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graph/doc/connected_components.html
Jeremy Siek 572382815b fixed dynamic_components
[SVN r9526]
2001-03-09 16:30:00 +00:00

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<Head>
<Title>Boost Graph Library: Connected Components</Title>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ee" TEXT="#000000" VLINK="#551a8b"
ALINK="#ff0000">
<IMG SRC="../../../c++boost.gif"
ALT="C++ Boost" width="277" height="86">
<BR Clear>
<H1>
<A NAME="sec:connected-components"></A><A NAME="sec:strongly-connected-components"></A>
<TT>connected_components</TT>
</H1>
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="left">
<TABLE CELLPADDING=3 border>
<TR><TH ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Graphs:</B></TH>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">see below</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TH ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Properties:</B></TH>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">components, color</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TH ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Complexity:</B></TH>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><i>O(V + E)</i></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV>
<P>
<PRE>
(2)
template &lt;class VertexListGraph, class ComponentMap, class ColorMap&gt;
typename property_traits&lt;ComponentMap&gt;::value_type
connected_components(VertexListGraph&amp; G, ComponentMap comp, ColorMap color);
(2)
template &lt;class VertexListGraph,
class ComponentMap, class ColorMap, class DFSVisitor&gt;
typename property_traits&lt;ComponentMap&gt;::value_type
connected_components(VertexListGraph&amp; G, ComponentMap comp, ColorMap color,
DFSVisitor v);
</PRE>
<P>
The <TT>connected_components()</TT> functions compute the connected
components of an undirected graph using a DFS-based approach. If the
connected-components are to be calculated over and over while a graph
is changing the disjoint-set based approach of function
<TT>dynamic_connected_components()</TT> is faster. For ``static''
graphs this DFS-based approach is faster&nbsp;[<A
HREF="bibliography.html#clr90">8</A>].
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
The output of the algorithm is recorded in the component property
map <TT>comp</TT>, which will contain numbers giving the component ID
assigned to each vertex. The number of components is the return value
of the function.
<P>
The algorithm requires the use of several property maps: color,
discover time, and finish time. There are several versions of this
algorithm to accommodate whether you wish to use interior or exterior
property maps.
<P>
<H3>Where Defined</H3>
<P>
<a href="../../../boost/graph/connected_components.hpp"><TT>boost/graph/connected_components.hpp</TT></a>
<P>
<H3>Definitions</H3>
<P>
A <b><I>connected component</I></b> of an undirected graph is a set of
vertices that are all reachable from each other.
<P>
<H3>Requirements on Types</H3>
<P>
<UL>
<LI>The graph type must be a model of <a
href="./VertexListGraph.html">VertexListGraph</a>.
</LI>
<LI>The <TT>ComponentMap</TT> type must be a model of <a
href="../../property_map/WritablePropertyMap.html">WritablePropertyMap</a>. The
value type of the <TT>ComponentMap</TT> property map should be
an integer type, preferably the same as the <TT>size_type</TT> of
the graph. The key type should be the graph's vertex descriptor
type.
</LI>
<LI>The <TT>ColorMap</TT> map must be a <a
href="../../property_map/ReadWritePropertyMap.html">ReadWritePropertyMap</a>
and the graph's vertex descriptor type should be usable as the
map's key type. The value type of the map must be a
model of <I>ColorValue</I>.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
<H3>Complexity</H3>
<P>
The time complexity for the connected components algorithm is also
<i>O(V + E)</i>.
<P>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="./strong_components.html"><tt>strong_components()</tt></a>
and <a href="./incremental_components.html"><tt>incremental_components()</tt></a>
<H3>Example</H3>
<P>
Calculating the connected components of an undirected graph. The
complete source is in file <a
href="../example/connected_components.cpp"><tt>examples/connected_components.cpp</tt></a>.
<P>
<PRE>
typedef discover_time_property&lt; finish_time_property
&lt; color_property&lt;&gt; &gt; &gt; VertexProperty;
typedef adjacency_list &lt;vecS, vecS, undirectedS, VertexProperty&gt; Graph;
typedef graph_traits&lt;Graph&gt;::vertex_descriptor Vertex;
const int N = 6;
Graph G(N);
add_edge(0, 1, G);
add_edge(1, 4, G);
add_edge(4, 0, G);
add_edge(2, 5, G);
std::vector&lt;int&gt; c(num_vertices(G));
int num = connected_components(G, c.begin(),
get_color_map(G), null_visitor());
cout &lt;&lt; endl;
std::vector&lt;int&gt;::iterator i;
cout &lt;&lt; "Total number of components: " &lt;&lt; num &lt;&lt; endl;
for (i = c.begin(); i != c.end(); ++i)
cout &lt;&lt; "Vertex " &lt;&lt; i - c.begin()
&lt;&lt; " is in component " &lt;&lt; *i &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; endl;
</PRE>
The output is:
<PRE>
Total number of components: 3
Vertex 0 is in component 1
Vertex 1 is in component 1
Vertex 2 is in component 2
Vertex 3 is in component 3
Vertex 4 is in component 1
Vertex 5 is in component 2
</PRE>
<P>
<br>
<HR>
<TABLE>
<TR valign=top>
<TD nowrap>Copyright &copy 2000</TD><TD>
<A HREF="../../../people/jeremy_siek.htm">Jeremy Siek</A>, Univ.of Notre Dame (<A HREF="mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</A>)
</TD></TR></TABLE>
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