Merged 2009 GSoC work from sandbox-branches/bhy/py3k branch back into trunk.

[SVN r56305]

src/converter/builtin_converters.cpp

@@ -37,12 +37,20 @@ void shared_ptr_deleter::operator()(void const*)
 
 namespace
 {
+
   // An lvalue conversion function which extracts a char const* from a
   // Python String.
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
   void* convert_to_cstring(PyObject* obj)
   {
       return PyString_Check(obj) ? PyString_AsString(obj) : 0;
   }
+#else
+  void* convert_to_cstring(PyObject* obj)
+  {
+      return PyUnicode_Check(obj) ? _PyUnicode_AsString(obj) : 0;
+  }
+#endif
 
   // Given a target type and a SlotPolicy describing how to perform a
   // given conversion, registers from_python converters which use the
@@ -90,6 +98,52 @@ namespace
       }
   };
 
+  // identity_unaryfunc/py_object_identity -- manufacture a unaryfunc
+  // "slot" which just returns its argument. 
+  extern "C" PyObject* identity_unaryfunc(PyObject* x)
+  {
+      Py_INCREF(x);
+      return x;
+  }
+  unaryfunc py_object_identity = identity_unaryfunc;
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+  // As in Python 3 there is only one integer type, we can have much
+  // simplified logic.
+  // XXX(bhy) maybe the code will work with 2.6 or even 2.5?
+  struct int_rvalue_from_python_base
+  {
+      static unaryfunc* get_slot(PyObject* obj)
+      {
+          return PyLong_Check(obj) ? &py_object_identity : 0;
+      }
+      static PyTypeObject const* get_pytype() {return &PyLong_Type;}
+  };
+
+  template <class T>
+  struct signed_int_rvalue_from_python : int_rvalue_from_python_base
+  {
+      static T extract(PyObject* intermediate)
+      {
+          long x = PyLong_AsLong(intermediate);
+          if (PyErr_Occurred())
+              throw_error_already_set();
+          return numeric_cast<T>(x);
+      }
+  };
+
+  template <class T>
+  struct unsigned_int_rvalue_from_python : int_rvalue_from_python_base
+  {
+      static T extract(PyObject* intermediate)
+      {
+          unsigned long x = PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(intermediate);
+          if (PyErr_Occurred())
+              throw_error_already_set();
+          return numeric_cast<T>(x);
+      }
+  };
+#else // PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
   // A SlotPolicy for extracting signed integer types from Python objects
   struct signed_int_rvalue_from_python_base
   {
@@ -121,16 +175,7 @@ namespace
           return numeric_cast<T>(x);
       }
   };
-
-  // identity_unaryfunc/py_object_identity -- manufacture a unaryfunc
-  // "slot" which just returns its argument. 
-  extern "C" PyObject* identity_unaryfunc(PyObject* x)
-  {
-      Py_INCREF(x);
-      return x;
-  }
-  unaryfunc py_object_identity = identity_unaryfunc;
-
+  
   // A SlotPolicy for extracting unsigned integer types from Python objects
   struct unsigned_int_rvalue_from_python_base
   {
@@ -178,6 +223,7 @@ namespace
           }
       }
   };
+#endif // PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
 
 // Checking Python's macro instead of Boost's - we don't seem to get
 // the config right all the time. Furthermore, Python's is defined
@@ -190,6 +236,9 @@ namespace
   {
       static unaryfunc* get_slot(PyObject* obj)
       {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+          return PyLong_Check(obj) ? &py_object_identity : 0;
+#else
           PyNumberMethods* number_methods = obj->ob_type->tp_as_number;
           if (number_methods == 0)
               return 0;
@@ -202,19 +251,22 @@ namespace
               return &number_methods->nb_long;
           else
               return 0;
+#endif
       }
-      static PyTypeObject const* get_pytype() { return &PyInt_Type;}
+      static PyTypeObject const* get_pytype() { return &PyLong_Type;}
   };
   
   struct long_long_rvalue_from_python : long_long_rvalue_from_python_base
   {
       static BOOST_PYTHON_LONG_LONG extract(PyObject* intermediate)
       {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
           if (PyInt_Check(intermediate))
           {
               return PyInt_AS_LONG(intermediate);
           }
           else
+#endif
           {
               BOOST_PYTHON_LONG_LONG result = PyLong_AsLongLong(intermediate);
               
@@ -230,11 +282,13 @@ namespace
   {
       static unsigned BOOST_PYTHON_LONG_LONG extract(PyObject* intermediate)
       {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
           if (PyInt_Check(intermediate))
           {
               return numeric_cast<unsigned BOOST_PYTHON_LONG_LONG>(PyInt_AS_LONG(intermediate));
           }
           else
+#endif
           {
               unsigned BOOST_PYTHON_LONG_LONG result = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(intermediate);
               
@@ -252,7 +306,9 @@ namespace
   {
       static unaryfunc* get_slot(PyObject* obj)
       {
-#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02040000 && defined(BOOST_PYTHON_BOOL_INT_STRICT)
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+          return obj == Py_None || PyLong_Check(obj) ? &py_object_identity : 0;
+#elif PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02040000 && defined(BOOST_PYTHON_BOOL_INT_STRICT)
           return obj == Py_None || PyBool_Check(obj) ? &py_object_identity : 0;
 #else
           return obj == Py_None || PyInt_Check(obj) ? &py_object_identity : 0;
@@ -285,8 +341,10 @@ namespace
 
           // For integer types, return the tp_int conversion slot to avoid
           // creating a new object. We'll handle that below
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
           if (PyInt_Check(obj))
               return &number_methods->nb_int;
+#endif
 
           return (PyLong_Check(obj) || PyFloat_Check(obj))
               ? &number_methods->nb_float : 0;
@@ -294,11 +352,13 @@ namespace
       
       static double extract(PyObject* intermediate)
       {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
           if (PyInt_Check(intermediate))
           {
               return PyInt_AS_LONG(intermediate);
           }
           else
+#endif
           {
               return PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(intermediate);
           }
@@ -306,22 +366,36 @@ namespace
       static PyTypeObject const* get_pytype() { return &PyFloat_Type;}
   };
 
+  unaryfunc py_unicode_as_string_unaryfunc = PyUnicode_AsUTF8String;
+
   // A SlotPolicy for extracting C++ strings from Python objects.
   struct string_rvalue_from_python
   {
       // If the underlying object is "string-able" this will succeed
       static unaryfunc* get_slot(PyObject* obj)
       {
-          return (PyString_Check(obj))
-              ? &obj->ob_type->tp_str : 0;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+          return (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) ? &py_unicode_as_string_unaryfunc : 0;
+#else
+          return (PyString_Check(obj)) ? &obj->ob_type->tp_str : 0;
+
+#endif
       };
 
       // Remember that this will be used to construct the result object 
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+      static std::string extract(PyObject* intermediate)
+      {
+          return std::string(PyBytes_AsString(intermediate),PyBytes_Size(intermediate));
+      }
+      static PyTypeObject const* get_pytype() { return &PyUnicode_Type;}
+#else
       static std::string extract(PyObject* intermediate)
       {
           return std::string(PyString_AsString(intermediate),PyString_Size(intermediate));
       }
       static PyTypeObject const* get_pytype() { return &PyString_Type;}
+#endif
   };
 
 #if defined(Py_USING_UNICODE) && !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTRING)
@@ -341,7 +415,11 @@ namespace
       {
           return PyUnicode_Check(obj)
               ? &py_object_identity
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+            : PyBytes_Check(obj)
+#else
             : PyString_Check(obj)
+#endif
               ? &py_encode_string
             : 0;
       };
@@ -384,10 +462,12 @@ namespace
                   PyComplex_RealAsDouble(intermediate)
                   , PyComplex_ImagAsDouble(intermediate));
           }
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
           else if (PyInt_Check(intermediate))
           {
               return PyInt_AS_LONG(intermediate);
           }
+#endif
           else
           {
               return PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(intermediate);
@@ -399,12 +479,20 @@ namespace
 
 BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_return_to_python(char x)
 {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(&x, 1);
+#else
     return PyString_FromStringAndSize(&x, 1);
+#endif
 }
   
 BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_return_to_python(char const* x)
 {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    return x ? PyUnicode_FromString(x) : boost::python::detail::none();
+#else
     return x ? PyString_FromString(x) : boost::python::detail::none();
+#endif
 }
   
 BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* do_return_to_python(PyObject* x)
@@ -459,13 +547,18 @@ void initialize_builtin_converters()
     slot_rvalue_from_python<std::complex<long double>,complex_rvalue_from_python>();
     
     // Add an lvalue converter for char which gets us char const*
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
     registry::insert(convert_to_cstring,type_id<char>(),&converter::wrap_pytype<&PyString_Type>::get_pytype);
+#else
+    registry::insert(convert_to_cstring,type_id<char>(),&converter::wrap_pytype<&PyUnicode_Type>::get_pytype);
+#endif
 
     // Register by-value converters to std::string, std::wstring
 #if defined(Py_USING_UNICODE) && !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTRING)
     slot_rvalue_from_python<std::wstring, wstring_rvalue_from_python>();
 # endif 
     slot_rvalue_from_python<std::string, string_rvalue_from_python>();
+
 }
 
 }}} // namespace boost::python::converter

src/converter/from_python.cpp

@@ -96,7 +96,12 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void* rvalue_from_python_stage2(
     if (!data.convertible)
     {
         handle<> msg(
-            ::PyString_FromFormat(
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+            ::PyUnicode_FromFormat
+#else
+            ::PyString_FromFormat
+#endif
+                (
                 "No registered converter was able to produce a C++ rvalue of type %s from this Python object of type %s"
                 , converters.target_type.name()
                 , source->ob_type->tp_name
@@ -196,7 +201,12 @@ namespace
   void throw_no_lvalue_from_python(PyObject* source, registration const& converters, char const* ref_type)
   {
       handle<> msg(
-          ::PyString_FromFormat(
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+          ::PyUnicode_FromFormat
+#else
+          ::PyString_FromFormat
+#endif
+              (
               "No registered converter was able to extract a C++ %s to type %s"
               " from this Python object of type %s"
               , ref_type
@@ -218,7 +228,12 @@ namespace
       if (source->ob_refcnt <= 1)
       {
           handle<> msg(
-              ::PyString_FromFormat(
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x3000000
+              ::PyUnicode_FromFormat
+#else
+              ::PyString_FromFormat
+#endif
+                  (
                   "Attempt to return dangling %s to object of type: %s"
                   , ref_type
                   , converters.target_type.name()));

src/converter/registry.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,12 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* registration::to_python(void const volatile* source)
     if (this->m_to_python == 0)
     {
         handle<> msg(
-            ::PyString_FromFormat(
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x3000000
+            ::PyUnicode_FromFormat
+#else
+            ::PyString_FromFormat
+#endif
+            (
                 "No to_python (by-value) converter found for C++ type: %s"
                 , this->target_type.name()
                 )

src/dict.cpp

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ object dict_base::get(object_cref k, object_cref d) const
 
 bool dict_base::has_key(object_cref k) const
 {
-    return extract<bool>(this->attr("has_key")(k)); 
+    return extract<bool>(this->contains(k)); 
 }
 
 list dict_base::items() const

src/exec.cpp

@@ -88,11 +88,19 @@ object BOOST_PYTHON_DECL exec_file(str filename, object global, object local)
   if (local.ptr() == none.ptr()) local = global;
   // should be 'char const *' but older python versions don't use 'const' yet.
   char *f = python::extract<char *>(filename);
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+  // TODO(bhy) temporary workaround for Python 3.
+  // should figure out a way to avoid binary incompatibilities as the Python 2
+  // version did.
+  FILE *fs = fopen(f, "r");
+#else
   // Let python open the file to avoid potential binary incompatibilities.
   PyObject *pyfile = PyFile_FromString(f, const_cast<char*>("r"));
   if (!pyfile) throw std::invalid_argument(std::string(f) + " : no such file");
   python::handle<> file(pyfile);
-  PyObject* result = PyRun_File(PyFile_AsFile(file.get()),
+  FILE *fs = PyFile_AsFile(file.get());
+#endif
+  PyObject* result = PyRun_File(fs,
                 f,
                 Py_file_input,
                 global.ptr(), local.ptr());

src/list.cpp

@@ -48,7 +48,11 @@ void list_base::extend(object_cref sequence)
 long list_base::index(object_cref value) const
 {
     object result_obj(this->attr("index")(value));
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    ssize_t result = PyLong_AsSsize_t(result_obj.ptr());
+#else
     long result = PyInt_AsLong(result_obj.ptr());
+#endif
     if (result == -1)
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -69,7 +73,11 @@ void list_base::insert(ssize_t index, object_cref item)
 
 void list_base::insert(object const& index, object_cref x)
 {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    ssize_t index_ = PyLong_AsSsize_t(index.ptr());
+#else
     long index_ = PyInt_AsLong(index.ptr());
+#endif
     if (index_ == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     this->insert(index_, x);
@@ -121,17 +129,29 @@ void list_base::sort()
     }
 }
 
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+void list_base::sort(args_proxy const &args, 
+                     kwds_proxy const &kwds)
+{
+    this->attr("sort")(args, kwds);
+}
+#else
 void list_base::sort(object_cref cmpfunc)
 {
     this->attr("sort")(cmpfunc);
 }
+#endif
 
 // For some reason, moving this to the end of the TU suppresses an ICE
 // with vc6.
-long list_base::count(object_cref value) const
+Py_ssize_t list_base::count(object_cref value) const
 {
     object result_obj(this->attr("count")(value));
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    Py_ssize_t result = PyLong_AsSsize_t(result_obj.ptr());
+#else
     long result = PyInt_AsLong(result_obj.ptr());
+#endif
     if (result == -1)
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;

src/module.cpp

@@ -24,11 +24,25 @@ namespace
   PyMethodDef initial_methods[] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
 }
 
-BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void init_module(char const* name, void(*init_function)())
+BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* init_module(char const* name, void(*init_function)())
 {
-    
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {
+        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+        name,
+        0, /* m_doc */
+        -1, /* m_size */
+        initial_methods,
+        0,  /* m_reload */
+        0, /* m_traverse */
+        0, /* m_clear */
+        0,  /* m_free */
+    };
+    PyObject* m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+#else
     PyObject* m
         = Py_InitModule(const_cast<char*>(name), initial_methods);
+#endif
 
     if (m != 0)
     {
@@ -38,6 +52,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void init_module(char const* name, void(*init_function)())
         
         handle_exception(init_function);
     }
+    return m;
 }
 
 }}} // namespace boost::python::detail

src/object/class.cpp

@@ -67,8 +67,44 @@ extern "C"
       PyObject *prop_set;
       PyObject *prop_del;
       PyObject *prop_doc;
+      int getter_doc;
   } propertyobject;
 
+  // Copied from Python source and removed the part for setting docstring,
+  // since we don't have a setter for __doc__ and trying to set it will
+  // cause the init fail.
+  static int property_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+  {
+      PyObject *get = NULL, *set = NULL, *del = NULL, *doc = NULL;
+      static char *kwlist[] = {"fget", "fset", "fdel", "doc", 0};
+      propertyobject *prop = (propertyobject *)self;
+
+      if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|OOOO:property",
+                  kwlist, &get, &set, &del, &doc))
+          return -1;
+
+      if (get == Py_None)
+          get = NULL;
+      if (set == Py_None)
+          set = NULL;
+      if (del == Py_None)
+          del = NULL;
+
+      Py_XINCREF(get);
+      Py_XINCREF(set);
+      Py_XINCREF(del);
+      Py_XINCREF(doc);
+
+      prop->prop_get = get;
+      prop->prop_set = set;
+      prop->prop_del = del;
+      prop->prop_doc = doc;
+      prop->getter_doc = 0;
+
+      return 0;
+  }
+
+ 
   static PyObject *
   static_data_descr_get(PyObject *self, PyObject * /*obj*/, PyObject * /*type*/)
   {
@@ -106,10 +142,9 @@ extern "C"
 }
 
 static PyTypeObject static_data_object = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(0)//&PyType_Type)
-    0,
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
     const_cast<char*>("Boost.Python.StaticProperty"),
-    PyType_Type.tp_basicsize,
+    sizeof(propertyobject),
     0,
     0,                                      /* tp_dealloc */
     0,                                      /* tp_print */
@@ -143,7 +178,7 @@ static PyTypeObject static_data_object = {
     static_data_descr_get,                                      /* tp_descr_get */
     static_data_descr_set,                                      /* tp_descr_set */
     0,                                      /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                      /* tp_init */
+    property_init,                                      /* tp_init */
     0,                                      /* tp_alloc */
     0, // filled in with type_new           /* tp_new */
     0, // filled in with __PyObject_GC_Del  /* tp_free */
@@ -160,17 +195,20 @@ static PyTypeObject static_data_object = {
 
 namespace objects
 {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
+  // XXX Not sure why this run into compiling error in Python 3
   extern "C"
   {
       // This declaration needed due to broken Python 2.2 headers
       extern DL_IMPORT(PyTypeObject) PyProperty_Type;
   }
+#endif
 
   BOOST_PYTHON_DECL PyObject* static_data()
   {
       if (static_data_object.tp_dict == 0)
       {
-          static_data_object.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
+          Py_TYPE(&static_data_object) = &PyType_Type;
           static_data_object.tp_base = &PyProperty_Type;
           if (PyType_Ready(&static_data_object))
               return 0;
@@ -203,15 +241,14 @@ extern "C"
         // If we found a static data descriptor, call it directly to
         // force it to set the static data member
         if (a != 0 && PyObject_IsInstance(a, objects::static_data()))
-            return a->ob_type->tp_descr_set(a, obj, value);
+            return Py_TYPE(a)->tp_descr_set(a, obj, value);
         else
             return PyType_Type.tp_setattro(obj, name, value);
     }
 }
 
 static PyTypeObject class_metatype_object = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(0)//&PyType_Type)
-    0,
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
     const_cast<char*>("Boost.Python.class"),
     PyType_Type.tp_basicsize,
     0,
@@ -266,7 +303,7 @@ static PyTypeObject class_metatype_object = {
 // object.
 void instance_holder::install(PyObject* self) throw()
 {
-    assert(self->ob_type->ob_type == &class_metatype_object);
+    assert(Py_TYPE(Py_TYPE(self)) == &class_metatype_object);
     m_next = ((objects::instance<>*)self)->objects;
     ((objects::instance<>*)self)->objects = this;
 }
@@ -279,7 +316,7 @@ namespace objects
   {
       if (class_metatype_object.tp_dict == 0)
       {
-          class_metatype_object.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
+          Py_TYPE(&class_metatype_object) = &PyType_Type;
           class_metatype_object.tp_base = &PyType_Type;
           if (PyType_Ready(&class_metatype_object))
               return type_handle();
@@ -308,7 +345,7 @@ namespace objects
 
           Py_XDECREF(kill_me->dict);
           
-          inst->ob_type->tp_free(inst);
+          Py_TYPE(inst)->tp_free(inst);
       }
 
       static PyObject *
@@ -318,7 +355,12 @@ namespace objects
           PyObject* d = type_->tp_dict;
           PyObject* instance_size_obj = PyObject_GetAttrString(d, const_cast<char*>("__instance_size__"));
 
-          long instance_size = instance_size_obj ? PyInt_AsLong(instance_size_obj) : 0;
+          Py_ssize_t instance_size = instance_size_obj ? 
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+              PyLong_AsSsize_t(instance_size_obj) : 0;
+#else
+              PyInt_AsLong(instance_size_obj) : 0;
+#endif
           
           if (instance_size < 0)
               instance_size = 0;
@@ -332,7 +374,12 @@ namespace objects
               // like, so we'll store the total size of the object
               // there. A negative number indicates that the extra
               // instance memory is not yet allocated to any holders.
-              result->ob_size = -(static_cast<int>(offsetof(instance<>,storage) + instance_size));
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02060000
+              Py_SIZE(result) =
+#else
+              result->ob_size =
+#endif
+                  -(static_cast<int>(offsetof(instance<>,storage) + instance_size));
           }
           return (PyObject*)result;
       }
@@ -368,8 +415,7 @@ namespace objects
   };
 
   static PyTypeObject class_type_object = {
-      PyObject_HEAD_INIT(0) //&class_metatype_object)
-      0,
+      PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
       const_cast<char*>("Boost.Python.instance"),
       offsetof(instance<>,storage),           /* tp_basicsize */
       1,                                      /* tp_itemsize */
@@ -424,7 +470,7 @@ namespace objects
   {
       if (class_type_object.tp_dict == 0)
       {
-          class_type_object.ob_type = incref(class_metatype().get());
+          Py_TYPE(&class_type_object) = incref(class_metatype().get());
           class_type_object.tp_base = &PyBaseObject_Type;
           if (PyType_Ready(&class_type_object))
               return type_handle();
@@ -436,7 +482,7 @@ namespace objects
   BOOST_PYTHON_DECL void*
   find_instance_impl(PyObject* inst, type_info type, bool null_shared_ptr_only)
   {
-      if (inst->ob_type->ob_type != &class_metatype_object)
+      if (Py_TYPE(Py_TYPE(inst)) != &class_metatype_object)
           return 0;
     
       instance<>* self = reinterpret_cast<instance<>*>(inst);
@@ -526,7 +572,7 @@ namespace objects
           d["__doc__"] = doc;
       
       object result = object(class_metatype())(name, bases, d);
-      assert(PyType_IsSubtype(result.ptr()->ob_type, &PyType_Type));
+      assert(PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(result.ptr()), &PyType_Type));
       
       if (scope().ptr() != Py_None)
           scope().attr(name) = result;
@@ -589,8 +635,9 @@ namespace objects
   void class_base::add_static_property(char const* name, object const& fget)
   {
       object property(
-          (python::detail::new_reference)
-          PyObject_CallFunction(static_data(), const_cast<char*>("O"), fget.ptr()));
+          (python::detail::new_reference) 
+          PyObject_CallFunction(static_data(), const_cast<char*>("O"), fget.ptr())
+          );
       
       this->setattr(name, property);
   }
@@ -650,7 +697,7 @@ namespace objects
         ::PyErr_Format(
             PyExc_TypeError
           , const_cast<char*>("staticmethod expects callable object; got an object of type %s, which is not callable")
-            , callable->ob_type->tp_name
+            , Py_TYPE(callable)->tp_name
             );
         
         throw_error_already_set();
@@ -680,18 +727,18 @@ namespace objects
 
 void* instance_holder::allocate(PyObject* self_, std::size_t holder_offset, std::size_t holder_size)
 {
-    assert(self_->ob_type->ob_type == &class_metatype_object);
+    assert(Py_TYPE(Py_TYPE(self_)) == &class_metatype_object);
     objects::instance<>* self = (objects::instance<>*)self_;
     
     int total_size_needed = holder_offset + holder_size;
     
-    if (-self->ob_size >= total_size_needed)
+    if (-Py_SIZE(self) >= total_size_needed)
     {
         // holder_offset should at least point into the variable-sized part
         assert(holder_offset >= offsetof(objects::instance<>,storage));
 
         // Record the fact that the storage is occupied, noting where it starts
-        self->ob_size = holder_offset;
+        Py_SIZE(self) = holder_offset;
         return (char*)self + holder_offset;
     }
     else
@@ -705,9 +752,9 @@ void* instance_holder::allocate(PyObject* self_, std::size_t holder_offset, std:
 
 void instance_holder::deallocate(PyObject* self_, void* storage) throw()
 {
-    assert(self_->ob_type->ob_type == &class_metatype_object);
+    assert(Py_TYPE(Py_TYPE(self_)) == &class_metatype_object);
     objects::instance<>* self = (objects::instance<>*)self_;
-    if (storage != (char*)self + self->ob_size)
+    if (storage != (char*)self + Py_SIZE(self))
     {
         PyMem_Free(storage);
     }

src/object/enum.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace objects {
 
 struct enum_object
 {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    PyLongObject base_object;
+#else
     PyIntObject base_object;
+#endif
     PyObject* name;
 };
 
@@ -32,19 +36,32 @@ extern "C"
 {
     static PyObject* enum_repr(PyObject* self_)
     {
-        const char *mod = PyString_AsString(PyObject_GetAttrString( self_, const_cast<char*>("__module__")));
+        // XXX(bhy) Potentional memory leak here since PyObject_GetAttrString returns a new reference
+        // const char *mod = PyString_AsString(PyObject_GetAttrString( self_, const_cast<char*>("__module__")));
+        PyObject *mod = PyObject_GetAttrString( self_, "__module__");
         enum_object* self = downcast<enum_object>(self_);
         if (!self->name)
         {
-            return PyString_FromFormat("%s.%s(%ld)", mod, self_->ob_type->tp_name, PyInt_AS_LONG(self_));
+            return
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+                PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%s(%ld)", mod, self_->ob_type->tp_name, PyLong_AsLong(self_));
+#else
+                PyString_FromFormat("%s.%s(%ld)", PyString_AsString(mod), self_->ob_type->tp_name, PyInt_AS_LONG(self_));
+#endif
         }
         else
         {
-            char* name = PyString_AsString(self->name);
+            PyObject* name = self->name;
             if (name == 0)
                 return 0;
 
-            return PyString_FromFormat("%s.%s.%s", mod, self_->ob_type->tp_name, name);
+            return
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+                PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%s.%S", mod, self_->ob_type->tp_name, name);
+#else
+                PyString_FromFormat("%s.%s.%s", 
+                        PyString_AsString(mod), self_->ob_type->tp_name, PyString_AsString(name));
+#endif
         }
     }
 
@@ -53,7 +70,11 @@ extern "C"
         enum_object* self = downcast<enum_object>(self_);
         if (!self->name)
         {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+            return PyLong_Type.tp_str(self_);
+#else
             return PyInt_Type.tp_str(self_);
+#endif
         }
         else
         {
@@ -63,8 +84,7 @@ extern "C"
 }
 
 static PyTypeObject enum_type_object = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(0) // &PyType_Type
-    0,
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) // &PyType_Type
     const_cast<char*>("Boost.Python.enum"),
     sizeof(enum_object),                    /* tp_basicsize */
     0,                                      /* tp_itemsize */
@@ -84,7 +104,9 @@ static PyTypeObject enum_type_object = {
     0,                                      /* tp_setattro */
     0,                                      /* tp_as_buffer */
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
     | Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES
+#endif
     | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC
     | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,                  /* tp_flags */
     0,                                      /* tp_doc */
@@ -125,8 +147,12 @@ namespace
   {
       if (enum_type_object.tp_dict == 0)
       {
-          enum_type_object.ob_type = incref(&PyType_Type);
+          Py_TYPE(&enum_type_object) = incref(&PyType_Type);
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+          enum_type_object.tp_base = &PyLong_Type;
+#else
           enum_type_object.tp_base = &PyInt_Type;
+#endif
           if (PyType_Ready(&enum_type_object))
               throw_error_already_set();
       }

src/object/function.cpp

@@ -105,9 +105,9 @@ function::function(
     }
     
     PyObject* p = this;
-    if (function_type.ob_type == 0)
+    if (Py_TYPE(&function_type) == 0)
     {
-        function_type.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
+        Py_TYPE(&function_type) = &PyType_Type;
         ::PyType_Ready(&function_type);
     }
     
@@ -435,9 +435,13 @@ void function::add_to_namespace(
         function* new_func = downcast<function>(attribute.ptr());
         PyObject* dict = 0;
         
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
+        // Old-style class gone in Python 3
         if (PyClass_Check(ns))
             dict = ((PyClassObject*)ns)->cl_dict;
-        else if (PyType_Check(ns))
+        else
+#endif        
+        if (PyType_Check(ns))
             dict = ((PyTypeObject*)ns)->tp_dict;
         else    
             dict = PyObject_GetAttrString(ns, const_cast<char*>("__dict__"));
@@ -595,9 +599,18 @@ extern "C"
     static PyObject *
     function_descr_get(PyObject *func, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type_)
     {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+        // The implement is different in Python 3 because of the removal of unbound method
+        if (obj == Py_None || obj == NULL) {
+            Py_INCREF(func);
+            return func;
+        }
+        return PyMethod_New(func, obj);
+#else
         if (obj == Py_None)
             obj = NULL;
         return PyMethod_New(func, obj, type_);
+#endif
     }
 
     static void
@@ -641,7 +654,11 @@ extern "C"
     {
         function* f = downcast<function>(op);
         if (f->name().ptr() == Py_None)
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+            return PyUnicode_InternFromString("<unnamed Boost.Python function>");
+#else
             return PyString_InternFromString("<unnamed Boost.Python function>");
+#endif
         else
             return python::incref(f->name().ptr());
     }
@@ -665,8 +682,7 @@ static PyGetSetDef function_getsetlist[] = {
 };
 
 PyTypeObject function_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(0)
-    0,
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
     const_cast<char*>("Boost.Python.function"),
     sizeof(function),
     0,

src/object/life_support.cpp

@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ extern "C"
 }
 
 PyTypeObject life_support_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(0)//(&PyType_Type)
-    0,
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)//(&PyType_Type)
     const_cast<char*>("Boost.Python.life_support"),
     sizeof(life_support),
     0,
@@ -92,9 +91,9 @@ PyObject* make_nurse_and_patient(PyObject* nurse, PyObject* patient)
     if (nurse == Py_None || nurse == patient)
         return nurse;
     
-    if (life_support_type.ob_type == 0)
+    if (Py_TYPE(&life_support_type) == 0)
     {
-        life_support_type.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
+        Py_TYPE(&life_support_type) = &PyType_Type;
         PyType_Ready(&life_support_type);
     }
     

src/object_operators.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,13 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DECL object operator op(object const& l, object const& r)  \
 BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(+, Add)
 BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(-, Subtract)
 BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(*, Multiply)
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+// We choose FloorDivide instead of TrueDivide to keep the semantic
+// conform with C/C++'s '/' operator
+BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(/, FloorDivide)
+#else
 BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(/, Divide)
+#endif
 BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(%, Remainder)
 BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(<<, Lshift)
 BOOST_PYTHON_BINARY_OPERATOR(>>, Rshift)
@@ -58,7 +64,12 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DECL object& operator op##=(object& l, object const& r)    \
 BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(+, Add)
 BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(-, Subtract)
 BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(*, Multiply)
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+// Same reason as above for choosing FloorDivide instead of TrueDivide
+BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(/, FloorDivide)
+#else
 BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(/, Divide)
+#endif
 BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(%, Remainder)
 BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(<<, Lshift)
 BOOST_PYTHON_INPLACE_OPERATOR(>>, Rshift)

src/object_protocol.cpp

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ namespace // slicing code copied directly out of the Python implementation
   static PyObject *
   apply_slice(PyObject *u, PyObject *v, PyObject *w) /* return u[v:w] */
   {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
       PyTypeObject *tp = u->ob_type;
       PySequenceMethods *sq = tp->tp_as_sequence;
 
@@ -114,7 +115,9 @@ namespace // slicing code copied directly out of the Python implementation
               return NULL;
           return PySequence_GetSlice(u, ilow, ihigh);
       }
-      else {
+      else 
+#endif
+      {
           PyObject *slice = PySlice_New(v, w, NULL);
           if (slice != NULL) {
               PyObject *res = PyObject_GetItem(u, slice);
@@ -130,6 +133,7 @@ namespace // slicing code copied directly out of the Python implementation
   assign_slice(PyObject *u, PyObject *v, PyObject *w, PyObject *x)
       /* u[v:w] = x */
   {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
       PyTypeObject *tp = u->ob_type;
       PySequenceMethods *sq = tp->tp_as_sequence;
 
@@ -144,7 +148,9 @@ namespace // slicing code copied directly out of the Python implementation
           else
               return PySequence_SetSlice(u, ilow, ihigh, x);
       }
-      else {
+      else 
+#endif
+      {
           PyObject *slice = PySlice_New(v, w, NULL);
           if (slice != NULL) {
               int res;

src/str.cpp

@@ -10,16 +10,33 @@ namespace boost { namespace python { namespace detail {
 detail::new_reference str_base::call(object const& arg_)
 {
     return (detail::new_reference)PyObject_CallFunction(
-        (PyObject*)&PyString_Type, const_cast<char*>("(O)"), 
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+        (PyObject*)&PyUnicode_Type,
+#else
+        (PyObject*)&PyString_Type, 
+#endif
+        const_cast<char*>("(O)"), 
         arg_.ptr());
 } 
 
 str_base::str_base()
-  : object(detail::new_reference(::PyString_FromString("")))
+  : object(detail::new_reference(
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+              ::PyUnicode_FromString("")
+#else
+              ::PyString_FromString("")
+#endif
+            ))
 {}
 
 str_base::str_base(const char* s)
-  : object(detail::new_reference(::PyString_FromString(s)))
+  : object(detail::new_reference(
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+              ::PyUnicode_FromString(s)
+#else
+              ::PyString_FromString(s)
+#endif
+            ))
 {}
 
 namespace {
@@ -38,9 +55,12 @@ namespace {
 str_base::str_base(char const* start, char const* finish)
     : object(
         detail::new_reference(
-            ::PyString_FromStringAndSize(
-                start, str_size_as_py_ssize_t(finish - start)
-            )
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+            ::PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
+#else
+            ::PyString_FromStringAndSize
+#endif
+                (start, str_size_as_py_ssize_t(finish - start))
         )
     )
 {}
@@ -48,9 +68,12 @@ str_base::str_base(char const* start, char const* finish)
 str_base::str_base(char const* start, std::size_t length) // new str
     : object(
         detail::new_reference(
-            ::PyString_FromStringAndSize(
-                start, str_size_as_py_ssize_t(length)
-            )
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+            ::PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
+#else
+            ::PyString_FromStringAndSize
+#endif
+            ( start, str_size_as_py_ssize_t(length) )
         )
     )
 {}
@@ -92,6 +115,7 @@ long str_base::count(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
     return extract<long>(this->attr("count")(sub,start,end));
 }
 
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03000000
 object str_base::decode() const
 {
     return this->attr("decode")();
@@ -106,6 +130,7 @@ object str_base::decode(object_cref encoding, object_cref errors) const
 {
     return this->attr("decode")(encoding,errors);
 }
+#endif
 
 object str_base::encode() const
 {
@@ -122,9 +147,16 @@ object str_base::encode(object_cref encoding, object_cref errors) const
     return this->attr("encode")(encoding,errors);
 }
 
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    #define _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG PyLong_AsLong
+#else
+    #define _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG PyInt_AsLong
+#endif
+
 bool str_base::endswith(object_cref suffix) const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("endswith")(suffix).ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("endswith")(suffix).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -135,7 +167,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DEFINE_STR_METHOD(expandtabs, 1)
 
 long str_base::find(object_cref sub) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("find")(sub).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("find")(sub).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -143,7 +175,7 @@ long str_base::find(object_cref sub) const
 
 long str_base::find(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("find")(sub,start).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("find")(sub,start).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -151,7 +183,7 @@ long str_base::find(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 
 long str_base::find(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("find")(sub,start,end).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("find")(sub,start,end).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -159,7 +191,7 @@ long str_base::find(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 
 long str_base::index(object_cref sub) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("index")(sub).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("index")(sub).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -167,7 +199,7 @@ long str_base::index(object_cref sub) const
 
 long str_base::index(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("index")(sub,start).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("index")(sub,start).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -175,7 +207,7 @@ long str_base::index(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 
 long str_base::index(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("index")(sub,start,end).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("index")(sub,start,end).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -183,7 +215,7 @@ long str_base::index(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 
 bool str_base::isalnum() const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("isalnum")().ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("isalnum")().ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -191,7 +223,7 @@ bool str_base::isalnum() const
 
 bool str_base::isalpha() const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("isalpha")().ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("isalpha")().ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -199,7 +231,7 @@ bool str_base::isalpha() const
 
 bool str_base::isdigit() const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("isdigit")().ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("isdigit")().ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -207,7 +239,7 @@ bool str_base::isdigit() const
 
 bool str_base::islower() const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("islower")().ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("islower")().ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -215,7 +247,7 @@ bool str_base::islower() const
 
 bool str_base::isspace() const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("isspace")().ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("isspace")().ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -223,7 +255,7 @@ bool str_base::isspace() const
 
 bool str_base::istitle() const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("istitle")().ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("istitle")().ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -231,7 +263,7 @@ bool str_base::istitle() const
 
 bool str_base::isupper() const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("isupper")().ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("isupper")().ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -246,7 +278,7 @@ BOOST_PYTHON_DEFINE_STR_METHOD(replace, 3)
 
 long str_base::rfind(object_cref sub) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("rfind")(sub).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("rfind")(sub).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -254,7 +286,7 @@ long str_base::rfind(object_cref sub) const
 
 long str_base::rfind(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("rfind")(sub,start).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("rfind")(sub,start).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -262,7 +294,7 @@ long str_base::rfind(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 
 long str_base::rfind(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("rfind")(sub,start,end).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("rfind")(sub,start,end).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -270,7 +302,7 @@ long str_base::rfind(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 
 long str_base::rindex(object_cref sub) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("rindex")(sub).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("rindex")(sub).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -278,7 +310,7 @@ long str_base::rindex(object_cref sub) const
 
 long str_base::rindex(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("rindex")(sub,start).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("rindex")(sub,start).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -286,7 +318,7 @@ long str_base::rindex(object_cref sub, object_cref start) const
 
 long str_base::rindex(object_cref sub, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 {
-    long result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("rindex")(sub,start,end).ptr());
+    long result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("rindex")(sub,start,end).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -322,7 +354,7 @@ list str_base::splitlines(object_cref keepends) const
 
 bool str_base::startswith(object_cref prefix) const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("startswith")(prefix).ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("startswith")(prefix).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -330,7 +362,7 @@ bool str_base::startswith(object_cref prefix) const
 
 bool str_base::startswith(object_cref prefix, object_cref start) const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("startswith")(prefix,start).ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("startswith")(prefix,start).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
@@ -338,12 +370,14 @@ bool str_base::startswith(object_cref prefix, object_cref start) const
 
 bool str_base::startswith(object_cref prefix, object_cref start, object_cref end) const
 {
-    bool result = PyInt_AsLong(this->attr("startswith")(prefix,start,end).ptr());
+    bool result = _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG(this->attr("startswith")(prefix,start,end).ptr());
     if (PyErr_Occurred())
         throw_error_already_set();
     return result;
 }
 
+#undef _BOOST_PYTHON_ASLONG
+
 BOOST_PYTHON_DEFINE_STR_METHOD(strip, 0)
 BOOST_PYTHON_DEFINE_STR_METHOD(swapcase, 0)
 BOOST_PYTHON_DEFINE_STR_METHOD(title, 0)
@@ -357,7 +391,12 @@ static struct register_str_pytype_ptr
     {
         const_cast<converter::registration &>(
             converter::registry::lookup(boost::python::type_id<boost::python::str>())
-            ).m_class_object = &PyString_Type;
+            )
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+            .m_class_object = &PyUnicode_Type;
+#else
+            .m_class_object = &PyString_Type;
+#endif
     }
 }register_str_pytype_ptr_;