diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/area.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/area.hpp
index efa1b2c24..c7992bd72 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/area.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/area.hpp
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include <boost/geometry/util/math.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/util/order_as_direction.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp>
 
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/centroid.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/centroid.hpp
index e9a9d113a..d9516b989 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/centroid.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/centroid.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/iterators/segment_returning_iterator.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/strategies/centroid.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/strategies/concepts/centroid_concept.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/util/copy.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/util/for_each_coordinate.hpp>
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segments.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segments.hpp
index d8268137f..4f42c4116 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segments.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segments.hpp
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/geometries/concepts/check.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/iterators/ever_circling_iterator.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/iterators/range_type.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp>
 
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp
index 2d709c194..4a40044b5 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/geometries/concepts/check.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/geometry/util/math.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/geometry/geometries/box.hpp>
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/overlay/segment_identifier.hpp>
 
 
-#include <boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/combine.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/distance.hpp>
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ class get_turns_in_sections
 
     typedef typename reversible_view
         <
-            cview_type1 const, 
+            cview_type1 const,
             Reverse1 ? iterate_reverse : iterate_forward
         >::type view_type1;
     typedef typename reversible_view
         <
-            cview_type2 const, 
+            cview_type2 const,
             Reverse2 ? iterate_reverse : iterate_forward
         >::type view_type2;
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp
similarity index 91%
rename from include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp
rename to include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp
index 46b519a6b..7b7040fcd 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp
@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
 // Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
-#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_GET_FULL_SECTION_HPP
-#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_GET_FULL_SECTION_HPP
+#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_RANGE_BY_SECTION_HPP
+#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_RANGE_BY_SECTION_HPP
 
-// TODO rename to "range_by_section"
 
 #include <boost/mpl/assert.hpp>
 #include <boost/range.hpp>
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ struct range_by_section<polygon_tag, Polygon, Section>
     \param section structure with section
  */
 template <typename Geometry, typename Section>
-inline typename ring_return_type<Geometry const>::type 
+inline typename ring_return_type<Geometry const>::type
             range_by_section(Geometry const& geometry, Section const& section)
 {
     concept::check<Geometry const>();
@@ -125,4 +124,4 @@ inline typename ring_return_type<Geometry const>::type
 
 }} // namespace boost::geometry
 
-#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_GET_FULL_SECTION_HPP
+#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_RANGE_BY_SECTION_HPP
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/sectionalize.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/sectionalize.hpp
index cf7a5f7aa..5fb4e9113 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/sectionalize.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/sectionalize.hpp
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 
 #include <boost/geometry/geometries/concepts/check.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/util/math.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/geometries/segment.hpp>
 
 
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ struct sectionalize_range
     typedef typename closeable_view<Range const, Closure>::type cview_type;
     typedef typename reversible_view
         <
-            cview_type const, 
+            cview_type const,
             Reverse ? iterate_reverse : iterate_forward
         >::type view_type;
 
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ struct sectionalize<box_tag, Box, Reverse, Sections, DimensionCount, MaxCount>
 
 template
 <
-    typename LineString, 
+    typename LineString,
     typename Sections,
     std::size_t DimensionCount,
     std::size_t MaxCount
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/distance.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/distance.hpp
index 3bb0326ae..fa5e617f5 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/distance.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/distance.hpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/assign.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/within.hpp>
 
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/util/math.hpp>
 
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/length.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/length.hpp
index 587905e5c..ce24478d3 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/length.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/length.hpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/assign.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/calculate_null.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/strategies/distance.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/strategies/length_result.hpp>
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/num_points.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/num_points.hpp
index ab64f9449..e1b4872c3 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/num_points.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/num_points.hpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct range_count
     static inline std::size_t apply(Range const& range, bool add_for_open)
     {
         std::size_t n = boost::size(range);
-        if (add_for_open)
+        if (add_for_open && n > 0)
         {
             closure_selector const s = geometry::closure<Range>::value;
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/within.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/within.hpp
index 57bd47057..cd299162f 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/within.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/algorithms/within.hpp
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/strategies/within.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/strategies/concepts/within_concept.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/util/order_as_direction.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp>
 
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/core/ring_type.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/core/ring_type.hpp
index b161a205f..ed0ba39c8 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/core/ring_type.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/core/ring_type.hpp
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ struct ring_return_type
 template <typename LineString>
 struct ring_return_type<linestring_tag, LineString>
 {
-    typedef LineString type;
+    typedef LineString& type;
 };
 
 
 template <typename Ring>
 struct ring_return_type<ring_tag, Ring>
 {
-    typedef Ring type;
+    typedef Ring& type;
 };
 
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp
index b3104fb66..ca25f8830 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/get_turns.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/distance.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/iterators/range_type.hpp>
 
-#include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/sectionalize.hpp>
 
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp
similarity index 86%
rename from include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp
rename to include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp
index 096ec89ea..93456b5e8 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 // Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
-#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_MULTI_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_GET_FULL_SECTION_HPP
-#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_MULTI_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_GET_FULL_SECTION_HPP
+#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_MULTI_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_RANGE_BY_SECTION_HPP
+#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_MULTI_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_RANGE_BY_SECTION_HPP
 
 
 #include <boost/assert.hpp>
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/core/tags.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/core/ring_type.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp>
 
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
@@ -81,4 +81,4 @@ struct range_by_section<multi_polygon_tag, MultiPolygon, Section>
 
 }} // namespace boost::geometry
 
-#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_MULTI_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_GET_FULL_SECTION_HPP
+#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_MULTI_ALGORITHMS_DETAIL_SECTIONS_RANGE_BY_SECTION_HPP
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/intersection.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/intersection.hpp
index d06093ce0..3768f78d9 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/intersection.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/intersection.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segments.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segment_point.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/add_to_containment.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/sectionalize.hpp>
 
 
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/union.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/union.hpp
index bf11a9084..73ae2e04a 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/union.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/union.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segments.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/copy_segment_point.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/overlay/add_to_containment.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/get_full_section.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/range_by_section.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/multi/algorithms/detail/sections/sectionalize.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/util/order_as_direction.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/util/order_as_direction.hpp
index 11e0e7de0..1c84b207a 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/util/order_as_direction.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/util/order_as_direction.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #define BOOST_GEOMETRY_UTIL_ORDER_AS_DIRECTION_HPP
 
 #include <boost/geometry/core/point_order.hpp>
-#include <boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp>
 
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp
similarity index 86%
rename from include/boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp
rename to include/boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp
index c4e41949e..6b1980d60 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/util/closeable_view.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/views/closeable_view.hpp
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 // Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
-#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_UTIL_CLOSEABLE_VIEW_HPP
-#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_UTIL_CLOSEABLE_VIEW_HPP
+#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_CLOSEABLE_VIEW_HPP
+#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_CLOSEABLE_VIEW_HPP
 
 
 #include <boost/range.hpp>
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/core/tags.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/iterators/closing_iterator.hpp>
 
+#include <boost/geometry/views/identity_view.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
 {
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ struct closeable_view {};
 template <typename Range>
 struct closeable_view<Range, closed>
 {
-    typedef Range type;
+    typedef identity_view<Range> type;
 };
 
 
@@ -70,4 +71,4 @@ struct closeable_view<Range, open>
 }} // namespace boost::geometry
 
 
-#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_UTIL_CLOSEABLE_VIEW_HPP
+#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_CLOSEABLE_VIEW_HPP
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/views/identity_view.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/views/identity_view.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b48b6ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/views/identity_view.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Boost.Geometry (aka GGL, Generic Geometry Library)
+//
+// Copyright Barend Gehrels 2010, Geodan, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
+// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software License,
+// Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_IDENTITY_VIEW_HPP
+#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_IDENTITY_VIEW_HPP
+
+
+#include <boost/range.hpp>
+
+
+namespace boost { namespace geometry
+{
+
+
+template <typename Range>
+struct identity_view
+{
+    typedef typename boost::range_iterator<Range const>::type const_iterator;
+    typedef typename boost::range_iterator<Range>::type iterator;
+
+    explicit inline identity_view(Range& r)
+        : m_range(r)
+    {}
+
+    inline const_iterator begin() const { return boost::begin(m_range); }
+    inline const_iterator end() const { return boost::end(m_range); }
+
+    inline iterator begin() { return boost::begin(m_range); }
+    inline iterator end() { return boost::end(m_range); }
+private :
+    Range& m_range;
+};
+
+
+}} // namespace boost::geometry
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_IDENTITY_VIEW_HPP
diff --git a/include/boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp b/include/boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp
similarity index 76%
rename from include/boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp
rename to include/boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp
index 41669524c..853304b00 100644
--- a/include/boost/geometry/util/reversible_view.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/geometry/views/reversible_view.hpp
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 // Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
-#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_UTIL_REVERSIBLE_VIEW_HPP
-#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_UTIL_REVERSIBLE_VIEW_HPP
+#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_REVERSIBLE_VIEW_HPP
+#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_REVERSIBLE_VIEW_HPP
 
 
 #include <boost/range.hpp>
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <boost/geometry/core/tag.hpp>
 #include <boost/geometry/core/tags.hpp>
 
+#include <boost/geometry/views/identity_view.hpp>
 
 namespace boost { namespace geometry
 {
@@ -30,12 +31,12 @@ struct reversible_view {};
 template <typename Range>
 struct reversible_view<Range, iterate_forward>
 {
-    typedef Range type;
+    typedef identity_view<Range> type;
 };
 
 
 template <typename Range>
-struct reversible_view<Range, iterate_reverse> 
+struct reversible_view<Range, iterate_reverse>
 {
     typedef boost::range_detail::reverse_range<Range> type;
 };
@@ -43,4 +44,4 @@ struct reversible_view<Range, iterate_reverse>
 }} // namespace boost::geometry
 
 
-#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_UTIL_REVERSIBLE_VIEW_HPP
+#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_VIEWS_REVERSIBLE_VIEW_HPP