), "Fire");
-                 int old_strength = py::Callback<int>::call_method(a_blaster.get(), "get_strength");
-                 py::Callback<void>::call_method(a_blaster.get(), "set_strength", 5);
-             }
-             catch(...)
-             {
-             }
-          }
-
-    Miscellaneous
-        About the vc6 project and the debug build
-        About doctest.py
-
-Boost remarks:
-
-    > > One of us is completely nuts ;->. How can I move the test
-    > > (is_prefix(enablers[i].name + 2, name + 2)) outside the loop if it
-    depends
-    > > on the loop index, i?
-    > >
-    >   name += 2;
-    >    for()
-    > {
-    >    if (is_prefix(enablers[i].name + 2, name))
-    > }
-
-    I see now. I guess I should stop pussyfooting and either go for optimization
-    or clarity here, eh?
-
-    ------
-
-    > Re: Dict                                                                      
-    >    Why abbreviate this? Code is read 5 or 6 times for every time its          
-    > written. The few extra characters don't affect compile time or program        
-    > speed. It's part of my personal goal of write what you mean, name them        
-    what                                                                            
-    > they are.                                                                     
-                                                                                    
-    I completely agree. Abbrevs rub me the wrong way, 2 ;-> 
- 
-    -------
-
-
-                                                                                    
-                                                                                    
-Later:
-       keyword and varargs?
-       Put explicit Type<> arguments at the beginnings of overloads, to make them look more like template instance specifications.
-
-Known bugs
-      can't handle 'const void' return values
-      Who returns 'const void'? I did it once, by mistake ;)