diff --git a/src/engine/builtins.c b/src/engine/builtins.c
index 0a776c44f..34231939d 100644
--- a/src/engine/builtins.c
+++ b/src/engine/builtins.c
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ void unknown_rule( FRAME * frame, char const * key, module_t * module,
     else
         out_printf( "root module.\n" );
     backtrace( frame->prev );
-    exit( 1 );
+    exit( EXITBAD );
 }
 
 
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ LIST * builtin_import( FRAME * frame, int flags )
         list_print( target_rules );
         out_printf( "\n" );
         backtrace( frame->prev );
-        exit( 1 );
+        exit( EXITBAD );
     }
 
     return L0;
@@ -1685,7 +1685,7 @@ LIST * builtin_native_rule( FRAME * frame, int flags )
         out_printf( "error: no native rule \"%s\" defined in module \"%s.\"\n",
             object_str( list_front( rule_name ) ), object_str( module->name ) );
         backtrace( frame->prev );
-        exit( 1 );
+        exit( EXITBAD );
     }
     return L0;
 }
diff --git a/src/engine/function.c b/src/engine/function.c
index 9cb171886..eb6ddda02 100644
--- a/src/engine/function.c
+++ b/src/engine/function.c
@@ -3078,7 +3078,7 @@ static void argument_error( char const * message, FUNCTION * procedure,
     print_source_line( frame );
     out_printf( "see definition of rule '%s' being called\n", frame->rulename );
     backtrace( frame->prev );
-    exit( 1 );
+    exit( EXITBAD );
 }
 
 static void type_check_range( OBJECT * type_name, LISTITER iter, LISTITER end,
@@ -3371,7 +3371,7 @@ static void argument_compiler_add( struct argument_compiler * c, OBJECT * arg,
         {
             err_printf( "%s:%d: missing argument name before type name: %s\n",
                 object_str( file ), line, object_str( arg ) );
-            exit( 1 );
+            exit( EXITBAD );
         }
 
         c->arg.arg_name = object_copy( arg );
@@ -3419,7 +3419,7 @@ static struct arg_list arg_compile_impl( struct argument_compiler * c,
     case ARGUMENT_COMPILER_FOUND_TYPE:
         err_printf( "%s:%d: missing argument name after type name: %s\n",
             object_str( file ), line, object_str( c->arg.type_name ) );
-        exit( 1 );
+        exit( EXITBAD );
     case ARGUMENT_COMPILER_FOUND_OBJECT:
         dynamic_array_push( c->args, c->arg );
         break;
diff --git a/src/engine/make1.c b/src/engine/make1.c
index 1109c1a96..7dbf7c8da 100644
--- a/src/engine/make1.c
+++ b/src/engine/make1.c
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ int make1( LIST * targets )
     /* If we were interrupted, exit now that all child processes
        have finished. */
     if ( intr )
-        exit( 1 );
+        exit( EXITBAD );
 
     {
         LISTITER iter, end;