//          Copyright Nat Goodspeed 2015.
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
//    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
//          http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

#include <boost/fiber/all.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <exception>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>                // std::min()
#include <errno.h>                  // EWOULDBLOCK
#include <cassert>

/*****************************************************************************
*   example nonblocking API
*****************************************************************************/
class NonblockingAPI
{
public:
    NonblockingAPI();

    // nonblocking operation: may return EWOULDBLOCK
    int read(std::string& data, std::size_t desired);

    // for simulating a real nonblocking API
    void set_data(const std::string& data, std::size_t chunksize);
    void inject_error(int ec);

private:
    std::string data_;
    int injected_;
    unsigned tries_;
    std::size_t chunksize_;
};

/*****************************************************************************
*   fake NonblockingAPI implementation... pay no attention to the little man
*   behind the curtain...
*****************************************************************************/
NonblockingAPI::NonblockingAPI():
    injected_(0),
    tries_(0),
    chunksize_(9999)
{}

void NonblockingAPI::set_data(const std::string& data, std::size_t chunksize)
{
    data_ = data;
    chunksize_ = chunksize;
    // This delimits the start of a new test. Reset state.
    injected_ = 0;
    tries_ = 0;
}

void NonblockingAPI::inject_error(int ec)
{
    injected_ = ec;
}

int NonblockingAPI::read(std::string& data, std::size_t desired)
{
    // in case of error
    data.clear();

    if (injected_)
    {
        // copy injected_ because we're about to reset it
        auto injected(injected_);
        injected_ = 0;
        // after an error situation, restart success count
        tries_ = 0;
        return injected;
    }

    if (++tries_ < 5)
    {
        // no injected error, but the resource isn't yet ready
        return EWOULDBLOCK;
    }

    // tell caller there's nothing left
    if (data_.empty())
        return EOF;

    // okay, finally have some data
    // but return minimum of desired and chunksize_
    std::size_t size((std::min)(desired, chunksize_));
    data = data_.substr(0, size);
    // strip off what we just returned
    data_ = data_.substr(size);
    // reset I/O retries count for next time
    tries_ = 0;
    // success
    return 0;
}

/*****************************************************************************
*   adapters
*****************************************************************************/
// guaranteed not to return EWOULDBLOCK
int read_chunk(NonblockingAPI& api, std::string& data, std::size_t desired)
{
    int error;
    while ((error = api.read(data, desired)) == EWOULDBLOCK)
    {
        // not ready yet -- try again on the next iteration of the
        // application's main loop
        boost::this_fiber::yield();
    }
    return error;
}

// keep reading until desired length, EOF or error
// may return both partial data and nonzero error
int read_desired(NonblockingAPI& api, std::string& data, std::size_t desired)
{
    // we're going to accumulate results into 'data'
    data.clear();
    std::string chunk;
    int error = 0;
    while (data.length() < desired &&
           (error = read_chunk(api, chunk, desired - data.length())) == 0)
    {
        data.append(chunk);
    }
    return error;
}

// exception class augmented with both partially-read data and errorcode
class IncompleteRead: public std::runtime_error
{
public:
    IncompleteRead(const std::string& what, const std::string& partial, int ec):
        std::runtime_error(what),
        partial_(partial),
        ec_(ec)
    {}

    std::string get_partial() const
    {
        return partial_;
    }

    int get_errorcode() const
    {
        return ec_;
    }

private:
    std::string partial_;
    int ec_;
};

// read all desired data or throw IncompleteRead
std::string read(NonblockingAPI& api, std::size_t desired)
{
    std::string data;
    int ec(read_desired(api, data, desired));

    // for present purposes, EOF isn't a failure
    if (ec == 0 || ec == EOF)
        return data;

    // oh oh, partial read
    std::ostringstream msg;
    msg << "NonblockingAPI::read() error " << ec << " after "
        << data.length() << " of " << desired << " characters";
    throw IncompleteRead(msg.str(), data, ec);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    NonblockingAPI api;
    const std::string sample_data("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");

    // Try just reading directly from NonblockingAPI
    api.set_data(sample_data, 5);
    std::string data;
    int ec = api.read(data, 13);
    // whoops, underlying resource not ready
    assert(ec == EWOULDBLOCK);
    assert(data.empty());

    // successful read()
    api.set_data(sample_data, 5);
    data = read(api, 13);
    assert(data == "abcdefghijklm");

    // read() with error
    api.set_data(sample_data, 5);
    // don't accidentally pick either EOF or EWOULDBLOCK
    assert(EOF != 1);
    assert(EWOULDBLOCK != 1);
    api.inject_error(1);
    int thrown = 0;
    try
    {
        data = read(api, 13);
    }
    catch (const IncompleteRead& e)
    {
        thrown = e.get_errorcode();
    }
    assert(thrown == 1);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}