diff --git a/new/alias.jam b/new/alias.jam
index 587b019c0..b4cb60e60 100644
--- a/new/alias.jam
+++ b/new/alias.jam
@@ -24,32 +24,33 @@
 #
 
 import targets ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import property ;
 import errors : error ;
 import type : type ;
 import regex ;
 
-rule alias-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+xclass alias-target-class : basic-target 
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
-                          : $(default-build) ;
-    
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
+          : $(default-build) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         return $(source-targets) ;
     }   
 }
 
-class alias-target-class : basic-target ;
-
 # Declares the 'alias' target. It will build sources, and return them unaltered.
 rule alias ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
 {
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new alias-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
+      [ xnew alias-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
         : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(name) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ] 
diff --git a/new/builtin.jam b/new/builtin.jam
index 947f18ca7..d0884d215 100644
--- a/new/builtin.jam
+++ b/new/builtin.jam
@@ -379,14 +379,17 @@ type.set-scanner CPP : c-scanner ;
 type.register H : h hpp ;
 type.register C : c ;
 
-rule lib-target-class ( name : project 
-    : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
-{    
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
-      : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
+xclass lib-target-class : basic-target
+{
+    import generators : construct : generators.construct ;    
     
-    import generators : construct : generators.construct ;
-            
+    rule __init__ ( name : project 
+        : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+    {    
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
+          : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
+    }
+                
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {        
         local properties = [ $(property-set).raw ] ;
@@ -423,7 +426,6 @@ rule lib-target-class ( name : project
     }
     
 }
-class lib-target-class : basic-target ;
 
 rule lib ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build * 
     : usage-requirements * )
@@ -433,7 +435,7 @@ rule lib ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build *
     # This is a circular module dependency, so it must be imported here
     import targets ;
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new lib-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
+      [ xnew lib-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
         : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(name) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ]
diff --git a/new/make.jam b/new/make.jam
index 7b36e7856..9e7b988ec 100644
--- a/new/make.jam
+++ b/new/make.jam
@@ -13,16 +13,20 @@ import type : type ;
 import regex ;
 import property-set ;
 
-rule make-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
-                         : make-rule + : default-build * )
+xclass make-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    import type regex virtual-target ;
+    import type regex virtual-target ;    
+    import class : xnew ;
     
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
-                          : $(default-build) ;
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
+        : make-rule + : default-build * )
+    {     
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
+          : $(default-build) ;
        
-    self.make-rule = $(make-rule) ;    
-    
+        self.make-rule = $(make-rule) ;    
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         local t = [ xnew file-target $(self.name:S=) : [ type.type $(self.name:S) ]
@@ -34,7 +38,6 @@ rule make-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements *
         return [ virtual-target.register $(t) ] ;
     }   
 }
-class make-target-class : basic-target ;
 
 # Declares the 'make' main target.
 rule make ( target-name : sources * : generating-rule + : requirements * 
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ rule make ( target-name : sources * : generating-rule + : requirements *
     }
     
    targets.main-target-alternative
-     [ new make-target-class $(target-name) : $(caller) 
+     [ xnew make-target-class $(target-name) : $(caller) 
        : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(target-name) ] 
        : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(caller) ] 
        : $(generating-rule) 
diff --git a/new/project.jam b/new/project.jam
index 03fccc2c5..74af9a763 100644
--- a/new/project.jam
+++ b/new/project.jam
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ import errors : error ;
 import project-roots ;
 
 import print ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import errors ;
 import assert ;
 import property-set ;
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ rule target ( project-module )
 {
     if ! $(.target.$(project-module))
     {
-        .target.$(project-module) = [ new project-target $(project-module) 
+        .target.$(project-module) = [ xnew project-target $(project-module) 
           : $(project-module) 
            : [ attribute $(project-module) requirements ] ] ;
     }
diff --git a/new/stage.jam b/new/stage.jam
index 2e2434dee..51a2fefb1 100644
--- a/new/stage.jam
+++ b/new/stage.jam
@@ -36,13 +36,17 @@ import type ;
 import regex ;
 import generators ;
 
-rule stage-target-class ( name-and-dir : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+xclass stage-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name-and-dir) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
-                          : $(default-build) ;
-    
-    import feature project type errors generators ;
+    import feature project type errors generators ;    
+    import class : xnew ;
     
+    rule __init__ ( name-and-dir : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name-and-dir) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
+          : $(default-build) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         local name = [ $(property-set).get <name> ] ;
@@ -107,8 +111,6 @@ rule stage-target-class ( name-and-dir : project : sources * : requirements * :
     
 }
 
-class stage-target-class : basic-target ;
-
 # Declare staged version of the EXE type. Generator for this type will
 # cause relinking to the new location.
 type.register STAGED_EXE : : EXE ;
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ rule stage ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new stage-target-class $(name) : $(project) : $(sources)
+      [ xnew stage-target-class $(name) : $(project) : $(sources)
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ] 
       ] ;
diff --git a/new/symlink.jam b/new/symlink.jam
index 89bcc6ef6..66f997ce2 100644
--- a/new/symlink.jam
+++ b/new/symlink.jam
@@ -14,39 +14,42 @@ feature.feature symlink-location : project-relative build-relative : incidental
 
 # The class representing "symlink" targets.
 #
-rule symlink-targets (
-    project
-    : targets *
-    : sources *
-    )
+xclass symlink-targets : basic-target
 {
     import numbers modules class property project ;
     
-    # Generate a fake name for now. Need unnamed targets eventually.
-    local c = [ modules.peek symlink : .count ] ;
-    modules.poke symlink : .count : [ numbers.increment $(c) ] ;
-    local fake-name = symlink#$(c) ;
+    rule __init__ (
+      project
+        : targets *
+        : sources *
+    )
+    {    
+        # Generate a fake name for now. Need unnamed targets eventually.
+        local c = [ modules.peek symlink : .count ] ;
+        modules.poke symlink : .count : [ numbers.increment $(c) ] ;
+        local fake-name = symlink#$(c) ;
     
-    basic-target.__init__ $(fake-name) : $(project) : $(sources) ;
+          basic-target.__init__ $(fake-name) : $(project) : $(sources) ;
     
-    # Remember the targets to map the sources onto. Pad or truncate
-    # to fit the sources given.
-    self.targets = ;
-    for local source in $(sources)
-    {
-        if $(targets)
+        # Remember the targets to map the sources onto. Pad or truncate
+        # to fit the sources given.
+        self.targets = ;
+        for local source in $(sources)
         {
-            self.targets += $(targets[1]) ;
-            targets = $(targets[2-]) ;
+            if $(targets)
+            {
+                self.targets += $(targets[1]) ;
+                targets = $(targets[2-]) ;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                self.targets += $(source) ;
+            }
         }
-        else
-        {
-            self.targets += $(source) ;
-        }
-    }
     
-    # The virtual targets corresponding to the given targets.
-    self.virtual-targets = ;
+        # The virtual targets corresponding to the given targets.
+        self.virtual-targets = ;
+    }    
     
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
@@ -71,7 +74,6 @@ rule symlink-targets (
         return $(self.virtual-targets) ;
     }
 }
-class.class symlink-targets : basic-target ;
 
 # Creates a symbolic link from a set of targets to a set of sources.
 # The targets and sources map one to one. The symlinks generated are
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ rule symlink (
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     return [ targets.main-target-alternative
-        [ class.new symlink-targets $(project) : $(targets) : 
+        [ class.xnew symlink-targets $(project) : $(targets) : 
           # Note: inline targets are not supported for symlink, intentionally,
           # since it's used to linking existing non-local targets.
           $(sources) ] ] ;
diff --git a/new/targets.jam b/new/targets.jam
index ec681f0a2..c591d695d 100644
--- a/new/targets.jam
+++ b/new/targets.jam
@@ -80,19 +80,22 @@ import path ;
 import set ;
 
 # Base class for all abstract targets.
-rule abstract-target ( name      # name of the target in Jamfile
-                       : project # the project module where the target is declared
-                     )
+xclass abstract-target 
 {
-    import project ;
+    import project ;    
     
-    # Note: it might seem that we don't need either name or project at all.
-    # However, there are places where we really need it. One example is error
-    # messages which should name problematic targets. Another is setting correct
-    # paths for sources and generated files.
-
-    self.name = $(name) ;
-    self.project = $(project) ;
+    rule __init__ ( name      # name of the target in Jamfile
+        : project # the project module where the target is declared
+    )
+    {        
+        # Note: it might seem that we don't need either name or project at all.
+        # However, there are places where we really need it. One example is error
+        # messages which should name problematic targets. Another is setting correct
+        # paths for sources and generated files.
+        
+        self.name = $(name) ;
+        self.project = $(project) ;
+    }    
     
     # Returns the name of this target.
     rule name ( )
@@ -144,7 +147,6 @@ rule abstract-target ( name      # name of the target in Jamfile
         self.name = $(new-name) ;
     }        
 }
-class abstract-target ;
 
 #  Project target class (derived from 'abstract-target')
 #
@@ -162,19 +164,23 @@ class abstract-target ;
 #    targets.
 #  - The first time 'main-target' or 'has-main-target' rule is called,
 #    all alternatives are enumerated an main targets are created.
-rule project-target ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
+xclass project-target : abstract-target 
 {
     import project targets ;
     import path ;
     import print ;
     import property-set ;
     import set : difference : set.difference ;
+    import class : xnew ;
+        
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
+    {    
+        abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+        
+        self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
+        self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
+    }
     
-    abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-
-    self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
-    self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
-
     rule set-property-adjuster ( property-adjuster )
     {
         for local t in [ targets-to-build ] 
@@ -297,7 +303,7 @@ rule project-target ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
             if ! $(target)
             {
                 self.main-target.$(name) = 
-                  [ new main-target $(name) : $(self.project) ] ;
+                  [ xnew main-target $(name) : $(self.project) ] ;
                 self.main-targets += $(name) ;
                 target = $(self.main-target.$(name)) ;
             }
@@ -329,8 +335,6 @@ rule project-target ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
     }    
     
 }
-class project-target : abstract-target ;
-
 
 
 # Helper rules to detect cycles in main target references
@@ -358,10 +362,8 @@ local rule end-building ( main-target-instance )
 
 
 # A named top-level target in Jamfile
-rule main-target ( name : project )
+xclass main-target : abstract-target
 {
-    abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-
     import errors : error ;
     import assert ;
     import numbers : range ;
@@ -369,6 +371,13 @@ rule main-target ( name : project )
     import print ;
     import build-request feature property-set ;
     import targets : start-building end-building ;
+    import class : is-a ;
+        
+    rule __init__ ( name : project )
+    {
+        abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+    }
+    
         
     # Add a new alternative for this target
     rule add-alternative ( target )
@@ -528,8 +537,6 @@ rule main-target ( name : project )
     
 }
 
-class main-target : abstract-target ;
-
 # Helper for 'find', below.
 local rule remove-trailing-slash ( string )
 {
@@ -759,40 +766,42 @@ rule generate-dependencies ( property-set : project : generation-ps )
 # alternative from sources. Allows sources to be either file or
 # other main target and handles generation of those dependency
 # targets.
-rule basic-target ( name : project
-                    : sources * : requirements * : 
-                      [property-set] default-build * : usage-requirements * )
-{        
-    abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-    
+xclass basic-target : abstract-target
+{
     import build-request ;
     import virtual-target targets ;
     import property-set ;
     import set sequence errors ;
-
-    self.sources = $(sources) ;
-    if ! $(requirements) {
-        requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
-    }    
-    self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
-    if ! $(default-build) 
-    {
-        default-build = [ property-set.empty ] ;
-    }    
-    self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
-    if ! $(usage-requirements)
-    {
-        usage-requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
-    }    
-    self.usage-requirements = $(usage-requirements) ;
-
-    if $(sources:G)
-    {
-        errors.error "gristed element in sources for" [ full-name ] ;
+    import class : new xnew ;
+        
+    rule __init__ ( name : project
+        : sources * : requirements * : 
+        default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+    {        
+        abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+    
+        self.sources = $(sources) ;
+        if ! $(requirements) {
+            requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
+        }    
+        self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
+        if ! $(default-build) 
+        {
+            default-build = [ property-set.empty ] ;
+        }    
+        self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
+        if ! $(usage-requirements)
+        {
+            usage-requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
+        }    
+        self.usage-requirements = $(usage-requirements) ;
+        
+        if $(sources:G)
+        {
+            errors.error "gristed element in sources for" [ full-name ] ;
+        }
     }
-    
-    
-    
+                
     rule default-build ( )
     {
         return $(self.default-build) ;
@@ -1032,18 +1041,19 @@ rule basic-target ( name : project
     }
 }
 
-class basic-target : abstract-target ;
-
-rule typed-target ( name : project : type 
-    : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+xclass typed-target : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
-      : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
-    
-    import generators ;
-    
-    self.type = $(type) ;
+    import generators ;    
     
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : type 
+    : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
+          : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
+        
+        self.type = $(type) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         local r = [ generators.construct $(self.project) $(self.name) : $(self.type) 
@@ -1059,7 +1069,6 @@ rule typed-target ( name : project : type
         return $(r) ;
     }            
 }
-class typed-target : basic-target ;
 
 # Return the list of sources to use, if main target rule is invoked
 # with 'sources'. If there are any objects in 'sources', they are treated
diff --git a/new/testing.jam b/new/testing.jam
index ef5c67b7d..fcb83e4db 100644
--- a/new/testing.jam
+++ b/new/testing.jam
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ import toolset ;
 # lanch test programs. 
 feature.feature testing.launcher : : optional free ;
 
-rule unit-test-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
-                         : default-build * )
+xclass unit-test-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    typed-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : EXE : $(sources) 
-      : $(requirements) : $(default-build) ;
-       
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
+                         : default-build * )
+    {
+        typed-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : EXE : $(sources) 
+          : $(requirements) : $(default-build) ;
+    }
+           
     rule construct ( source-targets * : properties * )
     {
         local result = 
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ rule unit-test ( target-name : sources * : requirements * )
             
     # TODO: what to do with default build?
     targets.main-target-alternative 
-      [ new unit-test-target-class $(target-name) : $(project) : $(sources)
+      [ xnew unit-test-target-class $(target-name) : $(project) : $(sources)
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ]
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ]
       ] ;
diff --git a/new/type.jam b/new/type.jam
index 77b67ec7c..1c54cc665 100644
--- a/new/type.jam
+++ b/new/type.jam
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 import feature ;
 import generators : * ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import errors ;
 import property ;
 import scanner ;
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ rule main-target-rule ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build *
     import targets ;
     return [
       targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new typed-target $(name) : $(project) : $(.main-target-type.$(rulename))
+      [ xnew typed-target $(name) : $(project) : $(.main-target-type.$(rulename))
         : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(name) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ]
diff --git a/test/unused/project-root.jam b/test/unused/project-root.jam
index 8994c99d2..6e839204e 100644
--- a/test/unused/project-root.jam
+++ b/test/unused/project-root.jam
@@ -3,17 +3,20 @@ import type ;
 import generators ;
 import print ;
 import virtual-target ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import modules ;
 import targets ;
 
 
 type.register X : x ;
 
-rule test-target-class ( name : project )
+xclass test-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-    
+    rule __init__ ( name : project )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
 	    if [ modules.peek : GENERATE_NOTHING ]
@@ -38,14 +41,13 @@ rule test-target-class ( name : project )
 	    return [ property-set.create <define>FOO ] ;
     }
 }
-class test-target-class : basic-target ;
 
 rule make-b-main-target
 {
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;    
     
     targets.main-target-alternative 
-      [ new test-target-class b : $(project) ] ;
+      [ xnew test-target-class b : $(project) ] ;
 }
 
 IMPORT $(__name__) : make-b-main-target : : make-b-main-target ;
diff --git a/tools/stlport.jam b/tools/stlport.jam
index 41df760e0..452a3db21 100644
--- a/tools/stlport.jam
+++ b/tools/stlport.jam
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 import feature : feature subfeature ;
 import project ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import targets ;
 import property-set ; 
 
@@ -76,15 +76,18 @@ subfeature stdlib stlport : extensions : noext : optional propagated ;
 # - when host iostreams are used, we really should produce nothing. It would
 #   be hard/impossible to achieve this using prebuilt targets.
 
-rule stlport-target-class ( project : headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
+xclass stlport-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ stlport : $(project) : : $(requirements) ;
-    self.headers = $(headers) ;
-    self.libraries = $(libraries) ;
-    
     import feature project type errors generators ;
-    import set : difference ;
+    import set : difference ;       
     
+    rule __init__ ( project : headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ stlport : $(project) : : $(requirements) ;
+        self.headers = $(headers) ;
+        self.libraries = $(libraries) ;
+    }
+            
     rule generate ( property-set )
     {
         # Since this target is built with <stdlib>stlport, it will also
@@ -159,15 +162,13 @@ rule stlport-target-class ( project : headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
         return [ property-set.create $(usage-requirements) ] ;
     }    
 }
-class stlport-target-class : basic-target ;
-
 
 rule stlport-target ( headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
 {
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new stlport-target-class  $(project) : $(headers) : $(libraries)        
+      [ xnew stlport-target-class  $(project) : $(headers) : $(libraries)        
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
       ] ;
 }
diff --git a/v2/build/alias.jam b/v2/build/alias.jam
index 587b019c0..b4cb60e60 100644
--- a/v2/build/alias.jam
+++ b/v2/build/alias.jam
@@ -24,32 +24,33 @@
 #
 
 import targets ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import property ;
 import errors : error ;
 import type : type ;
 import regex ;
 
-rule alias-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+xclass alias-target-class : basic-target 
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
-                          : $(default-build) ;
-    
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
+          : $(default-build) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         return $(source-targets) ;
     }   
 }
 
-class alias-target-class : basic-target ;
-
 # Declares the 'alias' target. It will build sources, and return them unaltered.
 rule alias ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
 {
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new alias-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
+      [ xnew alias-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
         : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(name) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ] 
diff --git a/v2/build/project.jam b/v2/build/project.jam
index 03fccc2c5..74af9a763 100644
--- a/v2/build/project.jam
+++ b/v2/build/project.jam
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ import errors : error ;
 import project-roots ;
 
 import print ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import errors ;
 import assert ;
 import property-set ;
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ rule target ( project-module )
 {
     if ! $(.target.$(project-module))
     {
-        .target.$(project-module) = [ new project-target $(project-module) 
+        .target.$(project-module) = [ xnew project-target $(project-module) 
           : $(project-module) 
            : [ attribute $(project-module) requirements ] ] ;
     }
diff --git a/v2/build/targets.jam b/v2/build/targets.jam
index ec681f0a2..c591d695d 100644
--- a/v2/build/targets.jam
+++ b/v2/build/targets.jam
@@ -80,19 +80,22 @@ import path ;
 import set ;
 
 # Base class for all abstract targets.
-rule abstract-target ( name      # name of the target in Jamfile
-                       : project # the project module where the target is declared
-                     )
+xclass abstract-target 
 {
-    import project ;
+    import project ;    
     
-    # Note: it might seem that we don't need either name or project at all.
-    # However, there are places where we really need it. One example is error
-    # messages which should name problematic targets. Another is setting correct
-    # paths for sources and generated files.
-
-    self.name = $(name) ;
-    self.project = $(project) ;
+    rule __init__ ( name      # name of the target in Jamfile
+        : project # the project module where the target is declared
+    )
+    {        
+        # Note: it might seem that we don't need either name or project at all.
+        # However, there are places where we really need it. One example is error
+        # messages which should name problematic targets. Another is setting correct
+        # paths for sources and generated files.
+        
+        self.name = $(name) ;
+        self.project = $(project) ;
+    }    
     
     # Returns the name of this target.
     rule name ( )
@@ -144,7 +147,6 @@ rule abstract-target ( name      # name of the target in Jamfile
         self.name = $(new-name) ;
     }        
 }
-class abstract-target ;
 
 #  Project target class (derived from 'abstract-target')
 #
@@ -162,19 +164,23 @@ class abstract-target ;
 #    targets.
 #  - The first time 'main-target' or 'has-main-target' rule is called,
 #    all alternatives are enumerated an main targets are created.
-rule project-target ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
+xclass project-target : abstract-target 
 {
     import project targets ;
     import path ;
     import print ;
     import property-set ;
     import set : difference : set.difference ;
+    import class : xnew ;
+        
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
+    {    
+        abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+        
+        self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
+        self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
+    }
     
-    abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-
-    self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
-    self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
-
     rule set-property-adjuster ( property-adjuster )
     {
         for local t in [ targets-to-build ] 
@@ -297,7 +303,7 @@ rule project-target ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
             if ! $(target)
             {
                 self.main-target.$(name) = 
-                  [ new main-target $(name) : $(self.project) ] ;
+                  [ xnew main-target $(name) : $(self.project) ] ;
                 self.main-targets += $(name) ;
                 target = $(self.main-target.$(name)) ;
             }
@@ -329,8 +335,6 @@ rule project-target ( name : project : requirements * : default-build * )
     }    
     
 }
-class project-target : abstract-target ;
-
 
 
 # Helper rules to detect cycles in main target references
@@ -358,10 +362,8 @@ local rule end-building ( main-target-instance )
 
 
 # A named top-level target in Jamfile
-rule main-target ( name : project )
+xclass main-target : abstract-target
 {
-    abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-
     import errors : error ;
     import assert ;
     import numbers : range ;
@@ -369,6 +371,13 @@ rule main-target ( name : project )
     import print ;
     import build-request feature property-set ;
     import targets : start-building end-building ;
+    import class : is-a ;
+        
+    rule __init__ ( name : project )
+    {
+        abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+    }
+    
         
     # Add a new alternative for this target
     rule add-alternative ( target )
@@ -528,8 +537,6 @@ rule main-target ( name : project )
     
 }
 
-class main-target : abstract-target ;
-
 # Helper for 'find', below.
 local rule remove-trailing-slash ( string )
 {
@@ -759,40 +766,42 @@ rule generate-dependencies ( property-set : project : generation-ps )
 # alternative from sources. Allows sources to be either file or
 # other main target and handles generation of those dependency
 # targets.
-rule basic-target ( name : project
-                    : sources * : requirements * : 
-                      [property-set] default-build * : usage-requirements * )
-{        
-    abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-    
+xclass basic-target : abstract-target
+{
     import build-request ;
     import virtual-target targets ;
     import property-set ;
     import set sequence errors ;
-
-    self.sources = $(sources) ;
-    if ! $(requirements) {
-        requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
-    }    
-    self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
-    if ! $(default-build) 
-    {
-        default-build = [ property-set.empty ] ;
-    }    
-    self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
-    if ! $(usage-requirements)
-    {
-        usage-requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
-    }    
-    self.usage-requirements = $(usage-requirements) ;
-
-    if $(sources:G)
-    {
-        errors.error "gristed element in sources for" [ full-name ] ;
+    import class : new xnew ;
+        
+    rule __init__ ( name : project
+        : sources * : requirements * : 
+        default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+    {        
+        abstract-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+    
+        self.sources = $(sources) ;
+        if ! $(requirements) {
+            requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
+        }    
+        self.requirements = $(requirements) ;
+        if ! $(default-build) 
+        {
+            default-build = [ property-set.empty ] ;
+        }    
+        self.default-build = $(default-build) ;
+        if ! $(usage-requirements)
+        {
+            usage-requirements = [ property-set.empty ] ;
+        }    
+        self.usage-requirements = $(usage-requirements) ;
+        
+        if $(sources:G)
+        {
+            errors.error "gristed element in sources for" [ full-name ] ;
+        }
     }
-    
-    
-    
+                
     rule default-build ( )
     {
         return $(self.default-build) ;
@@ -1032,18 +1041,19 @@ rule basic-target ( name : project
     }
 }
 
-class basic-target : abstract-target ;
-
-rule typed-target ( name : project : type 
-    : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+xclass typed-target : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
-      : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
-    
-    import generators ;
-    
-    self.type = $(type) ;
+    import generators ;    
     
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : type 
+    : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
+          : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
+        
+        self.type = $(type) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         local r = [ generators.construct $(self.project) $(self.name) : $(self.type) 
@@ -1059,7 +1069,6 @@ rule typed-target ( name : project : type
         return $(r) ;
     }            
 }
-class typed-target : basic-target ;
 
 # Return the list of sources to use, if main target rule is invoked
 # with 'sources'. If there are any objects in 'sources', they are treated
diff --git a/v2/build/type.jam b/v2/build/type.jam
index 77b67ec7c..1c54cc665 100644
--- a/v2/build/type.jam
+++ b/v2/build/type.jam
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 import feature ;
 import generators : * ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import errors ;
 import property ;
 import scanner ;
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ rule main-target-rule ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build *
     import targets ;
     return [
       targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new typed-target $(name) : $(project) : $(.main-target-type.$(rulename))
+      [ xnew typed-target $(name) : $(project) : $(.main-target-type.$(rulename))
         : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(name) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ]
diff --git a/v2/test/unused/project-root.jam b/v2/test/unused/project-root.jam
index 8994c99d2..6e839204e 100644
--- a/v2/test/unused/project-root.jam
+++ b/v2/test/unused/project-root.jam
@@ -3,17 +3,20 @@ import type ;
 import generators ;
 import print ;
 import virtual-target ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import modules ;
 import targets ;
 
 
 type.register X : x ;
 
-rule test-target-class ( name : project )
+xclass test-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
-    
+    rule __init__ ( name : project )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
 	    if [ modules.peek : GENERATE_NOTHING ]
@@ -38,14 +41,13 @@ rule test-target-class ( name : project )
 	    return [ property-set.create <define>FOO ] ;
     }
 }
-class test-target-class : basic-target ;
 
 rule make-b-main-target
 {
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;    
     
     targets.main-target-alternative 
-      [ new test-target-class b : $(project) ] ;
+      [ xnew test-target-class b : $(project) ] ;
 }
 
 IMPORT $(__name__) : make-b-main-target : : make-b-main-target ;
diff --git a/v2/tools/builtin.jam b/v2/tools/builtin.jam
index 947f18ca7..d0884d215 100644
--- a/v2/tools/builtin.jam
+++ b/v2/tools/builtin.jam
@@ -379,14 +379,17 @@ type.set-scanner CPP : c-scanner ;
 type.register H : h hpp ;
 type.register C : c ;
 
-rule lib-target-class ( name : project 
-    : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
-{    
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
-      : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
+xclass lib-target-class : basic-target
+{
+    import generators : construct : generators.construct ;    
     
-    import generators : construct : generators.construct ;
-            
+    rule __init__ ( name : project 
+        : sources * : requirements * : default-build * : usage-requirements * )
+    {    
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) 
+          : $(sources) : $(requirements) : $(default-build) : $(usage-requirements) ;
+    }
+                
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {        
         local properties = [ $(property-set).raw ] ;
@@ -423,7 +426,6 @@ rule lib-target-class ( name : project
     }
     
 }
-class lib-target-class : basic-target ;
 
 rule lib ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build * 
     : usage-requirements * )
@@ -433,7 +435,7 @@ rule lib ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build *
     # This is a circular module dependency, so it must be imported here
     import targets ;
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new lib-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
+      [ xnew lib-target-class $(name) : $(project) 
         : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(name) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ]
diff --git a/v2/tools/make.jam b/v2/tools/make.jam
index 7b36e7856..9e7b988ec 100644
--- a/v2/tools/make.jam
+++ b/v2/tools/make.jam
@@ -13,16 +13,20 @@ import type : type ;
 import regex ;
 import property-set ;
 
-rule make-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
-                         : make-rule + : default-build * )
+xclass make-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    import type regex virtual-target ;
+    import type regex virtual-target ;    
+    import class : xnew ;
     
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
-                          : $(default-build) ;
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
+        : make-rule + : default-build * )
+    {     
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
+          : $(default-build) ;
        
-    self.make-rule = $(make-rule) ;    
-    
+        self.make-rule = $(make-rule) ;    
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         local t = [ xnew file-target $(self.name:S=) : [ type.type $(self.name:S) ]
@@ -34,7 +38,6 @@ rule make-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements *
         return [ virtual-target.register $(t) ] ;
     }   
 }
-class make-target-class : basic-target ;
 
 # Declares the 'make' main target.
 rule make ( target-name : sources * : generating-rule + : requirements * 
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ rule make ( target-name : sources * : generating-rule + : requirements *
     }
     
    targets.main-target-alternative
-     [ new make-target-class $(target-name) : $(caller) 
+     [ xnew make-target-class $(target-name) : $(caller) 
        : [ targets.main-target-sources $(sources) : $(target-name) ] 
        : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(caller) ] 
        : $(generating-rule) 
diff --git a/v2/tools/stage.jam b/v2/tools/stage.jam
index 2e2434dee..51a2fefb1 100644
--- a/v2/tools/stage.jam
+++ b/v2/tools/stage.jam
@@ -36,13 +36,17 @@ import type ;
 import regex ;
 import generators ;
 
-rule stage-target-class ( name-and-dir : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+xclass stage-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ $(name-and-dir) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
-                          : $(default-build) ;
-    
-    import feature project type errors generators ;
+    import feature project type errors generators ;    
+    import class : xnew ;
     
+    rule __init__ ( name-and-dir : project : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ $(name-and-dir) : $(project) : $(sources) : $(requirements) 
+          : $(default-build) ;
+    }
+        
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
         local name = [ $(property-set).get <name> ] ;
@@ -107,8 +111,6 @@ rule stage-target-class ( name-and-dir : project : sources * : requirements * :
     
 }
 
-class stage-target-class : basic-target ;
-
 # Declare staged version of the EXE type. Generator for this type will
 # cause relinking to the new location.
 type.register STAGED_EXE : : EXE ;
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ rule stage ( name : sources * : requirements * : default-build * )
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new stage-target-class $(name) : $(project) : $(sources)
+      [ xnew stage-target-class $(name) : $(project) : $(sources)
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ] 
       ] ;
diff --git a/v2/tools/stlport.jam b/v2/tools/stlport.jam
index 41df760e0..452a3db21 100644
--- a/v2/tools/stlport.jam
+++ b/v2/tools/stlport.jam
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 import feature : feature subfeature ;
 import project ;
-import class : class new ;
+import class : class new xnew ;
 import targets ;
 import property-set ; 
 
@@ -76,15 +76,18 @@ subfeature stdlib stlport : extensions : noext : optional propagated ;
 # - when host iostreams are used, we really should produce nothing. It would
 #   be hard/impossible to achieve this using prebuilt targets.
 
-rule stlport-target-class ( project : headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
+xclass stlport-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    basic-target.__init__ stlport : $(project) : : $(requirements) ;
-    self.headers = $(headers) ;
-    self.libraries = $(libraries) ;
-    
     import feature project type errors generators ;
-    import set : difference ;
+    import set : difference ;       
     
+    rule __init__ ( project : headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
+    {
+        basic-target.__init__ stlport : $(project) : : $(requirements) ;
+        self.headers = $(headers) ;
+        self.libraries = $(libraries) ;
+    }
+            
     rule generate ( property-set )
     {
         # Since this target is built with <stdlib>stlport, it will also
@@ -159,15 +162,13 @@ rule stlport-target-class ( project : headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
         return [ property-set.create $(usage-requirements) ] ;
     }    
 }
-class stlport-target-class : basic-target ;
-
 
 rule stlport-target ( headers ? : libraries ? : requirements * )
 {
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     targets.main-target-alternative
-      [ new stlport-target-class  $(project) : $(headers) : $(libraries)        
+      [ xnew stlport-target-class  $(project) : $(headers) : $(libraries)        
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ] 
       ] ;
 }
diff --git a/v2/tools/symlink.jam b/v2/tools/symlink.jam
index 89bcc6ef6..66f997ce2 100644
--- a/v2/tools/symlink.jam
+++ b/v2/tools/symlink.jam
@@ -14,39 +14,42 @@ feature.feature symlink-location : project-relative build-relative : incidental
 
 # The class representing "symlink" targets.
 #
-rule symlink-targets (
-    project
-    : targets *
-    : sources *
-    )
+xclass symlink-targets : basic-target
 {
     import numbers modules class property project ;
     
-    # Generate a fake name for now. Need unnamed targets eventually.
-    local c = [ modules.peek symlink : .count ] ;
-    modules.poke symlink : .count : [ numbers.increment $(c) ] ;
-    local fake-name = symlink#$(c) ;
+    rule __init__ (
+      project
+        : targets *
+        : sources *
+    )
+    {    
+        # Generate a fake name for now. Need unnamed targets eventually.
+        local c = [ modules.peek symlink : .count ] ;
+        modules.poke symlink : .count : [ numbers.increment $(c) ] ;
+        local fake-name = symlink#$(c) ;
     
-    basic-target.__init__ $(fake-name) : $(project) : $(sources) ;
+          basic-target.__init__ $(fake-name) : $(project) : $(sources) ;
     
-    # Remember the targets to map the sources onto. Pad or truncate
-    # to fit the sources given.
-    self.targets = ;
-    for local source in $(sources)
-    {
-        if $(targets)
+        # Remember the targets to map the sources onto. Pad or truncate
+        # to fit the sources given.
+        self.targets = ;
+        for local source in $(sources)
         {
-            self.targets += $(targets[1]) ;
-            targets = $(targets[2-]) ;
+            if $(targets)
+            {
+                self.targets += $(targets[1]) ;
+                targets = $(targets[2-]) ;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                self.targets += $(source) ;
+            }
         }
-        else
-        {
-            self.targets += $(source) ;
-        }
-    }
     
-    # The virtual targets corresponding to the given targets.
-    self.virtual-targets = ;
+        # The virtual targets corresponding to the given targets.
+        self.virtual-targets = ;
+    }    
     
     rule construct ( source-targets * : property-set )
     {
@@ -71,7 +74,6 @@ rule symlink-targets (
         return $(self.virtual-targets) ;
     }
 }
-class.class symlink-targets : basic-target ;
 
 # Creates a symbolic link from a set of targets to a set of sources.
 # The targets and sources map one to one. The symlinks generated are
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ rule symlink (
     local project = [ CALLER_MODULE ] ;
     
     return [ targets.main-target-alternative
-        [ class.new symlink-targets $(project) : $(targets) : 
+        [ class.xnew symlink-targets $(project) : $(targets) : 
           # Note: inline targets are not supported for symlink, intentionally,
           # since it's used to linking existing non-local targets.
           $(sources) ] ] ;
diff --git a/v2/tools/testing.jam b/v2/tools/testing.jam
index ef5c67b7d..fcb83e4db 100644
--- a/v2/tools/testing.jam
+++ b/v2/tools/testing.jam
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ import toolset ;
 # lanch test programs. 
 feature.feature testing.launcher : : optional free ;
 
-rule unit-test-target-class ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
-                         : default-build * )
+xclass unit-test-target-class : basic-target
 {
-    typed-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : EXE : $(sources) 
-      : $(requirements) : $(default-build) ;
-       
+    rule __init__ ( name : project : sources * : requirements * 
+                         : default-build * )
+    {
+        typed-target.__init__ $(name) : $(project) : EXE : $(sources) 
+          : $(requirements) : $(default-build) ;
+    }
+           
     rule construct ( source-targets * : properties * )
     {
         local result = 
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ rule unit-test ( target-name : sources * : requirements * )
             
     # TODO: what to do with default build?
     targets.main-target-alternative 
-      [ new unit-test-target-class $(target-name) : $(project) : $(sources)
+      [ xnew unit-test-target-class $(target-name) : $(project) : $(sources)
         : [ targets.main-target-requirements $(requirements) : $(project) ]
         : [ targets.main-target-default-build $(default-build) : $(project) ]
       ] ;